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Resistência Ao Tripes-Do-Prateamento E Seleção Em Genótipos Interespecíficos De Amendoim

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Resistência Ao Tripes-Do-Prateamento E Seleção Em Genótipos Interespecíficos De Amendoim UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS E VETERINÁRIAS CÂMPUS DE JABOTICABAL RESISTÊNCIA AO TRIPES-DO-PRATEAMENTO E SELEÇÃO EM GENÓTIPOS INTERESPECÍFICOS DE AMENDOIM Melina Zacarelli Pirotta Bióloga 2016 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS E VETERINÁRIAS CÂMPUS DE JABOTICABAL RESISTÊNCIA AO TRIPES-DO-PRATEAMENTO E SELEÇÃO EM GENÓTIPOS INTERESPECÍFICOS DE AMENDOIM Melina Zacarelli Pirotta Orientadora: Profa. Dra. Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli Coorientadores: Dr. Ignácio José de Godoy e Dr. Marcos Doniseti Michelotto Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) 2016 Pirotta, Melina Zacarelli P672r Resistência ao tripes-do-prateamento e seleção em genótipos interespecíficos de amendoim / Melina Zacarelli Pirotta. – – Jaboticabal, 2016 xiii, 86 p. : il. ; 29 cm Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2016 Orientadora: Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli Coorientadores: Ignácio José de Godoy, Marcos Doniseti Michelotto Banca examinadora: Gustavo Vitti Môro, Ivana Marino Bárbaro Bibliografia 1. Análise de agrupamento. 2. Arachis hypogaea L. 3. Componentes principais. 4. Enneothrips flavens. 5. REML/BLUP. I. Título. II. Jaboticabal-Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias. CDU 631.52:634.58 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Seção Técnica de Aquisição e Tratamento da Informação – Serviço Técnico de Biblioteca e Documentação - UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal. DADOS CURRICULARES DA AUTORA Melina Zacarelli Pirotta – filha de Antônio Paulo Pirotta e Silmara Cristina Zacarelli, nasceu no município de Catanduva, SP em 19 de dezembro de 1988. Iniciou o curso de Ciências Biológicas no Instituto Municipal de Ensino Superior de Catanduva (IMES – Catanduva) no primeiro semestre de 2008, obtendo o grau de licenciatura plena em 2010 e bacharelado em 2013. Nos anos de 2009 a 2013, realizou estágio supervisionado na Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios (APTA), Polo Regional Centro Norte em Pindorama, SP. Nos anos de 2009 e 2010 foi bolsista da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) e, de 2011 a 2013 foi bolsista de Aperfeiçoamento Técnico da Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa Agrícola (FUNDAG) no Centro de Análise e Pesquisa Tecnológica do Agronegócio de Grãos e Fibras do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (IAC). No decorrer dos estágios auxiliou no desenvolvimento de projetos científicos nas áreas de Ciências Biológicas e Agronomia. Em 2014 ingressou no curso de Mestrado em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) na Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - Câmpus de Jaboticabal, sob orientação da Professora Dra. Sandra Helena Unêda –Trevisoli e coorientação dos Drs. Ignácio José de Godoy e Marcos Doniseti Michelotto, como bolsista da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), possibilitando a elaboração deste trabalho. “ Desejo que você: Não tenha medo da vida, tenha medo de não vivê-la. Não há céu sem tempestades, nem caminhos sem acidentes. Só é digno do pódio quem usa as derrotas para alcançá-lo. Só é digno da sabedoria quem usa as lágrimas para irrigá-la. Os frágeis usam a força; os fortes, a inteligência. Seja um sonhador, mas una seus sonhos com disciplina, Pois sonhos sem disciplina produzem pessoas frustradas. Seja um debatedor de ideias. Lute pelo que você ama! ” Augusto Cury Dedico A Deus, pela existência. À minha família, pelo carinho, amor, apoio e dedicação. Por eles tenho eterna gratidão. AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente a Deus. Aos meus amados pais, Antônio Paulo Pirotta e Silmara Cristina Zacarelli, e irmão Paulo Marcel Zacarelli Pirotta, por todo amor, carinho, apoio e incentivo dedicados a mim. Aos meus queridos avós Antônio Carlos Zacarelli e Hermínia Carvalho Zacarelli, pelo grande exemplo de vida e por sempre terem acreditado em mim. À Universidade Estadual Paulista - FCAV/Unesp, Câmpus de Jaboticabal e ao Departamento de Produção Vegetal pela estrutura e oportunidade de realização do curso de mestrado. À minha orientadora professora Dra. Sandra Helena Unêda-Trevisoli pela orientação com muito profissionalismo e competência, pelos conhecimentos fornecidos, dedicação, compreensão e amizade sem os quais não seria possível a realização deste trabalho. Aos meus coorientadores Dr. Ignácio José de Godoy (Pesquisador Científico do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas) e Dr. Marcos Doniseti Michelotto (Pesquisador Científico da Apta, Polo Regional Centro Norte) pelas valiosas sugestões, ensinamentos e contribuições no desenvolvimento deste trabalho, além da grande amizade dedicada. À Alessandra Pereira Fávero (Pesquisadora Científica da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) pelo fornecimento das sementes do cruzamento que deram origem às populações segregantes estudadas no presente trabalho. A todos os docentes do programa de Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas e todos os professores do Departamento de Produção Vegetal pelos ensinamentos. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela concessão da bolsa de mestrado. Ao diretor da Apta, Polo Regional Centro Norte, Dr. Antônio Lúcio Mello Martins pela colaboração e autorização para implantação do experimento na unidade de pesquisa, no município de Pindorama, SP. Aos estagiários da Apta, Polo Regional Centro Norte que participaram ativamente de todas as fases que envolveram este trabalho, agradeço pela ajuda, amizade e companheirismo. Deixo meus agradecimentos a Tamiris Marion de Souza, Isabela Fiocchi, Rômulo Sensuline Valaretto, Luiz Eduardo Prado Lamana, André Luis Menezes Sales, Lucas Zambelli Migliaccio Miguel, Ludmila de Paula, Mônica Helena Martins e Paulo Sérgio Cordeiro Júnior. A todos os funcionários da Apta, Polo Regional Centro Norte, em especial aos funcionários de campo pela colaboração na condução dos experimentos. Aos amigos do Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Fabiana, Elise, Bruno, Amanda, Aretha, Alysson, Wallace, Cleber, Éder, Eduardo, Daniel, Suelen e Anália. À amiga Fabiana Mota da Silva pela colaboração nas análises estatísticas, amizade e companheirismo. Aos grandes amigos de todos os momentos Willians César Carrega, Tamiris Marion de Souza, Beatriz Cristina Zacarelli e Jaqueline Campos Jordão, obrigada pela amizade, companheirismo, conversas e conselhos nos momentos de dificuldade. Aos membros da banca de qualificação professor Dr. Rinaldo César de Paula e professor Dr. Antônio Carlos Busoli pelas contribuições e auxílios fornecidos. Aos membros da banca de defesa professor Dr. Gustavo Vitti Môro e Dra. Ivana Marino Bárbaro-Torneli pelas valiosas contribuições. A todos que contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho de forma direta ou indireta, muito obrigada. x SUMÁRIO Página RESUMO................................................................................................................... xii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................... xiii CAPÍTULO 1 – CONSIDERAÇÕES GERAIS .............................................................. 1 1 INTRODUÇÃO ......................................................................................................... 1 2 REVISÃO DE LITERATURA .................................................................................... 3 2.1 A cultura do amendoim e sua importância econômica ...................................... 3 2.2 O gênero Arachis L. ........................................................................................... 4 2.3 Potencial da exploração do germoplasma silvestre de Arachis e a introgressão de genes visando resistência ...................................................................................... 6 2.4 O tripes-do-prateamento (Enneothrips flavens, Moulton) e as possibilidades de resistência em germoplasma silvestre ...................................................................... 10 2.5 Análise multivariada ......................................................................................... 12 2.5.1 Análise de componentes principais .......................................................... 13 2.5.2 Análise de agrupamentos ......................................................................... 15 2.5.2.1 Análise de agrupamento pelo método de Ward .................................. 16 2.5.2.2 Análise de agrupamento pelo método K-means ................................. 17 3 REFERÊNCIAS ...................................................................................................... 18 CAPÍTULO 2 - RESISTÊNCIA AO Enneothrips flavens Moulton (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) E ESTIMATIVA DE PARÂMETROS GENÉTICOS EM GENÓTIPOS INTERESPECÍFICOS DE AMENDOIM ..................................................................... 30 RESUMO................................................................................................................... 30 1 INTRODUÇÃO ....................................................................................................... 31 2 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS ....................................................................................... 32 2.1 Local do experimento ....................................................................................... 32 2.2 Obtenção e condução das progênies segregantes .........................................
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