IMPACT, INFLUENCE, and PERFORMANCE of SZYMANOWSKI's MYTHS OP. 30 by Sophie Bird Submitted to the Faculty of the Jacobs Schoo
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IMPACT, INFLUENCE, AND PERFORMANCE OF SZYMANOWSKI’S MYTHS OP. 30 by Sophie Bird Submitted to the faculty of the Jacobs School of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree, Doctor of Music Indiana University May 2019 Accepted by the faculty of the Indiana University Jacobs School of Music, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Music Doctoral Committee _____________________________________ Halina Goldberg, Research Director _____________________________________ Mark Kaplan, Chair _____________________________________ Alex Kerr _____________________________________ Mimi Zweig April 11, 2019 ii Copyright © 2019 Sophie Bird iii Acknowledgements I must extend my warmest thanks to my dedicated advisor Professor Halina Goldberg for her invaluable help and guidance throughout this entire process. It was in her captivating class on twentieth-century Polish music in the Spring of 2012 that I was introduced to the music of Szymanowski, and without her generous assistance, thought-provoking comments, and steadfast encouragement I would not have survived this task. To my mentor and teacher Mark Kaplan, thank you for the many years of inspiration and support. You fostered in me a love for the violin and a curiosity for music that I would not otherwise have found. Your support and understanding over the years have been greatly appreciated. Thank you for taking the time to read through drafts and for your advice regarding writing style. Finally, a most poignant and special thanks to my parents, Ken and Sue. Thank you for submitting your lives to this musical journey so many years ago. You have been a constant force that has kept me moving forward through every challenge, every performance, audition, and exam. Through the successes and failures, you have loved and supported me in every conceivable way. iv Table of Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iv Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................v List of Examples .......................................................................................................................... vii List of Appendices .................................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2: Background ................................................................................................................5 Young Poland in Music ...............................................................................................8 Chapter 3: Stylistic Influences .................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 4: Middle-Period Aesthetics ........................................................................................18 Isolation and his “Inner World” .................................................................................. 22 Mythology .................................................................................................................25 Philosophy .................................................................................................................27 Chapter 5: The Myths ................................................................................................................30 Compositional Form and Style ..................................................................................32 “La Fontaine d’Arethuse” ......................................................................................33 “Narcisse” ................................................................................................................ 38 “Dryads et Pan” .....................................................................................................43 The Impact of Myths .................................................................................................50 Chapter 6: A Performer’s Guide ...............................................................................................53 Performance History ..............................................................................................54 v Matters of Interpretation ................................................................................................. 57 Fingering ...................................................................................................................58 Bowings ....................................................................................................................... 59 Bow Stroke ................................................................................................................60 Vibrato .......................................................................................................................61 Rhythm and Meter .....................................................................................................62 Dynamics ..................................................................................................................... 64 Approaching Specific Violin Techniques and Technical Difficulties ........................... 67 Portamenti/Glissandi ................................................................................................... 67 Harmonics ................................................................................................................... 69 Chordal passagework .................................................................................................. 71 Trills and chordal trilling ............................................................................................ 72 Rapid passagework ..................................................................................................... 72 Collaboration................................................................................................................... 73 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................75 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................ 80 vi List of Examples Example 1: Szymanowski, “La Fontaine d’Arethusa,” mm. 1-4 .............................................. 34 Example 2: Szymanowski, “La Fontaine d’Arethusa,” mm. 72–74. ......................................... 35 Example 3: Szymanowski, “La Fontaine d’Arethusa,” mm. 116–117. ..................................... 35 Example 4: Szymanowski, “La Fontaine d’Arethusa,” mm. 9–12. ........................................... 36 Example 5: Szymanowski, “Narcisse,” mm. 19–22. ................................................................. 36 Example 6: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” m. 42. ................................................................. 37 Example 7: Szymanowski, “La Fontaine d’Arethusa,” m. 109. ................................................ 37 Example 8: Szymanowski, “Narcisse,” mm. 8–9. ..................................................................... 40 Example 9: Szymanowski, “Narcisse,” mm. 23–28. ................................................................. 40 Example 10: Szymanowski, “Narcisse,” m. 11. ........................................................................ 41 Example 11: Szymanowski, “Narcisse,” mm. 83–87. ............................................................... 42 Example 12: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 1–4. .......................................................... 43 Example 13: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 9–15. ........................................................ 44 Example 14: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 52–58. ...................................................... 45 Example 15: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 57–61. ...................................................... 46 Example 16: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 73–74 ....................................................... 46 Example 17: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 84–89. ...................................................... 47 Example 18: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 21–23 ....................................................... 49 Example 19: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 17–21 ....................................................... 64 Example 20: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 73–74 ....................................................... 64 Example 21: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan,” mm. 85–89 ....................................................... 64 Example 22: Szymanowski, “La Fontaine d’Arethusa,” mm. 1–23 .......................................... 65 vii Example 23: Szymanowski, “La Fontaine d’Arethusa,” mm. 15–17 ........................................ 66 Example 24: Szymanowski, “Narcisse,” mm. 49–54 ................................................................ 67 viii List of Appendices Appendix 1: Szymanowski, “La Fontaine d’Arethusa” ............................................................ 77 Appendix 2: Szymanowski, “Narcisse”. ................................................................................... 78 Appendix 3: Szymanowski, “Dryads et Pan”. ............................................................................. 79 ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION Karol Szymanowski