DOCSLIB.ORG

Arachis Hypogaea L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arachis Hypogaea L Montpellier SupAgro THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR EN SCIENCES DE MONTPELLIER SupAgro Discipline : Biologie Intégrative des Plantes Ecole Doctorale : SIBAGHE Préparée au CIRAD – Département BIOS / UMR DAP / Equipe SRG Présentée et soutenue publiquement par Daniel Foncéka Le 10 décembre 2010 Titre : Elargissement de la base génétique de l’arachide cultivée (Arachis hypogaea) : Applications pour la construction de populations, l’identification de QTL et l’amélioration de l’espèce cultivée JURY A. CHARRIER Professeur émérite, Montpellier SupAgro Président G. CHARMET Directeur de recherche, INRA Examinateur L. GRIVET Directeur de recherche, Syngenta Rapporteur F. HOSPITAL Directeur de recherche, INRA Rapporteur B. COURTOIS Chercheur, CIRAD Directeur de Thèse J.-F. RAMI Chercheur, CIRAD Co-encadrant RESUME L’arachide (Arachis hypogaea L.) est une plante allotétraploïde (2n = 4x = 40) issue d’un événement récent d’hybridation entre deux espèces sauvages suivi d’un doublement spontané des chromosomes. La variabilité génétique existant dans le compartiment cultivé est faible. Les espèces diploïdes sauvages apparentées à l’arachide cultivée représentent un important réservoir d’allèles nouveaux utilisables pour élargir le pool génique du cultigène. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’augmenter les marges de progression en amélioration de l’arachide par recours aux ressources génétiques sauvages. Nous avons développé une population BC1F1 à partir du croisement entre Fleur11 et un amphidiploïde synthétique (A. ipaensis x A. duranensis)x4 qui associe les génomes des plus probables progéniteurs sauvages de l’espèce cultivée. Nous avons d’abord construit une carte génétique comprenant 298 loci positionnés sur 21 groupes de liaison avec une taille totale de 1843.7 cM. Nous avons ensuite conduit une analyse AB-QTL pour plusieurs caractères impliqués dans la productivité, l’adaptation et la domestication de l’arachide. Au total, nous avons cartographié 95 QTL. Pour plusieurs QTL, les effets positifs sont associés aux allèles provenant des espèces sauvages. Nous avons aussi identifié trois régions du génome qui portent des empreintes de la domestication. Nous avons enfin développé une population de 122 lignées d’introgression à l’aide d’une stratégie de sélection assistée par marqueurs. L’ensemble des groupes de liaison sont couverts avec des fragments chevauchants, issus des donneurs sauvages, d’une taille moyenne de 39.2 cM et chaque lignée comprend en moyenne 1.2 fragments. Nous avons par ailleurs discuté l’utilisation de cette collection de lignées d’introgression pour des applications de sélection et de génétique. Nos résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives pour l’amélioration de l’arachide par croisement avec les espèces sauvages apparentées. Mots-clés : Arachis hypogaea, cartographie de QTL, domestication, ressources génétiques sauvages, polyploïdes, tolérance à la sécheresse, amélioration. ABSTRACT Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is considered to be an allotetraploid (2n = 4x = 40) originated from a single hybridization event between two wild diploids followed by spontaneous chromosomes duplication. Cultivated peanut harbours a limited genetic diversity. Peanut wild relatives represent an important source of novel alleles that could be used to broaden the gene pool of the cultigen. The general objective of this work is to enhance the rate of progress in peanut breeding using wild species resources. We developed a BC1F1 population from the cross between Fleur11 and a synthetic amphidiploid (A. ipaensis x A. duranensis)x4 that combines the genomes of the most probable wild progenitors of the cultigen. We first developed a SSR based genetic map of 298 loci on 21 linkage groups, spanning a total map distance of 1843.7 cM. We then conducted a detailed AB-QTL analysis for several traits involved in peanut productivity and adaptation as well as in the domestication syndrome. We mapped a total of 95 QTLs. About half of the QTL positive effects were associated with alleles of the wild parents. We identified three genomic regions which bear footprints of domestication. We finally developed, through a marker assisted backcross strategy, an exotic introgression library of 122 lines. This population, which has in average 1.2 fragments per line, allows covering all linkage groups with overlapping wild donor fragments of 39.2 cM length in average. The utilization of the exotic introgression lines library for breeding and genetics is discussed. Our findings open new avenues for peanut improvement using wild relatives. Keywords: Arachis hypogaea, QTL mapping, domestication, wild relatives, polyploid, drought tolerance, breeding. 2 REMERCIEMENTS Ah ! Nous y voilà ! Je commençais à ne plus y croire… Des études pifométriques ont montré que les remerciements sont très certainement la rubrique de la thèse la plus « widely consulted ». Alors or-ga-ni-sons nous ! Une structuration en chapitres s’impose. Chapitre I. Les officiels Mes remerciements s’adressent aux institutions CIRAD, GCP et CERAAS pour avoir créé les conditions financière et d’accueil nécessaires à la réalisation de ces travaux de thèse. Je voudrais remercier tout particulièrement Jean-François Rami et Jean-Christophe Glaszmann pour avoir su mobiliser les ressources financières durant ces trois années de thèse et Ousmane Ndoye pour avoir facilité mon accueil au CERAAS et au CNRA de Bambey durant mes séjours au Sénégal. J’aimerais aussi remercier chaleureusement ma directrice de thèse, Brigitte Courtois, pour sa rigueur et ses encouragements, Jean-François Rami, pour son encadrement de proximité, et les membres de mon comité de thèse : Mathilde Causse, Mathias Lorieux, David Bertioli, Nourollah Ahmadi, Angélique D’Hont et Delphine Luquet pour leurs conseils avisés. Mes remerciements vont aussi à l’endroit des scientifiques émérites (c’est fayot, je sais !) qui ont bien voulu participer à mon Jury de thèse : André Charrier, Gilles Charmet, Frédéric Hospital, Laurent Grivet, Brigitte Courtois et Jean-François Rami (encore lui ! et ce n’est pas fini, il s’est investi il sera remercié…). Mes remerciements s’adressent aussi à tous les chercheurs de l’équipe SRG. Chapitre II. Les collègues et amis I. 1 Du CIRAD et du CERAAS Si le doctorat était un diplôme communautaire, je l’aurai partagé volontiers avec Tossim, Ronan, Hélène, Elodie et Fabien car sans leur disponibilité et leur professionnalisme je ne serai très certainement pas arrivé au bout de cette thèse. Cependant, la thèse étant une production d’UN esprit, l’aboutissement d’UN travail de recherche, UN exercice académique validé par l’obtention d’UN grade universitaire… (lu dans le guide pour la rédaction et la présentation des thèses), je ne peux donc pas en partager la sanction avec vous. Je me contenterai de vous remercier. Je voudrais aussi remercier mes collègues doctorants d’hier, Sophie, Julie et d’aujourd’hui, Julien, avec qui j’ai partagé, en plus d’un bureau, mes réflexions prospectives et souvenirs d’Ancien, problèmes de papiers et visions politiques… Merci à Claire Billot (source inépuisable d’info pratiques et d’astuces) et à David Pot (Grand Emprunteur devant l’éternel !) pour leur présence et les moments de rigolade (et il y en a eu !) durant ces trois années. J’adresse aussi mes remerciements à Aida pour sa générosité, son hospitalité et sa joie de vivre, à Mbaye Ndoye Sall, Issa Faye et aux compagnons doctorants du Ceraas : Roger (roi du agouti fumé), Ambroise (ambassadeur du kédjénou), Sali, Patrice, Eric, que la bière soit avec vous ! Un grand merci à la famille Muller sise à « Angueule Meule » Thiès. Merci à Angel (pourquoi pas nous ?), à Céline (rdv dans 10 ans !), Cécile (non je ne joue pas dans Dr House !), Mr Mournet (directeur sportif rugby touch), à Jean-Baptiste (lo mougn mou diekh !), Caroline (je ne sais pas quoi dire), Delphine (tu tiens le bon bout), Olivier et Cyril (vive St Malo et la polyploïdie), Mumu, Giang, Camille, Ablanvi… 3 I. 2 D’ici et d’ailleurs Merci à toute la bande de joyeux lurons avec qui j’ai passé de supers moments à Montpellier : Baptiste Adam, Hélène Vergne, Grogro Barnaud, Adeline Bottalico, Eric Mirouz, Marie Lacombe, Jean-François Pak, Lai Ting Rami, Patrick Berthouly, Anne Heuret…et au sponsor officiel de nos fêtes : la brasserie des Garrigues (elle est quand même bonne hein !) Chapitre III. Les familles J’aimerais dire un grand merci à mes parents qui ont toujours pensé que je ferai de longues études. Ils me disaient : « tu me feras de grandes études mon fils ». J’en étais pas particulièrement persuadé, je ne sais pas non plus d’où ils tenaient ces infos et cette confiance en moi, mais ça a dû très certainement me motiver à toujours donner le meilleur de moi- même. J’aimerais aussi remercier mes frères Loulou, Yvon et Jean-Michel pour leur soutien sans faille (en ouolof ça se dit « dem ba diekh ») en toute circonstance, mes sœurs, mes beaux-frères, mes neveux et nièces (je vous passe les prénoms parce que « famille africaine là c’est beaucoup dé ! ») et enfin tonton Dief (un oncle d’emprunt). Un grand merci à ma belle famille Dominique, Rosalie, Aymeric et Marie pour leur soutien. Chapitre IV. Les saugrenus Merci aux génies créateurs Ramiesque et Danielesque, pour avoir conçu le polyapplicateur®, structure en PVC plate et percée d’orifices régulièrement répartis, permettant de plonger simultanément 38 tubes eppendorf (2 ml) dans un récipient d’azote liquide et de les disposer (toujours avec la même simultanéité !) dans un bloc pour vibro-broyeur MM301 sans se brûler les doigts ! Merci au feuilleton politico-judiciaire Woerth-Bettencourt qui a permis de combler, par l’abondance de ses rebondissements, toutes mes périodes de panne d’inspiration. Chapitre V. Les hors-catégories J’aimerais enfin dire un immense merci à ma femme Aurélie qui m’a toujours soutenu dans toutes mes entreprises, mais particulièrement pendant ces trois années de thèse. Tu as su supporter et gérer mes absences, mes périodes stress, mes angoisses, trouver les mots justes pour me motiver dans les moments de doute.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Peanut Genome Initiative Final Report
    2012-2017 PGI Final Report Page | 1 Peanut Genome Initiative 2012-2017 Research Accomplishment Report to the U.S. Peanut Industry December 5, 2017 2012-2017 PGI Final Report Page | 2 Peanut Genome Initiative Research Final Report to the U.S. Peanut Industry October, 2017 Table of Contents Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………….. 3 Highlights of Research Accomplishments ……….………………………………. 6 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………… 7 Research Technical Accomplishment Reports …………..………………………… 9 Component 1: Sequencing and Assembly of Peanut Genomes ……….……….. 9 Component 2: Developing Maps and Markers for finding QTL ………….…… 8 Component 3: Developing Markers for Specific Genes in QTL ……………… 15 Component 4: Evaluating New Sequencing and Assembly Technologies ….… 17 Component 5: Identifying Breeding Lines with QTL for Key Traits ……..…. 18 Component 6: Creating On-line Tools for Genome Assisted Breeding ………. 23 Where Do We go From Here? …………..……………………………………… 29 Appendices: ………………………………………………………………..……… 34 Appendix 1: Examples of Funding Leading to Additional Grant and Project Support …………..……………………………………… 34 Appendix 2: Meetings Sponsored by PGI ……………………………………… 35 Appendix 3: Examples of Key Traits That Reside in a Given Wild Arachis Species ………………………………………….……… 36 Appendix 4: Research Publications by PGI members & Associates Relevant to PGP ……………………………………………….. 37 Appendix 5: Sponsors Who Have Provided Financial Support for the Peanut Genome Initiative ………………….…………………….. 50 Appendix 6: Members of the Peanut Genome Consortium ……..……………. 52 Appendix 7: Terms and Definitions ………………………………………….. 53 2012-2017 PGI Final Report Page | 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Unlocking the Door to a Limitless Future: The Peanut Genome Initiative (PGI) In 2012, the U.S. peanut industry charged The Peanut Foundation with initiating a research program to map the genetic code of the peanut plant. The Peanut Genome Initiative (PGI) was — and remains — the largest research project ever funded by our industry, with the $6M cost shared equally among growers, shellers and manufacturers.
    [Show full text]
  • Peanuts and Prestige on the Peruvian North Coast: the Archaeology of Peanuts at Huaca Gallinazo (V-59) and Huaca Santa Clara (V-67)
    PEANUTS AND PRESTIGE ON THE PERUVIAN NORTH COAST: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF PEANUTS AT HUACA GALLINAZO (V-59) AND HUACA SANTA CLARA (V-67) by Lindi Jaclyn Masur B.A. (Hons), The University of Western Ontario, 2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Anthropology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) August 2012 © Lindi Jaclyn Masur, 2012 i ABSTRACT This thesis explores the role that a single species of plant, the peanut (Arachis hypogaea), played in pre-Hispanic North Coast communities of the Andes. Through a literature review of ethnohistoric accounts, Moche iconographic interpretation, and nutritional analysis, I explore the symbolic importance of the peanut, as well as other special properties that may have contributed to peanuts’ luxury status in the pre-Hispanic North Coast. This study documents the peanut’s use not only as a comestible, but also as a prestige good used in competitive feasts and for veneration of the dead. I show how the peanut was used both practically and symbolically in order to create and reify status differences between elites and commoners, and how this trend extends into the South Coast. Finally, I provide evidence for peanuts’ prestige association through a case study of the archaeobotanical remains from Huaca Gallinazo (V-59) and Huaca Santa Clara (V-67), two important Early Intermediate Period sites located in the Virú Valley and that were part of the Virú polity. ii PREFACE This research was funded in part by a Joseph-Armand Bombardier CGS – Master’s Award scholarship (award number #766-2011-4276) from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada, and a University of British Columbia Faculty of Arts Graduate Entrance Scholarship.
    [Show full text]
  • Protected Areas and the Challenge of Conserving Crop Wild Relatives
    PARKS 2012 Vol 18.1 PROTECTED AREAS AND THE CHALLENGE OF CONSERVING CROP WILD RELATIVES Danny Hunter1*, Nigel Maxted2, Vernon Heywood3, Shelagh Kell2 and Teresa Borelli1 * Corresponding author, [email protected] 1 Bioversity International, Rome, Italy 2 School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom 3 School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, United Kingdom ABSTRACT Crop wild relatives are a critical resource for sustaining future food security. It is widely recognized that many of the world’s protected areas contain CWR diversity. Despite this, it has not yet proved possible to undertake significant actions to conserve the CWR they contain. Many challenges and obstacles need to be addressed in order to improve this situation. Recent initiatives have started to address these challenges and uncovered some key lessons. Still, the need for action is urgent and the paper concludes by drawing attention to the need for a global approach to conserving priority and threatened CWR in the wild. INTRODUCTION worth noting that the same study found breeders’ use of CWR taxa was increasing year on year, even though it Crop wild relatives (CWR) - wild plant species closely was recognized that they were still far from being related to crops to which they may contribute beneficial systematically exploited. genes - constitute an enormous reservoir of genetic variation for crop improvement and are an important Some idea of the scale of benefits may be obtained from socio-economic resource. Genes from wild plants have published estimates referring to a selected number of provided crops with resistance to many pests and crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Parientes Silvestres De Los Cultivos Manual Para La Conservación in Situ
    Parientes Silvestres de los Cultivos Manual para la Conservación In Situ Editado por Danny Hunter y Vernon Heywood AGENCIA SUIZA PARA EL DESARROLLO Y LA COOPERACION COSUDE Editado por Danny Hunter Parientes Silvestres de los Cultivos y Vernon Heywood Manual para la Conservación In Situ Parientes Silvestres de los Cultivos Manual para la Conservación In Situ Editado por Danny Hunter y Vernon Heywood Traducción: Alexandra Walter Este libro es una traducción autorizada de Crop wild relatives: a manual of in situ conservation - ISBN: 9781849711791, publicado por Earthscan (Londres, 2011). Fotos en la portada: Agricultores en un campo de quinua en Bolivia, © M. Pinto, Fundación PROINPA; Cucurbitaceas silvestres, Sri Lanka © A. Wijesekara; Arroz silvestre, Oryza nivara, Sri Lanka © R.S.S. Ratnayake ; Ciruelo silvestre, Prunus divaricata, Armenia © A. Lane Cita: Hunter D, Heywood V, editores. 2011. Parientes silvestres de los cultivos: manual para la conservación in situ. Bioversity International, Roma, Italia. 1ª. ed. ISBN 978-92-9043-886-1 © Bioversity International, 2012 Bioversity International Via dei Tre Denari 472/a 00057 Maccarese Roma, Italia Bioversity International es el nombre bajo el cual opera el Instituto Internacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos (IPGRI). Contenido Página Agradecimientos y contribuciones iv Prólogo xv Prefacio xvii Acrónimos xxii Primera Parte: Introducción 1 Introducción y antecedentes 3 2 Los parientes silvestres de los cultivos en los países del proyecto 39 3 ¿Qué es la conservación in situ de los PSC? 57 Segunda
    [Show full text]
  • (Arachis Hypogaea) and Its Most Closely Related Wild Species Using
    Annals of Botany 111: 113–126, 2013 doi:10.1093/aob/mcs237, available online at www.aob.oxfordjournals.org A study of the relationships of cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and its most closely related wild species using intron sequences and microsatellite markers Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-abstract/111/1/113/182224 by University of Georgia Libraries user on 29 November 2018 Ma´rcio C. Moretzsohn1,*, Ediene G. Gouvea1,2, Peter W. Inglis1, Soraya C. M. Leal-Bertioli1, Jose´ F. M. Valls1 and David J. Bertioli2 1Embrapa Recursos Gene´ticos e Biotecnologia, C.P. 02372, CEP 70.770-917, Brası´lia, DF, Brazil and 2Universidade de Brası´lia, Instituto de Cieˆncias Biolo´gicas, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 70.910-900, Brası´lia-DF, Brazil * For correspondence. E-mail [email protected] Received: 25 June 2012 Returned for revision: 17 August 2012 Accepted: 2 October 2012 Published electronically: 6 November 2012 † Background and Aims The genus Arachis contains 80 described species. Section Arachis is of particular interest because it includes cultivated peanut, an allotetraploid, and closely related wild species, most of which are diploids. This study aimed to analyse the genetic relationships of multiple accessions of section Arachis species using two complementary methods. Microsatellites allowed the analysis of inter- and intraspecific vari- ability. Intron sequences from single-copy genes allowed phylogenetic analysis including the separation of the allotetraploid genome components. † Methods Intron sequences and microsatellite markers were used to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships in section Arachis through maximum parsimony and genetic distance analyses. † Key Results Although high intraspecific variability was evident, there was good support for most species.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy of the Genus Arachis (Leguminosae)
    BONPLANDIA16 (Supi): 1-205.2007 BONPLANDIA 16 (SUPL.): 1-205. 2007 TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ARACHIS (LEGUMINOSAE) by AntonioKrapovickas1 and Walton C. Gregory2 Translatedby David E. Williams3and Charles E. Simpson4 director,Instituto de Botánicadel Nordeste, Casilla de Correo209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina, deceased.Formerly WNR Professor ofCrop Science, Emeritus, North Carolina State University, USA. 'InternationalAffairs Specialist, USDA Foreign Agricultural Service, Washington, DC 20250,USA. 4ProfessorEmeritus, Texas Agrie. Exp. Stn., Texas A&M Univ.,Stephenville, TX 76401,USA. 7 This content downloaded from 195.221.60.18 on Tue, 24 Jun 2014 00:12:00 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions BONPLANDIA16 (Supi), 2007 Table of Contents Abstract 9 Resumen 10 Introduction 12 History of the Collections 15 Summary of Germplasm Explorations 18 The Fruit of Arachis and its Capabilities 20 "Sócias" or Twin Species 24 IntraspecificVariability 24 Reproductive Strategies and Speciation 25 Dispersion 27 The Sections of Arachis ; 27 Arachis L 28 Key for Identifyingthe Sections 33 I. Sect. Trierectoides Krapov. & W.C. Gregorynov. sect. 34 Key for distinguishingthe species 34 II. Sect. Erectoides Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 40 Key for distinguishingthe species 41 III. Sect. Extranervosae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 67 Key for distinguishingthe species 67 IV. Sect. Triseminatae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 83 V. Sect. Heteranthae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 85 Key for distinguishingthe species 85 VI. Sect. Caulorrhizae Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 94 Key for distinguishingthe species 95 VII. Sect. Procumbentes Krapov. & W.C. Gregory nov. sect. 99 Key for distinguishingthe species 99 VIII. Sect.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome Amplification 81
    Application of high performance compute technology in bioinformatics Sven Warris Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr D. de Ridder Professor of Bioinformatics Wageningen University & Research Co-promotor Dr J.P. Nap Professor of Life Sciences & Renewable Energy Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen Other members Prof. Dr B. Tekinerdogan, Wageningen University & Research Prof. Dr R.C.H.J. van Ham, Delft University of Technology & KeyGene N.V., Wageningen Dr P. Prins, University of Tennessee, USA Prof. Dr R.V. van Nieuwpoort, Netherlands eScience Center, Amsterdam Application of high performance compute technology in bioinformatics Sven Warris Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Tuesday 22 October 2019 at 4:00 p.m. in the Aula Sven Warris Application of high performance compute technology in bioinformatics, 159 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands (2019) With references, with summaries in English and Dutch ISBN: 978-94-6395-112-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18174/499180 Table of contents 1 Introduction 9 2 Fast selection of miRNA candidates based on large- scale pre-computed MFE sets of randomized sequences 27 3 Flexible, fast and accurate sequence alignment profiling on GPGPU with PaSWAS 47 4 pyPaSWAS: Python-based multi-core CPU and GPU sequence alignment 67 5 Correcting palindromes in long reads after whole- genome amplification 81 6 Mining functional annotations across species 103 7 General discussion 125 Summary 141 Samenvatting 145 Acknowledgements 149 Curriculum vitae 153 List of publications 155 Propositions 159 7 1 Introduction 9 Advances in DNA sequencing technology In recent years, technological developments in the life sciences have progressed enormously.
    [Show full text]
  • Developing Methodologies for the Global in Situ Conservation of Crop
    Developing methodologies for the global in situ conservation of crop wild relatives By Holly A. Vincent A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Biosciences The University of Birmingham June 2016 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSTRACT Climate change is predicted to have far-reaching deleterious impacts worldwide; agriculture in particular is expected to be effected by significant loss of suitable land and crop yields in the world’s most populous and poorest regions. Crop wild relatives (CWR) are a rich source of underutilised genetic diversity which could help to mitigate climate change for agriculture through breeding new resilient varieties. However, CWR are under-conserved and threatened in the wild. This thesis researches and develops systematic methodologies to advance knowledge and support action on in situ CWR conservation at the global level. Methods included developing a global inventory of CWR associated with crops important for food security worldwide, species distribution modelling, climate change analysis, in situ gap analysis, reserve planning and prioritisation, and, examining the congruence of CWR distributions with regions of high biodiversity and crop diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • CITOGENÉTICA MOLECULAR DA VARIEDADE BRS PÉROLA BRANCA (Arachis Hypogaea L.) E DE SEUS GENITORES
    VANESSA EMANUELLE DE OLIVEIRA MACIEL CITOGENÉTICA MOLECULAR DA VARIEDADE BRS PÉROLA BRANCA (Arachis hypogaea L.) E DE SEUS GENITORES RECIFE 2014 VANESSA EMANUELLE DE OLIVEIRA MACIEL CITOGENÉTICA MOLECULAR DA VARIEDADE BRS PÉROLA BRANCA (Arachis hypogaea L.) E DE SEUS GENITORES Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia– Melhoramento Genético de Plantas (PPGAMGP) da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de mestre. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Reginaldo De Carvalho Co-Orientadoras: Dra. Roseane Cavalcanti dos Santos Dra. Lidiane de Lima Feitoza RECIFE 2014 MACIEL, V.E.O. Citogenética molecular da variedade BRS Pérola Branca (Arachis hypogaea L.)... i VANESSA EMANUELLE DE OLIVEIRA MACIEL CITOGENÉTICA MOLECULAR DA VARIEDADE BRS PÉROLA BRANCA (Arachis hypogaea L.) E DE SEUS GENITORES Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia–Melhoramento Genético de Plantas (PPGAMGP) da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de mestre em Melhoramento Genético de Plantas. Dissertação defendida e aprovada pela banca examinadora em: 28/07/2014. ORIENTADOR: Dr. Reginaldo de Carvalho Departamento de Biologia/UFRPE EXAMINADORES: Dr. Edson Ferreira da Silva Departamento de Biologia/UFRPE Dra. Maria Rita Cabral Sales de Melo MACIEL, V.E.O. Citogenética molecular da variedade BRS Pérola Branca (Arachis hypogaea L.)... ii Dedico a minha amada avó, Maria da Glória Rodrigues (In memoriam). MACIEL, V.E.O. Citogenética molecular da variedade BRS Pérola Branca (Arachis hypogaea L.)... iii AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente, a Deus por me proporcionar a conclusão de mais uma etapa em minha formação profissional. Aos meus pais, Ivônia Rodrigues de Oliveira e Manoel José Alves Maciel e, a minha querida avó, Maria da Glória Rodrigues (In memoriam), que são os meus pilares, por todo incentivo e ensinamento de valores fundamentais para a minha vida.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterization of the Arachis (Leguminosae) D Genome Using Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) Chromosome Markers and Total Genome DNA Hybridization
    Genetics and Molecular Biology, 31, 3, 717-724 (2008) Copyright © 2008, Sociedade Brasileira de Genética. Printed in Brazil www.sbg.org.br Research Article Characterization of the Arachis (Leguminosae) D genome using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) chromosome markers and total genome DNA hybridization Germán Robledo1 and Guillermo Seijo1,2 1Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina. 2Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales y Agrimensura, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina. Abstract Chromosome markers were developed for Arachis glandulifera using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of the 5S and 45S rRNA genes and heterochromatic 4’-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) positive bands. We used chro- mosome landmarks identified by these markers to construct the first Arachis species ideogram in which all the ho- mologous chromosomes were precisely identified. The comparison of this ideogram with those published for other Arachis species revealed very poor homeologies with all A and B genome taxa, supporting the special genome con- stitution (D genome) of A. glandulifera. Genomic affinities were further investigated by dot blot hybridization of biotinylated A. glandulifera total DNA to DNA from several Arachis species, the results indicating that the D genome is positioned between the A and B genomes. Key words: chromosome markers, DAPI bands, rDNA loci, dot blot hybridization, genome relationships. Received: June 29, 2007; Accepted: November 22, 2007. Introduction row et al., 2001; Simpson, 2001; Mallikarjuna, 2002; Mal- The genus Arachis comprises 80 wild species and the likarjuna et al., 2004). For this reason, great efforts have cultivated crop Arachis hypogaea L. (Fabales, Legumi- been directed towards understanding the relationships be- nosae) commonly known as groundnut or peanut.
    [Show full text]
  • Simple Approach for Species Discrimination of Fabaceae Family on the Basis of Length Variation in PCR Amplified Products Using Barcode Primers
    Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) 7(12): 921-928 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 12 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.712.115 Simple Approach for Species Discrimination of Fabaceae Family on the Basis of Length Variation in PCR Amplified Products Using Barcode Primers Sumana Sikdar1*, Sharad Tiwari2, Swapnil Sapre1 and Vishwa Vijay Thakur3 1Biotechnology Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India 2Department of Plant breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Agricultural University, Jabalpur 482004, India 3ICAR-IINRG, Namkum Ranchi- 834010, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Fabaceae is one of the most diversified and complex family of flowering plants. The important pulses and the medicinally important plant species under this family have a high market value. Now a day, adulteration in the food and herbal medicinal products has become a severe problem. Adulteration of therapeutic herbs and major pulses with related K e yw or ds or conflicting species has proved to be hazardous to human health in several cases. We Barcode primers, have projected here, a PCR-based method using some of the major universal DNA barcode PCR, Agarose gel primers from the plastid region to address this problem. The basic idea behind this study electrophoresis, was to utilize the amplicon length polymorphisms exhibited by these primers to Adulteration, differentiate the plant species. PCR amplification success and species discrimination Fabaceae ability of five major DNA barcode primers (trnH-psbA, trnL, atpF-atpH, matK and rbcL) Article Info was studied among 24 representative plant species of Fabaceae family.
    [Show full text]
  • Resistência Ao Tripes-Do-Prateamento E Seleção Em Genótipos Interespecíficos De Amendoim
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS E VETERINÁRIAS CÂMPUS DE JABOTICABAL RESISTÊNCIA AO TRIPES-DO-PRATEAMENTO E SELEÇÃO EM GENÓTIPOS INTERESPECÍFICOS DE AMENDOIM Melina Zacarelli Pirotta Bióloga 2016 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS E VETERINÁRIAS CÂMPUS DE JABOTICABAL RESISTÊNCIA AO TRIPES-DO-PRATEAMENTO E SELEÇÃO EM GENÓTIPOS INTERESPECÍFICOS DE AMENDOIM Melina Zacarelli Pirotta Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli Coorientadores: Dr. Ignácio José de Godoy e Dr. Marcos Doniseti Michelotto Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) 2016 Pirotta, Melina Zacarelli P672r Resistência ao tripes-do-prateamento e seleção em genótipos interespecíficos de amendoim / Melina Zacarelli Pirotta. – – Jaboticabal, 2016 xiii, 86 p. : il. ; 29 cm Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2016 Orientadora: Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli Coorientadores: Ignácio José de Godoy, Marcos Doniseti Michelotto Banca examinadora: Gustavo Vitti Môro, Ivana Marino Bárbaro Bibliografia 1. Análise de agrupamento. 2. Arachis hypogaea L. 3. Componentes principais. 4. Enneothrips flavens. 5. REML/BLUP. I. Título. II. Jaboticabal-Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias. CDU 631.52:634.58 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Seção Técnica de Aquisição e Tratamento da Informação – Serviço Técnico de Biblioteca e Documentação - UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. DADOS CURRICULARES DA AUTORA Melina Zacarelli Pirotta – filha de Antônio Paulo Pirotta e Silmara Cristina Zacarelli, nasceu no município de Catanduva, SP em 19 de dezembro de 1988. Iniciou o curso de Ciências Biológicas no Instituto Municipal de Ensino Superior de Catanduva (IMES – Catanduva) no primeiro semestre de 2008, obtendo o grau de licenciatura plena em 2010 e bacharelado em 2013.
    [Show full text]