7 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHART SYMBOLS
AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION AIRPORTS ...... 9 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION ...... 10 AIRSPACE INFORMATION ...... 11 CHART LIMITS ...... 14 NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION ...... 15
TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION CULTURE RAILROADS ...... 17 ROADS ...... 17 POPULATED PLACES OUTLINED ...... 18 BOUNDARIES ...... 18 MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES ...... 19 HYDROGRAPHY SHORELINES ...... 20 LAKES ...... 20 RESERVOIRS ...... 20 STREAMS ...... 21 MISCELLANEOUS HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES ...... 21 COASTAL HYDROGRAPHIC FEATURES ...... 23 RELIEF CONTOURS ...... 25 ELEVATIONS ...... 25 UNRELIABLE RELIEF ...... 25 SHADED RELIEF ...... 26 AREA RELIEF FEATURES ...... 26 MISCELLANEOUS RELIEF FEATURES ...... 26
8
HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS AIRPORTS ...... 27 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION ...... 27 AIRSPACE INFORMATION ...... 28 NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION ...... 30 CULTURE ...... 31 HYDROGRAPHY ...... 31 RELIEF ...... 31
VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS AIRPORTS ...... 32 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION ...... 32 AIRSPACE INFORMATION ...... 32 NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION ...... 33 CULTURE ...... 34 HYDROGRAPHY ...... 34
GENERAL INFORMATION Symbols shown are for World Aeronautical Charts (WAC), Sectional aeronautical charts and Terminal Area Charts (TAC). When a symbol is different on any VFR chart series, it will be annotated thus: WAC or Not shown on WAC.
9 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information
AIRPORTS AIRPORTS
LANDPLANE- SEAPLANE- MILITARY EMERENCY Refueling and repair No facilities or complete facilities for normal traf- information is not avail- fic. able
All recognizable run- HELIPORT ways, including some (Selected) which may be closed, are shown for visual identification. Airports having control towers (CT) are shown in ULTRALIGHT FLIGHT blue, all others in PARK magenta. (Selected)
SEAPLANE- AIRPORT DATA MILITARY GROUPING Refueling and repair facilities for normal traf- fic.
LANDPLANE-CIVIL Refueling and repair facilities for normal traf- fic. AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION
SEAPLANE-CIVIL Refueling and repair facilities for normal traffic.
LANDPLANE CIVIL-MILITARY Refueling and repair facilities for normal traffic.
SEAPLANE CIVIL- MILITARY Refueling and repair facilities for normal traf- fic.
LANDPLANE- EMERGENCY
No facilities or Complete information is not available.
Add appropriate notes as required: "closed, approximate position, existence unconfirmed.
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 10 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
VHF ILS COMPONENTS OMNI-DIRECTIONAL RADIO (VOR) RANGE Shown when compo- nent of airway sys- tem or used in the description of Class B airspace.
BROADCAST STATIONS (BS) VOR
FLIGHT SERVICE STATION (FSS)
VORTAC
VOR-DME REMOTE COMMUNI- CATIONS OUTLET (RCO)
NON-DIRECTIONAL RADIOBEACON (NDB)
AIR FORCE STATION (AFS)
NDB-DME
LONG RANGE RADAR STATION (LRRS)
11 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
CLASS B AIRSPACE CLASS D AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown. Only the airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL are shown. (Mode C see FAR 91.215 /AIM) All mileages are nautical (NM). All radials are magnetic.
CLASS E AIRSPACE
The limits of Class E airspace shall be shown by narrow vignettes or by the dashed magenta symbol. Individual units of designated airspace are not nec- essarily shown; instead, the aggre- gate lateral and verti- cal limits shall be defined by the follow- ing: Airspace beginning at the surface desig- nated around air- ports ... CLASS C AIRSPACE Airspace beginning at 700 feet AGL ... Appropriate notes as Airspace beginning at required may be 1200 feet AGL or shown. greater that abuts uncontrolled air- (Mode C see space (Class G) ... FAR 91.215 /AIM)
Differentiates floors of airspace greater than 700 feet above the surface... When the ceiling is less than 18,000 feet MSL, the value, pre- fixed by the word "ceiling,” shall be shown along the lim- its.
OFFSHORE CONTROL AREAS
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 12 AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
CANADIAN AIR DEFENSE AIRSPACE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ) Individual units of designated Canadian Note. Delimiting line airspace are not nec- not shown when it essarily shown; coincides with Inter- instead, the aggre- national Boundary, gate lateral and verti- projection lines or cal limits shall be other linear features. portrayed as closely as possible to the comparable U.S. air- LOW ALTITUDE space. AIRWAYS VOR and LF / MF (CLASS E AIRSPACE) Appropriate notes as required may be Low altitude Federal shown. Airways are indicated by centerline. Only the controlled airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL is shown.
MISCELLANEOUS AIR ROUTES
FLIGHT INFORMATION REGIONS (FIR) and /or (CTA)
OCEANIC CONTROL AREAS (OCA)
13 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
SPECIAL USE SPECIAL AIR AIRSPACE TRAFFIC RULES / AIRPORT PATTERNS Only the airspace (FAR 93) effective below 18,000 feet MSL are shown.
The type of area shall be spelled out in large Appropriate boxed areas if space per- note as required mits. shown adjacent to area.
SPACE OPERATIONS AREA (FAR 91.143)
MODE C (FAR 91.215)
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTR) MISCELLANEOUS AIRSPACE AREAS Parachute Jumping Area with Frequency
Glider SPECIAL MILITARY Operating Area ACTIVITY ROUTES (SMAR) Ultralight Activity
Hang Glider Activity
Boxed notes (as in text) shown adjacent to route. SPECIAL CONSERVATION AREAS
National Park, Wildlife Refuge, Primitive and Wilderness Areas, etc.
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 14 AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
SPECIAL AIRSPACE IFR ROUTES AREAS Appropriate notes as Appropriate notes as required may be required may be shown. shown. Arrival
Departure SPECIAL FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS (SFAR) AREAS
CHART LIMITS NATIONAL SECURITY AREA OUTLINE ON SECTIONAL OF TERMINAL AREA CHART
HIGH ENERGY RADIATION AREAS
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
OUTLINE ON SECTIONAL OF THE INSET CHART
TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA (TRSA)
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
15 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
ISOGONIC LINE & AERONAUTICAL VALUE LIGHTS
Isogonic lines and values shall be based on the five year epoch chart.
LOCAL MAGNETIC NOTES Unreliability Notes
COMPASS ROSETTE
Shown only in areas void of VOR roses. Compass rosette will be set to ground magnetic variation.
MARINE LIGHTS With Characteristics INTERSECTIONS of Light Named intersections used as reporting points. Arrows are directed toward facili- ties which establish intersection.
AERONAUTICAL LIGHTS
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 16 NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
VISUAL GROUND MAXIMUM SIGNS ELEVATION FIGURE (MEF) Shore and Landmarkers
WARNING, CAUTION NOTES VFR CHECK POINTS Used when specific area is not demar- cated.
VFR WAYPOINTS Stand-Alone
Colocated with VFR Check Point
OBSTRUCTION
GROUP OBSTRUCTION
HIGH INTENSITY OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS
High intensity lights may operate part- time.
17 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information CULTURE CULTURE
RAILROADS RAILROAD SIDINGS All gauges AND SHORT SPURS Single Track TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
ROADS Double Track Dual Lane Category 1
More Than Two Tracks
Primary Category 2
Electric
Secondary Category 2 RAILROADS IN JUXTAPOSITION
TRAILS Category 3
Provides symboliza- RAILROAD- tion for dismantled NONOPERATING, railroad when com- bined with label "dis- ABANDONED, mantled railroad." DESTROYED, OR UNDER ROAD MARKERS CONSTRUCTION U.S. Route No.
RAILROAD YARDS Interstate Route No. Limiting Track To Air Marked Scale Identification Label
ROAD NAMES
Location Only
ROADS UNDER RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION STATIONS Features Related to Railroads and Roads
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 18 CULTURE CULTURE
BRIDGES FERRIES, FERRY AND VIADUCTS SLIPS AND FORDS
Railroad
Road
OVERPASSES AND UNDERPASSES
PROMINENT CAUSEWAYS FENCES
TUNNELS-ROAD BOUNDARIES AND RAILROAD
International
POPULATED PLACES OUTLINED State and Large Cities Provincial Category 1
Cities and Large Towns Convention or Category 2 Mandate Line
POPULATED PLACES
Towns and Villages Category 3 Date Line
19 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information CULTURE CULTURE
TIME ZONES SMALL LOCKS
MINES AND WEIRS AND QUARRIES JETTIES
Shaft Mines and Quarries
POWER SEAWALLS TRANSMISSION & TELECOMMUNICA- TION LINES
PIPELINES BREAKWATERS
PIERS, WHARFS, Underground QUAYS, ETC.
DAMS MISCELLANEOUS CULTURAL FEATURES
DAM CARRYING ROAD OUTDOOR THEATER
PASSABLE LOCKS WELLS
Other Than Water
VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 20 CULTURE HYDROGRAPHY
RACE TRACKS SHORELINES
Definite
LOOKOUT TOWERS
Air marked identification Fluctuating
LANDMARK AREAS
Unsurveyed Indefinite
TANKS Man-made
LAKES COAST GUARD Label as required STATION Perennial
When too numerous to show individual lakes, show represen- tative pattern and descriptive note. AERIAL CABLEWAYS, CONVEYORS, ETC. Non-Perennial
(dry, intermittent, etc.) Illustration includes small perennial lake
HYDROGRAPHY RESERVOIRS OPEN WATER Natural Shorelines
Man-made Shorelines INLAND WATER Label when neces- sary for clarity
Too small to show to scale 21 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information HYDROGRAPHY HYDROGRAPHY MISCELLA- NEOUS HYDRO- GRAPHIC Under Construc- FEATURES tion Sand Deposits In and Along Riverbeds
STREAMS WET SAND AREAS
Within and adjacent Perennial to desert areas
AQUEDUCTS
Non-Perennial
Fanned Out Abandoned or Under Alluvial fan Construction
Braided Underground
Suspended or Disappearing Elevated
Seasonally Fluctuating Tunnels with undefined limits
Kanats with maximum bank limits, prominent and Underground aque- constant duct with air vents VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 22 HYDROGRAPHY HYDROGRAPHY
FLUMES, PENSTOCKS AND SIMILAR FEATURES To Scale
Abandoned or Elevated Under Construction
Underground To Scale
FALLS SMALL CANALS AND DRAINAGE / IRRIGATION DITCHES Double-Line Perennial
Single-Line Non-Perennial
RAPIDS
Double-Line Abandoned or Ancient
Single-Line Numerous Representative pat- tern and/or descrip- tive note.
CANALS
Numerous 23 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information HYDROGRAPHY HYDROGRAPHY
COASTAL HYDRO- LAND SUBJECT TO GRAPHIC FEATURES INUNDATION SALT EVAPORATORS AND SALT PANS MAN EXPLOITED
SWAMPS, MARSHES SPRINGS, WELLS AND BOGS AND WATERHOLES
HUMMOCKS AND GLACIERS RIDGES
MANGROVE AND NIPA
Glacial Moraines
PEAT BOGS ICE CLIFFS
TUNDRA SNOWFIELDS, ICE FIELDS AND ICE CAPS
CRANBERRY BOGS ICE PEAKS
RICE PADDIES FORESHORE FLATS Extensive areas indi- cated by label only. Tidal flats exposed at low tide. VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 24 HYDROGRAPHY HYDROGRAPHY
ROCKS-ISOLATED ICE
Bare or Awash
WRECKS
Permanent Polar Ice Exposed
REEFS-ROCKY OR CORAL
Pack Ice MISCELLANEOUS UNDERWATER FEATURES NOT OTHERWISE SYMBOLIZED
FISH PONDS AND HATCHERIES 25 VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information RELIEF RELIEF
CONTOURS UNRELIABLE RELIEF
Basic Approximate location
Approximate Critical
Intermediate Highest on Chart
MOUNTAIN PASS
Auxiliary
HACHURING Depression
Illustration includes mound within depression
UNSURVEYED AREAS
Values Label appropriately as required
SPOT ELEVATIONS UNCONTOURED ELEVATIONS AREAS Label appropriately Position Accurate as required
RELIEF DATA INCOMPLETE
DISTORTED Position Accurate, SURFACE Elevation AREAS Approximate VFR AERONAUTICAL CHARTS - Topographic Information 26 RELIEF RELIEF
LAVA FLOWS CRATERS MISCELLANEOUS RELIEF FEATURES
SAND OR GRAVEL ESCARPMENTS, AREAS BLUFFS, CLIFFS, DEPRESSIONS, ETC.
SAND RIDGES LEVEES AND ESKERS
To Scale
SAND DUNES
To Scale
SHADED RELIEF
ROCK STRATA OUTCROP AREA RELIEF FEA- TURES
QUARRIES TO SCALE
STRIPMINES, MINE DUMPS AND TAILINGS To Scale 27 HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information AIRPORTS RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION
LANDPLANE VHF OMNI-DIRECTIONAL All recognizable run- RADIO (VOR) RANGE ways, including some which may be closed, are shown for visual identification. HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS
HELIPORT
SEAPLANE
ULTRALIGHT FLIGHT PARK VOR
AIRPORT DATA GROUPING
Boxed airport name indicates airport for VORTAC which a Special Traf- fic Rule has been established.
VOR-DME
NON-DIRECTIONAL RADIOBEACON (NDB)
NDB-DME HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 28 RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
NAVAIDS USED CLASS B AIRSPACE TO DEFINE CLASS B AIRSPACE Appropriate notes as required may be shown. (Mode C see FAR 91.215/AIM)
All mileages are nautical (NM) BROADCAST STATIONS (BS) All radials are magnetic.
FLIGHT SERVICE STATION (FSS)
CLASS C AIRSPACE
Appropriate notes as required may be shown. (Mode C see FAR 91.215/AIM)
REMOTE COMMUNICATIONS OUTLET (RCO) 29 HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
CLASS D AIRSPACE HELICOPTER HELICOPTER ROUTE ROUTES CHARTS
CLASS E (SFC) AIR- SPACE
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE
Only the airspace effective below 18,000 feet MSL is CANADIAN AIRSPACE shown. The type of area shall Appropriate notes as be spelled out in large required may be areas if space per- shown. mits.
MILITARY TRAINING ROUTES (MTR)
SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES / AIRPORT TRAFFIC AREAS (FAR PART 93)
Appropriate boxed notes as required shown adjacent to area.
MODE C (FAR 91.215)
Appropriate notes as required may be shown. HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 30 AIRSPACE INFORMATION NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
MISCELLANEOUS OBSTRUCTIONS AIRSPACE AREAS Parachute Jumping Area with Frequency
Glider Operating Area
Ultralight Activity
Hang Glider Activity
SPECIAL CONSERVA- TION AREAS National Park, Wildlife Refuge, Primitive and Wilderness Areas, MAXIMUM etc. ELEVATION FIGURE (MEF)
TERMINAL RADAR NAVIGATION DATA SERVICE AREA (TRSA)
Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
NAVIGATIONAL AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION
VFR CHECK POINTS
WARNING, CAUTION NOTES
VFR WAYPOINTS Stand-Alone
Colocated with VFR Check Point 31 HELICOPTER ROUTE CHARTS - Topographic Information CULTURE HYDROGRAPHY
RAILROADS SHORELINES Single Track Double Track
MAJOR LAKES AND ROADS RIVERS
Dual Lane
Primary RESERVOIRS
BRIDGES
RELIEF
SPOT ELEVATIONS
POPULATED Position Accurate PLACES
Built-up Areas
BOUNDARIES
International State and Provincial
POWER TRANSMISSION LINES
PROMINENT PICTORIALS
LANDMARKS VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Aeronautical Information 32 AIRPORTS AIRSPACE INFORMATION
LANDPLANE CLASS B AIRSPACE
No distinction is Appropriate notes as made between air- required may be ports with services shown. and those without services. Runways may be exaggerated (Mode C see to clearly portray the FAR 91.215 /AIM) pattern. Hard-sur- faced runways which are closed but still exist are included in All mileages are the charted pattern. nautical (NM). FAR 91 - Fixed wing special VFR opera- All radials tions prohibited. are magnetic. VFR FLYWAY PLAN- NING CHARTS
CLASS C AIRSPACE RADIO AIDS TO NAVIGATION Appropriate notes as VHF required may be OMNI-DIRECTIONAL shown. RADIO RANGE (VOR) (Mode C see FAR 91.215/AIM) VOR
VORTAC
VOR-DME CLASS D AIRSPACE
NON-DIRECTIONAL RADIOBEACON (NDB)
NDB-DME
NAVAIDS USED TO DEFINE CLASS B AIR- SPACE CLASS E (SFC) AIRSPACE 33 VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Aeronautical Information AIRSPACE INFORMATION AIRSPACE INFORMATION
VFR FLYWAYS MISCELLANEOUS AIRSPACE AREAS Parachute Jumping Area Glider Operating Area
Ultralight Activity IFR ROUTES Hang Glider Activity Appropriate notes as required may be shown. NAVIGATION AND PROCEDURAL INFORMATION Arrival VFR CHECK POINTS
Departure
SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE Only the airspace VFR WAYPOINTS effective below 18,000 feet MSL is shown. Stand-Alone
Colocated with VFR Check Point
OBSTRUCTIONS
Only those obstacles specified by the FAA shall be shown.
MILITARY TRAINING Above Ground Level ROUTES (MTR) (AGL) heights are not shown.
SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES / AIRPORT TRAFFIC AREAS (FAR Part 93)
Appropriate boxed note as required shown adjacent to area.
MODE C (FAR 91.215) NAVIGATIONAL DATA Appropriate notes as required may be shown.
AIR DEFENSE IDENTIFICATION ZONE (ADIZ)
TERMINAL RADAR SERVICE AREA (TRSA) VFR FLYWAY PLANNING CHARTS - Topographic Information 34 CULTURE HYDROGRAPHY
RAILROADS SHORELINES
Single and Multiple Tracks
MAJOR LAKES ROADS AND RIVERS Dual Lane
Primary
RESERVOIRS POPULATED PLACES
Built-up Areas
Towns RELIEF
Spot Elevations
Position Accurate BOUNDARIES Mountain Peaks
International
POWER TRANSMISSION LINES
PROMINENT PICTORIALS
LANDMARKS