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`Op'. )Ceanog Raphy tvl.t aC'' u G r3, of 0735 `OP'.2 )CEANOG RAPHY 1i PROGRESS REPORT Ecological Studies of Radioactivity In the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent Pacific Ocean Norman H. Cutahall Principal Investigator Compiled and Edited by Karla J. MCMechan U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration Contract AT(45-1)-2227. Task Agreement 12 OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY RLO-2227-T12-54 Reference 75-2 1 April 1974 through 31 March 1975 ECOLOGICAL STUDIES OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT PACIFIC OCEAN (USERDA Contract AT(45-1)-2227, Task Agreement 12) PROGRESS REPORT 1 April 1974 through 31 March 1975 RLO-2227-T12-54 Compiled and Edited by KarlaJ. McMechan Submitted to Division of Environmental and Biomedical Research U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration By NormanH. Cutshall Principal Investigator William G. Pearcy Robert L. Holton Co-Investigators School of Oceanography Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon 97331 Reference75-2 John V. Byrne April 1975 Dean ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A major expense in oceanographic research is "time at sea." Operations on the R/V YAQUINA, R/V CAYUSE, R/V PAIUTE, and R/V SACAJAWEA were funded by several agencies, with the bulk coming from the National Science Foundation and Office of Naval Research. Certain special cruises of radiochemical or radioecological import were funded by the U.S. Energy Research and Develop- ment Administration, as was much of the equipment for radioanalysis and stable element analysis. We gratefully acknowledge the role of these agen- cies in support of the research reported in the following pages. We also wish to express our thanks to the numerous students and staff who contributed to the preparation of this progress report. NOTICE The progress report that follows includes research results ranging from unproved ideas to scientific papers published during the tenure of this contract. The end of the contract year finds several facets of our work in various states of preparation, therefore the reader is cautioned that all except the published papers are subject to revision. iii PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR Norman H.Cutshall, Ph.D. Research Associate CO-INVESTIGATORS Robert L. Holton, Ph.D. Research Associate William G. Pearcy, Ph.D. Professor STAFF Norman D. Farrow, B.S. Instrument Technician Vernon G. Johnson, M.S. Research Assistant Earl E. Krygier, M.S. Research Assistant I. Lauren Larsen, M.S. Research Associate Karla J. McMechan, M.A. Research Assistant R. Eugene Ruff, B.S. Research Assistant Jerome J. Wagner, B.A. Research Assistant STUDENTS John Steven Davis, B.A. AMAX Graduate Research Assistant David W. Evans, M.S. Graduate Student A. Russell Flegal, Jr., M.A. ERDA Graduate Research Assistant John N. McCall, B.S. AMAX Graduate Research Assistant Janakiram R. Naidu, Ph.D. ERDA Graduate Research Assistant Katsuo A. Nishikawa K., B.S. MexicanGovernment Fellow Walter H. Pearson, M.S. IDOE Graduate Research Assistant Gerhardt F. Riedel, B.S. ERDA Graduate Research Assistant Thomas J. Roffe, B.S. ERDA Graduate Research Assistant TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . 1 STUDENT PARTICIPATION . .. 13 ABSTRACTSOF THESES RLO-2227-T12-47 . .. ... .. 17 Naidu,J.R. 1974. Radioactive zinc (65zn), zinc, cadmium, and mercury inthe Pacific Hake,Merluccius productus(Ayres), off the west coastof the U.S. Ph.D. Thesis. RLO-2227-T12-52 .. .. ... .. ... 19 Scheidt, R.D. 1975. Relation between natural radioactivity in sediment and potential heavy mineral enrichment on the Washington continental shelf. M.S. Thesis. MEETINGS ATTENDED ...... .. ... .. 21 RESEARCH IN PROGRESS Post-shutdown radionuclide transport study . 23 Loss of zinc-65 and manganese-54from the freshwater clamAnodonta 24 Accumulation and cyclingof Hanford produced 32P by the juvenile starry flounderPZatichthyssteZZatus(Ayres) in the Columbia River estuary................... ... 25 Effects of seawater and transition metal chemistry . 25 65Zn in mussels and its relationshipto the specific activity approach ...........................` 26 Growth rate studies of mussels, MytiZus caZifornianus...... 27 Cobalt-60 in albacore tuna off the west coast of North America . 27 Depth vs. zinc-65 radioactivityand specific activity of oceanic animals............ ...... .... 27 Vertical distribution of mesopelagic and bathypelagic animals . 28 Deep ocean fallout study . ..... 28 Carbon-14 and deep-sea food webs . 29 vi Biology and systematics of deep-sea animals . 29 Uptake of trace metal radioisotopes by marine phytoplankton . 30 Anodic stripping voltametry . 30 Role of deposit-feeding estuarine crustaceans in the cycling . of 65Zn. 31 . Youngs Bay sedimentation study . 32 The feeding behavior of the starryflounder,Platichthys stellatus........ .... ............... 32 Adaptive feeding and swimming stragegies of an intertidal gammaridamphipod,Corophiwn saZmonis Stimpson ........ 33 References . .......................... 33 RESEARCH COMPLETED RLO-2227-T12-19....... .. ... ........ 35 Wasmer, R.A.1974.A description of PetaZidiwn suspiriosum Burkenroad, 1937 (Decapoda:Natantia). Crustaeeana27(2): 159-169. RLO-2227-T12-35 ..... ................... 46 Iwamoto,T. and D.L.Stein. 1974. A systematic review of the rattail fishes(Macrouridae:Gadiformes)from Oregon and adja- cent waters.0cc. Pap. Calif. Acad. Sei. 111. 79 pp. ... RLO- 2 2 2 7- T 12 - 36 ............. .......... 86 Cutshall,N.H. 1974. Turnover of 65Zn inoysters. Health Phys. 26(April):327-331. RLO-2227-T12-40 . 91 Pearcy,W.G.and J.W.Ambler. .1974. Food habits of deep-sea macrourid fishes off the Oregon coast.Deep-Sea Res. 21: 745-759. RLO-222 7-T12-45 .........................106 Farrow, N.D.and I.L.Larsen. 1974. A Shallow water "mini- dredge." Exposure; A Newsletter for Ocean Technologists 2(5): 10-11. vii RLO-2227-T12-48 . , , , , , , .108 Naidu, J.R.andN.H. Cutshall. 1974. Radioactive Zinc(65Zn), Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury inthe Pacific Hake,MerZucciu8 productue(Ayres), off the West Coast of theUnited States: A Data Report. Data Report 60, Reference 74-9, Schoolof Oceanog- raphy, Oregon State University,Corvallis, Oregon. 53 pp. RLO-2227-T12-50 . , , .. ... .. .114 Cutshall,N.H. Press] [In Metals inEstuaries..Accepted for publication in Proceedingsof the3rd Annual Technical Conference on Estuaries of thePacificNorthwest, 14-15March1974. OSU Sea Grant CollegeProgram, Corvallis,Oregon. RLO-2227-T12-51 . .......................121 Krygier, E.S. and R.A.Wasmer. [In Press] Description and biology of a new species ofpelagic penaeid shrimp, from the Northeastern Pacific by Fishery Bulletin. Accepted RLO-2227-T12-53 ... ........... ......145 Nishikawa K., K. and I.L. Larsen.[In Press]Estudios basicos de contaminacion marina:Radiactividad en organismos marinos de la costa noroccidental de BajaCalifornia.Accepted for publication in Memorias deZ V CongresonacionaZ de Oceanografia, Guaymas, Sonora,Mexico,October 22-25, 1974. RLO-2 2 2 7-T12 -5 5 .............. ..........156 Stein,D. A systematic review of the deep waterliparidae from the coast of Oregon and adjacentwaters. Submittedto Calif. Acad. Sci. Oce. Pap. PUBLICATIONS ..... .. .. .................157 INTRODUCTION This report represents progress in "EcologicalStudies of Radioactivity in the Columbia River Estuary and Adjacent PacificOcean" during the period 1 April 1974 to 31 March 1975. This research has been supported with funds from the Division of Biomedical and Environmental Research,U.S. Energy Researchand Development Administration through Contract AT(45-1)-2227,Task Agreement 12. Early sections of this reportare devoted to our most current activities and deal descriptively with researchunderway. The Research Completed section of the report includes manuscripts which have beensubmitted for publication during the reporting period. This section also includes reprints of papers published during the reporting period. SCIENTIFIC BACKGROUND The oceans and, particularly, the coastal zonesare destined to be the site of increasingly intense developmentof energy generation facilities. Nuclear facilities seem particularly adaptableto advantages of coastal sites. It is imperative that this imminent developmentproceed with maximum possible understanding of how the coastal and oceanicecosystems function. It has been apparent for someyears now that location of electrical generating plants, especially nuclearplants, would be increasingly oriented toward the coastal ocean. Not only are many power users, i.e. industrial and population centers, already sited in the coastalzone, but the access to marine transportation and to abundant coolantwater are of compelling importance. Offshore sites on artificial islandsor floating platforms, and even submerged sites, have gained prime consideration duringrecent years. By moving large generating facilities offshore, dose interaction with people is lessened with relativelylittle diminution of the qualities that make the coastal zone attractive for such facilities. Great force drives thismove to the coastal zone and offshore. Increase of energy demand has brought 1960'sforecasts of impending shortages to fact even in the mid-1970's. Already it appears that both the rate of increase of energy generating (converting) capabilityand the rate of shift toward the coastal zone are increasing. The oil crisis must cause a greater share of our energy to come from alternativesources such as nuclear fission and, eventually, fusion. The scale and scope of man's activities in the near shore ocean during the remainder ofthe twentieth century will be substan- tially greater than it has beento date. It
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