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CRÓNICAS Mesoamericanas Tomo I CRONICAS MESOAMERICANAS (TOMO I) © 2008 Universidad Mesoamericana ISBN: 978-99922-846-9-8 Primera Edición, 2008

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CRÓNICAS Mesoamericanas Tomo I CRONICAS MESOAMERICANAS (TOMO I) © 2008 Universidad Mesoamericana ISBN: 978-99922-846-9-8 Primera Edición, 2008 CRÓNICAS MESOAMEricanas TOMO I CRONICAS MESOAMERICANAS (TOMO I) © 2008 Universidad Mesoamericana ISBN: 978-99922-846-9-8 Primera Edición, 2008 Consejo Directivo: Félix Javier Serrano Ursúa, Jorge Rubén Calderón González, Claudia María Hernández de Dighero, Carlos Enrique Chian Rodríguez, Ana Cristina Estrada Quintero, Luis Roberto Villalobos Quesada, Emilio Enrique Conde Goicolea. Editor: Horacio Cabezas Carcache. Traducción de textos mayas-quichés: Marlini Son, Candelaria Dominga López Ixcoy, Robert Carmack, James L. Mondloch, Ruud van Akkeren y Hugo Fidel Sacor. Revisor de estilo: Pedro Luis Alonso. Editorial responsable: Editorial Galería Guatemala. Consejo Editorial: Estuardo Cuestas Morales, Egemberto Alvergue Oliveros, Carlos Enrique Zea Flores, María Olga Granai de Zoller, Mario Estuardo Montes Granai. Diseño y diagramación: QUELSA. Ilustraciones en acuarela: Victor Manuel Aragón. Fotografía proporcionada por Fundación Herencia Cultural Guatemalteca, Fototeca de Justin Kerr de su catálogo Maya Vase Database y Fototeca de Fundación G&T Continental (páginas 119,134,140). Impresión: Tinta y Papel Derechos reservados. La reproducción total o parcial de esta obra sólo podrá hacerse con autorización escrita de la Universidad Mesoamericana. http://www.umes.edu.gt 40 Calle, 10-01, Zona 8, Guatemala, C. A. CRÓNICAS MESOAMEricanas TOMO I CONTENIDO PRÓLOGO 9 FÉLIX JAVIER SERRANO URSÚA INTRODUCCIÓN 11 HORACIO CABEZAS CARCACHE CÓDICES mayas Y MEXICANOS 17 TOMÁS BARRIENTOS Y MARION POPENOE DE HATCH Crónicas DE YAXKUKUL Y CHAC Xulub CHEN 31 ERNESTO VARGAS PACHECO CRÓNICA DE CHAC XULUB CHEN 44 TÍTULO DE LOS SEÑORES DE Sacapulas 59 RUUD VAN AKKEREN HISTORIA DE SU ORIGEN Y VENIDA DE SUS PADRES EN LAS TIERRAS DEL QUICHÉ. 78 PARTE I. FRAGMENTO QUIChé [K’iChe’] 88 TÍTULO DE CAGCOH [KAQKOJ] 93 ENNIO BOSSÚ TESTAMENTO Y TÍTULO DE LOS ANTECESORES DE 100 LOS SEÑORES DE CAGCOH SAN CRISTÓBAL VERAPAZ. HISTORIA QUICHÉ DE DON JUAN DE TORRES 107 J. DANIEL CONTRERAS HISTORIA QUIChé [K’iChe’] de DON JUAN DE TORRES 113 TESTAMENTO DE LOS XpanTzay 129 DE TECPÁN GUATEMALA MATILDE IVIC DE MONTERROSO TESTAMENTO DE LOS XPANTZAY 132 RABINAL ACHÍ O DANZA DEL TUN 141 HUGO FIDEL SACOR Q. RABINAL ACHÍ WEPU XAJOJ TUN 148 RABINAL ACHÍ O DANZA DEL TUN TÍTULO DE XILOTEPEQUE 155 HORACIO CABEZAS CARCACHE TRASUNTO DE UN TÍTULO DE LOS DEL PUEBLO 160 DE SAN MARTÍN XILOTEPEQUE LIENZO DE TLAXCALA 165 HORACIO CABEZAS CARCACHE BIBLIOgrafÍA 179 ÍNDICE ANALÍTICO 199 PRÓLOGO La obra Mesoamérica abrió la colección Estudios sobre los materiales que trabajan. Marlini Son y Candelaria Mesoamericanos, auspiciada por la Universidad Mesoamericana Dominga López Ixcoy actualizaron las versiones mayenses de las de Guatemala. Los especialistas en la materia le brindaron una crónicas indígenas, conforme a las normas de la Academia de acogida favorable por la visión panorámica que ofrece de la Lenguas Mayas de Guatemala, a excepción de los trabajos cultura mesoamericana. realizados por Robert Carmack, James L. Mondloch, Ruud van Proseguimos la tarea de investigación con dos volúmenes, Akkeren y Hugo Fidel Sacor. que denominamos Crónicas Mesoamericanas I y II. Dejamos Deseo agradecer al Consejo Directivo de la Universidad incluso abierta la posibilidad de continuación con otros estudios Mesoamericana, que ve con simpatía esta iniciativa y la apoya en sobre el mismo tema. Ambas publicaciones están dedicadas a todo sentido. Asimismo expreso mi gratitud a Horacio Cabezas, crónicas menores de Guatemala, que son las menos conocidas y que elaboró el proyecto y lo coordinó en su fase de investigación analizadas. Por eso el lector no encontrará en estas obras ningún y publicación. Mi reconocimiento a la Fundación G&T artículo específico sobre el Popol Vuh o El Memorial de Sololá. Continental, que acoge la obra entre sus publicaciones y al En la Introducción de Crónicas Mesoamericanas I, apoyo, interés y dedicación de su Directora Ejecutiva Thelma Horacio Cabezas, sintetiza los contenidos fundamentales que Castillo. Muchas gracias a Luis y Silvia Quel, que cuidaron la abordan estos escritos que son objeto de análisis: Tula y diagramación y siempre estuvieron disponibles y abiertos a migraciones, conquista del Altiplano y Costa Sur, dinastías cualquier sugerencia que pudiera mejorar la publicación; a gobernantes, tierras comunales, alianzas matrimoniales, Víctor Manuel Aragón, por la elaboración de un buen número de música y danza y conquista española El propósito fundamental acuarelas para ilustrar la obra; a Justin Kerr que nos permitió nuestro es contribuir a un mayor conocimiento de la cultura utilizar varias fotografías de su catálogo Maya Vase Database y mesoamericana en todos sus aspectos. a Pedro Luis Alonso, por la revisión del estilo. Los colaboradores, personas de reconocida competencia, ofrecen una visión global de las Crónicas, Danzas y Lienzos, y FÉLIX JAVIER Serrano URSÚA realizan algunas anotaciones, en algunos casos bastante amplias Rector 9 INTRODUCCIÓN La Universidad Mesoamericana ha podido editar el libro fue el Abate Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, quien fue el Crónicas Mesoamericanas gracias al decidido apoyo académico primero en traducir al francés y publicar el Popol Vuh, el brindado por Robert Carmack, James L. Mondloch, Ruud van Memorial de Tecpán Atitlán (Memorial de Sololá) y el Akkeren, Florine Asselberg, Ennio María Bossú, Ernesto Vargas Rabinal Achí. La difusión de tales libros despertó en numerosos Pacheco, Marion Popenoe de Hatch, J. Daniel Contreras, Tomás académicos el interés por la cultura mesoamericana. Con el Barrientos, Matilde Ivic de Monterroso, Oswaldo Chinchilla, pasar del tiempo, muchos documentos fueron adquiridos por Francis Polo Sifontes y Hugo Fidel Sacor. Las introducciones a coleccionistas como William Edmond Gates, quien en 1924 las diferentes crónicas que conforman esta antología fueron vendió a la Biblioteca del Middle American Research Institute, realizadas respectivamente por los académicos arriba citados. de la Universidad de Tulane (Estados Unidos) alrededor de Una de las motivaciones principales que estuvo siempre 1,800 documentos; y en 1936, otro buen número de presente durante la elaboración de esta antología fue la documentos a Robert Garret, los que se encuentran en la necesidad de reunir crónicas indígenas dispersas en ediciones actualidad en el Museo Peabody, de la Universidad de Yale difíciles de conseguir. Esperamos que este esfuerzo permita en (Estados Unidos). un corto tiempo elaborar una edición popular para beneficio de En Guatemala, José A. Villacorta, Heinrich Berlin, Adrián la comunidad educativa, en especial de los maestros y de la Recinos y Mario Crespo fueron los pioneros en la localización y juventud de las áreas más pobres. divulgación de crónicas indígenas. El primero publicó Códices Durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, etnógrafos europeos Mayas (1930), el Manuscrito de Chichicastenango -Popol y de Estados Unidos se dieron a la tarea de localizar crónicas de Vuh- (con la colaboración de Flavio Rodas Noriega) y el la época colonial, en archivos nacionales, eclesiásticos y Memorial de Tecpán Atitlán o Anales de los Cakchiqueles municipales de México y América Central, con información (1944). Berlin localizó en el Archivo General de Centro América sobre el pasado prehispánico y el impacto provocado por la algunas crónicas que publicó en la revista Antropología e conquista española. Al retorno a sus países de origen, llevaron Historia de Guatemala. Las ediciones hechas por Recinos del consigo casi todo lo que localizaron. El pionero de tal actividad Popol Vuh (1947) y el Memorial de Sololá (1950) han sido las 11 HORACIO CABEZAS que mayor divulgación han tenido y las que más han sido en códices, lienzos, estelas, esculturas, murales y vasos citadas por historiadores, antropólogos y arqueólogos del ceremoniales. Esto ha permitido el conocimiento de los pasado mesoamericano. También publicó en 1957 un conjunto enfrentamientos habidos entre comunidades y la imposición de siete crónicas que localizó en diversos archivos. Por su parte, de tributos a los vencidos, así como las alianzas matrimoniales Mario Crespo dio a conocer crónicas menores en su trabajo de y los sistemas de sucesión gubernamental. Sobre el particular, tesis Algunos títulos indígenas del Archivo del Gobierno de en el Libro X de la Década Cuarta de la Historia general de los Guatemala. Sin embargo, Robert M. Carmack es el que localizó hechos de los castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme de el Mar y dio a conocer el mayor número de crónicas indígenas, por Océano, Antonio de Herrera, Cronista Mayor del Emperador medio de su tesis doctoral The Documentary Sources, Ecology Felipe II, escribió: and Culture History of the Prehispanic Quiche-Maya of Conservaban las naciones de Nueva España, la Highland Guatemala (1965). Además, descubrió que algunas memoria de sus antiguallas: En Yucatán, y en Honduras, comunidades indígenas conservan celosamente manuscritos había unos libros de hojas, encuadernados, en que coloniales, como el Título de los Señores de Totonicapán y el tenían los indios la distribución de sus tiempos, y Título Yax, que le permitieron fotografiar, traducir y publicar. conocimiento de las plantas, y animales, y otras cosas Por lo general, las crónicas indígenas son documentos de la naturales. época colonial que, con base en tradiciones históricas En la Provincia de México, tenían su librería, prehispánicas, escribanos indígenas redactaron en sus propios historias y calendarios, con que pintaban; las que tenían idiomas, pero por medio de caracteres latinos.
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