Weed of the Week

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Weed of the Week Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti Medik. Common Names: velvetleaf, Indian mallow, China- jute, butterprint, pie-maker, abutilon-hemp, buttonweed, Tientsin-jute, velvetweed Native Origin: A native of China and presumably introduced into the U.S. from India as a fiber crop. Description: Erect annual shrub-like herb in the Mallow family, with leaves and stems covered with hairs. Leaves are alternate, heart-shaped, and gradually tapering to a point (acuminate). Leaves are approximately 2 to 6 inches long and wide, densely hairy on both surfaces, and have toothed margins. Leaf veins originate from a common point (palmate venation), and leaves emit an unpleasant odor when crushed. Erect stems are covered with soft hairs, reach 7 feet in height and are mostly un- branched. Flowers are solitary, approximately 1/2 to 1 inch wide, and consist of 5 orange-yellow petals. Velvetleaf reproduces from seeds that are produced in a circular capsule fruit (1 inch in diameter). Each capsule contains a ring of 'prickles' around the upper edge and yield 2 to 3 seeds. Taproots with fibrous root systems anchor the plant. Habitat: It occurs along roadsides, ditches, hillside slopes, riverbanks, disturbed areas, and crop fields. Distribution: Velvetleaf grows throughout the continental United States as indicated on the Plants Database Map. It is reported invasive in MI, OR, VA, and WA. Ecological Impacts: It is cultivated as a source of fiber and oil; however, it has escaped cultivation to become an invasive species of orchards, cotton, corn, soybeans, and vegetable fields causing serious damage. Velvetleaf seeds exhibit dormancy which can enable them to survive over 50 years in the soil. This non-native is not a top invader in many areas, but it is invasive on very disturbed ground. Control and Management: • Manual- Seedbed tillage, rotary hoeing, cultivation, are effective but short term where seed are buried • Chemical- It can be effectively controlled Post-emergence herbicides. Repeat applications may be necessary to reduce densities. Follow label and state requirements. Managers should evaluate the specific circumstances of each infestation, seek professional advice and guidance if necessary, and use the herbicide in a manner that is consistent with the product label and other state requirements • Natural Enemies: Ten fungal species and six arthropods are reported to affect this plant. References: http://plants.usda.gov, http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/Weeds/g681.htm Virginia Tech Weed Identification Guide-www.ppws.vt.edu/scott/weed_id/abuth.htm Invasive Plants of Asia Origin Established in the US and their Natural Enemies p. 1-2 Larry R. Stritch, Ph.D, National Botanist, USDA Forest Service - WO Produced by the USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Staff, Newtown Square, PA. WOW 01-16-06 Invasive Plants website: http://www.na.fs.fed.us/fhp/invasive_plants .

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Supplementary Table 1. Botanical sources of kaempferol/glycosides. Species Family Kaempferol/glycosides References kaempferol 3-O-β-glucopyranoside, Abutilon theophrasti Malvaceae [1] kaempferol 7-O-β-diglucoside Acaenasplendens Rosaceae 7-O-acetyl-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-kaempferol [2] kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl- Aceriphyllumrossii Saxifragaceae [3] (1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, kaempferol Acacia nilotica Leguminosae Kaempferol [4] kaempferol 3-O-(6-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β- glucopyranosyl-(12)-β-glucopyranoside- 7-O-α-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol 7- Aconitum spp Ranunculaceae O-(6-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β- [5] glucopyranosyl-(13)-α- rhamnopyranoside-3-O-β- glucopyranoside Kaempferol 3-O-β-(2' '- Aconitum paniculatum Ranunculaceae [6] acetyl)galactopyranoside Kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-β-D- galactopyranoside, kaempferol 3-O-α-L- Actinidia valvata Actinidiaceae rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-(4-O-acetyl-α-L- [7] rhamnopyranosyl)-(1→6)-β-D- galactopyranoside. kaempferol 7-O-(6-trans-p-coumaroyl)-β- glucopyranosyl-(13)-α- Aconitum napellus Ranunculaceae [8] rhamnopyranoside-3-O-β- glucopyranoside Kaempferol 3-O-α-L –rhamnopyranosyl- (1→6)-[(4-O-trans-p-coumaroyl)-α-L - Adina racemosa Rubiaceae [9] rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)]-(4-O-trans-p- coumaroyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside Allium cepa Alliaceae Kaempferol [10] Kaempferol 3-O-[2-O-(trans-3-methoxy- 4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-β-D- Allium porrum Alliaceae [11] galactopyranosyl]-(1→4)-O-β-D- glucopyranoside, kaempferol glycosides Aloe vera Asphodelaceae Kaempferol [12] Althaea rosea Malvaceae Kaempferol [13] Argyreiaspeciosa
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First Evidence of the Occurrence of Turnip Mosaic Virus in Ukraine and Molecular Characterization of Its Isolate
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Abutilon Theophrasti
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Abutilon Theophrasti ) Seeds
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Abutilon Theophrasti) and Soybean (Glycine Max) Williiam Charles Akey Iowa State University
Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1989 The oler of competition for light in interference between velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and soybean (Glycine max) Williiam Charles Akey Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, and the Agronomy and Crop Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Akey, Williiam Charles, "The or le of competition for light in interference between velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and soybean (Glycine max) " (1989). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 8909. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/8909 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photo graph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.
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Corn and Velvetleaf (<I>Abutilon Theophrasti</I> ) Transpiration In
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Herbarium Scientific Name Minnesota DNR Common Name Status
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