Benito Mussolini Declares War
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LETTER to G20, IMF, WORLD BANK, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS and NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
LETTER TO G20, IMF, WORLD BANK, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT BANKS and NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS We write to call for urgent action to address the global education emergency triggered by Covid-19. With over 1 billion children still out of school because of the lockdown, there is now a real and present danger that the public health crisis will create a COVID generation who lose out on schooling and whose opportunities are permanently damaged. While the more fortunate have had access to alternatives, the world’s poorest children have been locked out of learning, denied internet access, and with the loss of free school meals - once a lifeline for 300 million boys and girls – hunger has grown. An immediate concern, as we bring the lockdown to an end, is the fate of an estimated 30 million children who according to UNESCO may never return to school. For these, the world’s least advantaged children, education is often the only escape from poverty - a route that is in danger of closing. Many of these children are adolescent girls for whom being in school is the best defence against forced marriage and the best hope for a life of expanded opportunity. Many more are young children who risk being forced into exploitative and dangerous labour. And because education is linked to progress in virtually every area of human development – from child survival to maternal health, gender equality, job creation and inclusive economic growth – the education emergency will undermine the prospects for achieving all our 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and potentially set back progress on gender equity by years. -
Fascism Rises in Europe
3 Fascism Rises in Europe MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES POWER AND AUTHORITY In These dictators changed the •fascism •Nazism response to political turmoil and course of history, and the world • Benito • Mein Kampf economic crises, Italy and is still recovering from their Mussolini • lebensraum Germany turned to totalitarian abuse of power. • Adolf Hitler dictators. SETTING THE STAGE Many democracies, including the United States, Britain, and France, remained strong despite the economic crisis caused by the Great Depression. However, millions of people lost faith in democratic govern- ment. In response, they turned to an extreme system of government called fas- cism. Fascists promised to revive the economy, punish those responsible for hard times, and restore order and national pride. Their message attracted many people who felt frustrated and angered by the peace treaties that followed World War I and by the Great Depression. TAKING NOTES Fascism’s Rise in Italy Comparing and Contrasting Use a chart Fascism (FASH•IHZ•uhm) was a new, militant political movement that empha- to compare Mussolini's sized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. Unlike communism, fascism rise to power and his had no clearly defined theory or program. Nevertheless, most Fascists shared goals with Hitler's. several ideas. They preached an extreme form of nationalism, or loyalty to one’s country. Fascists believed that nations must struggle—peaceful states were Hitler Mussolini doomed to be conquered. They pledged loyalty to an authoritarian leader who Rise: Rise: guided and brought order to the state. In each nation, Fascists wore uniforms of a certain color, used special salutes, and held mass rallies. -
Youth, Gender, and Education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939 Jennifer L
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2015 The model of masculinity: Youth, gender, and education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939 Jennifer L. Nehrt James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Part of the European History Commons, History of Gender Commons, and the Social History Commons Recommended Citation Nehrt, Jennifer L., "The model of masculinity: Youth, gender, and education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939" (2015). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 66. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/66 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Model of Masculinity: Youth, Gender, and Education in Fascist Italy, 1922-1939 _______________________ An Honors Program Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Arts and Letters James Madison University _______________________ by Jennifer Lynn Nehrt May 2015 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of History, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Honors Program. FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS PROGRAM APPROVAL: Project Advisor: Jessica Davis, Ph.D. Philip Frana, Ph.D., Associate Professor, History Interim Director, Honors Program Reader: Emily Westkaemper, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, History Reader: Christian Davis, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, History PUBLIC PRESENTATION This work is accepted for presentation, in part or in full, at Honors Symposium on April 24, 2015. -
Unit I Spiral Exam – World War II (75 Points Total) PLEASE DO NO
Mr. Huesken 10th Grade United States History II Unit I Spiral Exam – World War II (75 points total) PLEASE DO NO WRITE ON THIS TEST DIRECTIONS – Please answer the following multiple-choice questions with the best possible answer. No answer will be used more than once. (45 questions @ 1 point each = 45 points) 1) All of the following were leaders of totalitarian governments in the 1930’s and 1940’s except: a. Joseph Stalin b. Francisco Franco. c. Benito Mussolini d. Neville Chamberlain. 2) In what country was the Fascist party and government formed? a. Italy b. Japan c. Spain d. Germany 3) The Battle of Britain forced Germany to do what to their war plans in Europe in 1942? a. Join the Axis powers. b. Fight a three-front war. c. Put off the invasion of Britain. d. Enter into a nonaggression pact with Britain. 4) The Nazis practiced genocide toward Jews, Gypsies, and other “undesirable” peoples in Europe. What does the term “genocide” mean? a. Acting out of anti-Semitic beliefs. b. Deliberate extermination of a specific group of people. c. Terrorizing of the citizens of a nation by a government. d. Killing of people for the express purpose of creating terror. 5) The term “blitzkrieg” was a military strategy that depended on what? a. A system of fortifications. b. Out-waiting the opponent. c. Surprise and quick, overwhelming force. d. The ability to make a long, steady advance. 6) In an effort to avoid a second “world war”, when did the Britain and France adopt a policy of appeasement toward Germany? a. -
Silvio Berlusconi Versus the Italian Legal System Brendan Quigley
Hastings International and Comparative Law Review Volume 34 Article 6 Number 2 Summer 2011 1-1-2011 Immunity, Italian Style: Silvio Berlusconi versus the Italian Legal System Brendan Quigley Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/ hastings_international_comparative_law_review Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Brendan Quigley, Immunity, Italian Style: Silvio Berlusconi versus the Italian Legal System, 34 Hastings Int'l & Comp. L. Rev. 435 (2011). Available at: https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_international_comparative_law_review/vol34/iss2/6 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hastings International and Comparative Law Review by an authorized editor of UC Hastings Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Immunity, Italian Style: Silvio Berlusconi Versus the Italian Legal System By BRENDAN QUIGLEY* I. Introduction On December 13, 2009, billionaire Italian Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi was struck in the face by a souvenir statuette while he was greeting a nighttime crowd in Milan.! News cameras captured him grimacing, face bloodied, as he ducked into a car and was rushed away to a nearby hospital. Ever meticulous about his polished appearance, the damage to Berlusconi's face - while not serious - seemed to mirror the battering that his political image had taken in the months prior and signaled an important, while perhaps unintended, message: Mr. Berlusconi is not immune to attack. The more serious assault on Berlusconi's power and influence, however, occurred a month earlier on October 7, 2009, when the Italian Constitutional Court overturned a law that granted immunity from prosecution to the holders of Italy's four highest public offices, the Prime Minister among them.3 This was of particular importance * Co-Editor in Chief, Hastings Internationaland Comparative Law Review. -
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TRANS-ATLANTIC-2019/02/07 1 THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION FALK AUDITORIUM ITALY, EUROPE, AND THE FUTURE OF TRANS-ATLANTIC RELATIONS Washington, D.C. Thursday, February 7, 2019 PARTICIPANTS: Introduction: JOHN R. ALLEN President The Brookings Institution Keynote Remarks: PAOLO GENTILONI Distinguished Fellow, Foreign Policy The Brookings Institution Moderator: THOMAS WRIGHT Senior Fellow and Director, Center on the United States and Europe The Brookings Institution * * * * * ANDERSON COURT REPORTING 1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 600 Alexandria, VA 22314 Phone (703) 519-7180 Fax (703) 519-7190 TRANS-ATLANTIC-2019/02/07 2 P R O C E E D I N G S GENERAL ALLEN: Ladies and gentlemen, welcome, and good morning. Wonderful to have you at the Brookings Institution this morning. My name is John Allen, I'm the president of the Institution and I have the honor today of introducing an event, which is sponsored by the Alan and Jane Batkin International Leaders Forum and the Robert Bosch Foundation, and we are deeply grateful for their continued support of the work that we do here today. We have the pleasure of being joined by a number of distinguished guests who will be joining for the entire event. But in particular we're very honored to have the former prime minister of Italy, Paolo Gentiloni, joining us this morning. And seated in the front row with him, and a very warm welcome to the Italian Ambassador Armando Varricchio and his wife, Micaela, and also the wife of Prime Minister Gentiloni, Emanuela. As well, Ambassador Schuwer is here this morning from the Netherlands. -
ITALY: Five Fascists
Da “Time”, 6 settembre 1943 ITALY: Five Fascists Fascismo's onetime bosses did not give up easily. Around five of them swirled report and rumor: Dead Fascist. Handsome, bemedaled Ettore Muti had been the "incarnation of Fascismo's warlike spirit," according to Notizie di Roma. Lieutenant colonel and "ace" of the air force, he had served in Ethiopia, Spain, Albania, Greece. He had been Party secretary when Italy entered World War II. Now the Badoglio Government, pressing its purge of blackshirts, charged him with graft. Reported the Rome radio: Ettore Muti, whipping out a revolver, resisted arrest by the carabinieri. In a wood on Rome's outskirts a fusillade crackled. Ettore Muti fell dead. Die-Hard Fascist. Swarthy, vituperative Roberto Farinacci had been Fascismo's hellion. He had ranted against the democracies, baited Israel and the Church, flayed Fascist weaklings. Ex-Party secretary and ex-minister of state, he had escaped to Germany after Benito Mussolini's fall. Now, in exile, he was apparently building a Fascist Iron Guard. A Swiss rumor said that Roberto Farinacci had clandestine Nazi help, that he plotted a coup to restore blackshirt power, that he would become pezzo grosso (big shot) of northern Italy once the Germans openly took hold of the Po Valley. Craven Fascist. Tough, demagogic Carlo Scorza had been Fascismo's No. 1 purger. Up & down his Tuscan territory, his ghenga (corruption of "gang") had bullied and blackmailed. He had amassed wealth, yet had denounced the wartime "fat and rich." Now, said a Bern report, Carlo Scorza wrote from prison to Vittorio Emanuele, offering his services to the crown. -
Letter from 55 Civil Society Organisations to EU Heads Of
To: Federal Chancellor of Austria, Sebastian Kurz; Prime Minister of Belgium, Charles Michel; Prime Minister of Bulgaria, Boyko Borissov; Prime Minister of Croatia, Andrej Plenkovic; President of the Republic of Cyprus, Nicos Anastasiades; Prime Minister of Czech Republic, Andrej Babis; Prime Minister of Denmark, Lars Lokke Rasmussen; Prime Minister of Estonia, Juri Ratas; Prime Minister of Finland, Juha Sipila; President of the Republic of France, Emmanuel Macron; Federal Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel; Prime Minister of Greece, Alexis Tsipras; Prime Minister of Hungary, Viktor Orban; Taoiseach of Ireland, Leo Varadkar; Prime Minister of Italy, Giuseppe Conte; Prime Minister of Latvia, Krisjanis Karins; President of Lithuania, Dalia Grybauskaite; Prime Minister of Luxembourg, Xavier Bettel; Prime Minister of Malta, Joseph Muscat; Prime Minister of the Netherlands, Mark Rutte; Prime Minister of Poland, Mateusz Morawiecki; Prime Minister of Portugal, Antonio Costa; President of Romania, Klaus Werner Iohannis; Prime Minister of Slovakia, Peter Pellegrini; Prime Minister of Slovenia, Marjan Sarec; President of the Government of Spain, Pedro Sanchez; Prime Minister of Sweden, Stefan Lofven. 7th May 2019 Dear Federal Chancellor/President/Prime Minister/Taoiseach, On behalf of 55 civil society organisations from across Europe, we are writing to you to urge you to nominate European commissioners who will support and serve present and future generations, and prioritise environment, quality of life and decent work. Every day, people across Europe struggle with growing poverty and inequality, deteriorating access to healthcare and worrying levels of youth unemployment. Meanwhile, many large companies pollute the environment, refuse to pay their fair share of taxes and wield disproportionate political influence. -
The Making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization And
The making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization and Legitimacy Sinan Celiksu Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 ©2014 Sinan Celiksu All rights reserved ABSTRACT The making of the Padanian Nation: Corruption, Hegemony, Globalization and Legitimacy Sinan Celiksu This dissertation examines the relationship between state failures and state legitimacy in Italy. The study is based on a one-year ethnographic field research in Varese City. The political party Northern League and its followers (Leghisti) has been chosen to observe the state-society relationships. It has been discovered that among others, three factors were instrumental in the process by which the state-society relationships has been deteriorated so as to open the path for an alternative legitimacy claim such as Padanian nationalism. Initially, revelations of political corruption and illegal state practices, failure of the state to address problems related to globalization such as global economic integration and uncontrolled immigration were instrumental. Later, struggle of hegemony and subjugation between the League and the state has been another important cause for deteriorated relationships. This study also provides qualitative data on the processes by which those deteriorated relationships and state failures contributed the rise of xenophobia and suggests that this failures of the state coupled with the problems brought about by the uncontrolled immigration and global economic expansion is likely to open a path for criminalization of both immigrants and local people. Table of Contents LIST OF GRAPHS, IMAGES, AND ILLUSTRATIONS ........................................... -
Administration of Barack Obama, 2016 Remarks at a State Dinner Honoring Prime Minister Matteo Renzi of Italy October 18, 2016
Administration of Barack Obama, 2016 Remarks at a State Dinner Honoring Prime Minister Matteo Renzi of Italy October 18, 2016 President Obama. Good evening, everybody! Audience members. Good evening! President Obama. Buona sera! Audience members. Buona sera! President Obama. On behalf of my—Michelle and myself, welcome to the White House. And welcome to the final state dinner of my Presidency. But in the immortal words of a great Italian American, Yogi Berra, "It ain't over till it's over." And so we have a wonderful evening ahead of us as we celebrate the great alliance between the United States and Italy with our great friends, Prime Minister Matteo Renzi and Mrs. Agnese Landini. Now, I have to say, this is a remarkable crowd. I will confess that, at first, I was a little nervous about this dinner. After all, Matteo is called Il Rottamatore—The Scrapper, The Demolition Man. [Laughter] And Roberto Benigni is here as well, and he has promised not to jump on the tables. [Laughter] Ask any Italian or Italian American, and they'll tell you that the dinners can get somewhat animated. People can get excited, especially if your grandmother thinks you're not eating enough. And so Michelle and I decided to just think of this as a typical Italian Sunday dinner: surrounded by family and great friends—paisans—and pasta. But tonight we're reminded that American democracy has been graced by the touch of Italy. Our declaration that "all men are created equal" was penned by Thomas Jefferson, and it was a concept shared by his friend, also from Florence, Firenze, Filippo Mazzei. -
Italy - Prime Minister Aldo Moro” of the National Security Adviser’S Presidential Correspondence with Foreign Leaders Collection at the Gerald R
The original documents are located in Box 2, folder “Italy - Prime Minister Aldo Moro” of the National Security Adviser’s Presidential Correspondence with Foreign Leaders Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. Copyright Notice The copyright law of the United States (Title 17, United States Code) governs the making of photocopies or other reproductions of copyrighted material. Gerald Ford donated to the United States of America his copyrights in all of his unpublished writings in National Archives collections. Works prepared by U.S. Government employees as part of their official duties are in the public domain. The copyrights to materials written by other individuals or organizations are presumed to remain with them. If you think any of the information displayed in the PDF is subject to a valid copyright claim, please contact the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library. ~ . ··I.. .. ~ .: ........ ~ :: .. j." ' 1: • L Dep_a,r.tme'iz t of State. --~-:JM ru ·~ r""' "'"1 r. !'1 P· I' .. :t.G lt iT. NOD 23 4 ·u E:;} U t.~ r{ ~<:·:\' /.\ r:; } f! 1 41.:."l~~ ~Jy \»~i-~ k ~- j:· i f :-~7:... 7."'~-------------------------------------. ~- . j C ~: r, I~~ N 0 Ll ~ • ~ '/. ! }j !1;~0 CCNI ml R . t ... I 0~·.lf·TEO 5Y TEXi R2:CEIVEO FROM WHITE:: HOUSE '. -~ :.?~xO'iED oY siS-C:GT~IQ~'lE. Copy ·f) of· 13 copies I J . .. ............................c ........ 1 ~63.l~Q72 ... i i o t5~'5~~6Z JAN 7!f lFf4 · · · ontro : 2 8t i ; ·_.-j Fr-1 i~SL.:ST t. if. \;!AS HOC . / Reed: Jan 15; 1975 ' .! ' ~·i:; rt: ~PH:.~:t-.~SS'r ROt-.E ~!!ACT IMM!:Ol.ATE 12:17-AH ,• ; I \) A ~ E' ~ ~ ,\ S S Y i U I( Y0 N l ~ C i I li ~if~ D I AT E · ! -- ·. -
The Startling Rise to Power of Benito Mussolini
The Journal of Values-Based Leadership Volume 11 Article 3 Issue 2 Summer/Fall 2018 July 2018 Lessons from History: The tS artling Rise to Power of Benito Mussolini Emilio F. Iodice [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl Part of the Business Commons Recommended Citation Iodice, Emilio F. (2018) "Lessons from History: The tS artling Rise to Power of Benito Mussolini," The Journal of Values-Based Leadership: Vol. 11 : Iss. 2 , Article 3. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.22543/0733.62.1241 Available at: https://scholar.valpo.edu/jvbl/vol11/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Business at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in The ourJ nal of Values-Based Leadership by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. Lessons from History: The Startling Rise to Power of Benito Mussolini EMILIO IODICE, ROME, ITALY Democracy is beautiful in theory; in practice it is a fallacy. All within the state, nothing outside the state, nothing against the state. Yes, a dictator can be loved. Provided that the masses fear him at the same time. The crowd loves strong men. The crowd is like a woman. If only we can give them faith that mountains can be moved, they will accept the illusion that mountains are moveable, and thus an illusion may become reality. Italian journalism is free because it serves one cause and one purpose…mine! Better to live a day as a lion than 100 years as a sheep.