Ricardo De Nardi Fonoff

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ricardo De Nardi Fonoff Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Diversidade de fungos do solo da Mata Atlântica Vívian Gonçalves Carvalho Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Microbiologia Agrícola Piracicaba 2012 2 Vívian Gonçalves Carvalho Bacharel e Licenciada em Ciências Biológicas Diversidade de fungos do solo da Mata Atlântica versão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011 Orientador: Prof. Dr. MARCIO RODRIGUES LAMBAIS Tese apresentada para obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências. Área de concentração: Microbiologia Agrícola Piracicaba 2012 Dados Internacionais de Catalogação na Publicação DIVISÃO DE BIBLIOTECA - ESALQ/USP Carvalho, Vívian Gonçalves Diversidade de fungos do solo da Mata Atlântica / Vívian Gonçalves Carvalho. - - versão revisada de acordo com a resolução CoPGr 6018 de 2011. - - Piracicaba, 2012. 203 p. : il. Tese (Doutorado) - - Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, 2012. 1. Biodiversidade 2. Fungos - Mata Atlântica 3. Filogenia 4. Matéria orgânica do solo 5. Microbiologia do solo 6. Reação em cadeia por polimerase 7. Redes neurais I. Título CDD 631.46 C331d “Permitida a cópia total ou parcial deste documento, desde que citada a fonte – O autor” 3 Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, Célia e Afrânio , por me ajudarem a realizar meus sonhos, pelo apoio incessante aos meus estudos, pelo amor que sempre deram. Aos meus irmãos, Ana Cláudia, Vinícius e Afrânio, pelo apoio, amor e por entenderem minha ausência. Aos meus sobrinhos, Isabella, Felipe e Samira, minhas alegrias. À vó Ana (in memorian), pelas orações, carinho, e força sempre. Vocês foram essenciais para que eu chegasse até aqui. Amo vocês! 4 5 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Prof. Dr. Marcio Rodrigues Lambais, pela orientação, incentivo e confiança ao longo desses quatro anos. Ao programa de Microbiologia Agrícola e à Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ-USP) pela oportunidade de crescimento profissional e por fornecer estrutura para realização do trabalho. À FAPESP pela bolsa concedida por três anos de curso e auxílio financeiro para desenvolvimento do projeto; ao CNPq, pela bolsa concedida durante nove meses e à CAPES, pela bolsa concedida nos meses iniciais do curso. Ao Prof. Dr. Ari Jumpponem (Kansas State University- USA) pelo acolhimento no laboratório durante o doutorado sanduíche, pelos ensinamentos, pela amizade. Ao colega Shawn Brown, pela co-orientação durante o doutorado sanduíche e pela amizade. À amiga Cintya Souza, pela colaboração essencial no desenvolvimento do projeto, por realizar o método de cultivo e a identificação dos fungos. Ao Prof. Dr. Ludwig Pfenning, pela orientação no método de lavagem de solo, pela participação no exame de qualificação, pela amizade e apoio. Ao Prof. Dr. Fernando Andreote, pelas sugestões durante o exame de qualificação e pela ajuda nas análises multivariadas. À Prof.a Dra. Lara Durães Sette, pela participação no exame de qualificação e pelas valiosas sugestões. À Prof.a Dra. Siu Mui Tsai, pela oportunidade do estágio em ensino. Aos funcionários Denise Mescolotti, Luis Fernando, Wladimir Rosignolo e Luiz Silva pela valiosa ajuda nos experimentos em laboratório; ao funcionário Dorival pela ajuda nas coletas de campo e à bibliotecária Silvia Zinsly, pela ajuda na formatação. Aos colegas Armando Cavalcante e Josiane Lopes pela ajuda na execução do trabalho. Aos grandes amigos do Laboratório de Microbiologia Molecular: Alice Cassetari, Ana Lo Buono, Joze Correa, Kelly Justin, Lucas Lopes, Rafael Valadares, Sandra Montenegro, Sílvia Barrera, Winston Franz Ruiz, Wladimir Rosignolo e em especial a Eder dos Santos, Adriano Lucheta, Elisa Matos, Gisele Nunes, Giselle 6 Fracetto, Rafael Armas, Maryeimy Varon e Winston Ruiz pelas valiosas ajudas nas análises, coletas e sugestões na escrita da tese. Aos meus pais Célia e Afrânio, aos irmãos Ana Cláudia, Vinícius, e Afrânio, meus cunhados Robson Aguiar e Marta Carvalho e meus sobrinhos, por todo o amor, atenção, por terem sempre me apoiado e por se fazerem presentes em todos os momentos da minha vida. Aos amigos da pós-graduação e de Piracicaba: Geraldo Junior, Yve Corrêa, Lígia Hansen, Carlos Ribeiro, Paulo Roger, Pablo Soares, Luciano França, Arlete Barneze, Daniel Lammel, Felipe Cury, Lucas Azevedo, Simone Braga, Emiliana Romagnoli, André Nakatani, Rafael Vasconcelos, Bruna Oliveira, André Mazzetto, Luiz Fernando, Mário Aguiar, Myllene Pinheiro, Nara Gustinelli, Marcelo Vaz. Em especial a Ricardo Rodrigues que foi muito importante durante a reta final, incentivando-me sempre a prosseguir. Às minhas amigas-irmãs Elisa Matos, Layanne Souza e Fabiana Mingossi, pela amizade, carinho, conselhos, convívio, por serem minha família em Piracicaba. Sem vocês tudo seria mais difícil. Aos amigos Sílvio Henrique, Maura Inforzato e Valdir Inforzato, Beatriz Rizzardo e Carlos Rizzardo, por terem se tornado uma família para mim durante parte dessa jornada. Aos eternos amigos: Ana Paula Carvalho, Caroline Pereira, Daniélle Fernandes e Marcos Fernandes, pela amizade, força e carinho de sempre. Aos amigos que me acolheram em Manhattan: Lindsay Ratllif, Faiza Khalil, Sebastian Wendel, Hugo Remaury, Lorena Montano, Manoelita Warkentien, Patrícia Ramirez, Marina Warkentien, Gregory Bedros, Nicolas Silva, Davi Gasparini, Deisy Corredor, Juan Molina, Jaime Tobon, Martha Caldas, Lior Kamara, Gabriela Rattin, Celine Aperce e Victoria Elgina. A todos os meus queridos familiares, amigos do mestrado e da graduação, por se fazerem presente mesmo à distância. A todos que não foram mencionados, mas que contribuíram de alguma maneira para a realização deste trabalho. Muito obrigada! 7 EPÍGRAFE “Nada é suficientemente bom. Então vamos fazer o que é certo, dedicar o melhor de nossos esforços para atingir o inatingível, desenvolver ao máximo os dons que Deus nos concedeu, e nunca parar de aprender.” Ludwig Van Beethoven 8 9 SUMÁRIO RESUMO ...................................................................................................................... 11 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 13 1 INTRODUÇÃO ........................................................................................................... 15 2 DESENVOLVIMENTO ............................................................................................... 17 2.1 Revisão Bibliográfica ............................................................................................... 17 2.1.1 A Mata Atlântica ................................................................................................... 17 2.1.2 Filogenia e taxonomia de fungos.......................................................................... 19 2.1.3 Fungos do solo ..................................................................................................... 23 2.1.4 Métodos de estudo da diversidade fúngica do solo.............................................. 25 2.1.4.1 Métodos tradicionais ......................................................................................... 25 2.1.4.2 Métodos moleculares ........................................................................................ 27 2.1.5 Ecologia de fungos em solos florestais ................................................................ 31 2.2 Material e métodos .................................................................................................. 35 2.2.1 Áreas de estudo ................................................................................................... 35 2.2.2 Amostragem ......................................................................................................... 39 2.2.3 Análises químicas ................................................................................................ 40 2.2.4 Fracionamento da Matéria Orgânica do Solo ....................................................... 40 2.2.5 Carbono e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana do solo ........................................ 41 2.2.5.1 Carbono da biomassa microbiana do solo ........................................................ 42 2.2.5.2 Nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana do solo ...................................................... 42 2.2.6 Processamento das amostras pelo método dependente de cultivo ..................... 43 2.2.6.1 Lavagem de solo e cultivo de partículas ........................................................... 43 2.2.6.2 Identificação e preservação dos isolados .......................................................... 44 2.2.6.3 Índices de Diversidade de espécies de fungos ................................................. 45 2.2.7 Processamento das amostras através de métodos moleculares ......................... 45 2.2.7.1 Extração de DNA ambiental .............................................................................. 45 2.2.7.2 Amplificação da região ITS do rRNA através de PCR ....................................... 46 2.2.7.3 Separação dos amplicons das regiões ITS por DGGE ..................................... 46 2.2.7.4 Pirosequenciamento .......................................................................................... 47 2.2.7.4.1 Amplificação por PCR para sequenciamento ................................................. 47 2.2.7.4.2 Bioinformática e designação das unidades taxonômicas operacionais (UTOs) .......................................................................................................................... 49 2.2.7.4.3
Recommended publications
  • Development and Evaluation of Rrna Targeted in Situ Probes and Phylogenetic Relationships of Freshwater Fungi
    Development and evaluation of rRNA targeted in situ probes and phylogenetic relationships of freshwater fungi vorgelegt von Diplom-Biologin Christiane Baschien aus Berlin Von der Fakultät III - Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. sc. techn. Lutz-Günter Fleischer Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Ulrich Szewzyk Berichter: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Felix Bärlocher Berichter: Dr. habil. Werner Manz Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 19.05.2003 Berlin 2003 D83 Table of contents INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 1 MATERIAL AND METHODS .................................................................................................................. 8 1. Used organisms ............................................................................................................................. 8 2. Media, culture conditions, maintenance of cultures and harvest procedure.................................. 9 2.1. Culture media........................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Culture conditions .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3. Maintenance of cultures.........................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Abacca Mosaic Virus
    Annex Decree of Ministry of Agriculture Number : 51/Permentan/KR.010/9/2015 date : 23 September 2015 Plant Quarantine Pest List A. Plant Quarantine Pest List (KATEGORY A1) I. SERANGGA (INSECTS) NAMA ILMIAH/ SINONIM/ KLASIFIKASI/ NAMA MEDIA DAERAH SEBAR/ UMUM/ GOLONGA INANG/ No PEMBAWA/ GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENTIFIC NAME/ N/ GROUP HOST PATHWAY DISTRIBUTION SYNONIM/ TAXON/ COMMON NAME 1. Acraea acerata Hew.; II Convolvulus arvensis, Ipomoea leaf, stem Africa: Angola, Benin, Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae; aquatica, Ipomoea triloba, Botswana, Burundi, sweet potato butterfly Merremiae bracteata, Cameroon, Congo, DR Congo, Merremia pacifica,Merremia Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, peltata, Merremia umbellata, Kenya, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Ipomoea batatas (ubi jalar, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, sweet potato) Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo. Uganda, Zambia 2. Ac rocinus longimanus II Artocarpus, Artocarpus stem, America: Barbados, Honduras, Linnaeus; Coleoptera: integra, Moraceae, branches, Guyana, Trinidad,Costa Rica, Cerambycidae; Herlequin Broussonetia kazinoki, Ficus litter Mexico, Brazil beetle, jack-tree borer elastica 3. Aetherastis circulata II Hevea brasiliensis (karet, stem, leaf, Asia: India Meyrick; Lepidoptera: rubber tree) seedling Yponomeutidae; bark feeding caterpillar 1 4. Agrilus mali Matsumura; II Malus domestica (apel, apple) buds, stem, Asia: China, Korea DPR (North Coleoptera: Buprestidae; seedling, Korea), Republic of Korea apple borer, apple rhizome (South Korea) buprestid Europe: Russia 5. Agrilus planipennis II Fraxinus americana,
    [Show full text]
  • Taxaarea Relationship and Neutral Dynamics Influence the Diversity Of
    bs_bs_banner Environmental Microbiology (2012) 14(6), 1488–1499 doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02737.x Taxa–area relationship and neutral dynamics influence the diversity of fungal communities on senesced tree leavesemi_2737 1488..1499 Larry M. Feinstein* and Christopher B. Blackwood to environmental changes may be enhanced with Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State increased understanding of the processes that regulate University, Kent, Ohio, USA fungal distributions. Variation in composition of ecological communities is commonly divided into two components: alpha diversity (number and evenness of taxa within a Summary sampling unit) and beta diversity (taxa turnover among This study utilized individual senesced sugar maple areas) (Gaston and Blackburn, 2000). and beech leaves as natural sampling units within For macroorganisms, it has been frequently observed which to quantify saprotrophic fungal diversity. Quan- that there is a correlation between the size of habitat tifying communities in individual leaves allowed us to patches or survey areas and the most fundamental determine if fungi display a classic taxa–area relation- measure of alpha diversity, number of taxa detected ship (species richness increasing with area). We (Rosenzweig, 1995; Connor and McCoy, 2001; Lomolino, found a significant taxa–area relationship for sugar 2001; Drakare et al., 2006). The ‘taxa–area relationship’ maple leaves, but not beech leaves, consistent with (TAR) refers to the shape of the increase in number of Wright’s species-energy theory. This suggests that taxa with increasing area, and has been most often mod- energy availability as affected plant biochemistry is a elled as a power law (S = cAz) where S is number of key factor regulating the scaling relationships of species, A is area, c is the intercept in log-log space, and fungal diversity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Obligate Endobacteria of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Are Ancient Heritable Components Related to the Mollicutes
    The ISME Journal (2010) 4, 862–871 & 2010 International Society for Microbial Ecology All rights reserved 1751-7362/10 $32.00 www.nature.com/ismej ORIGINAL ARTICLE The obligate endobacteria of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are ancient heritable components related to the Mollicutes Maria Naumann1,2, Arthur Schu¨ ler2 and Paola Bonfante1 1Department of Plant Biology, University of Turin and IPP-CNR, Turin, Italy and 2Department of Biology, Inst. Genetics, University of Munich (LMU), Planegg-Martinsried, Germany Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been symbionts of land plants for at least 450 Myr. It is known that some AMF host in their cytoplasm Gram-positive endobacteria called bacterium-like organisms (BLOs), of unknown phylogenetic origin. In this study, an extensive inventory of 28 cultured AMF, from diverse evolutionary lineages and four continents, indicated that most of the AMF species investigated possess BLOs. Analyzing the 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) as a phylogenetic marker revealed that BLO sequences from divergent lineages all clustered in a well- supported monophyletic clade. Unexpectedly, the cell-walled BLOs were shown to likely represent a sister clade of the Mycoplasmatales and Entomoplasmatales, within the Mollicutes, whose members are lacking cell walls and show symbiotic or parasitic lifestyles. Perhaps BLOs maintained the Gram-positive trait whereas the sister groups lost it. The intracellular location of BLOs was revealed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), and confirmed by pyrosequencing. BLO DNA could only be amplified from AMF spores and not from spore washings. As highly divergent BLO sequences were found within individual fungal spores, amplicon libraries derived from Glomus etunicatum isolates from different geographic regions were pyrosequenced; they revealed distinct sequence compositions in different isolates.
    [Show full text]
  • Peziza and Pezizaceae Inferred from Multiple Nuclear Genes: RPB2, -Tubulin, and LSU Rdna
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 36 (2005) 1–23 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Evolutionary relationships of the cup-fungus genus Peziza and Pezizaceae inferred from multiple nuclear genes: RPB2, -tubulin, and LSU rDNA Karen Hansen ¤, Katherine F. LoBuglio, Donald H. PWster Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Received 5 May 2004; revised 17 December 2004 Available online 22 April 2005 Abstract To provide a robust phylogeny of Pezizaceae, partial sequences from two nuclear protein-coding genes, RPB2 (encoding the sec- ond largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) and -tubulin, were obtained from 69 and 72 specimens, respectively, to analyze with nuclear ribosomal large subunit RNA gene sequences (LSU). The three-gene data set includes 32 species of Peziza, and 27 species from nine additional epigeous and six hypogeous (truZe) pezizaceous genera. Analyses of the combined LSU, RPB2, and -tubulin data set using parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian approaches identify 14 Wne-scale lineages within Pezizaceae. Species of Peziza occur in eight of the lineages, spread among other genera of the family, conWrming the non-monophyly of the genus. Although parsimony analyses of the three-gene data set produced a nearly completely resolved strict consensus tree, with increased conWdence, relationships between the lineages are still resolved with mostly weak bootstrap support. Bayesian analyses of the three- gene data, however, show support for several more inclusive clades, mostly congruent with Bayesian analyses of RPB2. No strongly supported incongruence was found among phylogenies derived from the separate LSU, RPB2, and -tubulin data sets. The RPB2 region appeared to be the most informative single gene region based on resolution and clade support, and accounts for the greatest number of potentially parsimony informative characters within the combined data set, followed by the LSU and the -tubulin region.
    [Show full text]
  • Bodenmikrobiologie (Version: 07/2019)
    Langzeitmonitoring von Ökosystemprozessen - Methoden-Handbuch Modul 04: Bodenmikrobiologie (Version: 07/2019) www.hohetauern.at Impressum Impressum Für den Inhalt verantwortlich: Dr. Fernando Fernández Mendoza & Prof. Mag Dr. Martin Grube Institut für Biologie, Bereich Pflanzenwissenschaften, Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz Nationalparkrat Hohe Tauern, Kirchplatz 2, 9971 Matrei i.O. Titelbild: Ein Transekt im Untersuchungsgebiet Innergschlöss (2350 m üNN) wird im Jahr 2017 beprobt. © Newesely Zitiervorschlag: Fernández Mendoza F, Grube M (2019) Langzeitmonitoring von Ökosystemprozessen im Nationalpark Hohe Tauern. Modul 04: Mikrobiologie. Methoden-Handbuch. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien. ISBN-Online: 978-3-7001-8752-3, doi: 10.1553/GCP_LZM_NPHT_Modul04 Weblink: https://verlag.oeaw.ac.at und http://www.parcs.at/npht/mmd_fullentry.php?docu_id=38612 Inhaltsverzeichnis Zielsetzung ...................................................................................................................................................... 1 Inhalt Vorbereitungsarbeit und benötigtes Material ................................................................................................... 2 a. Materialien für die Probenahme und Probenaufbewahrung ................................................................ 2 b. Materialien und Geräte für die Laboranalyse ...................................................................................... 2 Arbeitsablauf ...................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Investigação Sobre O Efeito Do Sistema De Cultivo Na Composição Da Microbiota Da Cana- De-Açúcar
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP CÂMPUS DE JABOTICABAL INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE O EFEITO DO SISTEMA DE CULTIVO NA COMPOSIÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA DA CANA- DE-AÇÚCAR Lucas Amoroso Lopes de Carvalho Biólogo 2021 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA - UNESP CÂMPUS DE JABOTICABAL INVESTIGAÇÃO SOBRE O EFEITO DO SISTEMA DE CULTIVO NA COMPOSIÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA DA CANA- DE-AÇÚCAR Discente: Lucas Amoroso Lopes de Carvalho Orientador: Prof. Dr. Daniel Guariz Pinheiro Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias – UNESP, Câmpus de Jaboticabal, como parte das exigências para a obtenção do título de Mestre em Microbiologia Agropecuária 2021 DADOS CURRICULARES DO AUTOR Lucas Amoroso Lopes de Carvalho, nascido em 6 de julho de 1992, no município de Jaboticabal, São Paulo, filho de Paula Regina Amoroso Lopes de Carvalho e Gilberto Lopes de Carvalho. Graduou-se como Bacharel em Ciências Biológicas (2015-2018) pela Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV), Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) – Câmpus de Jaboticabal, onde, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Aureo Evangelista Santana, desenvolveu iniciação científica e trabalho de conclusão de curso (TCC), intitulado “Eritrocitograma de suínos em diferentes fases de criação no estado de São Paulo”. Em março de 2019, iniciou o curso de mestrado junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária, na FCAV/UNESP, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Daniel Guariz Pinheiro, desenvolvendo o projeto intitulado “Investigação sobre o efeito do sistema de cultivo na composição da microbiota da cana-de-açúcar”, culminando no presente documento. AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, Paula e Gilberto, minha irmã Julia e minha namorada Michelle, que sempre acreditaram na minha capacidade e deram suporte para essa jornada.
    [Show full text]
  • A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella Species
    A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Synopsis Fungorum 8 Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Printed in Eko-trykk A/S, Førde, Norway Printing date: 1. August 1995 ISBN 82-90724-14-4 ISSN 0802-4966 A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Synopsis Fungorum 8 Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway 6 Authors address: Center for Forest Mycology Research Forest Products Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service One Gifford Pinchot Dr. Madison, WI 53705 USA ABSTRACT Once a taxonomic refugium for nearly any white-spored agaric with an annulus and attached gills, the concept of the genus Armillaria has been clarified with the neotypification of Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer and its acceptance as type species of Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude. Due to recognition of different type species over the years and an extremely variable generic concept, at least 274 species and varieties have been placed in Armillaria (or in Armillariella Karst., its obligate synonym). Only about forty species belong in the genus Armillaria sensu stricto, while the rest can be placed in forty-three other modem genera. This study is based on original descriptions in the literature, as well as studies of type specimens and generic and species concepts by other authors. This publication consists of an alphabetical listing of all epithets used in Armillaria or Armillariella, with their basionyms, currently accepted names, and other obligate and facultative synonyms.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
    Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades.
    [Show full text]
  • Culturing and Direct DNA Extraction Find Different Fungi From
    Research CulturingBlackwell Publishing Ltd. and direct DNA extraction find different fungi from the same ericoid mycorrhizal roots Tamara R. Allen1, Tony Millar1, Shannon M. Berch2 and Mary L. Berbee1 1Department of Botany, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada; 2Ministry of Forestry, Research Branch Laboratory, 4300 North Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 5J3, Canada Summary Author for correspondence: • This study compares DNA and culture-based detection of fungi from 15 ericoid Mary L. Berbee mycorrhizal roots of salal (Gaultheria shallon), from Vancouver Island, BC Canada. Tel: (604) 822 2019 •From the 15 roots, we PCR amplified fungal DNAs and analyzed 156 clones that Fax: (604) 822 6809 Email: [email protected] included the internal transcribed spacer two (ITS2). From 150 different subsections of the same roots, we cultured fungi and analyzed their ITS2 DNAs by RFLP patterns Received: 28 March 2003 or sequencing. We mapped the original position of each root section and recorded Accepted: 3 June 2003 fungi detected in each. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00885.x • Phylogenetically, most cloned DNAs clustered among Sebacina spp. (Sebaci- naceae, Basidiomycota). Capronia sp. and Hymenoscyphus erica (Ascomycota) pre- dominated among the cultured fungi and formed intracellular hyphal coils in resynthesis experiments with salal. •We illustrate patterns of fungal diversity at the scale of individual roots and com- pare cloned and cultured fungi from each root. Indicating a systematic culturing detection bias, Sebacina DNAs predominated in 10 of the 15 roots yet Sebacina spp. never grew from cultures from the same roots or from among the > 200 ericoid mycorrhizal fungi previously cultured from different roots from the same site.
    [Show full text]
  • Species of Peziza S. Str. on Water-Soaked Wood with Special Reference to a New Species, P
    DOI 10.12905/0380.sydowia68-2016-0173 Species of Peziza s. str. on water-soaked wood with special reference to a new species, P. nordica, from central Norway Donald H. Pfister1, *, Katherine F. LoBuglio1 & Roy Kristiansen2 1 Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA 2 PO Box 32, N-1650 Sellebakk, Norway * e-mail: [email protected] Pfister D.H., LoBuglio K.F. & Kristiansen R. (2016) Species ofPeziza s. str. on water-soaked wood with special reference to a new species, P. nordica, from central Norway. – Sydowia 68: 173–185. Peziza oliviae, P. lohjaoensis, P. montirivicola and a new species from Norway form a well-supported clade within the Peziza s. str. group based on study of the internal transcribed spacer + 5.8S rRNA gene, large subunit rRNA gene and the 6–7 region of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II gene. Like P. oliviae and P. montirivicola, the new species, P. nordica, is distinctly stipi- tate and occurs on wood that has been inundated by fresh water. These species also have paraphyses with yellow vacuolar inclu- sions. They fruit early in the season or at high elevations and are presumed to be saprobic. A discussion of application of the name Peziza is given. Keywords: Ascomycota, molecular phylogeny, Pezizales, taxonomy. The present work was begun to determine the Schwein.) Fr., Cudoniella clavus (Alb. & Schwein.) identity of a collection made by one of us (RK) in Dennis and frequently Scutellinia scutellata (L.) August 2014. This large, orange brown to brown, Lambotte.
    [Show full text]
  • Monograph on Dematiaceous Fungi
    Monograph On Dematiaceous fungi A guide for description of dematiaceous fungi fungi of medical importance, diseases caused by them, diagnosis and treatment By Mohamed Refai and Heidy Abo El-Yazid Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University 2014 1 Preface The first time I saw cultures of dematiaceous fungi was in the laboratory of Prof. Seeliger in Bonn, 1962, when I attended a practical course on moulds for one week. Then I handled myself several cultures of black fungi, as contaminants in Mycology Laboratory of Prof. Rieth, 1963-1964, in Hamburg. When I visited Prof. DE Varies in Baarn, 1963. I was fascinated by the tremendous number of moulds in the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn, Netherlands. On the other hand, I was proud, that El-Sheikh Mahgoub, a Colleague from Sundan, wrote an internationally well-known book on mycetoma. I have never seen cases of dematiaceous fungal infections in Egypt, therefore, I was very happy, when I saw the collection of mycetoma cases reported in Egypt by the eminent Egyptian Mycologist, Prof. Dr Mohamed Taha, Zagazig University. To all these prominent mycologists I dedicate this monograph. Prof. Dr. Mohamed Refai, 1.5.2014 Heinz Seeliger Heinz Rieth Gerard de Vries, El-Sheikh Mahgoub Mohamed Taha 2 Contents 1. Introduction 4 2. 30. The genus Rhinocladiella 83 2. Description of dematiaceous 6 2. 31. The genus Scedosporium 86 fungi 2. 1. The genus Alternaria 6 2. 32. The genus Scytalidium 89 2.2. The genus Aurobasidium 11 2.33. The genus Stachybotrys 91 2.3. The genus Bipolaris 16 2.
    [Show full text]