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Introduction Joel Halpern University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Jmhalpern@Anthro.Umass.Edu University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Anthropology Department Faculty Publication Anthropology Series January 1993 Introduction Joel Halpern University of Massachusetts, Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/anthro_faculty_pubs Part of the Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Halpern, Joel, "Introduction" (1993). The Anthropology of East Europe Review. 28. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/anthro_faculty_pubs/28 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Anthropology at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Department Faculty Publication Series by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ANTHROPOLOGY OF EAST EUROPE REVIEW SPECIAl. ISSUE: WAR AMONG THE YUGOSLAVS EDITOR DA VID A. KIDECKEL GUEST EDITOR JOEL M. HALPERN This special issue 0/ the Anthropology 0/ East Europe Review was made possible by a generous rift from Stase P. McPherron. The Editors 0/ the Review ami the membership 0/ the East European Anthropology Group are grole/Ell/or her generousity and support 0/ our activities. CONTENTS EDITORS' NOTES 5 DAVID A. KlOECKEl. CENTRAL CONNECTICUT STATE UNIVERSIH ROBERT ROTENBERG. DEPAUL UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION ..... 1 JOEL M. HALPERN. UNIVERSITY Of MASSACHUSETTS/AMHERST SOME THOUGHTS ON THE DISSOLUTION OF A STATE 16 A NDR.EI SIMIC. UNIVERSITY Of SOUTHERN CALIfORNIA IDEOLOGICAL ACCOMMODATION AND RECONCILIATIONIN A CROATIAN COMMUNITY 23 BRIAN C. BENNETT. ApPALACfIlAN STATE UNIVERSITY SEEING PAST THE BARRJCADESETHNIC INTERMARRlAGI:i IN YUGOSl.AVIA DURING THE LAST TIIREE DECADES 29 NIXOLAI BOTEV. POPULATION STUDIES CENTER. UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA RICHARD A. W AGNER, SMITH COLLEGE THE YUGOSLAV LABYRINTH 39 E. A. HAMMEL. UNIVERSITY Of CALIFORNIA. BERKELEY UNMAKING MULTI-ETHNICITY IN YUGOSLAVIA METAMORPHOSIS OBSERVED 4S BETTE DENICH, BOSTON UNIVERSITY BRIDGE ON THE SAVA~ ETHNICITY IN EASTERN CROATIA. 1981-1991 61 M ARY KAY GILLILAND OLSEN. PIMA COMMUNtTY COLLEGE AND UNIVERSIH OF ARIZONA THE TR IUMP H OF CHAUVINISTIC NATIONALISMS IN YUGOSLAVIA BLEAK IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTHRO POLOGY . ... .............. 72 ROBERT M IlA YO[N. UNIVERSllY OF PrrrsBURG Il NATIONALITY CATEGORIES. NATIONAL 1Dl:..'NTIFICATION AND 1Dl:.'NTITY FORMATION IN ~MULTINATIONAL~ BOSN IA ...... 79 TONF. R. BRINGA. UNIVf:RSITY Of BERGEN. NORWAY REFLECTIONS ON TilE VIOLENT DEATH OF A MUL TI·ETHNIC STATE: A SLOVENE PERSPEcnvE 89 ROBIJ{T GARY MINNICII. UNIVERSITY Of BERGEN SEIZING TilE PAST. FORGING TilE PRESENT CHANGING VISIONS OF SELF AND NATION AMONG THE KOSOVA ALBANIANS . .. ....... .... ... ............... 98 JAN!:., REINEC". MONTEREY INS"lTI1.JTIi Of INlF..RNAnONAL S·ruOIES 1...i ACEDON IA A COUNTRY IN QUOTATION MARKS 107 JONAnlAN SCI[WARTZ. UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN REFLI::cnONS ON CROATIA. 1960-1992 ............... 11 6 ELEANOR DFSPALATOVIC. CONNlCT1CUT COl.llGE ENOUGIII STUDENT I}ROTEST '92: TIlE YOUTH OF BELGRADE IN QUEST OF ~ANonIER SERBIN 125 MIRJANA I'ROSIC·DvORNIC. UNIVERSITY OF BEl.GRADE EnlNOGRAPIIY OF A WAR' CROATIA 1991 ·92 .. .................... IH MAJA POVRZANOVIC. INSnnrrE OF EruNOLOGY AND FOLKI.ORE RESEARCH. ZAGREB, CROATIA BooK AND FILM REVIEWS .147 WOMEN & REVOLUTION IN YUGOSU.VIA, 1941 -1945 BY BARBARA JANCA R-WEBSlU . 147 EVA V. II US[lw·DARVAS, UNIVERSITY OF MICIIIGAN-DEARBORN RURAl. CllANor AND DEVELOPMENT IN ALBANIA BY QRJAN SJOBERO 149 1'J:.1l:R S. Al.LEN. RUODE ISLAND COLLEGE ALBANIA AS PART OF A DISAPPEARING WORLD .............. 150 ANTONIA YOl't<;G CIIINA DIARY (1989) PRODUCED AND DIREC1ID BY JINHUA YANG lSI GRFGORY A RUF. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY KITCII[N TAL);, OY IlEAnlEII. MACDoNALD CORN'." ""~IA S"'YDER. COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY ~ISU.NI} OF OUTC"STS R • . • •....••••..... 154 AMY V !ll.U£, UNIVERSITY OF KEN'TUCKY BLACK TRIANGLE. 1991, DIREC"rEO BY NICK DAVIDSON '56 DAVID A KIDECKEl • • CFi'lTRAI. CONNECTICUT STA 'n;: UNIVERSITY '57 C All Rights Reserved for Frontmalter Only DePaul University 1994 Subscription to the Review is through membership in East European Anthropology Group. The Review is published twice a year. Dues are SI5/yr for full-time faculty and professional. SIOfyr for students and part-time faculty. Institutional subscription to the Review are $20 per year. Please address all requests for membership in the East European Anthropology Group and orders for copies of single issues to the managing editor. The Review encourages submissions from researchers in the field. Contact any of the editors for details. Roben Rotenberg. Managing Editor, International Studies Progranl. DePaul University, 2323 N. Seminary Ave., Chicago, II 60614. Phone: 312f 362-6743 or Internet: [email protected]. Eva Huseby-Darvas, Associate Editor, Behavioral Science~ Dept. University of Michigan Dearborn, MI 48128. (bitnet) USERGD60@UMICHUM Mary Kay Gilliland Olsen, Associate Editor, Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. [email protected] Laszl6 Kurti, Film and Book Review Editor, Department of Ethnography and Folklore, Eatvas Lorand University, Pest; Barnabas u. 1., H-1364 Budapest, Hu ngary. KU RTI@OS IRIS.ELlTE.HU Anthropology of East Europe Review··Special Issue INTRODUCTION Joel M 1I0lperll University of Massachusetts/A mherst \\ar in \'Uj:.osl:Hia alld Il~ PlIraUels flesh, Some of these are well-documented occurances; others await invesllgatlon. Th l ~ Is~ue presents American and West European anthropologICal perspectives on recenl events Associated with this mayhem is the prior ICl Ihe outbreak of war m former Yugoslavia widespread destruction of cultural propeny involving Included are anicle~ hy anthropologiSts from Croatia the dynamnmg of mO!:ques and churches and the and Serbia which deal directly With the war and its obliteration of historic monuments. There has also been Impacl on their re~pective ~ocieties. The first group of tremendous destruction of mfrastructure-hospitais, essays ~hould be understood as background 10 armed hOUSing stock. schools, water systems and bridges. struggle mvohmg \'iolcnl death , destruction. and The development of a forensic social-cultural bereavement and 10 those tragcdles still in the making. anthropology can aid III the analysis of the atrocities. The horrors as«tCiale..! with events LII this Balkan For example. there appear to be nalional styles of selting are unparalleled in EurolM! since World War mfllcting dcath and mutilatmg corpses which seem to Two. They do not have precise parallels elsewhere but have historic precedents from both world wars and are hring to mind tht: suffenngs of former communist found In sources such as Balkan epic poetry. states. As In late·i970s CamlxxlLa and. today III the OiSllnctions need, of course, to be made between Caucasus and Central ASia. Ili.Sues of conflicting civilian and military casualties. nallonal Kienlllles have been paramount, ReligIOUS and There IS also a need for an ethno-archaeology nauunal conflic\l> also have parallels in non<ommunist of llfchltectural deslruclKln. Signi6cant here are area~. E\'cnlS m Cyprus and Lebanon. In Liberia. differences of structures destroyed by shelling or Angola, Somaha Jnd the Southern Sudan. as well as in buildmgs deliberately blown up from within. Other Sri Lanka and Kashmir, are some eumples. distinctions include lootmg before destruction or In sum, the conflicts In ex.Yugoslavia are mcmeral10n With contents III place. These acts of hatred part of a late 20th century world-wKie trend. These all reqUired delibelllte planmng and lime to implement. mSlance~. although far from similar, involve military and mamfest strongly held cultural values. coniliLls over control nf teTTltories inhabited by Historic Roots or Ethnocentrism in Multinalionai conflicting nalional group:>. Such confl icts mflict severe Polities privation on civilian populations assumed to be pan of the arena of conflict. In some cases crealion of a nalion Such biases have deep roots. In the old state i~ the pr01t1mate cauo;e; in others. as in e~­ entrance hall to a villa for visiting academics in the city Yugoslavia, cnnflicts occur within and between of Graz there is a slogan emblazoned in German recognized national entilles. ThiS se rie( of essays. Gothic script: "German House, German Land, Prolect while having important analogues to cvents elsewhere. It God With a Strong Hand.· While these senliments IS nOI primarily intended 10 be comparative but focuses were lurn-of-the-century pro-German Austrian on th e Balkan case. nationalist. they also somewhat echo the eUlOocentrism of some Serb. Croat. and Moslem forces. Apparently Ralionalit} and Controlling Violence· A Possible now gone are !he accommodations which made possible Relalionship? the functIOning of the multInational AuStro-Hungarian A~ the multiple consequences of this conflict empire. The end of World War One saw the demise of malte appareru, there IS a drastIC need to understand land·based, multinational empires of the curs. both Ihe ongms and manner of the violence. Our hope Ottomans, and Habsburgs. Yugoslavia was born to the here. perhaps not totally In vain. is that some Wilsonian illusion nf stales based on national identilies. Ielatlonshlp exiSts belween understandmg and conflict As it combined AU!itro-Hungarian and Ottoman Turkish rcwtullull h i~ from Ihls IM!rhaps naive perspective that state traditions, hi~torical contradtetion was built in I hcgln. Alter vislImg pans of ex·Yugoslavia this year from lIS begmnm&. This state
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