Facts &figures 3 Ibid. feasibility votingwill beconducted ofexternal in2020. allowedto submitpostalness are votes from abroad. However, thegovernment announced in2019 thataninternational studyonthe 2 Theamendedconstitution of2013 allowsfor onlygovernment voting, staff butonlywithinZimbabwe; abroad onofficialbusi- 20) Act 1 TheCitizenshipofZimbabweAct of1984 strictlyprohibited dualcitizenship.However, theConstitution ofZimbabweAmendment(No. % ofemigrants in total population labour agreements withhost countries.labour agreements benefits terminal, pension,and socialsecurity returnees through retired for conclusionofbilateral protection ofZimbabweans abroad, andestablish mechanismsfor thetransfer of andrepatriation diaspora into national development processes. It aims to develop measures to enhance ’s NationalDiaspora provides Policy aframework to formally mainstream the diaspora intheUK,even thoughthelargest diaspora isbasedinSouth community . colloquially referred to inZimbabwe as‘ North’ or‘ZimbabweNorth’, areference to thelarge Terminology: Zimbabweusestheterm diaspora or‘Zimbabweans abroad’. Thediaspora are , 2013 allowsdualcitizenshipfor citizensatbirth. Remittances inflow(USD million): 1,773 Remittances asashareofGDP: 8.0 ZIMBABWE Diaspora engagementmapping National Diaspora Policy % ofwhich in theEU % United StatesofAmerica Top countries ofdestination Political rights

2016 Dual citizenship for citizensresidingabroad Right tovote innationalelections 1 59,895 64,477 97,699 183,117 376,668

2 3

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4 The diaspora also play a role in international in international also play a role The diaspora 5 6

9 ‘The Domestic and External Implications of Zimbabwe’s Economic Reform and Re-engagement Agenda Re-engagement and Reform Economic Externaland Domestic ‘The Zimbabwe’s of Implications Self-Serving or Self-Effacing?” An Analysis of The Zimbabwe-United Kingdom Diaspora`s Role In Human Rights Diaspora`s An Analysis of The Zimbabwe-United Kingdom or Self-Effacing?” Self-Serving The Zimbabwean diaspora plays an important role in the country’s in role plays an important diaspora The Zimbabwean through economy the country. and investment to remittances advocacy and image building for Zimbabwe. building for advocacy and image Achievements institutional structures creating to its commitment The Government of Zimbabwe has shown The adoption as part agenda. of the national development engagement diaspora that promote Directorate and launch of the Diaspora and the establishment Policy, of the National Diaspora this commitment.of arethe IOM and proof 2016 supportwith In addition, from September in meetings Engagement Diaspora Zimbabwean conducted Zimbabwe of Government the EC, the relationship improve to Africa and South , Kingdom, in the United 2016 in October and build confidence. Since 2018, political instability in Zimbabwe has further polarized the diaspora, making it harderit making instabilitypolitical further has diaspora, the Zimbabwe in polarized 2018, Since efforts. engagement with diaspora move forward to the government for Trends Trends potential as a powerful enhance to tool recognizes migration of Zimbabwe The government of migration benefits key the opportunities. It acknowledges investment and development The Zimbabwean contributions. and skills of origin, including their financial countries for higher than official figures be between to worldwide is estimated 3m and 5m, far diaspora of residence.countries citizenship in indicate, as many have taken conducted by the African Development Bank, the World Bank the World Bank, Development by the African conducted joint needs assessment A 2019 Ministry and of with Zimbabwe’s in close coordination Nations and United Group, the strategic under component a key engagement diaspora made Development Economic resourcingadequately include proposed actions immediate Key cohesion’. and ‘inclusion pillar policy action plan, implementation the diaspora operationalizing Directorate, the Diaspora distribution. size,geographic profile, and of the diaspora’s knowledge and improving government has expressed an ongoing commitment to strengthen diaspora engagement at the engagement strengthen to has expressed diaspora commitment government an ongoing in Marrakesh Migration Orderly Safe, on on the Global Compact Conference Intergovernmental in this regard. states experiences the of other African from learn and is seeking to in 2018,

. Canon Collins Trust. Collins . Canon was published in 2016. The action plan The action published in 2016. Plan was PolicyNational Diaspora Action Implementation worldwide. diaspora with the Zimbabwean engaging is structured serve to for as a framework the intra- with policies and legislation, that deal on eight priority areas The action plan focuses relationship, investment, engagement, institutional diaspora governmental-diaspora remittances, rights. development,national socio-economic diaspora and the diaspora knowing (ZimAsset 2013-2018) Socio-EconomicTransformation Sustainable Zimbabwe for Agenda country. to the flows remittance enhance to measures develop to a target includes

at the Intergovernmental Conference on Adoption of the on Adoption Conference at the Intergovernmental and Welfare delivered of Public Service, by the Minister Statement Labour, Global Compact on Safe, Orderly Migration, Marrakesh, December 2018. December Marrakesh, Migration, Orderly on Safe, Global Compact 9 Ibid. 8 6 Chivanga, J.T (2015) “ J.T 6 Chivanga, 7 Ibid. Advocacy • Overview policy of the framework and legislative • Chatham House. 5 Chitiyo, Knox et al (2016),al et Knox Chitiyo, 5 Global Zimbabweans: Diaspora Engagement and Disengagement. Journal of International Engagement Diaspora Global Zimbabweans: Abel & Crush, Jonathan. (2018). 4 Chikanda, . and Integration Migration

2017 2013

2018 2022

ZIMBABWE • • • • • Obstacles Settlement 13 Sapes Trust (2020), Dialogue Forum Policy OnlineSeries Number2of2020: HarnessingZimbabwe’s Diaspora Towards the National 12 DMA/AU/GIZ ‘Diaspora (2019), Engagement Self-Assessment Report with thediaspora. 11 tion-paper-number-7/ 10 Chitiyo, ;See alsohttp://kubatana.net/2019/10/08/zimbabwe-election-support-network-posi Steve Knox op.cit. andKibble, (2014), - Zimbabwe’s NationalDiaspora setsoutthecommon obstacles Policy thathinderthegovernment from havingasmooth relationship • • • • • reporting skillsdata bankinorderreporting to harnessdiaspora skillsandexpertise. education, science andtechnology. Zimbabweans from the country, significant skills shortages are and there insectors suchashealth, combined with dissatisfactionZimbabwe, havebeendrivers for with the government, emigration of Severe economic problemsEconomic and a lack of economic in opportunities instability: spatial distributionofthediaspora, butthisisnotupdated regularly. Lack ofadiaspora database:TheDiaspora Directorate maintains alimited database onthesizeand routes abarrierto increased alsopresent diaspora investment. on diaspora investments.Thehighcosts oftransmitting money through money transfer existing Barriers todiaspora isalackofenablingfinancialandlegal investment:There instruments focused andthediaspora. the country thegovernment andthediaspora.between intheabsence Thisresults ofcohesive synergies between Coordination isalackofformal challenges: There mechanismsfor communication andcoordination missions andthediaspora. a needfor activeandcordial engagement officialsindiplomatic between andconfidence-building government hassoughtto manage politicaloppositioninthediaspora, is There withmixedresults. Zimbabweanditsdiaspora. alegacy ofdeepmistrustbetween The remains Lack oftrust:There Africa and the UK were allowed to observe thevote. Africa allowedto observe andtheUKwere from SADC in the2013 and a diaspora elections, observers delegation fromcountry; South inthediaspora issignificantinterest There inelectoral inparticipating processes inthe 11 13 ’ 10

12 There isaneedto buildaself- There

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15 In 2019, CBZ started offering diaspora mortgages in the form of a CBZ foreign loan denominated form of a CBZ in the mortgages diaspora offering CBZ started In 2019, 14

14 Faal, G.ibril (2019), ‘Strategic, Business and Operational Framework for an African Diaspora Finance Corporation: African Union Legacy Union Legacy African Corporation: Finance Diaspora an African for Framework Business and Operational G.ibril (2019), ‘Strategic, 14 Faal, Abridged Union Commission. African GK Partners/ Investment, in Africa’, Enterprise on Diaspora and Social Finance Project Innovative version 15 https://www.cbz.co.zw/diaspora-foreign-denominated-individual-and-or-joint-mortgages/ 2018 platform investment Enaleni Community investors diaspora female of group a by set up platform investment diaspora local a is Community Enaleni involving over 50 platform, The based in the UK, Global Native, Zimbabwe, in Enaleni, in rural in 2018. in Zimbabwe.cooperative Within a a local agricultural finance set up and used to was investors diaspora investment and grants), (diaspora almost £150,000 attract of blended finance to it managed years, few with the and their families thousands of farmers to income jobs, provided decent 25 full-time created has directly development. benefitted local economic social impact and stimulated associated The platform and indirectly local community members. over 40,000 farmers 10,000 2011/2019 Financial Products Diaspora Bond. Bank of Zimbabwe (CBZ) a US$50 million Diaspora the floating of initiated the Commercial In 2011, coal, electricity, in projects fund infrastructure wereused to Bond be to the Diaspora of The proceeds achieve to and the bond failed disappointing, was uptake However, and other sectors. manufacturing, scale. In 2007/08, in collaboration with IOM the Government of Zimbabwe implemented a programme that that a programme implemented IOM the Government of Zimbabwe with in collaboration In 2007/08, their to offer basis who returned on a short-term the temporary return professionals of qualified facilitated and other tertiaryHospital institutions. learning and training expertise at the University Teaching 2007 and Academics Workers of Health Return Temporary effective practices effective SPOTLIGHT: that allows diaspora investors to invest in property in Zimbabwe. to investors that allows diaspora

& INVESTMENT & TRANSFER

INVESTMENT

DIASPORA BONDS BONDS DIASPORA SKILLS

ZIMBABWE from thediaspora for development. regulations; mainstreaming the diaspora into thebudgeting process;resources andharnessingfinancial budgeting processes; onfiscalprocedures, investor educationandpublicawareness incentives and for isresponsible creating anenablingenvironmentThe Ministry for diaspora innational participation ofFinance andEconomic Development1980 Ministry Policy. Italsoleads onmonitoring andevaluating theimplementation oftheZimbabweDiaspora Policy. The OfficePresidentand ofthe responsible Cabinetis forthe providing oversight oftheZimbabweDiaspora Office ofthePresidentand Cabinet1980 and communication withthediaspora. to enter into bilateral thepromotion to ensure agreements andprotection ofZimbabwean citizensabroad, diaspora engagement for andisresponsible diaspora registration, initiating dialoguewithhostcountries for isresponsible Zimbabwe’sThis Ministry for foreign anditsmissionsabroad. policy Itisthelead ministry ofForeign Affairs andInternational Ministry Trade 1980 • • policies by2019. Framework allSADC, whichimplores memberstates to develop rights-based nationallabourmigration African Member States. Inaddition,SADC Member States adopted theSADC Labour Migration Policy sustainable and equitable economic growth and socio-economic development amongfifteen Southern Zimbabwe isafounding memberofSADC, aninter-governmental organization whosegoal isto promote Southern African (SADC)1992 DevelopmentCommunity atAU-CIDO Continentalcountry Meetings. involvement ofthediaspora andcivilsociety. Zimbabwenominates adiaspora focal the pointto represent AU-CIDO for isresponsible implementingtheAU’s engagement withnon-state actors through the African UnionCitizensandDiaspora Directorate (AU-CIDO) 2001 Diaspora relatedinstitutions List ofActors Annex: • • National institutions At regional level { { At ministerial level

ZIMBABWE Sub-ministerial level institutions institutions level Sub-ministerial { { Development activities activities Integration Development activities activities Integration Integration activities Integration The Zimbabwe Achievers Awards is a global-leading, independent organization, founded in 2010 by in 2010 founded independent organization, is a global-leading, Awards The Zimbabwe Achievers of and achievements the successes and celebrates rewards recognizes, The organization Mwanza. Conrad art,business, include that sectors or industries in abroad, living sport, Zimbabweans music.and entertainment Zimbabwe Achievers Awards International (ZAA)Zimbabwe Awards Achievers UK 2010 TZABA works to provide education and training, promote health and livelihoods, mobilize famine relief, relief, and livelihoods, mobilize famine health promote education and training, provide to works TZABA economic, religiousconduct activities, and undertake community development, and employment in Zimbabwe. programmes Transvaal Zimbabwe And Botswana Association (TZABA) UK 1967 Transvaal The BZS maintains an active network of contacts. It works in co-operation with organizations that work with organizations network in co-operation an active It works The BZS maintains of contacts. supportsIt Africa. Southern and with Zimbabwe communityconcerned and UK in the Zimbabwean the with expertZimbabwe.in situation local the on advice providing societyby The seekers asylum Zimbabwean of academic experts a panel has established on Zimbabwe who between assess them have been able to hundreds of asylum appeals. 1981 UK (BZS) 1981 Britain Zimbabwe Society, Diaspora organizations in Diaspora As of September 2020, the status of the Advisory Council is unclear. Nevertheless, it is responsible for advising it is responsible Nevertheless, for is unclear. of the Advisory the status 2020, Council of September As policies, programmes, diaspora of improving and means ways researching issues; on diaspora the government and home-coming annual diaspora as well as convening conferences, and institutional arrangements; and individuals. groups Diaspora recognizing outstanding schemes for annual award organizing Zimbabwe Advisory Diaspora 2016 Council The Zimbabwe Investment Authority is responsible for implementing diaspora investment policies, investment diaspora implementing AuthorityThe Zimbabwe Investment is responsible for schemes and programmes. Zimbabwe Investment Authority 2006 The Zimbabwe Diaspora Directorate forms part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and . and International part the Ministry of forms Affairs Directorate of Foreign Diaspora The Zimbabwe Zimbabwean the of contributions the facilitating and coordinating include directorate of the roles The the development to skills and the networks which are integral transferable including remittances, diaspora, of a modern, knowledge-based economy. 2016 Directorate Diaspora

ZIMBABWE organization ofcultural, social events andactivities.[ & aspirations, andto improve thesocialandcultural welfare ofZimbabweans livingabroad through to organize andprovide to investment opportunities Zimbabweans thatimprove theireconomic needs ofresidenceandorigin.Itworks to promote activities asto improve Zimbabwe, livelihoodsincountry ZIDO bringstogether Zimbabweans inthediaspora to engage incultural, social&economic advancement inDiaspora Organization(ZIDO) 2015 UK Zimbabweans its members for political,denominationorprofit-making thepromotion ofparty purposes. political,non-denominational, non-profit makingorganizationZDN isanon-party andcannotbeusedby oriented institutionsandindividualsworkingwiththeZimbabwean Diaspora. Social Welfarepolitical development ofthepeopleZimbabwe, institutionsandotherdevelopment- coordinating organizations body of all registered ZDN is a concernedvoluntary with social, economic, 2015 UK (ZDN) Diaspora Network Zimbabwe diaspora. [ asaSinglePointofAccess (SPA)system. ZDHAserves ofHealth inZimbabwefor to theMinistry the Zimbabweans inthediaspora formed diaspora ZDHAto strengthen inZimbabwe’s participation health Diaspora HealthAlliance 2018Zimbabwean (ZDHA) UK ZHRO those in theUKgoing supports through anasylumprocess. declarations throughout the world, but specifically in Zimbabwe and its immediate neighbors. Additionally set outintheUniversal Declaration ofHumanRightsandsubsequentUnited Nationsconventions and ZHRO was formed to adesperate inresponse needto aidZimbabweandto promote humanrightsas HumanRightsOrganization(ZHRO)Zimbabwe 2016 UK mobilizationnutrition, resource andinfrastructure. A diaspora group thataimsto workaround theareas ofchildren’s health rights,girls’ and empowerment, EducationalTrustZimbabwe 1987 UK (ZET) Integration activities Development activities Integration activities Development activities Integration activities Development activities Integration activities Development activities Integration activities Development activities

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ZIMBABWE Find out more at www.diasporadevelopment.eu Development activities Development Written by: AFFORD Written Edited by: EUDiF 2020 September Zim Health was established to inform, educate, and communicate the status and needs of the Zimbabwe Zimbabwe and needs of the educate, status the and communicate inform, to established was Zim Health delivery public health and the rest in Switzerland Europe, of well as to as all Zimbabweans to system to equitably materials and on distributing funds also focuses public. organization The European the services and districts of Zimbabwe,health with the Zimbabwean in partnership works and in all provinces Directorate. Diaspora Zimbabwe Network Health (Zim for Switzerland 2008 Health)

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