Manuel D'iconographie

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Manuel D'iconographie Guide de la peinture GUIDE DE LA PEINTURE (MANUEL DE L’ICONOGRAPHIE) de Denyse de Fourna traduit du grec en 1845 par le Dr Paul Durand file:///Users/hmCassien/Desktop/guide/titre.htm10/07/07 15:02 A Marie Mère de Dieu GUIDE DE LA PEINTURE À MARIE MÈRE DE DIEU ET TOUJOURS VIERGE Ô vous, qui êtes aussi resplendissante que le soleil, très chérie et toute gracieuse mère de Dieu, Marie ! saint Luc, source d'éloquence, très savant médecin, maître parfait et docteur accompli dans toutes les sciences et dans toutes les connaissances, après avoir été sanctifié par les préceptes de l'Évangile, qu'il prêcha à haute voix et qu'il écrivit, voulut montrer évidemment à tout le monde le très saint amour qu'il avait pour votre gracieuse et divine grandeur : il jugea, et avec raison, que, de tout ce qu'il possédait en science et en richesses spirituelles, il n'y avait rien dont il pût vous faire dignement l'offrande, si ce n'est la représentation de votre beauté admirable et pleine de charmes, qu'il avait contemplée véritablement de ses yeux. Ce saint et savant personnage employa toutes les ressources des couleurs et des mosaïques dorées pour peindre et graver fidèlement cette image sur des tableaux, d'après les règles de son art. Moi, à mon tour, faible imitateur, j'ai voulu suivre les traces de ce savant, et je me suis adonné à la peinture sacrée, avec la confiance que mes moyens ne seraient pas au-dessous de mon bon vouloir, pour accomplir mon devoir envers votre sainte personne, votre vénérable grandeur et votre admirable magnificence. Mais j'avoue que je me suis bien trompé dans ce hardi projet; car ma capacité et mes moyens n'ont pas répondu à mes désirs. Je n'ai pas voulu, néanmoins, abandonner complètement ce beau dessein, ni perdre tout le fruit de mes travaux, et j'ai osé vous offrir et remettre entre vos mains l'explication et l'interprétation de cet art, dont je m'étais enquis avec le plus grand soin et la plus attentive exactitude, afin de former la méthode la plus convenable. Car je n'ignore pas, ô Vierge ! que, vous et le créateur de toutes choses, vous daignez agréer avec bienveillance tout ce que l'homme peut faire. Je vous présente donc cette oeuvre, que j'ai destinée aux peintres ornés des dons de la nature, pour les aider dans les commencements de cet art, et surtout pour indiquer un bon système, l'emploi des couleurs, le choix des sujets. Je montre comment et dans quels endroits des temples sacrés il faut les distribuer, afin que les murs soient décorés d'une manière convenable et agréable par ces peintures. Je désire surtout que votre éblouissante et gracieuse image se réfléchisse sans cesse dans le miroir des âmes, et les conserve pures jusqu'à la fin des siècles; qu'elle relève ceux qui sont courbés vers la terre, et qu'elle donne de l'espoir à ceux qui considèrent et imitent cet éternel modèle de beauté. Puissé-je aussi moi-même, par le secours de vos saints mérites, obtenir le bonheur de vous contempler face à face ! file:///Users/hmCassien/Desktop/guide/marie.htm10/07/07 15:02 A tous les peintres A TOUS LES PEINTRES ET A TOUS CEUX QUI, AIMANT L'INSTRUCTION, ÉTUDIERONT CE LIVRE SALUT DANS LE SEIGNEUR. Sachant, ô vous tous, disciples des peintres laborieux, que le Seigneur, dans son saint Évangile, a maudit celui qui avait enfoui son talent, en lui disant: u Méchant et paresseux serviteur, tu devais faire valoir l'argent que je t'avais confié, afin qu'à mon retour je pusse le retrouver avec profit, j'ai craint moi-même d'encourir cette malédiction. Je n'ai donc pas voulu. cacher mon talent, c'est-à-dire le peu d'art que je connais, que j'ai appris depuis mon enfance et étudié avec beaucoup de peine, m'efforçant d'imiter, autant qu'il m'était possible, le célèbre et illustre maître Manuel Pansélinos de Thessalonique. Après avoir travaillé dans les églises admirables qu'il a ornées de peintures magnifiques dans la montagne sainte de l'Athos, ce peintre jeta autrefois un éclat si brillant par ses connaissances dans son art, qu'il était comparé à la lune dans toute sa splendeur 1 II s'est élevé au-dessus de tous les peintres anciens et modernes, comme le prouvent encore évidemment ses peintures sur mur et sur bois. C'est ce que comprendront très-bien tous ceux qui, possédant un peu la peinture, contempleront et examineront les oeuvres de ce peintre. Cet art de la peinture, qui, dès l'enfance, m'a coûté tant de peine à apprendre à Thessalonique', j'ai voulu le propager pour l'utilité de ceux qui veulent également s'y adonner, et leur expliquer, dans cet ouvrage, toutes les mesures, les caractères des figures, et les couleurs des chairs et des ornements, avec une grande exactitude. En outre, j'ai voulu expliquer les mesures du naturel 3, 3e travail particulier à chaque sujet, les différentes préparations de vernis, de colle, de plâtre et d'or, et la manière de peindre sur les murs avec le plus de perfection. J'ai indiqué aussi toute la suite de l'Ancien et du Nouveau Testament; la manière de représenter les faits naturels et les miracles de la Bible, et en même temps les paraboles du Seigneur; les légendes, les épigraphes qui conviennent à chaque prophète; le nom et les caractères du visage des apôtres et des principaux saints; leur martyre et une partie de leurs miracles, selon l'ordre du calendrier. Je dis comment on peint les églises, et je donne d'autres enseignements nécessaires à l'art de la peinture, ainsi qu'on peut le voir dans la table. J'ai rassemblé tous ces matériaux avec beaucoup de peine et de wins, aidé de mon élève, maitre Cyrille de Chio, qui a corrigé tout cela avec une grande attention. Priez donc pour nous, vous tous, afin que le Seigneur nous délivre de la crainte d'être condamnés comme mauvais serviteurs. Le plus indigne des peintres, DENYS, moine de Fourna. file:///Users/hmCassien/Desktop/guide/peintres.htm10/07/07 15:02 exercises QUELQUES EXERCICES PRÉLIMINAIRES ET INSTRUCTIONS POUR CELUI QUI VEUT APPRENDRE L'ART DE LA PEINTURE Que celui qui veut apprendre la science de la peinture commence à s'en approcher et à s'y préparer d'avance pendant quelque temps, en dessinant sans relâche et simplement, sans employer de mesure, jusqu'à ce qu'il ait acquis un peu d'expérience et qu'il fasse preuve de capacité. Puis qu'il adresse à Jésus Christ la prière et oraison suivante, devant une icône de la Mère de Dieu, de la Vierge CONDUCTRICE, pendant qu'un prêtre le bénit : Roi du ciel, etc. etc. ensuite l'hymne de la Vierge, un invitatoire et les versets de la transfiguration. Puis, ayant tracé sur sa tête le signe de la croix, qu'il dise à haute voix : «Prions le Seigneur : Seigneur Jésus Christ, notre Dieu ! vous qui êtes doué d'une nature divine et sans bornes, qui avez pris un corps dans le sein de la Vierge Marie pour le salut de l'homme, vous qui avez daigné dessiner le caractère sacré de votre visage immortel et l'imprimer sur un saint voile, qui servit à guérir la maladie du satrape Abgar, et à éclairer son âme pour la connaissance du vrai Dieu, vous qui avez illuminé de votre saint Esprit votre divin apôtre et évangéliste Luc, afin qu'il pût représenter la beauté de votre mère très pure, de celle qui vous a porté tout petit enfant dans ses bras, et qui disait : La grâce de celui qui est né de moi s'est répandue sur les hommes, vous, maître divin de tout ce qui existe, éclairez et dirigez mon âme, et le coeur et l'esprit de votre serviteur (N.); conduisez ses mains, afin qu'il puisse représenter dignement et parfaitement votre image, celle de votre très sainte mère et celle de tous les saints, pour la gloire, la joie et l'embellissement de votre très sainte Église. Pardonnez les péchés de tous ceux qui vénéreront ces icônes, et qui, se mettant pieusement à genoux devant elles, rendront honneur au modèle qui est dans les cieux. Sauvez-les de toute influence mauvaise, et instruisez-les par de bons conseils. Je vous en conjure, par l'intermédiaire de votre très sainte mère, de l'illustre apôtre et évangéliste saint Luc, et de tous les saints. Amen. INVITATOIRE ET CONCLUSION Après la prière, que l'élève apprenne avec exactitude les proportions et les caractères des figures; qu'il dessine beaucoup, qu'il travaille sans relâche, et, avec le secours de Dieu, il deviendra habile au bout d'un certain temps, ainsi que l'expérience me l'a montré pour mes disciples. C'est dans ce but que j'ai travaillé avec plaisir à cet ouvrage, afin que les peintres, mes frères en Jésus Christ, et tous ceux qui adopteront ce livre, puissent agir pour la gloire de Dieu. Qu'ils prient Dieu pour moi ! Mais, si quelque envieux ou méchant vient blâmer, en quelque façon que ce soit, mon but désintéressé, qu'il sache qu'il ne se fera tort qu'à lui-même; car, comme l'a dit un auteur, l'envie est une chose mauvaise, mais au moins a-t-elle un avantage, c'est qu'elle dévore les yeux et le coeur de celui qui en est possédé.
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