A Study in Industrial Health: Coal Miners in Eastern India, 1890S-1952

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A Study in Industrial Health: Coal Miners in Eastern India, 1890S-1952 A Study in Industrial Health: Coal Miners in Eastern India, 1890s-1952 Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.) eingereicht an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Georg August Universität, Göttingen Vorgelegt von Sandip Chatterjee March 2017 1. Gutachter/in: Prof. Dr. Ravi Ahuja, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen 2. Gutachter/in: Prof. Dr. Chitra Joshi, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, IGK Arbeit und Lebenslauf in globalgeschichtlicher Perspektive, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin 3. Gutachter/in: Prof. Dr. Dominic Sachsenmaier, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Tag der mündlichen Prüfung……………………….. This dissertation is dedicated to my parents. Curriculum Vitae PERSONAL INFORMATION ________________________________________________ Name: SANDIP CHATTERJEE Date of Birth: 1 May, 1983 Marital Status: Single Gender: Male Citizenship: Indian CONTACT DETAILS ____________________________________________________________________________ Permanent Address: C/O- Debabrata Chatterjee P.O. South Garia, District: 24 Parganas (South) West Bengal-743613 India. Phone: +91 3218 260203 (Residence) +91 9830527441 (Mobile- India) e-mail: [email protected] Present Address: Same as above EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS _____________________________________________________________________________ Finished PhD on 12 June, 2017 from the Centre for Modern Indian Studies (CeMIS) , University of Göttingen, Germany. The title of my PhD thesis is “A Study in Industrial Health: Coal Miners in Eastern India, 1890s-1952.” I have worked under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Ravi Ahuja. M.A. (in History) from University of Calcutta in 2006 with 61 % of marks. B.A. (in History) from Presidency College, University of Calcutta in 2004 with 56 % of marks. Higher Secondary (in Arts) from West Bengal Council of Higher Secondary Education in 2001 with 71.1 % of marks. 1 Madhyamik from West Bengal Board of Secondary Education in 1999 with 79.5 % of marks. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE __________________________________________________________________ • Worked as a Lecturer in History at Dum Dum Motijheel Rabindra Mahavidyalaya (under West Bengal State University) from October 26, 2009 to July 20, 2011 . • Taught History at Post-Graduate level as part of Kalyani University’s Directorate of Open & Distance Learning Programme , 2010 . • Worked as a research assistant with Projit B. Mukherji, the then Wellcome Fellow, Southampton University, UK. The project was on the History of Ayurvedic Practices in Late Colonial India (January-March 2007) . • Worked as a research assistant with Professor Dr. Kunal Chakraborty , Centre for Historical Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. The project was on the History of Bengali Sweetmeats and Food-culture (March 2007-June 2008). SCHOLARSHIPS ______________________________________________________________________________ • My PhD was majorly funded by the CeMIS (University of Göttingen) Internal Funds. • Was awarded a scholarship for 3 months (October 1–December 31, 2012), by German Historical Institute London for field research in London. • Received a scholarship from the Graduate School of Humanities (GSGG), University of Göttingen . Duration of the fund was six months (May to October, 2015). PUBLICATIONS _____________________________________________________________________________ • A research paper titled “ Occupational Disease, Dhowrahs and Migration: Coal Miners of Eastern Indian Collieries, 1900s-1940s” has been published in the October 2016- March 2017 issue (Volume 56, Nos 3 & 4, pp. 5-22) of the Quarterly Review of Historical Studies , a refereed journal published by the Institute of Historical Studies, Kolkata . • “Media Effects and Public Opinion: A Cynical Perspective” published in Perspectives / Drishtikon , a magazine published by the Department of History, University of Calcutta, in January 2007. 2 SEMINARS __________________________________________________________________ • Presented a paper titled “The Plight of the Colonial Coal-miners: Accidents and the Colonial Government-Capitalist Class Nexus (1894-1912)” at a National Level Seminar with International Delegate Participation on Political Economy, Nation, Development and Environment: A Historical Perspective of India between 1707 and 1960 , Sponsored by UGC and ICSSR & organized by the Post Graduate Department of History, Malda College, Malda on 16th & 17th January, 2010. • A paper titled “Coal Exhaustion, Exhaustion of Human Wealth and Technological Intervention (1900-1920)” was presented at a ICHR sponsored National Level Seminar on Interrogating and exploring Hindustan, British “India” and “India” 1556-2000, Organized by the Post Graduate Department of History, Malda College, Malda, in Collaboration with the Department of History, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, on 8, 9 and 10 September, 2010. • Presented a paper titled “The Working Class of Bengal: An Attempt at Broadening the Horizon” at the 71st session of the Indian History Congress, held at Gourbanga University, Malda, on 11,12 and 13 January, 2011. • Presented a paper titled “ A Study in Industrial Health: the Coal Mines of Eastern India (1901-1973) ” at German Historical Institute, London, on 27 th November, 2012. • A paper titled “ Miners, Migration and Maladies: Occupational Health and Migrant Miners (The World War Years )” was presented at a workshop on ‘Labour and Social Change in India’, held at the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library, New Delhi, on 18 th and 19 th January, 2013. • Have been regularly presenting at the History Research Group Seminars of CeMIS (University of Göttingen); twice a year from 2011-2015. LINGUISTIC PROFICIENCY __________________________________________________________________ Bengali: Native Language English: Full professional proficiency Hindi: Limited working proficiency German: Basic Knowledge MISCELLANEOUS QUALIFICATIONS ______________________________________ Computer Literacy: • A certificate course on Editing and Publishing from Jadavpur University. 3 • Software Packages : MS Word, MS Excel, Adobe PageMaker, Adobe Photoshop, Quark Express. CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES __________________________________________________________________ • Champion in Presidency College Annual Football Championship, 2003. • Attained 2nd position in all campus Annual Quiz Competition, Alipore Campus, (Calcutta University), 2005. • Attained 1st position in all campus Annual Quiz Competition, Alipore Campus, (Calcutta University), 2006. I do hereby declare that the above furnished details are true to the best of my knowledge and belief. 4 Zusammenfassung Diese Dissertation widmet sich der Geschichte des Bergbaus in Indien, wobei der Fokus von den Rohstoffen auf die Minenarbeiter*innen gelenkt wird. Neben geologischen Entdeckungen, formte der Kolonialstaat die Identität der Minenarbeiter in der letzten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. Diese Arbeit dokumentiert einige Phasen dieser Identitätsbildung von 1890 bis 1952 und hält fest, welche Rollen Parteien, der Kolonialstaat, der postkoloniale Staat, Gewerkschaften, feministische Aktivist*innen, die Minenarbeiter*innen, Ingenieur*innen, Minenbesitzer*innen, Unternehmen, Mediziner*innen und Spezialist*innen auf internationaler Ebene, spielten. Die Vorstellung von 'safety' (Sicherheit) war Gegenstand aller bedeutenden Debatten und Auseinandersetzungen über das Leben der Minenarbeiter*innen. In meiner Doktorarbeit werde ich aufzeigen wie unterschiedlich das Wort 'safety' interpretiert wurde und wie die Debatten darum die Zukunft der Minenarbeiter*innen bestimmten. Meine Arbeit deckt die Kohlenreviere im ehemaligen Bengalen und heutigen westbengalischen Region Jharkhand ab. Der Betrachtungszeitraum reicht von 1890 bis 1952, die jeweils entscheidenden Jahre für Sicherheitsvorkehrungen im Bergbau. Diskussionen über Sicherheitsvorkehrungen begannen 1890. 1952 wurde der abgeänderte Indian Mines Act erlassen, dessen Schwerpunkt auf der Erhaltung von natürlichen und humanen Ressourcen lag – ein Konzept, das integral für den Diskurs um 'safety' war. Die Abbaugebiete, mit denen sich diese Arbeit im Wesentlichen auseinandersetzt, liegen vorwiegend in den Regionen Raniganj, Jharia und Giridih. All diese Bergbaugebiete waren bis zur ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts Teil von Bengalen. 1912, nach der Aufhebung der Teilung Bengalens von 1905, wurden Jharia, einige Teile von Raniganj und Giridih Teil der zusammengesetzten Provinzen Bihar und Orissa. Das Bergwerk in Giridih gehörte den Eastern Indian Railways. Es war bekannt dafür, wesentlich bessere Infrastruktur und Arbeitsgeräte im Vergleich zu den Bergwerken in Raniganj und Jharia zu haben. Bergwerke, wie Dishergarh, wurden von führenden Unternehmen wie Macneill and Company, Burns, oder Andrew Yule, betrieben. Die Kohlenreviere in Raniganj und Jharia wiesen eine Anzahl auffallender Ähnlichkeiten in Bezug auf den Bergbaubetrieb auf. Die Methoden zur Bearbeitung und Gewinnung von Kohle waren in den meisten Bergwerken gleich. Die Bodenbedingungen und das geographische Terrain unterschieden sich nicht besonders. Tatsächlich fielen Teile des Raniganj Bergwerks in die Gebiete von Jharia. Trotz dieser allgemeinen Gemeinsamkeiten sind die Differenzen innerhalb der Bergbaugebiete nicht zu übersehen. Die unterschiedliche Qualität der Kohle, die Unterschiede zwischen Kokskohle und solcher die es nicht war, sogar die Härte oder Weichheit des Rohstoffes spielten eine signifikante Rolle bei der Gestaltung der Arbeitsbedingungen in den Minen. Ein bedeutender Unterschied, der sich
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