What Is Cpec and Its Importance

1 What Is Cpec And Its Importance

Pakistan and China have also discussed the inclusion of the 4,500 MW 14 billion Diamer-Bhasha Dam as part of the CPEC project, 190 though as of December 2015, no firm decision has been made though Pakistani officials remain optimistic at its eventual inclusion. As part of the Early Harvest scheme of the CPEC, over 10,000 megawatts of electricity-generating capacity is to be developed between 2018 and 2020. As part of the twelve memorandums of understanding signed by Indian and Iranian delegations as per text released by India s Ministry of External Affairs, India will offer a 150 million line of credit extended by the Exim Bank of India, 313 while India Ports Global also signed a contract with Iran s Aria Banader to develop berths at the port, 314 at a cost of 85 million 315 over the course of 18 months. 5 off its annual GDP. 57 US cents kWH proposed by the Chinese firm, 204 which had been initially agreed at 8. The total CPEC loan is 6 of Pakistan s GDP, however the Indian Government has claimed the project a debt-trap. 5 billion worth of energy projects are to be constructed by joint Chinese-Pakistani firms, rather than by the governments of either China or Pakistan. 288 As a result of CPEC, Chinese imports and exports to the Middle East, Africa, and Europe would require much shorter shipment times and distances. 50 MW Wind Power Project Approved 405 Thar Mine Mouth Oracle Power Plant 1320 MW Surface Mine Under issuance of NTP LOI 406 Hubco Coal Power Project, Hub Balochistan 1320 MW 1,912 US million COD is 14 Aug 2019, fully operational. 226 The facility became operational in May 2018. 92 Groundbreaking on this portion commenced in April 2016. Procurement of an initial 250 new passenger coaches, and reconstruction of 21 train stations are also planned as part of the first phase of the project bringing the total investment in Pakistan s railway system to approximately 5 billion by the end of 2019. 309 As of February 2017, the project remains delayed while the governments of Iran and India blame one another for delays. 349 China plans to transfer 4 ships to the Maritime Security Agency with two ships called PMSS Hingol and PMSS Basol. 22 23 24 25 Pakistani officials predict that CPEC will result in the creation of upwards of 2. 4 interest rate 169 after China agreed to reduce interest rates from an originally planned rate of 3. Some Baloch nationalists have opposed the large-scale development projects envisioned by CPEC, fearing that such developments in the province would eventually result in local residents losing control over natural resources. The special economic zone will be completed in three phases. 63 billion worth of transportation infrastructure so far; 6. 372 2016 saw the lowest number of deaths from acts of violence since the current wave of violence began in 2007, 373 with total fatalities dropping nearly 66 compared to 2014.

92 Groundbreaking on this portion commenced in April 2016. Procurement of an initial 250 new passenger coaches, and reconstruction of 21 train stations are also planned as part of the first phase of the project bringing the total investment in Pakistan s railway system to approximately 5 billion by the end of 2019. 309 As of February 2017, the project remains delayed while the governments of Iran and India blame one another for delays. 349 China plans to transfer 4 ships to the Maritime Security Agency with two ships called PMSS Hingol and PMSS Basol. 22 23 24 25 Pakistani officials predict that CPEC will result in the creation of upwards of 2. 4 interest rate 169 after China agreed to reduce interest rates from an originally planned rate of 3. Some Baloch nationalists have opposed the large-scale development projects envisioned by CPEC, fearing that such developments in the province would eventually result in local residents losing control over natural resources. The special economic zone will be completed in three phases. 63 billion worth of transportation infrastructure so far; 6. 372 2016 saw the lowest number of deaths from acts of violence since the current wave of violence began in 2007, 373 with total fatalities dropping nearly 66 compared to 2014. From there, access onwards to Islamabad and Lahore continues as part of the existing M1 and M2 motorways. Upgrading of the railway line will permit train travel at speeds of 160 kilometres per hour, versus the average 60 to 105 km per hour speed currently possible on existing track, 153 and is expected to increase Pakistan Railways annual revenues by approximately 480 million. 5 billion pipeline between Gwadar and Nawabshah to eventually transport gas from Iran. 67 In March 2017, an agreement was signed for the projects, which include a 1. released funds of Rs 320 million for a seawater desalination plant at Gwadar, with a capacity of five million gallons a day. Negotiations to provide an alternate route to the Central Asian republics by way of China predate the announcement of CPEC. 9 billion phase which will connect the city of Multan to the city of Sukkur over a distance of 392 kilometres has also been approved, 254 with 90 of costs to be financed by the Chinese government at concessionary interest rates, while the remaining 10 is to be financed by the Public Sector Development Programme of the Pakistani government. At the southern terminus of the new Brahma Bahtar-Yarik motorway, the N50 National Highway will also be upgraded between Dera Ismail Khan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Zhob in neighbouring Balochistan province, with eventual reconstruction between Zhob and Quetta. Moody s Investors Service has described the project as a credit positive for Pakistan. On 12 August 2015 in the city of Karamay, China and Pakistan signed 20 more agreements worth 1.

From there, access onwards to Islamabad and Lahore continues as part of the existing M1 and M2 motorways. Upgrad- ing of the railway line will permit train travel at speeds of 160 kilometres per hour, versus the average 60 to 105 km per hour speed currently possible on existing track, 153 and is expected to increase Pakistan Railways annual revenues by approximately 480 million. 5 billion pipeline between Gwadar and Nawabshah to eventually transport gas from Iran. 67 In March 2017, an agreement was signed for the projects, which include a 1. released funds of Rs 320 million for a seawater desalination plant at Gwadar, with a capacity of five million gallons a day. Negotiations to provide an alternate route to the Central Asian republics by way of China predate the announcement of CPEC. 9 billion phase which will connect the city of Multan to the city of Sukkur over a distance of 392 kilometres has also been approved, 254 with 90 of costs to be financed by the Chinese government at concessionary interest rates, while the remaining 10 is to be financed by the Public Sector Development Programme of the Pakistani government. At the southern terminus of the new Brahma Bahtar-Yarik motorway, the N50 National Highway will also be upgraded between Dera Ismail Khan in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Zhob in neighbouring Balochistan province, with eventual reconstruction between Zhob and Quetta. Moody s Investors Service has described the project as a credit positive for Pakistan. On 12 August 2015 in the city of Karamay, China and Pakistan signed 20 more agreements worth 1. 5 billion TAPI Pipeline which is a planned project involving Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Concessionary loans Edit. CPEC passes through the disputed region of Kashmir where Indian and Pakistani border guards have occasionally exchanged fire across the Line of Control, 377 378 though no CPEC project is located near the line. 452 Chinese companies took part in 14 post-earthquake reconstruction projects in the disputed region, worth 6 billion. 19 Billion Rupee Physical work under progress. 8 billion, 187 SK Hydro will construct the project with financing by China s EXIM bank. 8 billion Sahiwal Coal Power Project, in full operation since 3 July 2017, 200 is a project in central Punjab that has a capacity

2 of 1,320 MW. The federal Minister of Planning Development and Reform Ahsan Iqbal formally denied any change in the alignment. A cargo train loaded with 500 tonnes of commodities left Kunming for the port city of Guangzhou from where the cargo will be loaded on ships and transported to Karachi, marking the opening of the new route. 184 185 Another wind farm, the Dawood wind power project is under development by HydroChina at a cost of 115 million, and will generate 50 MW of electricity by August 2016.

5 billion TAPI Pipeline which is a planned project involving Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India. Conces- sionary loans Edit. CPEC passes through the disputed region of Kashmir where Indian and Pakistani border guards have occasionally exchanged fire across the Line of Control, 377 378 though no CPEC project is located near the line. 452 Chinese companies took part in 14 post-earthquake reconstruction projects in the disputed region, worth 6 billion. 19 Billion Rupee Physical work under progress. 8 billion, 187 SK Hydro will construct the project with financing by China s EXIM bank. 8 billion Sahiwal Coal Power Project, in full operation since 3 July 2017, 200 is a project in central Punjab that has a capacity of 1,320 MW. The federal Minister of Planning Development and Reform Ahsan Iqbal formally denied any change in the alignment. A cargo train loaded with 500 tonnes of commodities left Kunming for the port city of Guangzhou from where the cargo will be loaded on ships and transported to Karachi, marking the opening of the new route. 184 185 Another wind farm, the Dawood wind power project is under development by HydroChina at a cost of 115 million, and will generate 50 MW of electricity by August 2016. 275 Poor availability of electricity is considered by the World Bank to be a main constraint to both economic growth and investment in Pakistan. During the August 2015 visit of Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to Kazakhstan, the Kazakh Prime Minister Karim Massimov, conveyed Kazakhstan s desire to link its road network to the CPEC project. 18 19 Pakistan s railway network will also be extended to eventually connect to China s Southern Xinjiang Railway in Kashgar. M-15 will not be financed by CPEC funds. India did not object to Chinese construction of the Karakoram Highway, 448 which was built between 1959 and 1979. As of 2017, in total there are 9 projects funded by China in and around Gwadar. Over 33 billion worth of energy infrastructure are to be constructed by private consortia to help alleviate Pakistan s chronic energy shortages, 27 which regularly amount to over 4,500MW, 28 and have shed an estimated 2 2. 248 The projects which are now to financed by the 0 interest loans include the construction of the 140 million East Bay Expressway project, installation of breakwaters in Gwadar which will cost 130 million, a 360 million coal power plant in Gwadar, a 27 million project to dredge berths in Gwadar harbor, and a 100 million 300-bed hospital in Gwadar. 132 The first portion of the N50 to be upgraded will be the 81 kilometre portion of the N50 between Zhob and Mughal Kot, with construction works having begun in January 2016. 20 The estimated 11 billion required to modernise transportation networks will be financed by subsidized concessionary loans.

275 Poor availability of electricity is considered by the World Bank to be a main constraint to both economic growth and investment in Pakistan. During the August 2015 visit of Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif to Kazakhstan, the Kazakh Prime Minister Karim Massimov, conveyed Kazakhstan s desire to link its road network to the CPEC project. 18 19 Pakistan s railway network will also be extended to eventually connect to China s Southern Xinjiang Railway in Kashgar. M-15 will not be financed by CPEC funds. India did not object to Chinese construction of the Karakoram Highway, 448 which was built between 1959 and 1979. As of 2017, in total there are 9 projects funded by China in and around Gwadar. Over 33 billion worth of energy infrastructure are to be constructed by private consortia to help alleviate Pakistan s chronic energy shortages, 27 which regularly amount to over 4,500MW, 28 and have shed an estimated 2 2. 248 The projects which are now to financed by the 0 interest loans include the construction of the 140 million East Bay Expressway project, installation of breakwaters in Gwadar which will cost 130 million, a 360 million coal power plant in Gwadar, a 27 million project to dredge berths in Gwadar harbor, and a 100 million 300-bed hospital in Gwadar. 132 The first portion of the N50 to be upgraded will be the 81 kilometre portion of the N50 between Zhob and Mughal Kot, with construction works having begun in January 2016. 20 The estimated 11 billion required to modernise transportation networks will be financed by subsidized concessionary loans. In addition to potential weaknesses in regards to the United States Navy, the Indian Navy has recently increased maritime surveillance of the Straits of Malacca region from its base on Great Nicobar Island. 5 of Pakistani GDP per annum is lost due to poor transportation networks, which the CPEC investment aims to remedy leading to added benefits for any lag in Pakistan s growth statistic. In September 2018, the new government led by Prime Minister Imran Khan reduced the Chinese investment in railways by 2 billion to 6. 321 The two countries also signed a memorandum of understanding to explore the possibility of setting up an aluminum smelter at a cost of 2 billion, 322 as well as establishing a urea processing facility in Chahbahar, 323 although these investments are also contingent upon Iran supplying low-cost natural gas for operation of those facilities. 98 99 The next 335 kilometres of roadway connect Raikot to the China-Pakistan border. As a result, portions of the Afghan Ring Road were closed due to Taliban insurgent activity. 69 Pakistan aims to produce 25 of its electricity requirements by renewable energy resources by 2030. 147 154 The upgrades are also expected to cut transit times from Karachi to Peshawar by half. 328 Upon completion of Chabahar, Indian exporters will benefit from the potential ability to export goods to Afghanistan, a country with an annual gross domestic product estimated at 60. 263 264 CPEC projects will provide China with an alternate route for energy supplies, as well as a new route by which Western China can conduct trade.

In addition to potential weaknesses in regards to the United States Navy, the Indian Navy has recently increased maritime surveillance of the Straits of Malacca region from its base on Great Nicobar Island. 5 of Pakistani GDP per annum is lost due to poor transportation networks, which the CPEC investment aims to remedy leading to added beneﬁts for any lag in Pakistan s growth statistic. In September 2018, the new government led by Prime Minister Imran Khan reduced the Chinese investment in railways by 2 billion to 6. 321 The two countries also signed a memorandum of understanding to explore the possibility of setting up an aluminum smelter at a cost of 2 billion, 322 as well as establishing a urea processing facility in Chahbahar, 323 although these investments are also contingent upon Iran supplying low-cost natural gas for operation of those facilities. 98 99 The next 335 kilometres of roadway connect Raikot to the China-Pakistan border. As a result, portions of the Afghan Ring Road were closed due to Taliban insurgent activity. 69 Pakistan aims to produce 25 of its electricity requirements by renewable energy resources by 2030. 147 154 The upgrades are also expected to cut transit times from Karachi to Peshawar by half. 328 Upon completion of Chabahar, Indian exporters will beneﬁt from the potential ability to export goods to Afghanistan, a country with an annual gross domestic product estimated at 60. 263 264 CPEC projects will provide China with an alternate route for energy supplies, as well as a new route by which Western China can conduct trade. In February 2014, Pakistani President Mamnoon Hussain

3 visited China to discuss the plans for an economic corridor in Pakistan. 180 181 The first phase of the project has been completed by Xinjiang SunOasis, and has a generating capacity of 100 MW. Under the plan, agricultural information project, storage and distribution of agricultural equipment and construction project, agricultural mechanisation, demonstration and machinery leasing project and fertiliser production project for producing 800,000 tons of fertiliser and 100,000 tons of bio-organic fertiliser will be implemented. 49 In November 2014, Chinese government announced its intention to finance Chinese companies as part of its 45. 366 Another 21 militants from another militant group, the Balochistan Republican Army, surrendered shortly thereafter along with 3 militant commanders. 304 During the November 2015 visit of Tajikistan President Emomali Rahmon to Pakistan, the Tajik premier also expressed his government s desire to join the Quadrilateral Agreement on Traffic in Transit to use CPEC as a conduit for imports and exports to Tajikistan by circumventing Afghanistan; 305 the request received political backing by the Pakistani Prime Minister. 344 In September 2016, Iran s president Hassan Rouhani expressed his country s interest in joining CPEC during a meeting with Nawaz Sharif. Reconstruction works on this section of roadway preceded the CPEC, and were initiated after severe damage to roadways in the area following the 2010 Pakistan floods. Liquefied natural gas power LNG projects are also considered vital to CPEC. 160 A spur from Taxila to Havelian will also be constructed, with a dry port to be established near the city of Havelian.

In February 2014, Pakistani President Mamnoon Hussain visited China to discuss the plans for an economic corridor in Pakistan. 180 181 The first phase of the project has been completed by Xinjiang SunOasis, and has a generating capacity of 100 MW. Under the plan, agricultural information project, storage and distribution of agricultural equipment and construction project, agricultural mechanisation, demonstration and machinery leasing project and fertiliser production project for producing 800,000 tons of fertiliser and 100,000 tons of bio-organic fertiliser will be implemented. 49 In November 2014, Chinese government announced its intention to finance Chinese companies as part of its 45. 366 Another 21 militants from another militant group, the Balochistan Republican Army, surrendered shortly thereafter along with 3 militant commanders. 304 During the November 2015 visit of Tajikistan President Emomali Rahmon to Pakistan, the Tajik premier also expressed his government s desire to join the Quadrilateral Agreement on Traffic in Transit to use CPEC as a conduit for imports and exports to Tajikistan by circumventing Afghanistan; 305 the request received political backing by the Pakistani Prime Minister. 344 In September 2016, Iran s president Hassan Rouhani expressed his country s interest in joining CPEC during a meeting with Nawaz Sharif. Reconstruction works on this section of roadway preceded the CPEC, and were initiated after severe damage to roadways in the area following the 2010 Pakistan floods. Liquefied natural gas power LNG projects are also considered vital to CPEC. 160 A spur from Taxila to Havelian will also be constructed, with a dry port to be established near the city of Havelian. 168 Construction on the line has already begun, with initial planned completion by Winter 2017 however this has been delayed several times, first to end of 2018, 169 170 later to 2019 and 2020. In addition to the aforementioned issues, some sources have suggested that the interest rate for CPEC related loans would be high, with India s Daily News and Analysis paper suggesting that Pakistan had unwittingly accepted loans that would be offered at very high rates of interest , 424 although the actual interest rates were negotiated prior to acceptance, and for most projects will be 1. The entire Eastern Alignment motorway project is divided into four sections a 136-kilometer long section between Karachi and Hyderabad also known as the M9 motorway, a 345-kilometer long section between Hyderabad and Sukkur, a 392-kilometer long section between Sukkur, and Multan, 108 and a 333-kilometer section between Multan and Lahore via the town of Abdul Hakeem. Access to western China Edit. 74 The swathe of land was handed to the China Overseas Port Holding Company in November 2015 as part of a 43-year lease. It will consist of 11 interchanges, 74 culverts, and 3 major bridges spanning the Indus, Soan, and Kurram Rivers. 6 billion Orange Line of the Lahore Metro is under construction and is regarded as a commercial project under CPEC. 246 ZTE Corporation will provide Pakistan Television Corporation collaboration across R D of digital terrestrial television technologies, staff training and content creation including partnerships with Chinese multinational companies in multiple areas including television sets and set top boxes as international Cooperation. 96 106 90 of the project s cost is to be financed by concessionary loans from China, with the remaining 10 to be financed by the government of Pakistan. 148 180 of the coaches are to be built at the Pakistan Railways Carriage Factory near Islamabad, 149 while the Government of Pakistan intends to procure an additional 800 coaches at a later date, with the intention of building 595 of those coaches in Pakistan.

168 Construction on the line has already begun, with initial planned completion by Winter 2017 however this has been delayed several times, first to end of 2018, 169 170 later to 2019 and 2020. In addition to the aforementioned issues, some sources have suggested that the interest rate for CPEC related loans would be high, with India s Daily News and Analysis paper suggesting that Pakistan had unwittingly accepted loans that would be offered at very high rates of interest , 424 although the actual interest rates were negotiated prior to acceptance, and for most projects will be 1. The entire Eastern Alignment motorway project is divided into four sections a 136-kilometer long section between Karachi and Hyderabad also known as the M9 motorway, a 345-kilometer long section between Hyderabad and Sukkur, a 392-kilometer long section between Sukkur, and Multan, 108 and a 333-kilometer section between Multan and Lahore via the town of Abdul Hakeem. Access to western China Edit. 74 The swathe of land was handed to the China Overseas Port Holding Company in November 2015 as part of a 43-year lease. It will consist of 11 interchanges, 74 culverts, and 3 major bridges spanning the Indus, Soan, and Kurram Rivers. 6 billion Orange Line of the Lahore Metro is under construction and is regarded as a commercial project under CPEC. 246 ZTE Corporation will provide Pakistan Television Corporation collaboration across R D of digital terrestrial television technologies, staff training and content creation including partnerships with Chinese multinational companies in multiple areas including television sets and set top boxes as international Cooperation. 96 106 90 of the project s cost is to be financed by concessionary loans from China, with the remaining 10 to be financed by the government of Pakistan. 148 180 of the coaches are to be built at the Pakistan Railways Carriage Factory near Islamabad, 149 while the Government of Pakistan intends to procure an additional 800 coaches at a later date, with the intention of building 595 of those coaches in Pakistan. 5 percentage points to the country s annual economic growth. The project will instead be financed by the Asian Development Bank 143 with a 121. Expansion of Gwadar Port then ceased thereafter owing to political instability in Pakistan following the fall of General Pervez Musharraf and subsequent conflict between the Pakistani state and Taliban militants. 6 billion to further augment the scale and scope of CPEC. 80 The provincial government of Balochistan has set aside 4000 acres for the construction of the new 230 million Gwadar International Airport which will require an estimated 30 months for construction, 81 the costs of which are to be fully funded by grants from the Chinese government which Pakistan will not be obliged to repay. The China Development Bank will finance the 920 million towards the cost of reconstruction of the 487

4 kilometer portion of the Karakoram Highway between Burhan and Raikot. The Jhimpir Wind Power Plant, built by the Turkish company Zorlu Enerji has already begun to sell 56. The Straits of Malacca provide China with its shortest maritime access to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. 4 million grant to Pakistan for roadway improvements in the province of Balochistan, thereby reducing the total Asian Development Bank loan from 195 million to 122. 33 US cents kWh for the next 660 MW, and 7.

5 percentage points to the country s annual economic growth. The project will instead be financed by the Asian Devel- opment Bank 143 with a 121. Expansion of Gwadar Port then ceased thereafter owing to political instability in Pakistan following the fall of General Pervez Musharraf and subsequent conflict between the Pakistani state and Taliban militants. 6 billion to further augment the scale and scope of CPEC. 80 The provincial government of Balochistan has set aside 4000 acres for the construction of the new 230 million Gwadar International Airport which will require an estimated 30 months for construction, 81 the costs of which are to be fully funded by grants from the Chinese government which Pakistan will not be obliged to repay. The China Development Bank will finance the 920 million towards the cost of reconstruction of the 487 kilometer portion of the Karakoram Highway between Burhan and Raikot. The Jhimpir Wind Power Plant, built by the Turkish company Zorlu Enerji has already begun to sell 56. The Straits of Malacca provide China with its shortest maritime access to Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. 4 million grant to Pakistan for roadway improvements in the province of Balochistan, thereby reducing the total Asian Development Bank loan from 195 million to 122. 33 US cents kWh for the next 660 MW, and 7. 176 In April 2020, hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, Pakistan asked China to ease repayment terms on 30bn worth of power projects. 95 per million British Thermal Units offered by Iran. 368 Separatist violence had decreased in the province so much by 2017, that such groups had become much less of a threat compared to Islamist militants. 255 In May 2016, the 2. 340 The Chabahar plan relies upon connections to the Afghan Ring Road. In 2015, the agency acknowledged that much of the project s key benefits would not materialize until 2017, but stated that it believes at least some of the benefits from the economic corridor would likely begin accruing even before then. 284 On 14 November 2016, Hyatt Hotels Corporation announced plan s to open four properties in Pakistan, in partnership with Bahria Town Group, citing the investment of CPEC as the reason behind the 600 million investment. 5 off Pakistan s annual gross domestic product. 293 India has expressed concern of a Chinese String of Pearls encircling it. 242 243 which will be extended to Gwadar.

176 In April 2020, hit by the COVID-19 pandemic, Pakistan asked China to ease repayment terms on 30bn worth of power projects. 95 per million British Thermal Units offered by Iran. 368 Separatist violence had decreased in the province so much by 2017, that such groups had become much less of a threat compared to Islamist militants. 255 In May 2016, the 2. 340 The Chabahar plan relies upon connections to the Afghan Ring Road. In 2015, the agency acknowledged that much of the project s key benefits would not materialize until 2017, but stated that it believes at least some of the benefits from the economic corridor would likely begin accruing even before then. 284 On 14 November 2016, Hyatt Hotels Corporation announced plan s to open four properties in Pakistan, in partnership with Bahria Town Group, citing the investment of CPEC as the reason behind the 600 million investment. 5 off Pakistan s annual gross domestic product. 293 India has expressed concern of a Chinese String of Pearls encircling it. 242 243 which will be extended to Gwadar. 30 A network of pipelines to transport liquefied natural gas and oil will also be laid as part of the project, including a 2. During the state visit of Chinese leader Xi Jinping to Pakistan in April 2015, he wrote in an open editorial stating This will be my first trip to Pakistan, but I feel as if I am going to visit the home of my own brother. The loan money would be used to finance projects which are planned and executed by the Pakistani government. 47 When fully built, the corridor is expected to generate significant revenue from transit fees levied on Chinese goods to the tune of several billion dollars per annum. 76 Businesses located in the zone would be exempt from customs authorities as well as many provincial and federal taxes. 249 Loans will be dispersed by the Exim Bank of China, China Development Bank, and the ICBC. KP Provincial Assembly Edit. Portions of the Karakoram Highway were submerged in the lake, forcing all vehicular traffic onto barges to traverse the new reservoir. 5 billion 711 kilometre gas pipeline from Gwadar to Nawabshah in province as part of CPEC. 84 These additional projects are estimated to cost 800 million, and are to be financed by 0 interest loans extended by the Exim Bank of China to Pakistan.

30 A network of pipelines to transport liquefied natural gas and oil will also be laid as part of the project, including a 2. During the state visit of Chinese leader Xi Jinping to Pakistan in April 2015, he wrote in an open editorial stating This will be my first trip to Pakistan, but I feel as if I am going to visit the home of my own brother. The loan money would be used to finance projects which are planned and executed by the Pakistani government. 47 When fully built, the corridor is expected to generate significant revenue from transit fees levied on Chinese goods to the tune of several billion dollars per annum. 76 Businesses located in the zone would be exempt from customs authorities as well as many provincial and federal taxes. 249 Loans will be dispersed by the Exim Bank of China, China Development Bank, and the ICBC. KP Provincial Assembly Edit. Portions of the Karakoram Highway were submerged in the lake, forcing all vehicular traffic onto barges to traverse the new reservoir. 5 billion 711 kilometre gas pipeline from Gwadar to Nawabshah in province as part of CPEC. 84 These additional projects are estimated to cost 800 million, and are to be financed by 0 interest loans extended by the Exim Bank of China to Pakistan. The project should not be confused with the 2 billion 1,100 kilometre North-South Pipeline liquified natural gas pipeline which is to be constructed with Russian assistance between Karachi and Lahore with anticipated completion by 2018. In May 2016, construction began on the 44 million 820 kilometer long Pakistan-China Fiber Optic Project, a Cross Border Optical Fiber Cable that will enhance telecommunication and ICT Industry in the Gilgit Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab region, while offering Pakistan a fifth route by which to transmit telecommunication traffic. A section of the Indian media described it as a counter to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor , 311 although the total monetary value of projects has been noted to be significantly less than that of CPEC. 110 In February 2017, a completed 75 kilometer stretch of the motorway was opened for public use by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Agriculture and aquaculture Edit. In July 2020, Pakistani media The News International reported that the Iranian government has dropped India from a long stalled rail project and has instead signed a comprehensive deal with China. 6 billion energy and infrastructure projects in Pakistan as part of CPEC. Some planning aspects and technicalities associated with the route have been criticised in political forums and by the media. 263 264 The CPEC projects will also complement China s Western Development plan, which includes not only Xinjiang, but also the neighbouring regions of Tibet and Qinghai. The Western Alignment roadway network will begin at the Barahma Bahtar Interchange on the M1 Motorway near the towns of Burhan and Hasan Abdal in northern Punjab province.

5 The project should not be confused with the 2 billion 1,100 kilometre North-South Pipeline liquified natural gas pipeline which is to be constructed with Russian assistance between Karachi and Lahore with anticipated completion by 2018. In May 2016, construction began on the 44 million 820 kilometer long Pakistan-China Fiber Optic Project, a Cross Border Optical Fiber Cable that will enhance telecommunication and ICT Industry in the Gilgit Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab region, while offering Pakistan a fifth route by which to transmit telecommunication traffic. A section of the Indian media described it as a counter to the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor , 311 although the total monetary value of projects has been noted to be significantly less than that of CPEC. 110 In February 2017, a completed 75 kilometer stretch of the motorway was opened for public use by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Agriculture and aquaculture Edit. In July 2020, Pakistani media The News International reported that the Iranian government has dropped India from a long stalled rail project and has instead signed a comprehensive deal with China. 6 billion energy and infrastructure projects in Pakistan as part of CPEC. Some planning aspects and technicalities associated with the route have been criticised in political forums and by the media. 263 264 The CPEC projects will also complement China s Western Development plan, which includes not only Xinjiang, but also the neighbouring regions of Tibet and Qinghai. The Western Alignment roadway network will begin at the Barahma Bahtar Interchange on the M1 Motorway near the towns of Burhan and Hasan Abdal in northern Punjab province. 390 Multan-Sukkur Motorway M-5 392 km 2,889 US million Project Completed and inaugurated on 5 November 2019. 335 This report was later refuted by the government of Iran, who stated that the investments from India didn t had anything to do with the railway project in the first place. 29 Over 10,400 MW of energy generating capacity is to be brought online by the end of 2018, with the majority developed as part of CPEC s fast-tracked Early Harvest projects. Security Forces Edit. The first convoy from China arrived in Gwadar on 13 November 2016, thereby formalizing operation of CPEC. The importance of CPEC to China is reflected by its inclusion as part of China s 13th five-year development plan. 31 Electricity from these projects will primarily be generated from fossil fuels, though hydroelectric and wind-power projects are also included, as is the construction of one of the world s largest solar farms. Background Edit. 360 Exiled Baloch nationalist Hyrbyair Marri in 2016 warned the safety of Chinese nationals working on the project could not be guaranteed, 361 though violence in the region peaked in 2013 before sharply declining. 71 Business established in the special economic zone will be exempt from Pakistani income, sales, and federal excise taxes for 23 years.

390 Multan-Sukkur Motorway M-5 392 km 2,889 US million Project Completed and inaugurated on 5 November 2019. 335 This report was later refuted by the government of Iran, who stated that the investments from India didn t had anything to do with the railway project in the first place. 29 Over 10,400 MW of energy generating capacity is to be brought online by the end of 2018, with the majority developed as part of CPEC s fast-tracked Early Harvest projects. Security Forces Edit. The first convoy from China arrived in Gwadar on 13 November 2016, thereby formalizing operation of CPEC. The importance of CPEC to China is reflected by its inclusion as part of China s 13th five-year development plan. 31 Electricity from these projects will primarily be generated from fossil fuels, though hydroelectric and wind-power projects are also included, as is the construction of one of the world s largest solar farms. Background Edit. 360 Exiled Baloch nationalist Hyrbyair Marri in 2016 warned the safety of Chinese nationals working on the project could not be guaranteed, 361 though violence in the region peaked in 2013 before sharply declining. 71 Business established in the special economic zone will be exempt from Pakistani income, sales, and federal excise taxes for 23 years. CPEC s potential impact on Pakistan has been compared to that of the Marshall Plan undertaken by the United States in post-war Europe. 347 348 Chairman Parliamentary Committee on CPEC confirmed that Sindh province will dispatch 2000 police officers, while Punjab will dispatch 5000 police officers for the project, while the Pakistani Army will deploy 12,000 troops to safeguard the route. 435 The resident cards measure would require any non-resident visitor to the city to register at designated security checkpoints prior to entering the city by road, 434 without any reference to ethnicity. 422 As a result of objections to CPEC, the Chinese government in 2015 issued a statement urging Pakistani political parties to resolve their differences over the project. 5 billion allocated to upgrade Pakistan s main railway line from Karachi to Peshawar including tracks, speed, and signaling, and 4 billion toward an LNG terminal and transmission lines to help alleviate energy shortages. 287 Approximately 80 of its Middle Eastern energy imports also pass through the Straits of Malacca. 171 The line will be 27. 182 The remaining 900 MW capacity will be installed by Zonergy under CPEC. 114 The road will be a six lane wide controlled access highway, 115 with 11 planned interchanges, 10 rest facilities, 492 underpasses, and 54 bridges along its route. China Pakistan Economic Corridor.

CPEC s potential impact on Pakistan has been compared to that of the Marshall Plan undertaken by the United States in post-war Europe. 347 348 Chairman Parliamentary Committee on CPEC confirmed that Sindh province will dispatch 2000 police officers, while Punjab will dispatch 5000 police officers for the project, while the Pakistani Army will deploy 12,000 troops to safeguard the route. 435 The resident cards measure would require any non-resident visitor to the city to register at designated security checkpoints prior to entering the city by road, 434 without any reference to ethnicity. 422 As a result of objections to CPEC, the Chinese government in 2015 issued a statement urging Pakistani political parties to resolve their differences over the project. 5 billion allocated to upgrade Pakistan s main railway line from Karachi to Peshawar including tracks, speed, and signaling, and 4 billion toward an LNG terminal and transmission lines to help alleviate energy shortages. 287 Approximately 80 of its Middle Eastern energy imports also pass through the Straits of Malacca. 171 The line will be 27. 182 The remaining 900 MW capacity will be installed by Zonergy under CPEC. 114 The road will be a six lane wide controlled access highway, 115 with 11 planned interchanges, 10 rest facilities, 492 underpasses, and 54 bridges along its route. China Pakistan Economic Corridor. 346 From December 2016, Pakistan s Navy established a special taskforce TF-88 to ensure there is maritime security for trade. 166 A preliminary feasibility study was completed in 2008 by the Austrian engineering firm TBAC. In 2013, the then Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang decided to further enhance mutual connectivity. I Khan Motorway 285 km Rs. 116 Construction on this segment is expected to last 36 months. 395 Mahl Hydropower Project, AJK 640 MW 1281 US million Chine Three Gorges Corporation 196 Khuzdar-Basima Road N-30 110 Km 19. After signing the agreement, Iran s ambassador to Pakistan, Mehdi Honerdoost, stated that the agreement was not finished , and that Iran would welcome the inclusion of both Pakistan and China in the project. Should the initial 46 billion worth of projects be implemented, the value of those projects would be roughly equivalent to all foreign direct investment in Pakistan since 1970, 17 and would be equal to 17 of Pakistan s 2015 gross domestic product. 386 387 Gwadar-Turbat-Hoshab M-8 193 km Rs. 6 interest rate.

6 346 From December 2016, Pakistan s Navy established a special taskforce TF-88 to ensure there is maritime security for trade. 166 A preliminary feasibility study was completed in 2008 by the Austrian engineering firm TBAC. In 2013, the then Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang decided to further enhance mutual connectivity. I Khan Motorway 285 km Rs. 116 Construction on this segment is expected to last 36 months. 395 Mahl Hydropower Project, AJK 640 MW 1281 US million Chine Three Gorges Corporation 196 Khuzdar-Basima Road N-30 110 Km 19. After signing the agreement, Iran s ambassador to Pakistan, Mehdi Honerdoost, stated that the agreement was not finished , and that Iran would welcome the inclusion of both Pakistan and China in the project. Should the initial 46 billion worth of projects be implemented, the value of those projects would be roughly equivalent to all foreign direct investment in Pakistan since 1970, 17 and would be equal to 17 of Pakistan s 2015 gross domestic product. 386 387 Gwadar-Turbat-Hoshab M-8 193 km Rs. 6 interest rate. By 2025, it is envisaged that manufacturing and processing industries will be developed, while further expansion of the zone is intended to be complete by 2030. 1 metres in diameter, and have the capacity to transport 1 10 9 cubic feet 2. 193 The project was approved by the government of Pakistani-administered Kashmir, the Chinese government and the Three Gorges corporation in 2020, 194 the move was protested by India, which claims Kashmir as its territory. 300 The current Transit Trade Agreement provides Afghanistan access to the Port of Karachi to conduct export trade with India, and allows Afghan goods to be transited up to any border of Pakistan, but does not guarantee Afghan trucks the right to traverse the Wagah Border, nor does the agreement permit Indian goods to be exported to Afghanistan via Pakistan. 8 mi long, of which 25. General Amer Riaz who currently heads security operations in the province, stated that locals would not be deprived of benefits, and that local Gwadar residents would have the first right to everything.

By 2025, it is envisaged that manufacturing and processing industries will be developed, while further expansion of the zone is intended to be complete by 2030. 1 metres in diameter, and have the capacity to transport 1 10 9 cubic feet 2. 193 The project was approved by the government of Pakistani-administered Kashmir, the Chinese government and the Three Gorges corporation in 2020, 194 the move was protested by India, which claims Kashmir as its territory. 300 The current Transit Trade Agreement provides Afghanistan access to the Port of Karachi to conduct export trade with India, and allows Afghan goods to be transited up to any border of Pakistan, but does not guarantee Afghan trucks the right to traverse the Wagah Border, nor does the agreement permit Indian goods to be exported to Afghanistan via Pakistan. 8 mi long, of which 25. General Amer Riaz who currently heads security operations in the province, stated that locals would not be deprived of beneﬁts, and that local Gwadar residents would have the ﬁrst right to everything.

2 billion because of financing burdens. 128 The motorway will traverse the Sindh Sagar Doab region, and cross the In- dus River at Mianwali before entering into Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It would have the capacity to supply 2000MW with 10 percent overloaded capability for 2 hours. Projects in Gwadar city Edit. Interest-free loans Edit. 113 The planned route of the motorway runs roughly parallel to the existing National Highway and Indus Highway at various portions. Long-term plans for a Central Alignment of the CPEC consist of a network of roads which is shortest route of CPEC and will commence in Gwadar and travel upcountry via the cities of Basima, Khuzdar, Sukkur, Rajanpur, Layyah, Muzaffargarh, and terminating in Dera Ismail Khan, with onward connections to Karakoram Highway via the Brahma Bahtar Yarik Motorway. 5 billion oil refinery, irrigation projects worth 2 billion, a 2 billion motorway between Chitral and DI Khan, and 7 billion worth of hydro-electric projects. Phase 2 under construction. citation needed China reportedly also expressed concern that militant groups in Xinjiang could collaborate with Tehrik-i-Taliban militants in Pakistan. 94 Construction on both these sections is expected to be completed with 42 months at a cost of approximately 1. The project will require the construction of seven interchanges, and 25 bridges on the Indus river and irrigation canals. The report further said that CPEC-related transportation would earn 400 500 million per annum to Pakistan, and would grow Pakistani exports by 4. Instead, it is considered to be a private sector investment as its construction will be undertaken by a consortium of Harbin Electric and Habib Rafiq Limited after they successfully bid against international competitors.

Interest-free loans Edit. 113 The planned route of the motorway runs roughly parallel to the existing National Highway and Indus Highway at various portions. Long-term plans for a Central Alignment of the CPEC consist of a network of roads which is shortest route of CPEC and will commence in Gwadar and travel upcountry via the cities of Basima, Khuzdar, Sukkur, Rajanpur, Layyah, Muzaffargarh, and terminating in Dera Ismail Khan, with onward connections to Karakoram Highway via the Brahma Bahtar Yarik Motorway. 5 billion oil refinery, irrigation projects worth 2 billion, a 2 billion motorway between Chitral and DI Khan, and 7 billion worth of hydro-electric projects. Phase 2 under construction. citation needed China reportedly also expressed concern that militant groups in Xinjiang could collaborate with Tehrik-i-Taliban militants in Pakistan. 94 Construction on both these sections is expected to be completed with 42 months at a cost of approximately 1. The project will require the construction of seven interchanges, and 25 bridges on the Indus river and irrigation canals. The report further said that CPEC-related transportation would earn 400 500 million per annum to Pakistan, and would grow Pakistani exports by 4. Instead, it is considered to be a private sector investment as its construction will be undertaken by a consortium of Harbin Electric and Habib Rafiq Limited after they successfully bid against international competitors. Alleged Indian subversion Edit. 41 However, the Pakistani government stated that most of the project consists of equity finance such as joint ventures instead of debt finance, giving Pakistan alternative means of raising capital for the project. The CPEC project emphasises major upgrades to Pakistan s aging railway system, including rebuilding of the entire Main Line 1 railway between Karachi and Peshawar by 2020; 146 this single railway currently handles 70 of Pakistan Railways traffic. During the visit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to China in 2015, the Indian Foreign Minister, Sushma Swaraj reportedly told Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping that projects passing through Gilgit-Baltistan are unacceptable as they require construction in the claimed territory. 191 On 14 November 2017, Pakistan dropped its bid to have Diamer-Bhasha Dam financed under the CPEC framework. 2 billion will be open to traffic in June 2021. 373 Acts of terrorist violence fell 75 between 2014 and 2016. Nevertheless, officials countered that 3. 382 Pakistan s Secretary of Defense Lieutenant General Alam Khattak stated in April 2016 that the arrest of Kulbhushan Yadav indicated Indian interference in CPEC, and further alleged that India s Research and Analysis Wing, in collusion with Afghanistan s National Directorate

7 of Security, had set up a dedicated espionage unit with express intent to sabotage CPEC. 388 Dawood wind power project 50 MW 112.

Alleged Indian subversion Edit. 41 However, the Pakistani government stated that most of the project consists of equity finance such as joint ventures instead of debt finance, giving Pakistan alternative means of raising capital for the project. The CPEC project emphasises major upgrades to Pakistan s aging railway system, including rebuilding of the entire Main Line 1 railway between Karachi and Peshawar by 2020; 146 this single railway currently handles 70 of Pakistan Railways traffic. During the visit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi to China in 2015, the Indian Foreign Minister, Sushma Swaraj reportedly told Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping that projects passing through Gilgit-Baltistan are unacceptable as they require construction in the claimed territory. 191 On 14 November 2017, Pakistan dropped its bid to have Diamer-Bhasha Dam financed under the CPEC framework. 2 billion will be open to traffic in June 2021. 373 Acts of terrorist violence fell 75 between 2014 and 2016. Nevertheless, officials countered that 3. 382 Pakistan s Secretary of Defense Lieutenant General Alam Khattak stated in April 2016 that the arrest of Kulbhushan Yadav indicated Indian interference in CPEC, and further alleged that India s Research and Analysis Wing, in collusion with Afghanistan s National Directorate of Security, had set up a dedicated espionage unit with express intent to sabotage CPEC. 388 Dawood wind power project 50 MW 112. Gwadar forms the crux of the CPEC project, as it is envisaged to be the link between China s ambitious One Belt, One Road project, and its 21st Century Maritime Silk Road project. 381 Former Chief of Army Staff General Raheel Sharif in April 2016 accused India s Research and Analysis Wing of destabilizing Pakistan in an attempt to disrupt and stymie implementation of various CPEC projects. in May 2019, Vice President of China and Pakistan has decided to launch Huawei Technical Support Center in Pakistan. Additionally, the Chinese government has announced plans to lay railway track from Tashkent, Uzbekistan, towards Kyrgyzstan with onwards connections to China and Pakistan. 174 Energy generation will be a major focus of the CPEC project, with approximately 33 billion expected to be invested in this sector. Eastern Alignment Edit. 5 billion on roads, power, hotels and other infrastructure for the industrial zone as well as other projects in Gwadar city. In May 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his counterpart, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, signed a series of twelve agreements in Tehran, in which India offered to refurbish one of Chabahar s ten existing berths, and reconstruct another berth the Port of Chabahar, 308 in order to allow Indian goods to be exported to Iran, with the possibility of onward connections to Afghanistan and Central Asia. One of the senators, Senator Kabir Muhammad Shahi also claimed that while 60 of the funds are being used for power generation, other than 300 MW for Gwadar Port, not even 1 MW of that would be given to Balochistan. 330 While clarifying that Chabahar Port would not be a rival or enemy to Pakistan s Gwadar Port, 331 he further stated that Pakistan and China had both been invited to contribute to the project before India, but according to Pakistani media neither China nor Pakistan had expressed interest in joining.

Gwadar forms the crux of the CPEC project, as it is envisaged to be the link between China s ambitious One Belt, One Road project, and its 21st Century Maritime Silk Road project. 381 Former Chief of Army Staff General Raheel Sharif in April 2016 accused India s Research and Analysis Wing of destabilizing Pakistan in an attempt to disrupt and stymie implementation of various CPEC projects. in May 2019, Vice President of China and Pakistan has decided to launch Huawei Technical Support Center in Pakistan. Additionally, the Chinese government has announced plans to lay railway track from Tashkent, Uzbekistan, towards Kyrgyzstan with onwards connections to China and Pakistan. 174 Energy generation will be a major focus of the CPEC project, with approximately 33 billion expected to be invested in this sector. Eastern Alignment Edit. 5 billion on roads, power, hotels and other infrastructure for the industrial zone as well as other projects in Gwadar city. In May 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his counterpart, Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, signed a series of twelve agreements in Tehran, in which India offered to refurbish one of Chabahar s ten existing berths, and reconstruct another berth the Port of Chabahar, 308 in order to allow Indian goods to be exported to Iran, with the possibility of onward connections to Afghanistan and Central Asia. One of the senators, Senator Kabir Muhammad Shahi also claimed that while 60 of the funds are being used for power generation, other than 300 MW for Gwadar Port, not even 1 MW of that would be given to Balochistan. 330 While clarifying that Chabahar Port would not be a rival or enemy to Pakistan s Gwadar Port, 331 he further stated that Pakistan and China had both been invited to contribute to the project before India, but according to Pakistani media neither China nor Pakistan had expressed interest in joining. 106 The entire project will cost approximately 6. On 8 January 2017, Forbes claimed that CPEC is part of China s vision to write the rules of the next era of globalization and help its export and investment engines run for years to come. 4 million grant from the United Kingdom s Department for International Development. 114 The Pakistani government in January 2016 awarded the contract to build this section to China State Construction Engineering, 106 but final approvals required for disbursement of funds were not granted by the Government of the People s Republic of China until May 2016. 315 Despite the expressed desire to circumvent Pakistan in order to augment Iranian and Indian economic ties, Indian goods destined for Iran currently do not require transit through Pakistan, as those goods can be exported to Iran via Bandar Abbas, where India also currently maintains a diplomatic mission. 6 billion 720 MW Karot Dam which is under construction is part of the CPEC plan, but is to be financed separately by China s Silk Road Fund. 7 billion, 112 and will provide high-speed road access to interior Sindh especially near the towns of Matiari, Nawabshah, and Khairpur. 75 The site will include manufacturing zones, logistics hubs, warehouses, and display centres. 290 The CPEC project will allow Chinese energy imports to circumvent these contentious areas and find a new artery in the west, and thereby decrease the possibility of confrontation between the United States and China. India further did not initially object to major Chinese-sponsored upgrade works to the Karakoram High- way after a 2010 earthquake, though it did object the presence of Chinese troops in the region that were sent to guard Chinese workers.

106 The entire project will cost approximately 6. On 8 January 2017, Forbes claimed that CPEC is part of China s vision to write the rules of the next era of globalization and help its export and investment engines run for years to come. 4 million grant from the United Kingdom s Department for International Development. 114 The Pakistani government in January 2016 awarded the contract to build this section to China State Construction Engineering, 106 but ﬁnal approvals required for disbursement of funds were not granted by the Government of the People s Republic of China until May 2016. 315 Despite the expressed desire to circumvent Pakistan in order to augment Iranian and Indian economic ties, Indian goods destined for Iran currently do not require transit through Pakistan, as those goods can be exported to Iran via Bandar Abbas, where India also currently maintains a diplomatic mission. 6 billion 720 MW Karot Dam which is under construction is part of the CPEC plan, but

8 is to be financed separately by China s Silk Road Fund. 7 billion, 112 and will provide high-speed road access to interior Sindh especially near the towns of Matiari, Nawabshah, and Khairpur. 75 The site will include manufacturing zones, logistics hubs, warehouses, and display centres. 290 The CPEC project will allow Chinese energy imports to circumvent these contentious areas and find a new artery in the west, and thereby decrease the possibility of confrontation between the United States and China. India further did not initially object to major Chinese-sponsored upgrade works to the Karakoram Highway after a 2010 earthquake, though it did object the presence of Chinese troops in the region that were sent to guard Chinese workers. The cost of the entire project is estimated to be approximately 12 billion, and will require 5 years for completion. The Karakoram Highway south of the city of Mansehra will also be upgraded into a controlled-access highway to officially be known as the E-35 expressway. From Surab, a 470 kilometre long route known as the N85 National Highway will connect central Balochistan with the town of Hoshab in southwestern Balochistan province near the city of Turbat. 129 Total costs for the project are expected to be 1. The entire 354 kilometres of roadway north of Shinkiari and ending in Raikot, near Chilas will be constructed as a 2-lane highway. The former Chief Minister did, however, clarify that he would not oppose development projects in the province that he believed would uplift the plight of local residents. A 300 MW coal power plant is also being developed in the city of Gwadar, and is being financed by a 0 interest loan. 2 billion overhaul of the Main Line 1 railway is to be financed by concessionary loans, which extended by China s state owned banks. While nationalists openly oppose CPEC, some local leaders and residents of Gwadar city have also expressed concern in regards to the project the head of Gwadar s local fisherman association stated in an interview with NBC News that Development is good, China is our great friend, this CPEC thing sounds amazing, but don t forget that this is our land, first. 25 US cents kWH in 2014.

The cost of the entire project is estimated to be approximately 12 billion, and will require 5 years for completion. The Karakoram Highway south of the city of Mansehra will also be upgraded into a controlled-access highway to officially be known as the E-35 expressway. From Surab, a 470 kilometre long route known as the N85 National Highway will connect central Balochistan with the town of Hoshab in southwestern Balochistan province near the city of Turbat. 129 Total costs for the project are expected to be 1. The entire 354 kilometres of roadway north of Shinkiari and ending in Raikot, near Chilas will be constructed as a 2-lane highway. The former Chief Minister did, however, clarify that he would not oppose development projects in the province that he believed would uplift the plight of local residents. A 300 MW coal power plant is also being developed in the city of Gwadar, and is being financed by a 0 interest loan. 2 billion overhaul of the Main Line 1 railway is to be financed by concessionary loans, which extended by China s state owned banks. While nationalists openly oppose CPEC, some local leaders and residents of Gwadar city have also expressed concern in regards to the project the head of Gwadar s local fisherman association stated in an interview with NBC News that Development is good, China is our great friend, this CPEC thing sounds amazing, but don t forget that this is our land, first. 25 US cents kWH in 2014. 379 In March 2016, Pakistan reported that it had arrested Kulbhushan Yadav, whom Pakistan claims to be a spy from India s Research and Analysis Wing, and who entered Pakistan from Iran specifically to destabilize regions in Pakistan s Baluchistan province along with terrorist organization Tehrik-i-Taliban and Baloch liberation army B. 411 SSRL Thar Coal Block-I 6. 195 Renewable energy projects also include a 640 MW Mahl hydro power project. The 184 kilometers long M-4 Motorway between Faisalabad and Multan does not fall under the scope of CPEC projects but is nevertheless considered vital to the CPEC transportation project. 8 mi will be elevated, with the remaining portion to be underground between Jain Mandir and Lakshmi Chowk. Longer term projects under CPEC also call for construction of the 682 kilometre long Khunjerab Railway line between the city of Havelian, to the Khunjerab Pass on the Chinese border, 165 with extension to China s Lanxin Railway in Kashgar, Xinjiang. 410 Suki Kinari Hydropower Project 870 MW 1,707 US million Under construction, Commercial operation date COD December 2022. Construction works to dualize the entire track between Karachi to Shahdara were completed and inaugurated in January 2016. 6 ; 72 conversely previous Pakistani infrastructure projects financed by the World Bank carried an interest rate between 5 and 8. The outlawed terrorist organisation Tehrik-i-Taliban has claimed responsibility for past attacks on some Chinese nationals, 370 and Chinese commentators have raised concerns that the safety of construction workers could be under threat.

379 In March 2016, Pakistan reported that it had arrested Kulbhushan Yadav, whom Pakistan claims to be a spy from India s Research and Analysis Wing, and who entered Pakistan from Iran specifically to destabilize regions in Pakistan s Baluchistan province along with terrorist organization Tehrik-i-Taliban and Baloch liberation army B. 411 SSRL Thar Coal Block-I 6. 195 Renewable energy projects also include a 640 MW Mahl hydro power project. The 184 kilometers long M-4 Motorway between Faisalabad and Multan does not fall under the scope of CPEC projects but is nevertheless considered vital to the CPEC transportation project. 8 mi will be elevated, with the remaining portion to be underground between Jain Mandir and Lakshmi Chowk. Longer term projects under CPEC also call for construction of the 682 kilometre long Khunjerab Railway line between the city of Havelian, to the Khunjerab Pass on the Chinese border, 165 with extension to China s Lanxin Railway in Kashgar, Xinjiang. 410 Suki Kinari Hydropower Project 870 MW 1,707 US million Under construction, Commercial operation date COD December 2022. Construction works to dualize the entire track between Karachi to Shahdara were completed and inaugurated in January 2016. 6 ; 72 conversely previous Pakistani infrastructure projects financed by the World Bank carried an interest rate between 5 and 8. The outlawed terrorist organisation Tehrik-i-Taliban has claimed responsibility for past attacks on some Chinese nationals, 370 and Chinese commentators have raised concerns that the safety of construction workers could be under threat. The funds were also to be used in the expansion of the optical fiber network in Gwadar. According to Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying, the corridor will serve as a driver for connectivity between South Asia and East Asia. As an example, the 1,223 MW Balloki Power Plant does not fall under the concessionary loan rate of 1. The project will be financed as part of a 195 million package by the Asian Development Bank announced in May 2015 to upgrade the N70 National Highway and N50 National Highway. 200 Pakistan-China Fiber Optic Project 37. Finances Edit. 38 On 14 January 2020, Pakistan operationalized Gwadar Port for Afghan transit trade. expected COD December 2021. 55 of the country s annual GDP. While agreements have specifically cited improvements for Afghan connectivity to the world as a benefit of Indian investment in the region, 338 Afghanistan s politically instability could limit the potential usefulness of transit corridors to population centers near Kabul or Kandahar, 339 as those routes traverse southern and eastern Afghanistan, where the Taliban is most active.

The funds were also to be used in the expansion of the optical ﬁber network in Gwadar. According to Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying, the corridor will serve as a driver for connectivity between South Asia and East Asia.

9 As an example, the 1,223 MW Balloki Power Plant does not fall under the concessionary loan rate of 1. The project will be financed as part of a 195 million package by the Asian Development Bank announced in May 2015 to upgrade the N70 National Highway and N50 National Highway. 200 Pakistan-China Fiber Optic Project 37. Finances Edit. 38 On 14 January 2020, Pakistan operationalized Gwadar Port for Afghan transit trade. expected COD December 2021. 55 of the country s annual GDP. While agreements have specifically cited improvements for Afghan connectivity to the world as a benefit of Indian investment in the region, 338 Afghanistan s politically instability could limit the potential usefulness of transit corridors to population centers near Kabul or Kandahar, 339 as those routes traverse southern and eastern Afghanistan, where the Taliban is most active. 6 billion, with the bulk of financing to be distributed by various Chinese state-owned banks. Central Alignment Edit. 91 North of Havelian, the next 66 kilometres of road will be upgraded to a 4-lane dual carriageway between Havelian and Shinkiari. 224 Nor should it be confused with the planned 7. 7 million grant announced in October 2015 by the government of the United Kingdom towards the construction of a portion of the M4 Motorway project. 144 Once completed, the E35 Expressway, the M4 Motorway, and Karachi-Lahore Motorway will provide continuous high-speed road travel on controlled-access motorways from Mansehra to Karachi 1,550 kilometers away. 355 As part of CPEC, Pakistan has boosted its international engagement in terms of foreign policy with China, Iran, USA, Turkey and Malaysia are to be engaged for the maritime economy related to CPEC. The company argued that coal would instead have to be transported from distant Sindh province, which along with inefficiencies in mining procedures, increased the cost of fuel by 30. Portions of the approximately 6. 288 As the world s biggest oil importer, 50 energy security is a key concern for China while current sea routes used to import Middle Eastern oil are frequently patrolled by the United States Navy.

6 billion, with the bulk of financing to be distributed by various Chinese state-owned banks. Central Alignment Edit. 91 North of Havelian, the next 66 kilometres of road will be upgraded to a 4-lane dual carriageway between Havelian and Shinkiari. 224 Nor should it be confused with the planned 7. 7 million grant announced in October 2015 by the government of the United Kingdom towards the construction of a portion of the M4 Motorway project. 144 Once completed, the E35 Expressway, the M4 Motorway, and Karachi-Lahore Motorway will provide continuous high-speed road travel on controlled-access motorways from Mansehra to Karachi 1,550 kilometers away. 355 As part of CPEC, Pakistan has boosted its international engagement in terms of foreign policy with China, Iran, USA, Turkey and Malaysia are to be engaged for the maritime economy related to CPEC. The company argued that coal would instead have to be transported from distant Sindh province, which along with inefficiencies in mining procedures, increased the cost of fuel by 30. Portions of the approximately 6. 288 As the world s biggest oil importer, 50 energy security is a key concern for China while current sea routes used to import Middle Eastern oil are frequently patrolled by the United States Navy. The Government of India, which shares tense relations with Pakistan, objects to the CPEC project as upgrade works to the Karakoram Highway are taking place in Gilgit-Baltistan; territory that India claims as its own. 392 Karot Hydropower Project 720 MW 1,698 US million 50 civil work completed. Baloch Nationalists Edit. 294 295 misquoted Were conflict to erupt, India could potentially impede Chinese imports through the straits. 350 For territorial security, Pakistan has formed the Special Security Division. 1 billion Matiari to Lahore Transmission Line, and 1. 4 kilometres 15. Gwadar residents concerns Edit. In October 2015, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif also inaugurated construction of the 1,180 MW Bhikhi Power Plant near Sheikhupura, 225 which is to be jointly constructed by China s Harbin Electric Company and General Electric from the United States. The 589 million project to establish a coal mine and a relatively small 300 MW coal power plant to be built in the town of Pind Dadan Khan by China Machinery Engineering Corporation in Punjab s Salt Range.

The Government of India, which shares tense relations with Pakistan, objects to the CPEC project as upgrade works to the Karakoram Highway are taking place in Gilgit-Baltistan; territory that India claims as its own. 392 Karot Hydropower Project 720 MW 1,698 US million 50 civil work completed. Baloch Nationalists Edit. 294 295 misquoted Were conflict to erupt, India could potentially impede Chinese imports through the straits. 350 For territorial security, Pakistan has formed the Special Security Division. 1 billion Matiari to Lahore Transmission Line, and 1. 4 kilometres 15. Gwadar residents concerns Edit. In October 2015, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif also inaugurated construction of the 1,180 MW Bhikhi Power Plant near Sheikhupura, 225 which is to be jointly constructed by China s Harbin Electric Company and General Electric from the United States. The 589 million project to establish a coal mine and a relatively small 300 MW coal power plant to be built in the town of Pind Dadan Khan by China Machinery Engineering Corporation in Punjab s Salt Range. 453 India did not object to these works, despite the fact that infrastructure near the militarily sensitive Line of Control were upgraded. Pakistan s current energy generating capacity is 24,830 MW,. Despite this, Pakistan still alleges that India is supporting anti-CPEC agenda, and the Pakistani government often points to such evidence as the alleged Indian spy Kulbhushan Jadhav, who was caught in the Baluchistan province on 3 March 2016. 63 The new rail, sea freight will cut logistics cost, including that of transport, by 50 per cent. 400 Havelian Abbottabad Dry Port 450 M. A vast network of highways and railways are to be built under the aegis of CPEC that will span the length and breadth of Pakistan. Economic analysts have stated tangible benefits of this initiative including an end to the major energy shortages in Pakistan which had previously crippled economic growth. The two nations also pledged co-operation in field ranging from anti-narcotic efforts, 240 to co-operation in an effort to reduce climate change. Near the Thar-I Project, the China Machinery Engineering Corporation in conjunction with Pakistan s Engro Corporation will construct two 330 MW power plants as part of the Thar-ll Project having initially proposed the simultaneous construction of two 660 MW power plants as well as developing a coal mine capable of producing up to 3. 101 102 The 175 kilometre road between Gilgit and Skardu will be upgraded to a 4-lane road at a cost of 475 million to provide direct access to Skardu from the N-35.

453 India did not object to these works, despite the fact that infrastructure near the militarily sensitive Line of Control were upgraded. Pakistan s current energy generating capacity is 24,830 MW,. Despite this, Pakistan still alleges that India is supporting anti-CPEC agenda, and the Pakistani government often points to such evidence as the alleged Indian spy Kulbhushan Jadhav, who was caught in the Baluchistan province on 3 March 2016. 63 The new rail, sea freight will cut logistics cost, including that of transport, by 50 per cent. 400 Havelian Abbottabad Dry Port 450 M. A vast network of highways and railways are to be built under the aegis of CPEC that will span the length and breadth of Pakistan. Economic analysts have stated tangible benefits of this initiative including an end to the major energy shortages in Pakistan which had previously crippled economic growth. The two nations also pledged co-operation in field ranging from anti-narcotic efforts, 240 to co-operation in an effort to reduce climate

10 change. Near the Thar-I Project, the China Machinery Engineering Corporation in conjunction with Pakistan s Engro Corporation will construct two 330 MW power plants as part of the Thar-ll Project having initially proposed the simultaneous construction of two 660 MW power plants as well as developing a coal mine capable of producing up to 3. 101 102 The 175 kilometre road between Gilgit and Skardu will be upgraded to a 4-lane road at a cost of 475 million to provide direct access to Skardu from the N-35. 213 The first phase is expected to be complete by early 2019, 214 at a cost of 1. Khunjerab Railway Edit. 203 Pakistan s NEPRA has been criticized for considering a relatively high tariff of 11. As part of CPEC, the two countries signed an Economic and Technical Cooperation Agreement, 240 as well as pledged to China-Pakistan Joint Cotton Bio-Tech Laboratory 240 The two countries also pledged to establish the China-Pakistan Joint Marine Research Center with State Oceanic Administration and Pakistan s Ministry of Science and Technology 240 Also as part of the CPEC agreement, Pakistan and China have agreed to co-operate in the field of space research. 4 billion, 1,100 MW Kohala Hydropower Project being constructed by China s Three Gorges Corporation predates the announcement of CPEC, though funding for the project will now come from CPEC fund. The Exim Bank of China will finance those investments at 5 6 interest rates, while the government of Pakistan will be contractually obliged to purchase electricity from those firms at pre-negotiated rates. 432 Others have alleged that CPEC is a conspiracy meant to stimulate the settlement of migrants from other regions of Pakistan in order to render ethnic Baloch a minority in the province. The first part of the expedited first phase of the project will focus on upgrading the Multan to Peshawar section, which will then be followed by the Hyderabad to Multan section, and finally by the Hyderabad to Karachi section. 120 Portions of the project will also be funded by a 90. The Chinese government has already upgraded the road linking Kashgar to Osh in Kyrgyzstan via the Kyrgyz town of Erkeshtam while a railway between Urumqi, China and Almaty, Kazakhstan has also been completed as part of China s One Belt One Road initiative.

213 The first phase is expected to be complete by early 2019, 214 at a cost of 1. Khunjerab Railway Edit. 203 Pak- istan s NEPRA has been criticized for considering a relatively high tariff of 11. As part of CPEC, the two countries signed an Economic and Technical Cooperation Agreement, 240 as well as pledged to China-Pakistan Joint Cotton Bio-Tech Laboratory 240 The two countries also pledged to establish the China-Pakistan Joint Marine Research Center with State Oceanic Administration and Pakistan s Ministry of Science and Technology 240 Also as part of the CPEC agreement, Pakistan and China have agreed to co-operate in the field of space research. 4 billion, 1,100 MW Kohala Hydropower Project being constructed by China s Three Gorges Corporation predates the announcement of CPEC, though funding for the project will now come from CPEC fund. The Exim Bank of China will finance those investments at 5 6 interest rates, while the government of Pakistan will be contractually obliged to purchase electricity from those firms at pre-negotiated rates. 432 Others have alleged that CPEC is a conspiracy meant to stimulate the settlement of migrants from other regions of Pakistan in order to render ethnic Baloch a minority in the province. The first part of the expedited first phase of the project will focus on upgrading the Multan to Peshawar section, which will then be followed by the Hyderabad to Multan section, and finally by the Hyderabad to Karachi section. 120 Portions of the project will also be funded by a 90. The Chinese government has already upgraded the road linking Kashgar to Osh in Kyrgyzstan via the Kyrgyz town of Erkeshtam while a railway between Urumqi, China and Almaty, Kazakhstan has also been completed as part of China s One Belt One Road initiative. India s Highways and Shipping Minister, Nitin Gadkari suggested that the free trade zone in Chabahar had the potential to attract upwards of 15 billion worth of investment in the future, 319 although he stated that such investments are predicated upon Iran offering India natural gas at a rate of 1. Construction on a 24 kilometer series of bridges and tunnels to Attabad Lake began in 2012 and required 36 months for completion. In early March 2016, the Afghan government reportedly acquiesced to Pakistani requests to use Afghanistan as a corridor to Tajikistan, after having dropped demands from reciprocal access to India via Pakistan. 270 CPEC is considered economically vital to Pakistan in helping it drive economic growth. Under the proposed project medical blocks, nursing and paramedical institutes, medical college, central laboratory, and other allied facilities are to be constructed with the supply of medical equipment and machinery. The Shanghai Electric company of China will construct two 660 MW power plants as part of the Thar-I project in the Thar coalfield of Sindh province, while Thar-ll will be developed by a separate consortium. CPEC include establishment of pilot project of Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast for Pakistan Television Corporation through Chinese grant at Rebroadcast Station RBS at Murree. Upgrade and construction works on this section currently known as Super Highway between Karachi and Hyderabad began in March 2015, and will convert the road into the 4-lane controlled access M9 Motorway which was completed in an estimated 30 months. The CPEC announcement encompassed not only infrastructure works, but also addressed areas of co-operation between China and Pakistan. In September 2015, the government of China also announced that the 230 million Gwadar International Airport project would no longer be financed by loans, but would instead be constructed by grants which the government of Pakistan will not be required to repay.

India s Highways and Shipping Minister, Nitin Gadkari suggested that the free trade zone in Chabahar had the potential to attract upwards of 15 billion worth of investment in the future, 319 although he stated that such investments are predicated upon Iran offering India natural gas at a rate of 1. Construction on a 24 kilometer series of bridges and tunnels to Attabad Lake began in 2012 and required 36 months for completion. In early March 2016, the Afghan government reportedly acquiesced to Pakistani requests to use Afghanistan as a corridor to Tajikistan, after having dropped demands from reciprocal access to India via Pakistan. 270 CPEC is considered economically vital to Pakistan in helping it drive economic growth. Under the proposed project medical blocks, nursing and paramedical institutes, medical college, central laboratory, and other allied facilities are to be constructed with the supply of medical equipment and machinery. The Shanghai Electric company of China will construct two 660 MW power plants as part of the Thar-I project in the Thar coalfield of Sindh province, while Thar-ll will be developed by a separate consortium. CPEC include establishment of pilot project of Digital Terrestrial Multimedia Broadcast for Pakistan Television Corporation through Chinese grant at Rebroadcast Station RBS at Murree. Upgrade and construction works on this section currently known as Super Highway between Karachi and Hyderabad began in March 2015, and will convert the road into the 4-lane controlled access M9 Motorway which was completed in an estimated 30 months. The CPEC announcement encompassed not only infrastructure works, but also addressed areas of co-operation between China and Pakistan. In September 2015, the government of China also announced that the 230 million Gwadar International Airport project would no longer be financed by loans, but would instead be constructed by grants which the government of Pakistan will not be required to repay. 30 While some Early Harvest projects will not be completed until 2020, the government of Pakistan plans to add approximately 10,000 MW of energy-generating capacity to Pakistan s electric grid by 2018 through the completion of projects which complement CPEC. Several

11 articles in Pakistan have criticised the project s finances as being shrouded in mystery, while one article suggested that there is far too much secrecy and far too little transparency. According to critics including the United States and India, the project is a debt-trap. 8 Mtpa SEC Mine Mouth Power Plant 2 660 MW 1,912 US million First Unit 660 MW is targeted by Aug 2022. 216 217 Pakistan s NEPRA and SinoHydro agreed to set the levelized tariff for electricity purchased from the consortium at 8. The expanded port is located near a 2,282-acre free trade area in Gwadar which is being modeled on the lines of the Special Economic Zones of China. 248 Thus, Pakistan only has to repay the principal on these loans. 87 and construction of a fish landing jetty. Renewable-energy Edit. 6 , 248 after Pakistan successfully lobbied the Chinese government to reduce interest rates from an initial 3.

30 While some Early Harvest projects will not be completed until 2020, the government of Pakistan plans to add approximately 10,000 MW of energy-generating capacity to Pakistan s electric grid by 2018 through the completion of projects which complement CPEC. Several articles in Pakistan have criticised the project s finances as being shrouded in mystery, while one article suggested that there is far too much secrecy and far too little transparency. According to critics including the United States and India, the project is a debt-trap. 8 Mtpa SEC Mine Mouth Power Plant 2 660 MW 1,912 US million First Unit 660 MW is targeted by Aug 2022. 216 217 Pakistan s NEPRA and SinoHydro agreed to set the levelized tariff for electricity purchased from the consortium at 8. The expanded port is located near a 2,282-acre free trade area in Gwadar which is being modeled on the lines of the Special Economic Zones of China. 248 Thus, Pakistan only has to repay the principal on these loans. 87 and construction of a fish landing jetty. Renewable-energy Edit. 6 , 248 after Pakistan successfully lobbied the Chinese government to reduce interest rates from an initial 3. 365 Balakh Sher Badini, a senior militant commander of the Balochistan Liberation Army, surrendered to Pakistani forces in January 2017. 389 Reconstruction of the Karakoram Highway Phase II Thakot -Havelian Section 118 km 1,315 US million Project substantially completed by March 2020. Following the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, large-scale reconstruction work of infrastructure took place across northern Kashmir with the assistance of South Korean, Turkish, and Saudi firms. Initial infrastructure works at Gwadar Port commenced in 2002 and were completed in 2007, 44 however plans to upgrade and expand Gwadar s port stalled. India, Iran, and Afghanistan also signed an agreement with the intention of simplifying transit procedures between the three countries. 296 Indian maritime surveillance in the Andaman Sea could possibly enhance Chinese interest in Pakistan s Gwadar Port the Kyaukpyu Port, which is currently being developed in Myanmar by the Chinese government as another alternate route around the Straits of Malacca, will likely be vulnerable to similar advances by the Indian Navy. 33 From the initial project, the scope has expanded from a net worth of 46 billion to 60 billion according to some sources. 120 121 The portion of motorway between Abdul Hakeem and Lahore that is under construction as part of CPEC will consist of the remaining 231 kilometers. The CPEC is a landmark project 269 in the annals of history of Pakistan. 126 The motorway will terminate near the town of Yarik, just north of Dera Ismail Khan.

365 Balakh Sher Badini, a senior militant commander of the Balochistan Liberation Army, surrendered to Pakistani forces in January 2017. 389 Reconstruction of the Karakoram Highway Phase II Thakot -Havelian Section 118 km 1,315 US million Project substantially completed by March 2020. Following the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, large-scale reconstruction work of infrastructure took place across northern Kashmir with the assistance of South Korean, Turkish, and Saudi ﬁrms. Initial infrastructure works at Gwadar Port commenced in 2002 and were completed in 2007, 44 however plans to upgrade and expand Gwadar s port stalled. India, Iran, and Afghanistan also signed an agreement with the intention of simplifying transit procedures between the three countries. 296 Indian maritime surveillance in the Andaman Sea could possibly enhance Chinese interest in Pakistan s Gwadar Port the Kyaukpyu Port, which is currently being developed in Myanmar by the Chinese government as another alternate route around the Straits of Malacca, will likely be vulnerable to similar advances by the Indian Navy. 33 From the initial project, the scope has expanded from a net worth of 46 billion to 60 billion according to some sources. 120 121 The portion of motorway between Abdul Hakeem and Lahore that is under construction as part of CPEC will consist of the remaining 231 kilometers. The CPEC is a landmark project 269 in the annals of history of Pakistan. 126 The motorway will terminate near the town of Yarik, just north of Dera Ismail Khan. It was built by a joint venture of two Chinese ﬁrms the Huaneng Shandong company and Shandong Ruyi, who will jointly own and operate the plant. 261 Chinese state-owned banks will provide loans to the consortium that are subsidised by the Chinese government. 6 , as the project is not being developed by the Pakistani government. Subsequent developments Edit. Pakistani economy Edit. China Pakistan Economic Corridor Mission statement Motorways expansion, Special Economic Zones, energy production, Mass transit Type of project Economic corridor Location Pakistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, Punjab, Balochistan, Sindh Azad Kashmir China Xinjiang Country China Pakistan Established 22 May 2013 8 years ago 2013-05-22 Budget China Development Bank Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Silk Road Fund Exim Bank of China Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Status Energy projects operational Special Economic Zones Under construction 2020 2 3 Website cpec. 5 billion investment to set up an information and technology park as part of the CPEC project. 99 US cents kWh for the next 1,099 MW as further phases are developed. 241 The park will be situated on 500 hectares, which will be provided by Pakistan to China s Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with all investments expected to come from the Chinese side over the course of ten years. Pakistan stands to gain due to upgrade of infrastructure and introduction of a reliable energy supply.

It was built by a joint venture of two Chinese ﬁrms the Huaneng Shandong company and Shandong Ruyi, who will jointly own and operate the plant. 261 Chinese state-owned banks will provide loans to the consortium that are subsidised by the Chinese government. 6 , as the project is not being developed by the Pakistani government. Subsequent developments Edit. Pakistani economy Edit. China Pakistan Economic Corridor Mission statement Motorways expansion, Special Economic Zones, energy production, Mass transit Type of project Economic corridor Location Pakistan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit-Baltistan, Punjab, Balochistan, Sindh Azad Kashmir China Xinjiang Country China Pakistan Established 22 May 2013 8 years ago 2013-05-22 Budget China Development Bank Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank Silk Road Fund Exim Bank of China Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Status Energy projects operational Special Economic Zones Under construction 2020 2 3 Website cpec. 5 billion investment to set up an information and technology park as part of the CPEC project. 99 US cents kWh for the next 1,099 MW as further phases are developed. 241 The park will be situated on 500 hectares, which will be provided by Pakistan to China s Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, with all investments expected to come from the Chinese side over the course of ten years. Pakistan stands to gain due to upgrade of infrastructure and introduction of a reliable energy

12 supply. The 44 million Pakistan-China Fiber Optic Project, an 820 km long fibre optic wire connecting Pakistan and China, will be constructed using concessionary loans at an interest rate of 2 , rather than the 1. 26 billion with 90 of funding to come from China s EXIM bank in the form of low interest rate concessional loans. 9 billion loan were given final approvals required prior to disbursement of the funds were given by the Government of the People s Republic of China on 4 May 2016, and will be concessionary loans with an interest rate of 2. 50 371 In 2014, Pakistan launched Operation Zarb-e-Azb to eradicate Tehrik-i-Taliban militants from Pakistani territory, following an attack on Karachi s airport, and the 2014 Peshawar school massacre in which terrorists from Tehrik-i-Taliban killed 148 school children. Pakistan Navy and Chinese Navy ships are to jointly guard the safety and security of the trade corridor, as Pakistan seeks to expand the role of its maritime forces. At the southern end of the N-35, works are already underway to construct a 59-kilometer-long, 4-lane controlled-access highway between Burhan and Havelian which upon completion will be officially referred to as the E-35 expressway. 444 445 India s Foreign Secretary Subrahmanyam Jaishankar also confirmed that the issue had been raised with the Chinese government on the trip.

218 The first 660 MW reactor was commissioned in November 2017. Improvement projects on this section are expected to be completed by January 2017 at a cost of approximately 72 million. 287 CPEC is considered central to China Pakistan relations; its central importance is reflected by China s inclusion of the project as part of its 13th five-year development plan. In addition to upgrading the ML-1, the CPEC project also calls for similar major upgrade on the 1,254 kilometre long Main Line 2 ML-2 railway between Kotri in Sindh province, and Attock in northern Punjab province via the cities of Larkana and Dera Ghazi Khan. 436 Burzine Waghmar, a member of the Centre for the Study of Pakistan, SOAS, University of London, suggested that CPEC projects are not targeted towards benefiting the indigenous Baloch population, and will accelerate human rights violations in the province. 396 Orange Line Lahore Metro 1,626 US million Project is completed and inaugurated on Oct 25,2020. 6 billion 107 Karachi Lahore Motorway are already under construction. The two roads form the 447-kilometer route between Quetta and Multan in southern Punjab. 12 US cents kWh.

50 371 In 2014, Pakistan launched Operation Zarb-e-Azb to eradicate Tehrik-i-Taliban militants from Pakistani territory, following an attack on Karachi s airport, and the 2014 Peshawar school massacre in which terrorists from Tehrik-i-Taliban killed 148 school children. Pakistan Navy and Chinese Navy ships are to jointly guard the safety and security of the trade corridor, as Pakistan seeks to expand the role of its maritime forces. At the southern end of the N-35, works are already underway to construct a 59-kilometer-long, 4-lane controlled-access highway between Burhan and Havelian which upon completion will be oﬃcially referred to as the E-35 expressway. 444 445 India s Foreign Secretary Subrahmanyam Jaishankar also conﬁrmed that the issue had been raised with the Chinese government on the trip.

At the southern end of the N-35, works are already underway to construct a 59-kilometer-long, 4-lane controlled-access highway between Burhan and Havelian which upon completion will be oﬃcially referred to as the E-35 expressway. 444 445 India s Foreign Secretary Subrahmanyam Jaishankar also conﬁrmed that the issue had been raised with the Chinese government on the trip.

444 445 India s Foreign Secretary Subrahmanyam Jaishankar also conﬁrmed that the issue had been raised with the Chinese government on the trip.

12 US cents kWh. Essay About Learning Objectives