Green Tobacco Sickness
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Juul and Other High Nicotine E-Cigarettes Are Addicting a New Generation of Youth
JUUL AND OTHER HIGH NICOTINE E-CIGARETTES ARE ADDICTING A NEW GENERATION OF YOUTH Launched in 2015, JUUL quickly disrupted the e-cigarette marketplace, popularizing e-cigarette devices that are sleek, discreet and have sweet flavors and a powerful nicotine hit. Nicotine is highly addictive, can negatively impact the development of the adolescent brain, and can harm the cardiovascular system.1 Youth e-cigarette use in the United States has skyrocketed to what the U.S. Surgeon General and the FDA have called “epidemic” levels, with 3.6 million middle and high school students using e- cigarettes. 2 Former FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb has stated, “There’s no question the Juul product drove a lot of the youth use.”3 The Surgeon General has called for “aggressive steps to protect our children from these highly potent products that risk exposing a new generation of young people to nicotine.”4 Use of Nicotine Salts Makes it Easier for New Users to Try E-Cigarettes Just like the tobacco industry has used additives and design changes to make cigarettes more addictive and appealing to new users (particularly youth),5 JUUL pioneered a new e-liquid formulation that delivers nicotine more effectively and with less irritation than earlier e-cigarette models. According to the company, the nicotine in JUUL is made from “nicotine salts found in leaf tobacco, rather than free-base nicotine,” in order to “accommodate cigarette-like strength nicotine levels.”6 JUUL’s original patent stated that, “certain nicotine salt formulations provide satisfaction in an individual superior to that of free base nicotine, and more comparable to the satisfaction in an individual smoking a traditional cigarette. -
E-Cigarette Health Advisory Nicotine Risks for Children, Teens, Young Adults and Pregnant Women
UPDATED NOVEMBER 2017 E-Cigarette Health Advisory Nicotine risks for children, teens, young adults and pregnant women This advisory seeks to inform health care professionals and parents of the health risks of nicotine exposure to children, teens and pregnant women related to the use of e-cigarettes (vaping devices). With increased use and expanding availability of nicotine products such as e-cigarettes, especially among young people, it is important to understand the facts about nicotine and its health effects. Studies have shown that nearly all e-cigarettes sold contain nicotine. Nicotine is addictive and can be toxic at high doses. Evidence also has shown nicotine can harm brain development during adolescence and young adulthood. Nicotine exposure, whether through traditional or new and emerging products, is unsafe for young people. Nicotine products pose a serious health risk for youth. The use of e-cigarettes and other e-cigarette n Nicotine exposure can harm or vaping products (such as vape pens, hookah brain development. pens, e-cigars and e-pipes) recently surpassed the use of conventional cigarettes to become the Adolescence — the transitional period between most commonly used tobacco product among U.S. childhood and adulthood, typically ranging from ages youth. [1] Given the use of e-cigarettes among teens 12 to 18 — is a critical window for brain growth and increased dramatically during 2011-2015, [1] it is critical development, when it is still “under construction.” [14, that public health officials and citizens understand 15] However, the brain continues to undergo structural the potential risks of using nicotine products for and functional development into young adulthood, young people. -
Question of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium Oxalate Is a Widespread Toxin Found in Many Species of Plants
Question Of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium oxalate is a widespread toxin found in many species of plants. What is the needle shaped crystal containing calcium oxalate called and what is the compilation of these structures known as? Answer: The needle shaped plant-based crystals containing calcium oxalate are known as raphides. A compilation of raphides forms the structure known as an idioblast. (Lim CS et al. Atlas of select poisonous plants and mushrooms. 2016 Disease-a-Month 62(3):37-66) Friday, December 2, 2016 Question: Which oral chelating agent has been reported to cause transient increases in plasma ALT activity in some patients as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions? Answer: Orally administered dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been reported to cause transient increases in ALT activity as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions. (Bradberry S et al. Use of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer) in adult patients with inorganic lead poisoning. 2009 Q J Med 102:721-732) Thursday, December 1, 2016 Question: What is Clioquinol and why was it withdrawn from the market during the 1970s? Answer: According to the cited reference, “Between the 1950s and 1970s Clioquinol was used to treat and prevent intestinal parasitic disease [intestinal amebiasis].” “In the early 1970s Clioquinol was withdrawn from the market as an oral agent due to an association with sub-acute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) in Japanese patients. SMON is a syndrome that involves sensory and motor disturbances in the lower limbs as well as visual changes that are due to symmetrical demyelination of the lateral and posterior funiculi of the spinal cord, optic nerve, and peripheral nerves. -
List of References Submitted During the Public Consultation
Bibliography of the Sources Examined for the Opinion on the Addictiveness and Attractiveness of Tobacco Additives ACSCAN (American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network), American Heart Association, American Lung Association, Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, American Legacy Foundation. Submission to U.S. Food and Drug Administration re Docket No. FDA- 2010-N-0207, 2010; July 26. Available from: URL: http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/reports/fda/regulatory_docs/Comments%20to%20 FDA%20RFI%20re%20youth%20and%20minority%20marketing%207-26-10.pdf Adam T, McAughey J, McGrath C, Mocker C, Zimmermann R. Simultaneous on-line size and chemical analysis of gas phase and particulate phase of cigarette mainstream smoke. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1193-203. Adam T, Mitschke S, Streibel T, Baker RR, Zimmermann R. Puff-by-puff resolved characterisation of cigarette mainstream smoke by single photon ionisation (SPI)- time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS): comparison of the 2R4F research cigarette and pure Burley, Virginia, Oriental and Maryland tobacco cigarettes. Anal Chim Acta. 2006 Jul 21;572(2):219-29. Epub 2006; May 22. Ahijevych K, Garrett BE. Menthol pharmacology and its potential impact on cigarette smoking behaviour. Nicotine Tob Res 2004; 6 Suppl 1:S17-28. Ahijevych K, Gillespie J, Demirci M, Jagadeesh J. Menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes and smoke exposure in black and white women. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996; 53:355-60. Ahijevych K, Parsley LA. Smoke constituent exposure and stage of change in black and white women cigarette smokers. Addict Behav 1999; 24:115-20. Akehurst BC Tobacco. Second edition. Tropical Agriculture Series. Longman. London and New York. 1981; Pp. -
Tobacco in Australia Facts & Issues
Tobacco in Australia Facts & Issues A comprehensive online resource tobaccoinaustralia.org.au Book excerpt List of chapters available at tobaccoinaustralia.org.au Introduction Chapter 1 Trends in the prevalence of smoking Chapter 2 Trends in tobacco consumption Chapter 3 The health effects of active smoking Chapter 4 The health effects of secondhand smoke Chapter 5 Factors influencing the uptake and prevention of smoking Chapter 6 Addiction Chapter 7 Smoking cessation Chapter 8 Tobacco use among Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders Chapter 9 Smoking and social disadvantage Chapter 10 The tobacco industry in Australian society Chapter 11 Tobacco advertising and promotion Chapter 12 The construction and labelling of Australian cigarettes Chapter 13 The pricing and taxation of tobacco products in Australia Chapter 14 Social marketing and public education campaigns Chapter 15 Smokefree environments Chapter 16 Tobacco litigation in Australia Chapter 17 The economics of tobacco control Chapter 18 The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Appendix 1 Useful weblinks to tobacco resources Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues. Fourth Edition A comprehensive review of the major issues in smoking and health in Australia, compiled by Cancer Council Victoria. First edition published by ASH (Australia) Limited, Surry Hills, NSW, 1989 Second edition published by the Victorian Smoking and Health Program, Carlton South, Victoria (Quit Victoria), 1995 Third edition published by Cancer Council Victoria 2008 in electronic format only. ISBN number: 978-0-947283-76-6 Suggested citation: Scollo, MM and Winstanley, MH. Tobacco in Australia: Facts and issues. 4th edn. Melbourne: Cancer Council Victoria; 2012. Available from www.TobaccoInAustralia.org.au OR <Author(s) of relevant chapter section>, <Name of chapter section> in Scollo, MM and Winstanley, MH [editors]. -
Green Tobacco Sickness
294 Tobacco Control 1998;7:294–298 Tob Control: first published as 10.1136/tc.7.3.294 on 1 September 1998. Downloaded from REVIEW ARTICLE Green tobacco sickness JeVrey S McBride, David G Altman, Melissa Klein, Wain White Abstract are well known. Less well known are the health Objective—To describe the health impact eVects of handling wet tobacco leaves. Green of harvesting tobacco and to suggest tobacco sickness (GTS) is a form of nicotine prevention and risk reduction strategies to poisoning that aVects workers who have direct avoid contracting green tobacco sickness contact with tobacco plants during cultivation (GTS). and harvesting. Symptoms of GTS are similar Data sources—A literature search of to those induced by pesticide exposure or heat Medline, Toxline, and Toxline65 with the exhaustion, and to nicotine intoxication terms “green”, “tobacco”, and “sickness” experienced by novice smokers. Thus, GTS covering the years 1966–1998. may be misdiagnosed by practitioners unfamil- Study selection—All studies, reviews, and iar with this condition.1–4 Although GTS has commentaries that provided information not been associated with mortality or on the health eVects of harvesting green long-term morbidity, it causes significant tobacco and disease prevention strategies. discomfort and lost productivity among Data synthesis—GTS occurs when to- tobacco workers.1 4–8 bacco workers hand-harvest, cut, or load Much of the research on GTS has focused tobacco plants, usually in the early morn- on American tobacco harvesters. Internation- ing or after a rainfall when tobacco plants ally, the eVects and prevalence of GTS are not are covered with moisture. -
First Aid for Nicotine Poisoning
11/17/2017 First Aid for Nicotine Poisoning First Aid for Nicotine Poisoning Last updated Aug. 7, 2017 What is Nicotine Poisoning? Nicotine is a compound found abundantly in tobacco leaves. It is also present in plants belonging to the nightshade family, which includes tomato and eggplant (brinjal). Nicotine is addictive and acts as a stimulant when consumed Common methods of consuming nicotine include smoking cigarettes and chewing tobacco. The dose of nicotine consumed varies with the mode of consumption Nicotine Poisoning is the accidental or intentional intake of any product containing the compound. Acute cases of poisoning are observed in children and teens who consume too much nicotine The condition is diagnosed based upon the clinical history, combination of signs and symptoms, and additional tests (that may include, in some cases, radiological studies and laboratory tests) Nicotine Poisoning may be also referred to as Nicotine Toxicity. What are the Causes of Nicotine Poisoning? Nicotine Poisoning is caused by the intake of nicotine compounds This intake could be accidental, or in some cases intentional, to bring self-harm It is available in the form of cigarettes and beedis, nicotine gums and patches (sold as Nicorette, Habitrol, Nicoderm), tobacco pipes and hookahs, and even e-cigarettes (where nicotine is in liquid form). Nicotine is also found in some insecticides and medicated skin ointments and creams Note: The compound can interact with other prescribed or non-prescribed medications in the body. Such interactions may enhance the therapeutic effects of other medications being taken, resulting in undesired side effects. What are the Signs and Symptoms of Nicotine Poisoning? The signs and symptoms of Nicotine Poisoning can vary from one individual to another. -
REPORT-TZ Bull-278; Aull-278-A UB DATE 75 E 127P
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 114 75.8 CG -010 220 TITLE Drugs and. Drug Abuse: Alcohol, Tobacco, and Controlled Dangerous Substances (A Supplement to the Course of.Study for Science, Grade 7). Bulletin No. 278; [and] Bibliography and Teacher Packet, Bulletin No 278-A. \ INSTITUTION Montgomery County Public Schools, RockviIie, Md. REPORT-TZ Bull-278; Aull-278-A UB DATE 75 E 127p. EDRS RRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$6.97 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS Alcohol Education; Bibliographies; *Curriculum Guides; *Drug Abuse; *Drug Education; *Grade 7; Instructional ,Materials; *Junior High Schools; Reference Materials; Resource Guides; Secondary Education; *Teaching Gwides; Tobacco ABSTRACT The primary bulletin outlines a teaching program for seventh-grade students-on drugs and drug abuse, and isdesigned to supplement the school science curriculum. The programis directed towards_proViding.faCtual information about various drugs and appropriate techniques that the teacher need8, It also_provides appropriate- learning experiencesfor the student. Stressis placed on the physical nature of the drugs and theirphysiological effects on the hutan body. It is hoped that this approachwill ensure that. students will become aware of the effects of drug abuse on the individual, his family, his community andsociety' as 'a whole. Suggestions are offered as to potential community resourcesthat could be'utiliZed as consultants and gUestspeakers. The guide is organized into two°sections for each drug: a teacherinformation section and a teaching_unit. The supplementarybulletin contains a bibliography of drug literature, tests for students,tables of-drug _characteristics., slang and techniCal terms, drug abuse symptoms,and Maryland laws on drug abuse. (NG) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include manyinformal unpublished * * materials not availablefrom other sources.,ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copyavailable. -
Nicotine Poisoning
April/May 2014 Poison Center Hotline: 1-800-222-1222 The Maryland Poison Center’s Monthly Update: News, Advances, Information A New Source of Nicotine Poisoning: E-Cigarettes and E-Liquid Nicotine Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming very popular as a replace- ment for traditional tobacco products. But with the increase in use there has been an increase in poisonings. According to the CDC, calls to poison centers involving children and adults increased from 1 a month in September 2010 to 215 per month in February 2014 (CDC. MMWR 2014;63:291-2). E-cigarettes contain nicotine in a cartridge that is vaporized by a heating coil. When full, the cartridges contain a volume of > 1 mL of liquid nicotine. Poison- ings can involve the cartridge itself or the e-liquid from refill bottles. Many of the e-liquid nicotine products are flavored (e.g. bubble gum, chocolate) mak- ing them attractive to toddlers and teens, and they are often sold in contain- Did you know? ers without child-resistant caps. The bottles are usually small (5 mL to 30 mL), The FDA proposed a rule on but large containers that hold liters or gallons are also available The liquid is April 24, 2014 that would give sold in varying concentrations; most of the ready-to-use products contain up the agency the authority to to 24 mg of nicotine per mL while some products contain up to 100 mg/mL regulate e-cigarettes. designed to be diluted before using. The products are currently not regulated; therefore the actual amount of nicotine might not be as labeled, and other toxic ingredients could be present. -
Nicotine Intoxication by E-Cigarette Liquids: a Study of Case Reports and Pathophysiology
Clinical Toxicology ISSN: 1556-3650 (Print) 1556-9519 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ictx20 Nicotine intoxication by e-cigarette liquids: a study of case reports and pathophysiology Gerdinique C. Maessen, Anjali M. Wijnhoven, Rosalie L. Neijzen, Michelle C. Paulus, Dayna A. M. van Heel, Bart H. A. Bomers, Lucie E. Boersma, Burak Konya & Marcel A. G. van der Heyden To cite this article: Gerdinique C. Maessen, Anjali M. Wijnhoven, Rosalie L. Neijzen, Michelle C. Paulus, Dayna A. M. van Heel, Bart H. A. Bomers, Lucie E. Boersma, Burak Konya & Marcel A. G. van der Heyden (2020) Nicotine intoxication by e-cigarette liquids: a study of case reports and pathophysiology, Clinical Toxicology, 58:1, 1-8, DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2019.1636994 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1636994 © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa Published online: 09 Jul 2019. UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Submit your article to this journal Article views: 3728 View related articles View Crossmark data Citing articles: 6 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=ictx20 CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY 2020, VOL. 58, NO. 1, 1–8 https://doi.org/10.1080/15563650.2019.1636994 REVIEW Nicotine intoxication by e-cigarette liquids: a study of case reports and pathophysiology aà aà aà aà Gerdinique C. Maessen , Anjali M. Wijnhoven , Rosalie L. Neijzen , Michelle C. Paulus , aà aà aà aà Dayna A. M. van Heel , Bart H. A. Bomers , Lucie E. Boersma , Burak Konya and Marcel A. -
Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam Msc and Allister Vale MD
Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD March 2014 CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH Patterns of presentation and clinical toxicity after reported use of alpha methyltryptamine in the United Kingdom. A report from the UK National Poisons Information Service Kamour A, James D, Spears R, Cooper G, Lupton DJ, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale AJ, Thanacoody HKR, Hill SL, Thomas SHL. Clin Toxicol 2014; 52: 192-7. Objective To characterise the patterns of presentation, clinical effects and possible harms of acute toxicity following recreational use of alpha methyltryptamine (AMT) in the United Kingdom, as reported by health professionals to the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) and to compare clinical effects with those reported after mephedrone use. Methods NPIS telephone enquiries and TOXBASE® user sessions, the NPIS online information database, related to AMT were reviewed from March 2009 to September 2013. Telephone enquiry data were compared with those for mephedrone, the recreational substance most frequently reported to the NPIS, collected over the same period. Results There were 63 telephone enquiries regarding AMT during the period of study, with no telephone enquiries in 2009 or 2010, 19 in 2011, 35 in 2012 and 9 in 2013 (up to September). Most patients were male (68%) with a median age of 20 years. The route of exposure was ingestion in 55, insufflation in 4 and unknown in 4 cases. Excluding those reporting co-exposures, clinical effects recorded more frequently in AMT (n = 55) compared with those of mephedrone (n = 488) users including acute mental health disturbances (66% vs. -
E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: a Report of the Surgeon General
E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults: A Report of the Surgeon General 2016 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General Rockville, MD National Library of Medicine Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General, issuing body. | National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U.S.). Office on Smoking and Health, issuing body. Title: E-cigarette use among youth and young adults : a report of the Surgeon General. Description: Atlanta, GA : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references. Subjects: MESH: Electronic Cigarettes – utilization. | Smoking – adverse effects. | Electronic Cigarettes – adverse effects. | Tobacco Industry. | Young Adult. | Adolescent. | United States. Classification: NLM QV 137 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Office on Smoking and Health For more information For more information about the Surgeon General’s report, visit www.surgeongeneral.gov. To download copies of this document, go to www.cdc.gov/tobacco. To order copies of this document, go to www.cdc.gov/tobacco and click on Publications Catalog or call 1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636); TTY: 1-888-232-6348. Suggested Citation U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S.