Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The Welsh Clergy 1558-1642 Thesis How to cite: (1999). The Welsh Clergy 1558-1642. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 1998 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000e23c Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk UOL. I YF- L-- ciao The Welsh Clergy 1558 - 1642 Barrie Williams M. A., M. Litt., S.Th. A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 1998 Faculty of Arts History Department THE OPEN UNIVERSITY a n-1O2'S NO'. fl'\7O22SZ% etc CCE SVßmýý1Gý1 '. 22 oaCEMS2 E'. ICIq S OQT2 CF IaK. S: l t4 výNlX1' ý! 1c1 Olq CONTENTS VOLUME I Contents I Abstract. Preface Introduction 1 Part 1: The Beneficed Clergy Chapter I: The Welsh Bishops The Elizabethan Settlement 22 The Age of Archbishop Whitgift 45 From the Accession of James I to the Civil War 64+ Chapter 2: The Welsh-Cathedral''jClergy 91 St`Asaph 92 Vicars Choral 96. Bangor 98 Vicars Choral 106 Llandaff 101 St'. rDavld' s 103 Brecon Co ll e'giate Church 107' Llanddewi Brefi 109 Conclusion 114 Appendix : The Life of the Cathedral. Chapters 120 Chapter 3: The Welsh Sinecure Clergy 126 Sto4Asaph 128 Bangor 137' St'Mavid' s 14L Social and Geographical Origin s of the Sinecure Clergy 143 Chapter 4: The Parochial Clergy 148 At. the Accession of Elizabeth 149 Appendix : The 1603 Survey 153 St. "Asaph 155 Bangor 171 Llandaff 187 Sf; DavidIs 200 (CTD.) Chapter. 4 ctd; Social and' Geographical Origins of the Parochial Clergy 220 Appendix : The Llanllyfni. Papers 236 Part. 2: The Clergy and the Laity Chapter 5: Patronage and Sureties 242 Patronage of the Lord. Keeper 243 Lay Patronage : St;! Davidt s 255 Llandaff : The Gentry 257 The Nobility 260 Bangor and St; Asaph 261 Sureties 262 Chapter 6:: Impropriationsl, `Curacies and Chapl ainciea The Unbeneficed Clergy 273 Chaplains to Private Patrons 288 Clerical Schoolmasters 291 Appendix : The St4. Asaph 'Register' 299 Chapter 7: Remuneration of the Clergy 306 Appendix : Clerical Wills 325 Chapter 8: Communicating the Faith 329 Appendix : Lay Spirituality 348 Conclusion 355 EX12 RESEARCH DEGREES CENTRE LIBRARY AUTHORISATION FORM Pleasereturn this form to the The ResearchDegrees Centre with the two bound copiesof your thesis to be depositedwith the University Library. All students should complete Pait I. Part 2 only applies to PhD students. Student: 6 cY. ß11Kale W It 1tIf) s PI: 10 2. S31 -N, G. '-b Degree:, . 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QI [b] do not wish the OpenUniversity to loan the British Library a copy of my thesis. /S/ iS gi ci Signed: Date: (9 , h:va: on\weimvord\resexam\exdocCE\12 ABSTRACT The Introduction defines 'Welsh Clergy' for the purposes of this study, i. e. those in the dioceses of St Asaph, Bangor, Liandaff and St David's, and sets out the objectives of the enquiry - to ascertain who the Welsh Clergy were in 1558-1642, and how far they conformed to the Reformation ideals of a learned and caring clergy. There follows a biographical study of each of the Welsh bishops in the period. In the following in three sections, the clergy are studied the categories - cathedral, sinecure and parochial. Next follows a consideration of the influence of the laity, including the Crown, on the clergy in the capacity of patrons and sureties. Evidence regarding the unbeneficed clergy (curates, chaplains and schoolmasters) follows. The remuneration of the clergy in Wales is discussed.. The Welsh clergy are next considered as communicators of the faith, and the study concludes with an assessment of how are standard improved among them in this period, with some considerations of their opposite numbers in England. In Volume II, the evidence is summarisedin the form of tables. It . PREFACE.. This enquiry was prompted by 'a wish to fill a gap. ' A.. G.. Matthewst Walker Revised had proved a valuable- source of information in my first research project, studying the impact of the Civil War in Wil'tshire. 'My interest shifted to Wales which is- scarcely touched upon in Matthews' book, and my first intention was to try to close the gap by looking at the effects of that great upheaval in the four Welsh dioceses"; But as the study developed' my objective moved to an attempt to fill a deeper and more important gaps: an assessment of the achievement of the Church in Wales between the accession of Queen Elizabeth I and the outbreak of the Civil War. ` Studies of the Church of England in this period have paid too little attention to the four Welsh dioceses. To many English scholars: Wales may seem unfamiliar terri. t- ory"; i That. Wales was, and iss different from England is without doubt, 'though it is hard to say in exactly what. ways it Is different. Even allowing for the important fact. that most of its inhabitants were more-or-less monoglot Welsh speakers, it. is: questionable whether Wales was so very different from the English-speaking heartland than, say, Cornwall or Cumbria; In any case, the same Church served the whole: of England and Wales, and for good measure the Channel. Islands and the Isle of Man. ' To neglect any part of that. varied canvas is to distort the picture, Another reason why the Church in Wales has suffered neglect in this period is the nature, of the source mater- ial. "1 Diocesan records, in particular, are almost non- existant between 1558 and 1642'. 1 What are available, how- ever, are records from which` it is, possible to ascertain who most of the Welsh clergy were at this time, at least the incumbents and higher clergyy; There are gaps in the information, but, an overall picture emerges; If it encour- ages English scholars to explore this,, field further, most of the records are located, in London, and they are in Eng- lish, with occasional Latin, but not Welsh; It should be said however, "that books and articles on this topic have iii. - been written in Welsh, and not all. are available in translati onV Because of the nature of the material, this study has concentrated on two questions : Who were the Welsh cler- gy between 1558 and 1642 ? and, What were they like ? at least so far as the: Lr origins and education were concern- ed`0 It is, therefore, a study of the Welsh clergy rather than the Welsh Church. ' Account is taken, however, of par- ochial and diocesan structure and the remuneration of the clergy, since these factors provided the framework in which the Church functioned: Since establishing who the clergy were has been one of the main objectives, pre- been senting the material. in an accessible form has an to important consideration}: I found that the only way the do this was to present it in the form of tables of cathedral, sinecure and parish clergy, cross-referencing them as fully as possible This has raised many uncert- tables ainties as to identification, and the resulting reflect degrees of pzrobabllity: I have followed previous scholars in making or suggesting identifications as well It is as making sometimes tentative ones of my own`: to hoped that scholars in future will be able certify or correct individual cases: Information regarding the unbeneficed clergy is much to more sparse; But I believed that it would be wrong in- ignore such information as did exists There is more formation available as to churches and chapelries which were served by curates-than as to the clergy who served if thentt.; I felt it was right to tabulate such places, had only to indicate that Wal'esp like England, many by places of worship other than parish churches served to rectors and vicars=. Finally, I have aimed set such in the knowledge of the Welsh clergy as is available laity their context of their relations with the and d'uty of communicating the faith.