DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 114 75.8 CG -010 220

TITLE Drugs and. Drug Abuse: , , and Controlled Dangerous Substances (A Supplement to the Course of.Study for Science, Grade 7). Bulletin No. 278; [and] Bibliography and Teacher Packet, Bulletin No 278-A. \ INSTITUTION Montgomery County Public Schools, RockviIie, Md. REPORT-TZ Bull-278; Aull-278-A UB DATE 75 E 127p.

EDRS RRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$6.97 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS Alcohol Education; Bibliographies; *Curriculum Guides; *Drug Abuse; *Drug Education; *Grade 7; Instructional ,Materials; *Junior High Schools; Reference Materials; Resource Guides; Secondary Education; *Teaching Gwides; Tobacco

ABSTRACT The primary bulletin outlines a teaching program for seventh-grade students-on drugs and drug abuse, and isdesigned to supplement the school science curriculum. The programis directed towards_proViding.faCtual information about various drugs and appropriate techniques that the teacher need8, It also_provides appropriate- learning experiencesfor the student. Stressis placed on the physical nature of the drugs and theirphysiological effects on the hutan body. It is hoped that this approachwill ensure that. students will become aware of the effects of drug abuse on the individual, his family, his community andsociety' as 'a whole. Suggestions are offered as to potential community resourcesthat could be'utiliZed as consultants and gUestspeakers. The guide is organized into two°sections for each drug: a teacherinformation section and a teaching_unit. The supplementarybulletin contains a bibliography of drug literature, tests for students,tables of-drug _characteristics., slang and techniCal terms, drug abuse symptoms,and laws on drug abuse. (NG)

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Reproductions * * supplied by EDRS are the bestthat'can be made from the original. ,* *********************************************************************** THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO- U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,NATIONALEDUCATION INSTITUTE L WELFARE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONSENTSTATEDATINGTHEDUCED PERSON OFFICIAL IT DO POINTS EXACTLY NOT POSITIONOR NATIONAL NECESSARILYORGANIZATIONOF VIEW AS ORfOLICY RECEIVED INSTITUTEOR OPINIONS REP,R,E ORIGIN- OFFROM DRUGS AND DRUG ABUSE: (A Supplement to ALCOHOL,the Course TOBACCO, of Study AND for CONTROLLED Science, DANGEROUSGrade SUBSTANCES 7)° V a Bulletin No. 278 C MontgomeryRockVille, County Maryland Public Schools dr YA!i HomerSuperintendent O. Elseroad of Schools S Copyright 1975 .Board of Education of Montgomery County Rockville, Maryland by tht TABLE OF CONTENTS. Page Foreword r o vi AcknowledgmentsPreface xi MajorPerformanceOverview Concepts Objectives xii Classification of Drugs cr Alcohol' TeacherTeathing Informatiorl Unit . ii 1 ' Tobacco 'Teacher TeachingInformation Unit 3023. Controlled Dangerous Substances Teacher Information 39 Bibliography-and Teacher Packet Teaching prit Bulletin 278-A . / . 51 iii FOREWORD O 'Recognizingof that those drug problems abuse iswhich one areof thecontributing most serious to Montgomery County the deterioration 'adopted PolicyMCPS'swhichofa Policyour wasStatementcommitmentsociety, Statementrevised theand toand on Boardthedrug adoptedDrug implementation abuseof Abuse Educationon education Aprilon July ofstatement 9,as 1970, 30, 1973:. To fulfill outlined in the which physiologicalThisaccompaniedit isbulletin-stresses hoped it, effects.that this students unit on.thethe has physical,naturewill humanbeen become body.developed aware Through thisof approach,drugs andof theirthe effectsfor Grade of 7: drugabuse on the individual, his family,, his the problem of drug community, and . -individual'sstudentsabusesocietyto drugs. will as an familya continue awarenesswhole., can until On offerof the the society, ourother.hand, need young for the peoplesuch viable Hopefully this unit will awaken in both community, and the alternatives.' adults and alternativea In view of medical advancements in No.andthethis 240.areasdrug document abuseof alcohol, in replaces the tobacco,past MCP five Bulletindrugs,--' years; PREFACE generates.This unit is organized as an integral part of the overall curriculum design from which the Program of Studies InvestigationIn the existing of framework,the meaning the of majorman's theme of relalionship to his environment,'and the development of wholesome 'attitudes thethemselves science programnaturally in toGrade this 7 unittreats on the-biologydrugs and drug and abuse.health It is of'man. . providesindividualadolescence,consideredand values - learningandvitalconcerning objective of thatthe experiences totalattentionthis knowledge relationship,society. appropriate to of this drugs--both matter lend.to this be their given use in and The present unit is directed toward providing such objective. the context of scientific inquiry.misuse -is vital to the future well-being of each objective knowledge and As the sthdents enter alike.Thisthe teachihgsubstancessubject unitf drugdiscussed, should abuse. represent nor of their a challenge physiological to all There is challenge both in the nature of the subject Many people, teachers included, are not aware of the hmerous types insights in this area, it is hoped that the teacher will prepare, and psychological effectseventh on thegrade body... science Because teachers-=experienced research is and inexperiencedmaterial and in the presentation of information about .and properties of With the aid pre-ofeveryIt his' isand day imperativeclass, posttests uncovering a personal thatin newthe the faOtsfileteacher teacher ofand current become materials. packet will ,provide a gauge to indicate any. areas of weakness. thoroughly acquainted with the information in each of the teaching units; mustThe.resource be taken ,intoteam wildconsideration: prepared this unit feels that in Information should be presented factually. orderGreat to care implement must be specific taken to educational avoid moralizing. goals the following 2. Theteacher, unit provides ndunderstanding'the materials many whichdifferent individualmeet areahis particular needa.of hissituation. pupils, of study. It is not intended that all activities be pursued. should feel free to choose the subject matter The 3. (a Knowledgeablecounselors, police,.consultants ex-addicts, in the school'doctors, and and community parents. should the age and sex of the speaker, the topic being be utalized.; e.g., teachers, school nurSes,. 4. Whendicussed, using speakers, and the ageespecially .of the ex- student addicts,'- group. consider vii 5. It is important that avariety. pf media be selected in order to maintain an . effective,.well-balanced 6. Objectivityprogram. in discussion must be maintained. (filmstrips, speakers, films, investigative activities, etc.) weeks to the 8. ThisstudyGenerally unit, of controlled oneis moreweek' relevant eachdangerous should if substances.incorporated be devoted towith the the units study on ofalcohol tje nervous, and tobacco, two respiratory, and digestive 9. previewed.byEvensystems though in the thethe-teacher. seventhresource grade team sciencehas provided curriculUm a or after these systems It is recommended that a class discussion follow the showing of each film. summary of each film and filmstrip, these should be have been completed. This teaching unit for Grade 7 was developed by the ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.following workshop members during the summer dI JohnJosephRussellThomasCharles M. P. Grega,M. Wright,Cami)ieell,J. Smetanick, LaRue, Science Science Science Counselor, ScienceTeacher, Teacher, Resource Teacher, RobertMontgomery Thomas Teacher, E.Earle W.Peary. Pyle_Junior B.Paint WoOd.High HillS Junior High School Branch blIgh School Junior HighSchool School High School The revision committee members of the summer of 1971 were: RussellSandra Hall Wright, Science-Teacher,:.Thomas W. Pyle Junior High Science Teacher, Earle B. WOod Junior High School School The present revision was done by the following workshop LoreleiThomasGregory M.J. M. Smetanick,Summerville, BoriS, Teacher Science Science Specialist, Teacher, Teacher, Redland Health Redland JuniorEducation Juniormembers: High School High School-. The following consultants were of assistance 1.n .Dr. VictorRichard H..Cohn, P. Bricken, Department Attorney of at'Law, Public Defenders PharMacology, The George'Washington University Medical School the revision of this unit: Office Dr.Roy JosephL. Davis, Vignone, Community Specialist Program in Development Educational Division, National ClearinghouseTechnologies, for National Instituteand Health on Alcohdl Abuse and Aldoholism ' ix developmentnotThetreatment onlyinventiveness in and andthe use curehistorical ofof ofmandrugs. many has deVelopment illnessesalways been bothof aimed at As a result, the use of some types of drugs is accepted as a part physicaltdols but andalso mental in.the have been for attempted drugs to withcure athe consequent ills of mankind. relieving the burdens which man must endure. . This can beof seen our modern way increase in-the The whenphysicalOfMan dealing iaehas are unfortunatelyaffliction .withsad, widemany have awake ofshown theselittle when a ills.tendency our body to is overuse tired, or danger of being over used, but a problem stems from use of those that Make us happy drugs to improve his mental state. able to sleep. when we are worried and nervous. Most drugs which:cure temporary Many of these Currently,drugs have 'communityharmful -side concern effects regarding (addiction drug misusec is . physical and psychological; lasting physical damage). centered on our youth. They are growing up in a world full of problemsthatpressures. manyfor whichyoung theypeople see turn no immediateto drug experimentation. solutions. Superimposed on this is peer pressure accompanied by Adolescents undergo bodily. changes with related emotional the "fad syndrome." It is not surprising, therefore, tobacco, cryingdrugsAndThis those supplementwith out drugsmixedTor solutions-to toknownactions)- the legallycourse- -the existing as ofuse "Controlledstudy or ones: abuse for scienceof which is Dangerous Substances"--(, depressants, Grade 7 includes teacher inforMation and units on alcohol,creating additional Problems for a society that is already , and those, Cr' 1. A drug isa substance other than air, water, or MAJORCONCEPTS food nutrients taken into the body to produce an .effect on the 2. bodyDrugshallucinogens, or thind.which effect and the those mind with can mixedbe grouped actions. into the following categories: Stimulants, depressants, 4.3. DrugThe abuse misuse is aof problem alcohol inarid our other drugs is a major cause society, and concrete steps will be required to curb this of the trials and sufferings of many pe problem. opie in.our 5. documentedTheresociety.. are nowith specifically increasingly recognized clear evidence. medical values in the use of tobacco; yet.its harmful effects are xi being 6. Drug abuse appears to be strongly related to personality problems. L .8. 7. SubstancesThere is high assimilated correlation by thebetween body drugcan modifyabuse andhuman crime. growth and deyflapmene: 10. . 9. ' Reactions of onecanEvery drugbe drugrelated in isa general,groupCapableto the. of having (stimulants, a variety depressants, of reactions. hallucinogens, and physiological and psychological reactions of any drug in that group. those with mixed actions 11. All drugs can produce a psychological dependency but only depressants can produce a PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES physiological-,dependency. Each student155 . will be able to: Identify those substances which are clasSified as mind-altering drugs and those which are not 3. DifferentiatePresentmixed actions objective between scientific drugs 'that iifformationconcerning are classified as stimulants, alcohol, tobacco, depressants, and controlled hallucinogens, dangerous and .substances,thosemith and 4. givenDescribetheir usesan theassimilated and process effects bysubstance onwhich individuals each such force as and tobacco, operates society alcohol, (such as or family, controlled community,,peer dangerous substance pressure, fa and ocial forcessyndrome), 5.6. DiscriminateRecognizethis time the when between difference given those'.which a listbetween of physiological,statementsare based uponconcerning dependenceverifiable the andphysical psychologiCal appearance, dependence action, onuse, evidence and those which have no factual basis at drugs and misuse of drugs 7.8. ListthoSeIdentify or whichname those someart peer detrimentalof thegroup. various practicesto health,-facilities relative and available explain to the whytouse help of andrug assimilated users substance which are beneficial and 9. Recognize constructive and satisfying alternatives to drug abuse xii - I CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS Drugs are taken to mean any substance other than air, water, or food taken into The definition is so broad that frenquettly alcohol and tobacco are specifically excluded. the body to produce an effect on the, In doesfourotherthishuman not majorteachingbodydrugs imply orcategories: which mind.unit,relative are _hqweve, legally 'stimulants,strength alcoholknown but depressants,as isand "controlledlisted tObacCo alphabetically.. hallucinogens,are dangerous discussed.' substances." and They mixed are, actions. however, treated Mind-altering drugs may be classified into The following classilaFatdon separately from those 'STIMULANTSAmphetamides (speed)Benzedrine AntihistaminesAlcohol DEPRESSANTS Volatile Chemicals (solvents) MIXEDMarijUanaHashishTHC ACTIONS (Tetrohydrocannabinol) MethamphetamineCocaineCaffeine DeXedrine AspirinBarbiturates Amobarbital(Amytal) AerosolAcetoneEtherCarbonBenzene sprayTetrachloride PhenmetrazineNicotine MethedrineDesoxyn . PentobarbitalTuinalSecobarbital(Nembutal)(Seconal) LacquerGlueGasolineFreon thinner HALLUCINOGENSPsychedelics Preludin -Bromides'Narcotics HeroinCodeine MarkingLighterLaughing(nitrous pencil*fluid. fluidgas oxide) DETLSDDMT.(Dimethyltryptamine) (Diethyltryptamine) (Lysergic Saure OpiumMorphineParegorico Xylene'TolueneNaptha Diethylamide) . Narcotics (Synthetic) PsilaEybinPeyoteMescalinePsilocyn TranquilizersQuaalude (soper) MethadoneDemerolEquanil (Meperidine) Delirants pitranSTPScopolaMinePhencyclidine (DOM) (Seryol, PCP) ValiumMilLibrium town A. History of Alcohol TEACHER INFORMATION ON ALCOHOL C.B. WhatUses.of is Alcohol.? Alcohol . D.' Effects of Alcohol on the Body E. Alcoholiam:.Effects of Alcohol on Behavior Disease and Treatment C,1 H.G. TraffiEMotivational Safety Factors and Alcohol. Concerning Alcohol Cbnsumption .' I. Possible- Relationship between Alcohol and Crime TEACHING UNIT ON ALCOHOL The first distilled liquors were regarded as A. HISTORYprobablySince theOF before ALCOHOLearliest that), days man of hasrecorded known historyhow to make(and -- %,long thatmedicinesailmentsHave alcohol, extraordinary not- forcould aswhich beverages'.have theyhealing been were powers, prescribed and thebecame list so of They were thought to called the pro- 'which illustrateAgewassome thebeer forms potent jugs,the of Egyptian's fermentedingredient.carvings inTihebeveragesdrinking tombs customs, of Ben Hessen, The discovery of Stone in which alcohol verbialandto thtirhave "cure-all." widespreadprice decreased, use as'beverages distilled liquorsas well beganas But as their supply increased °, distillationRomelawsthe recordsofall 'India, confirm ofthrough ancientand this. the which China,literature stronger the sacredof concentrations-, Greece books and and However, the process of !field'applications.medicines,as have;satisfactorily a useful drug but itreplaced also had alcohol many dangerousin many In the past,.alcohol did have someToday value new discoveries in the meddcal Today, as a consequence, Onlydisc8veredof alcoholabout a bymaythOusand the, be obtainedfamods years Arabian ago.is said physician to have Rhazesbeen B. WHATofalcohol its IS earlier ALCOHOL? is not uses. so widely used in internal medicine. w r AlthoughhappenedforThe thtearliest they winter to neither themen juice,theyN540-undertook kn came to-to store realize grape the juice dis4ete,dthe results of fermentation._ - or understood what behavior. 'Ethyl alcoholflammable-called.sure. or ethanol grain liquid is 'alcohol aat colorless, standard since temperatureitvolatile, comes largely and pres- frbm the -The chemiCal:formula is C2H5OH. It is often becameFrimitiVe.man.attributedpeculiarspecialto the associated effectoccasions. it with had religiousupbn the humaneffects ceremonies of alcohol and other \enevolence of the gods, and thus alcohol processingstarchesintoxicatingfrpm fruits byof fefmentation.and grains;substance starchy however, isvegetabIek.as formed wOIL. This iniOlves the break- '67.0m the sugarscan andalso be gotten This Throughfoundingto play the a,of centuries, partJames in town, man's alcoholic colony, history. drinkingbeverages bustomS, In 1607, with the continuedo commonbydowncider certainexample of fromthe bacteria, of.sugarsappIe7JUI-L-t7-When fermentation and yeasts, starches or.molds. the juice. of the apple is the formationbehzymes of.produced One very because passye.ars-,widespreadwere introducedlaws the curtailing in governing the into colony; this thebody usecountry.. and within twelve short found it necessary to of alcoholic beverages. Driniqng was -;,iespecially when, the.i.The liquid yeAsts -is kept,isbreak forcedin down a warm outtheof place.insugars the a ciderpresence fOrming press,. of.sugarp. it is sweetthe apples which cause the juices to ferment; There are always yeasts altohol States.bevtrageSince this industry period hasin earlyflourished America,*the in the Unitedalcoholic ,andwhile carbon the dioxide.alcohol-is dissolved in the'water This gds bubbles to the top Of the o inalcoholapple number juice: and until carbon groups dioxide, othem the become yeast largeplants enough increase to Gradually, as the sugar j_s changed to alcoholbeverageeXpressed contained. is inapproximately terms of "proof." twice the percentage of For example, ninety proof The proof ofa becomesbecoMesbelonger visible; suffiCiently.great.cloudy.grow. and the apple juice, so that which the wasyeast once can clear, no The process of fermentation stops,As the thus alcohol is formed,. the amount separatesaBeverageis process 'about ethyl alcoholcalledfortyfive alcohol distillation.of percenthighfrom alcoholicthe alcohcl. other contentsubstances requires This process corn,limitingfermentation.Cereal or grains the potatoconcentration are also is changedused of as alcoholtoa basissugar formed. fobwhile alcoholic malting The starclOof wheat, rye, barley, .DistillationpreSentethyl(172.6 utilizes alcohol,at degreesthe heatend since F.) ofin theisthe lower fermentationisolationboiling than point thatof process. ofof alcoholwater haSalcohol.diastase.takes been place placed through in athe sealed action container, of the enzyme, the carbon If fermentation-continuesYeast is used in theafter fermentation the liquid of pureisin(212 themaintained ethyl degreesfermenting alcohol atF.) precisely.172.6 liquid. andbe obtained.)many other degreessubstances.presenit F. (Only if the temperature cart indioxideOther that willofchampagne be andheld related andin solutionbeer). substances under which pressure-(as are called . discoveryAlcoholUSES OF wasALCOHOL of utilizedether; consequently as an anesthetic prior to the patients Were SomecompoundsferMentationfusel of oilsthese of are maymoreand also be inpleasant changedtheformed later taste duringto maturationless by the aging.-irritating process of beverages. of They, painandofintoxicated ethylduringas a solventalcohol an intentibnally operation. forare pharmaceuticalprimarily to deaden as an drugs. theantiseptic feeling Today the medical uses aregivealong present the with beverage otherin sucti substancesits small characteristic amounts inthe thatoriginal flavor juices,but in comparisontheir action' wood..alcoholAnother whichtype ofis alcoholgotten fromis methyl the distillation alcohol or woodof The chemical forMula is CH3OH. Medically withonconsumedThere thethat arebody ofin three ethylisthe probably Unitedcommon alcohol. Statesformsinsignificant oftoday. beverage .These alcohol typos becauseittotaken is the used internallyitbody. hasfor arubbing cool wood and andalcohol soothing massaging effect. the body an become poisonous If percent.'shout.irnximately twelve twoto twenty to v.--five percent. inpercent. alcoholic .Wines content contain from The alcoholic content of beer is about two to fifty Hard- Liquors viiry whichThereof pteserliativeS, are essentialmany.oNier in paints,members or useful, plastics,of the in alcoholthe perfumes, production family soaps; in alcoholicLin percentage content' of alcoholfrom forty in toliquors fifty ispercent. usually .photographicbasefreezing supplies. for antifreeze point-and solutions. is used in cold climttes as ao Alcohol also has a very low 0 a 1_P D. EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON THE BODY quantitiesWhile in the = causesblood, clumpingalcohol -of even the inred very blood small 'processmannerAlcoholic differs as regularbeverages.greatly. food enter oroducts,'but the boy in thethe digestivesame Alcohol does not need to deprive'adjoiningoutcells.to thegrow body, too largethese cells toplugged enter of neededthecapillarieS capillarpies oxygen. begin to As the xed.cells clump together, they begin- This" Through- directlybetracesabsorption digested; ofinto alcohol begins itthe can circulatory canimmediatelybe abSorbedbe detected systeM., uponfrom in consumption,the theThis stomach blood within and spreadcapillariescellsoxygen oftodeprivation the'cortexdeeper become' levels hasplugged,of atheof depressing_ thebrain. the brEin.' effects effect begin on tothe As more and more -First outward withplaceminutes..Mostabsorbedthrough aboutwithin the throughtwenty the walls'of first thepercent theof absorptiontheliningfoot beingstomach. of of the absorbedtheof small alcoholmouth. intestine,directly takes Some-may be whichjudgment,signs.ofeffect restrains isthis and due areself7control. tothe seen the censor's asfact a decrease.that behavior the partinis memory,depressed. of the brain, The apparent stimulation quicklyAftertissue. entering transported the circulatory to all parts system, of the alcohol body 'is. Alcohol' is thus stored all over the body vision)A theimpairhigh individual. level becomesvision of toblurreda3coholic varying or contentdegrees,indistinct in depending theresulting blood upon willin Vision (especially peripheral .and notbrokenblood justthat containing dOwnin fat, particular chemically sugar, alcohol and places first.into. proteinenters in thetheare acetaldehyde, mannerliver,stored. it is As the: musclesbrain,skilledpoorthe judgment influence fromresulting activities responding of of distance.in alcohol.. suchas tomuch as the driving as Alcoholimpulses one fullis prevents increasedfrom second the the between by Reaction time for rdrink,perohour.ounea:,ofisthen metabolized into alcOholacetic at acid. -approximately'the is provided by: rate of one a shot-of.spirits (15 oz., of 40 to 50 percent The typical drink In a 150-pound man, alcbhol three-fourths Thetothe mostlack eyecells seriousofstimulus ofoxygen. the effect andmedulla the is subsequentceasethat whichfunctioning muscleoccurs response.duewhen The initial result is 'a pint of-beera glass (16of wine--(5 oz. of-5-percent alcohol). (5L of .12 percent -Alcohol), unconsciousness,to . but prolonged deprivation can lead - atanylevelConsumption the accumulation.of ratewill `of beat approximatelytwothis drinksalcohol rate willper in 0.05 hour,theresult percent. the in oldlittle,' blood if bloodi AlCohol However, AlcoholothersomerecoverEven sensitive thoughbody fromhas, cells,'brain mostthis-therefore, brain cells temporary cells inacells cumulativetheoften,die. oxygen. canrotbody are effectbe ablereplaced. overto deprivation, Unlike the livertheremains form where inof -thewasteit is blood 'material-broken until down. itor isrecycled-through either expelled the in O peribdsalcofiolid.shrfilkage-of of time. brain tissue in the severe, chronic This can be seen as 'an actual 1.(Washington,' D.C., U.S, Covernment PrintingSecretary Office, of DecemberHeAth, Education, 1971), p. '37.and Welfare, First Special Reort to the 4 U.S.-Congress on Alcohol' and Health. Alcoholsystem hasitself. a secondary effect on the circulatory A dilation of blood vessels results Alcohol percentage 0.04% ThisActually,in givesthe an temperatureincreased the hisdrinker body flow at a temperature thesense.ofof" body blood surfacebeing nearis lOwered lift'rntipis increasedsurface. sinceas the -.-. alcoholwithExcess unskillful display,percentage-0-05%. of movement energy and loud 'ealf& together heatbloodTheof heartneededescapes cells. is oxygen. fromalso tftea target skin atof anthe accelerated clumped red ratee. Small areas of the heart are starved This can lead to. serious Alcohol.Lack of coordinationpercentage an& inhibition's -0.08% Alcoholinheartresults disease.was-once if there becauserecomended is*a hiStorydilation to ofpatients of'Lhe heart vessels,disease.with heart was thought'- o increase the supply of AlcoholLegally percentageintoxicated 0.10% in Idaho and Utah .lienef.itblood: of this dilation is outweighed by the harm Now, however, it is believed that the. LegallyStaggering intoxicated and a feeling in 44 ofstates. drowsiness. . donecanBehavior beby associatedthe of pluggingan individual with of thethe "under levelcapillaries.- ofthe alcohol influence" in the Wisconsin,Legally:intoxicatedAlcohol percentage and New'dersey 0.15%in Maryland, Mississippi, ,Feelingblood.stream:Alcohol of clear percentage head and free.0.01% breatfhink, FeelingAlcohol percentageof nausea 0..202:and poor bladder control Alcoholwell-beingDesire percentageto talk freely 0.02% and a sense of warmth and AlcoholSleepLack of.comprehension andpercentage vomiting 0.30% and intermittent periods of AlcoholDepressionin a feeling percentage, of theof. euphoriacentral 0.03% , resulting UnconsciousnessAlcohol D-rent-Ky2 q.4T7 5 AcquiredEFFECTS OFtolerance ALCOHOL toON alcoholBEHAVIOR is believed by some ItALCOHOLISM: -is estimated 'DISEASE that 68ANDTREATMENT. percent of all Americans°' differencesdifferentTheretoin be theffect anis actual noindividuals, doubtin of itsphysiological thethat effect same justthere uponamount as mayresult, therethe be of same wide mayofalcohol drinking.bedifferences upon percent),ansentsaleoholicover estimated ageho major 21drinkingbeverages (some9,000,000 problems studieshas iisome or becometo more show mostform. enough .(or overof these. roughly ageof a18) problem use Drinking pre- Hive:But to phenomenon"tolerance"systemorreducedindividual to seresitivity.Of the at'differentcommonby effectspharmacologists, to the of times? chronicalcoholthe central useis termed ofnervous all The adaptationIt is a percentThereareto theinterfereabuse is alcOholics. no the one withuse universally ofsuccessful, alcohol. accepted happy definitionliving. of Approximately another five These --- addictive drugs. , Markalcoholism Keller of of the the hundr6ds Rutgers thatCenter have of beenAlcohol offered. Studies The report Alcohol and Health2 states, doare"In with modulatedsummary, rate of theby absorption, aeffects variety of oflearnedalcohol factors-having expectation,consumption to drinkingdisorderdefinesexceeds ofofialcoholiccustomary behavior as dietarycharacterized beverages"... ause chronic orto by:ordinaryan disease extentrepeated compliance thator exhilaration,intoxicationtionand differentialto drug effects. mayloss becentral of accompanied restraint, nervous byenhancedsyStem,adapta- feelings of In the normal drinker, . withandfunctioning."interpersdpai.relationships, thesOcial-drinkingwhichInterferea with custdms the drinker's orof economicthe community health, ofandsociability,impairment intoxication perceptual ofincreased tasks..performanceare slurring 'Amongemotional on ofthe certainspeech, lability,physical cognitive abnormal signsand in some --disordeT which'.Institute is."We manifestedDr. define .Morrisof AlcoholAlcoholiSm byundue. Chafetz,-Director.of Abuse aspreoccupa'tion ands-a Alcoholism,chi:bac the behvioral Nationalstates,. gait,logicalcationIninstances, the impaired normalleavenoresidue, disturbances motordrinker, disCernible and performance, therefore brief of sensorybehavioral periods do and not perception.. ofconstitute orintoxi- neuro- begun with(although.ofhealth, intoxication),alcohoPto by it a themayloss detrimeritnotand of be'bycontrol .acarried, selfdestru'c,:tive-o.f. when physical todrinking-has the poinil-;and mental,z- V!!'i a.Persistentstuporcentralintoxication with nervous healthan may attendant system, leadhazard. to and riska'.However, depressionto of a death."state extreme ofof the ationsearlyisandattitude the dife inf,antileinresult situations..whenbasic..Physiochemical ofdealing exRpiencedisturbance Alcoholism,with andpersonal and theresponsiveness; deprivation werelated relationshipsbelieve, alter- in . Source:Ibid, p. 42. National Clearing House for Alcohol Information, Gaithersburg, Md. 6 the identification by the alcoholic with significant Alcoholics are not representative f any single .excessivemilieufigureSguilt use whichinwho ofthe:use deal alcohol;causes with of ambivalence, and,aalcohol.'life-problems socio-cultural conflict, through andthe. women,alcoholics.thisareSocial definitely groupof or awida economicrepresents notage allgroupspan only "Skid in 3.5 ourRow" Pe population, centtypes. of all. and Alcoholics4nclude both men and (including teenagers), i In fact, Theforscholars late operational E. of M.Jellineck, alcohol Purposes, problems,. one alcoholism of suggestedthe foremost be definedthat causes any alcohol.Notfrom all all users'of walks of alcohol life. become /addicted to Some drink excessive y over long periods anThedamageas "anyillnessAMA totakesuse the characterizedOf theindividual alcoholic position orbeveragesby that societypreoccupation "Alcohdlism thator with is both."' alcohol aslosestillof theytime control, able start.and toviith overstop serious whenever conse tidy uences,'yef'are wish: .Others drinking almost as soon :begun; by toandchronicity;tendency lead loss usually.. of toward control by progression; torelapse. overintoxication its consumptionand ifby drinkinga such is as It is typically associated Accordingfamilies,disease problemto communities, the AMA,confronted "Alcohilism and is a growing hysicians.requently by . occupational,withconsequence physical ofand/ordisability persistent social and andadjustments impaired excessive emotional, as use a direcl'of 'As cannotcompletelynotwith really many be stampedcontrolothercured. diseas hisout d:i.'ease, So4hathes it can canbutbe treated,thereturn.to affliction but The alc holic can learn to ! alcohol without adverse consequences. f' ! disturbancewhoseTheaalcoholism degreeprWorld dependencean interferenceHealththat refers it uponOrganization'sshows to alcoholwith "those-a their excessivehaA concept bodilyattained ofdrinkers' such noticeable mental long,takingPa"Whilathe'treqtment harrowing drink, andthe bestcourSepriMarily by ofrelapseS-. theinvolves treatment mernly is often:not As with so whoand theirshow mental the'Prodromalsmooth health, Social their signsand interpersonaleconomic of 'such functioning,developments." relation?, or and many'about-better diseases, results. early datection .1 . usually brings 4. 1,:..:rris Oxford UniverSity Press, 1962D, p. 4. E. Chafetz, M.D., and Harold W. DeMone, Jr.: . Alcoholism and Society (New York: * 5. E. , s- .- . College and. University Press, 1960), p. 35. 6;7. ForldA.r,ierican He, 7C1 0r.,;:inizati:-,fl.I.:,Tho, M. Jellinek, TheDisease Concepf of Alcoholisti dik!'l Associatibn. Expe'rt Committee On Mental HealthManual (1952). on AlcoholisM.- (Chi .,-..7--- (New'Haven: ago: AMA, 1968, revised 1973), pp': 3-4. Alcohol Subcommittee Second Report. Techziicn1 Report. Series, No. 48,.p. 16. 7 1. 11111111

has"Alcohol, a pSychologidal aside from effectits addictive that modifies qualfeles, thinking -also . , Thelends traditionally support tq poorthe-belief diet of that the lackalcoholic of proPer another,anand"Most alcoholic reasoning. alcdholicsand e-sothen that another,- cannot he feels breakAe,cycleand -, another.he can tolerate alone, One drink can change the thinking of useintakenourishment,tq,cirrhosis. ofaleohol of alCohol, together is not bearsa thewith only close,relationshipchronic cause and of excessive'cirrhosis.) (It should be noted that excessive most."Helpfor-it for means the givingalcoholic up thecan thingcome- infrom lite many he sourceswants - 8. °come to be accepted'Interested asOnly atherapeutic medicalpersons within problem.havethe.past.two approaches demonstrated dec.,:esthat throughalcoholicS hag alcoholismnew can This does not mean a cure for alcoholism organizationssuchthe"In physician, asaddition thelocal likethethe.clergy, health familyAlcoholics department can.governmental helpAnonymous. by and.volunteer listening agencies to his makeshas.heenrecover.controlledthe alcoholicit fOund;impossible drinking. from'no method for the him chronicknown to reverttoday disorder "canto moderate, whichfree It does mean that through , problemsupscoldingencouraging drinking, and or helpinglecturing himkeep to up helphim hishim. to himself,morale; face thet but realistically;without And,.when he gives emphasize his withoutmedical,Medicalalcoholics substitutfng psychological;treatment can be ishelped other oftenand toinjuriousspirtual required stop drinki he,lp, p.dur ctices. g many ng the :goOd points,Onesick, disease not not wicked."8his which bad seemsoneg. be connected to After all, he's whendamage.symptomsperiod taken, of thatacute cause result intoxication the patientfrom liver ;:o'and andneuforbecome th Doctors have prescribed new dr violentlygsolegical whiCh,chronic whichThisofalcoholism causesredbreakdown blood the is cellsislivercirrhosis. a direct Withcells the resultto resultingbreak of down. the clumping This is a disease plugging C*11 ifmedicationsystem. he drinks (usually alcohol antabusewhile the or anti temPOsi Howerer, such drugs have no of ect'.onalcohol) is in his byorganliverof scar capillaries. becomescellstissue, begin heavierwith -Bking-deprived todie.the'resu/t in its consistency that of oxygen,the entire the They are then replaced and more ,the alcoholismalcohOliesdrugs itself.induce haVe drinking./ provedby temporarily useful However, in quieting thethere treatte is and alw Some of the tra ysquil$zintiest the)of t a / toprocesscarry-onfibrous. carry, is on normalstopped, its vital functions; the work, liver andand is This new scar tissue is not able to unless the degenerativedeath results.eventually unable possibilitybeneficialofto onethe addictionmedication; thatmay, thein for reality,alcoholic and another. what be maywas merely becbmeant a t Drugs ca substitutione addictedhave/beenalsb be Release8. The American Medical Association's Interpretation,of Alcoholism as a . . "Health and Safety Tips-" 8 DiseaSe July 31, 1964. From a N usedvitamin to build deficiencies up physical which stamina are .commonand to alcouolics. 64 oVergome painsAdolescent apprdach,i:ng drinkng is,adulthood,/ a cimpt.dm The of teenager the growing Who G. MOTIVATIONALThe teenager doesFACTORS not CONCERNINGinvent the ALCOHOLidea of CONSUMPTIONdrinking; asexpertare a cal-A-nal users with of drinking oralcoholic should beverages, definednot be ascondemned one whoUses alcoholRdW.:=":More to any extent, thah two out of three adultA delinquent who is on the road to The word "user" anddrinkingcommunity.he in sociallearns -part by contextit.after adolescents that of drinkingof prestigiousreflect among the 'adults adults,patterns in the The patterns and social contextHis of drinking behavibr is patterned - 'ai-dare. isadult,ioexcept. hey-observebe a user. this adult behavior, imagine the typical - solely Therefore, the. majority of students; as for religious purposes or only as.; includingdrinking,concerneeLinCOmmunitiies 'intoxication,his and lightparents. schools of mounting andare alcoholism.becoming reports increasingly-. of adolescent This is events:activitie,To students-the,.s-concentrated parties, image and of primarily celebrationadult drinking on informal of specialsituations: social V- Students ate-also aware ,of the antisocial , - _'provide effectiveHowever,perhaps one rumorsalcohol of the and education. strongest sensational arguments stories for of schoolsteenage alcoholicaresults vague idea:,of-whatof differs drinking, from butalcoholism the they "drunk." appear is and to howhave only Teenagers the .7 . drinking escapades, as reported in various news . believetypical adult behavior. and rightly so Alcohol addiction,. whilethat alcoholism is not -representdrinkingmedia, invblvedtheonly entire area practices.minority. in.poor teenage frequent indicators population; and ofexcessive actual in actuality, adolescentdrinking behaviorthose Generalizations often implicate asstudents-torecognized a.probl,emsource. asbe'related a'Tossibility, to the isdrinker's often believed pers'onalitv by outtheData inuse about Washington, of alcohol,teenage D.C., attitudesgathered New York,fromand behavior studiesWisconsin, Carried regarding' possitfleteenagesomeplaceS,,acommunitiesThein prdportionothers, and only majority of7I'Penage even.'drinking-is a small within of teenagersminorkgy.users athe-drinking single varies will Ancommunity. betweenindication.of bebehavior- user's; In drinking.beKansas, used andin planningMichigan, educational provide information programson that can Young people regard drinking as a . -of that -adultfor drinking population behavior. which provides the models 'assumptionTherefor..e,permissiblecommunitiescharacteristic that adults, forthemitco maybasepart or not inalcoholof some-scircumstances.beadult, reasonahle educA,tion behavior' for upon andmost t1,1, as Ceenag4Fs, accept'. -with age.moreSurveysfemales. apt showto be that users the incidence of users increases Young; peopleTeenage who live use in is utban greater areas among are males than than those living in rural abstinence as a self-evident,--desirable goal. t 7 9 andareas.. low, Studentstend to be at 4,Irinkers.' socioeconomic extremes, high Drinkingto individuals.Of of alcoholic any beverages age; but canintoxication be dangerous of driving.roadc7 no matter:hbw defensively.they may be.., Self-assessment is the first thing. impaired 'them doyounaNpeoplePsychological theirnot realize maturing can intoxicationthe bodies.be effects especially ofoften alcohol dangerous. occurs upon even more Most of bysciencehasprobablythe alcoholic dulledintoxicated'driver hasnot his beverage nottake reaction been when consumptior;able sober.takestime to andpredictchances accuracy.and; thehe therefore, woulddrinking 1-1.addition, alcohol Although moralFailurethings,Inreadily this standards state,'toendangeringthan exercise physical-intoxication are people very goodthe may apt safetyjudgment do to foolish'or occurof andthemselves in as the areckless resultneglectyoung., or others.of of -No two 'Deopleway,hasdriver's provednor are isexact affected thatthe'same decreasesuch by individuala alcoholdecrease in safety in. alwaysdoes'take theefficiency, same affected plate. it .drinking.Parentsa teenagerhealthy, and schoolSrealistic'to understand alike approach haVethe effectan obligatiOn of alcohol to andfoster toward helping the POSSIBLEadrinking inlass the. skillful RELATIONSHIPanysame amount way driver each of BETWEENtimethanalcohol hehe ALCOHOL-AND drinks.mightwill,make ordinarily theCRIME person be. Upwever, H. guidingabout itSuse.him-in'makini an'intelligent deciSiOn heThe'intoxicatedreleases would not.Ordinarily inhibitions individuaI,may which do while normally commit sober. controlacts which inner Alcohol TRAFFICApproximatelymajorStatistics problems SAFETY show155,000'.epeople ANDincheUnited traffic ALCOHOL accidents States per year.are totoday. be onekilled'and of the '''not mean that every othersubconsciousemotionalperson ways who makeup,that drinks mind mayand isis,freeto suggest attitudes;a criminal. thdmselves-. express then itselfthe in This. does orabout2,000,000involve the fifty pedestrian- thedisabled. percent use of ofalcoholic all fatal beverages traffic by accidents the driver., (StatisticSThese weresame provided,-statistics show that notstrongly,linkedoffendershaveHowever, involve shown/that recent.investigations had death: been tobetween drinking.-Violenceassaultive 50-55 is ofbehaviorpercent oftencrimina]ls associated ofwhich the homicides did Alcohol has been bytommunityautomobileThe the availabilitYand American problem. and alcoholAutomobile widespread have AssociatiOn.) created use aof great both the The drinking driver does withofsuchto alcohol.the be as immediateassociated dept4sion, intake with suicide, offeelingsofself-destrUction, rather and largeimmature ..mounts and ChrAic heavy drinking is more likely ,endangersnot ofatonot menacepossessdriveconfidence only an onhimselfthe automobile.the mentaland highway buthis and alldepressed becausephysical. others condition.ofon faculties the needed. An intoxicated person- is his false sense He irresponsible-behavior.. TEACHING UNIT ON ALCOHOL I. CONCEPT A. List substances in which alcohol is used. LEARNING EXPERIENCES \\1. Why is alcohol important in EVALUATION Alcoholbeensociety,significant historically has industry, to B. Collectshow ihow pictures alcohol and is prepareused by indLis'try,a-display toart, 2. `N preservative?Whyind is alcohol used as a stry? art, and medicine. and science, 1 C. Make la notebook depicting "The Story of 4.3. Whatearl part did:ormilercial alcoholcultures? play products in *hich "D. role-alcoholPrepare a chart plays or in,poster the depictingaverage the prepaation.utilieList alcohol in their . E. alcoholDemonstratecommunity.Sourcebook by fermentation. preparationfor Biological of ethylSciences.) .(See page 2799 5. fermentedExplain the and differences distilled beverages..between F. alcohol.DemonstrateC6 the distillationH12 06 of ethyl -73 2C2(See Sourcebook for Biological U5 OH + 2CO2 + energy II. A theknowledge propertiS of of A. ofCompareSciences,) alcohol -the with compoSition those of an&water. properties 1. .Proof, hardExplain liquor, the and meaning solvent. of absorption, alcOholeffectsto understandiry,- is upon essential the body.its 1. alcoholbyofNote evaporationputting the and differences a'coupleof 'Ofwater these of-diopsonin differentthetwo rateliquids.each partsof 'denaturedalcohol.Differentiate alcohol, betweenand methyl ethyl alcohol, -Exlipiain't4 ofusing treatment why`the this alcoholarm. propertyof fever.externally is the basisin the' (Blow across them.) 7 dehydration,asCompare the appearance, ethyl and alcOhol preservation.. use, with water and9. -World, Inc., 1966), page 279. Evelyn Morholt, et al., A. Sourcebook for the Biological Sciences, Second Edition (new York: 11 Harcourt;,Brace - CONCEPT 2. 30Find cc.) a smalland weigh bottle it. (capacity 25 or LEARNING EXPERIENCES Fill it with EVALUATION results.RepeatWhatalcohol is usingandthe now differencewater, record and the incompare weight?weight:' the B. 1.Observe the affinity of alcohol for water.vigorouslyalcoholIn a clean with and test20 set ml. tube, aside. of watet.mix 20 ml. of Observe Shake, 2'. Placeafter afive small minutes. piece of bread in alcohol. PuthappenstheObserve adrying piece whenthe orof drying bread dehydrantlean isinmeat placedalcohol. action.in alpohol. in 'Observewater? What usAlcoholWhat =d aswould tendsa preservative? this to.precipitate do ton ayou living. nowprOtein. explaincell? why alcohol is A disinfectant? C. DoesUseLong-termfor experime theone alcoholweekexperiment: b seem to destroy the tissue? #3 afove,ore and observing leave it the results. D. PlantgroWth.CompareUse'a&iluted seeds the in alcoholtwo different solution containers. (5 teaspoons- effects of alcohol and water on oneofObserve. ethyl planting alcohol andlain to one water pint onof the.other.water) on 12 CONCEPT LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION E. FillDemonstratea_fewfollowing:alcohol. six drops test the oftubes-one-third solvent vegetable properties oil, full a green ofwith 'alcohol. leaf,grain In each test tube, placecamphorgum one of (bbtainthe from drug store),, Leaveanimalprocedure overnightfat., substituting.watersalt, before and sugar.making finalfor the observations. alcohol. Repeat thia 40- III. beneficialAlcohol tois. not A. Ask thethe deficiencieshome arts teacher of alcohol or nurse in vitaminsabout 1.- Compare the vitamin and withcontent those of of alcoholic milk. beverages good health. B. ofListand alcohol minerals, some falsein treatingand beliefs,about'the report snake to class.bite, benefits''stomach 2, Makeofcommon alcohol.a true-false fallacies test,regarding utilizing the use C. drinkCoMparesuchtrouble," withas the milk. thatdiabetes,.andfood ofvalue a healthful of shock.an alcoholic drink 3. meetingHow thedoes body?the alcohol function.of measure food up toin (Relate to nutrients N. D. .basic foodtoDiscuss groups. good healththe importance by reviewing of a theproper four diet 4.. What.in food.) is a "proper diet "? level of . Discuss the effects,A5f alcohol upon Differentiate between,"physio circulalcoaffects ol in t thee body ory system and musculardept-416eption. coordinaf:ion, judgment, vision, (Refer to teacher 1.2. Listlogical"effects the partsandof alcohol."psychological" of the body, physically. B. y/ssnganestheticbodyinformat anaIomical system (on tocharts, the brain). trace the anroute alcoholic beverage through show how it acts as an the inalcoholicaffected which they bybeverages the are consumption affected.. in the order of 13 CONCEPT LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION C<1 D.C. ExplainofMake various charts how, alcoholic showingthe'fol'lowing alcoholicbeverages. factors content woUlyi 3 .toDoes indo. the thewith stomach-haveamount the physiological of food anything present helpintoxication: to determine the degree of ;1, e4 4. Whyeffects does alcoholof alcohol? affect different Explain. bOuly-weight.ratekindtotal of amountconsumptionbeverage consumed 5. peopleExplain differently?. the meaningof. \, physicaltemperamentfo6d ..or condition lack ofdrinker of foodof drinker, in stomach 6., ,depressant,Explain why andtolerance, even-small oxidWon.- axasthett'ze, amounts of rate or 'period of time'during'whichbeverage is consumed : thinkalcohol' more cause slowly. one to move and E. prepare a written report on`-The the alcoholeffecrs,Central,The on". DigestiveNervousThe System System / F. 'simulatingTdrunkenness":Perform(In thethis following investigation experimqnt7ts the st4b1rare ' ,`_to around,-orHowever,thing to the drink..shaking student Actionsyour will head notsuch vig6rOusly be assome having spinning of th6seany- produced by drinkingto experiment alcohol. with the e,f ,,csts similar certainMaterialsaftertestingcan producetasks being reactions. will "drunk.")effects be contrasted that can bebefore used inand paper clips, red pencils, lined The ability to perform notebook paper, wall clock. 14 CONCEPT LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION 1. Pencil Path Reaction Time Prepareapartpaper byona pieceplacingevery*other of black lined line. dots. notebook 1/2 inch b) andbackUseconnecting below. aand red forth pencil each through todot draw 'to the thea dots,wavy lines path above You will have 15 seconds thetoTry connectcrossdots.to touch the as lineseachmany dot'exactlydotsabove as and you below andcan. not c) columna-lineScore 1A-Ior point aof dpt yourfor correctly eachdata timetable. and you record touched in NameJoan 1.A. BeforeNumber15 of Lines and Dots Touched , 2. After4 1.B. BeforeNumber12 of Paper Clips Joined 2. After4 .315 CONCEPT LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION d) beingUseisturns10-15 one always"drunk timesihof this the alert": to following test-gain to preventtheso one effectssuggestions teamfalling.) oft,member (Be sure yoil take 43 (2)(1) .sideWaysShakeSpin yourself your or uphead andaround. vigorously down. e) preparedotherImmediately dots notebook and repeat lines -paper°. Stepof the b) using Record 2. a)rPaper Line Clip up Assembly 12 paper Test clips on a table. your score in Column A-2. ID) ScoreIntogether 15 oneseconds pointas youfasten for,.each can asto many makeclip clips aon chain. your 1 d) AgainColumnchain. lineup andB-1 record of12 yourpaper 'the data clips.score table. in yourImmediatelyPartPerform score1, Stepone in repeat Of d).B-2 the of Stepexercises the b).data intable. Record 16 CONCEPT LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION Questions: 1'. orDo youryou thinktest lastthe effectslonger? of alcbhol 2. andinDidforthe their paperteam test?this? ability membersclips befdretovary connect greatlyand afterdots If so, how do you account 3. betterdidratherSome anyone peopleratherthan on dulls claimthanyour their worseteamalcohol perform.reactionsafter' sharpens: V. Alcoholpsychomotor affects responses the A. ofConduct alcohol an onexperiment behavior. showing the effecteither of the tests?* 1. communityWhat evidence that isdrinking there inaffects the of the body. bowl,Materials:clearDirections:' and water 1 ounce and Place observeof goldfishethyl its alcohol. behavior.in bowl of 1 goldfish, a 1-.quat fish . 2. theHowbehavior?intoxication? centralis behaviOr nervous affected system through during AddNOTEResults: effiCiencyquantityalcohol TO TEACHERS: and-Observewill over impair a period themental results.of.time. and physiCaI Alcohol in a very minute Anticipate comments 3- What relationship does the individualpersonality have structure upon his of behavioran *Miller, BenTamin F., et al., InvestigatingYour-Heplth, pp. 270-71. aboutalcohol,:in discussing relative on behavior. sizeeffect of ofgoldfish 1 ounce and of man Reprinted by permission. when he becomes intoxicated? 17 C\1 CONCEPT B. InvitE a local police officer to relate LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION C. his'experiencesDiscuss the effects with intoxicatedof alcohol persons.on the body [ D. ofserveSelectand alcoholbehavior. ,on individuals a onpanel b6havior., to to discuss do research the effects and VI. Personal dangers A.E. AssignconsumptionDicuss writtenthe relationshipand reportstraffic on accidents.between various alcoholic diseases 1. What diseases are associated useare of involved alcohol. in the nutritionalneurologicalassociated(Examples: withdeficiencies, disorders, excessive alcoholism, personalityuse cirrhosis of the liver, alcohol. 2. Whyalcohol?with isthe it excessive dangerous use for of an Explain why. B. changes;clinicInvite toaetc.) physiciandiscuss.some from of an the alcoholic physical adolescenteffectsIfto so,young of why?to personsalcohol drink? thanmore toharmful adults? Are the C. Preparealcoholism.and emotional a written problems report associated of the with 3. goodanIs alcoholindividual or bad habit-forming? habits always are know being when Does peopleparticular experiment dangers with involved alcoholic when beverages.young 4. depetdency,Distinguishformed? andbetween addiction. habit, vii. problemconsideredAlcoholismto be aor medical disease..byis many A. Anonymous.)Interview(Contact a self-acknowledgedlocal brandh of Alcoholics alcoholic. 1. Whatabout is alcohol?the value of education 18 CONCEPT LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION B. OnealcoholisminInvite ofwork the awith communityfollowing is alcoholicsconsidered persongroups toa whomightdisease.discuss is beactive why 3.2. CanListagainst atsymptoms individual alcoholism? of alcoholism. protect himself Ifso, how? Program;Department,helpful:Society; and Montgomery AlcoholWashington AbuSe County Area and HealthCouncil Alcoholism on Montgomery County'Medical 4. ' acut6 disease,ExplainIf addiction, nt, these why not?.terms:and disease, G. Alcoholism:andDiscuss"disease." the meaning *HowDrug doesAbuse, of alcoholismthe Inc. word 5. fromExplainchronic other bowdisease. dise.ases. alcoholism differs., D. Prepareofcompare disease? anwith educational the common video tape which conception There are community A. Haveaboutmight student alcoholismbe used contact to moreinform localeffectively,. the health, public, 1. What is the function of Alcoholics. VIII. alcoholism.forresources the treatment available of admittedtodepartmentincluding follow t in tovoluntary having determine an and alcoholic tht involuntary procedure o a n institution fof treatment, WhatAnonymous?for localthe treatment resources of are alcoholism? available Alateens? Al-Anon? B. Alateens,Makecommitment. a report and Al-Anon.on.Alcoholics Anonymous, C . vaxiousofanandDisplay the alcohOlic. community apart bulletin they resources playboard in'the-treatment depicting. available the 19 CONCEPT whomtoSurverlocal determinethey have alcoholtreatedthe number treatment_in theof alcoholicspast agencies year.. LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION. IX. haveOn this returned number, for how additional many alcoholicg treatment? 1. What factors influence decisions factorstheThere consumptiOn arethat motivating lead ofto k A, drinkingHaveStudent_groups1,surveys among:showing their develop attitude-s and evaluate aboutparents 2. A6 what extet do you think liquorof. teenagers regarding drinking? alcoholic beverages. 3.. peers older siblings 'aAvertisemenadolescentettart drinking? . influence B. .Examinemagazinesadvertisements4. current -in issues regard depicting of topopular. the alcoholnumber ofand relatives 3._ In what way can self-discipline.aid the adolescentabout drinking? in decisions_ alcoholiCconsumption. 1 4. What part should parents and C. byLis-nradio alcoholic-beverage and television companies. shows sponsored 5. Discussschoolsteenagers? theplay exercise in influencing of willpower D. MakeHaveclaimsDisc-Liss-their a thecollection made students for emotionalofthe criticallyliquor products appealadvertf.sements. advertised.analyze and the them. 6. influencedInin relationwhat waysare toto drinkthe individuals use through of alCohol. social E. onHave the the role students alcohol prepare played writtenin ancient reports 7. c Listpressures? some reasons whypeople drink : F. groups.civilizationsDiscuss the fadand /orsyndrome, among variouspeer pressure; et is 8. Discussreasonsto excess. aresome really ways inexcuses. which young Discuss whether these andin rebellionalcohol abuse. as a motivational factor . peoplesocial can drinking. bg discouraged from 20 CONCEPT G. DiscUss the meaning and the significance "LEARNING EXPERIENCES 9. Whatthe partrole doesof the fellowship social drinker? play in EITtiLUATION H. toandInviteof speak socialthe memberstermson drinking. how cocktail peopleof Alcoholics becomehour, happyalcoholicAnonymous hour, X. A relationship ,exists A. Fromand howthe anMontgomery alcoholic County can stop Police. drinking. Department 1. What, if any, is the relationship tA use.between of alcohol.crime and the mayabuse.theannualcases assistperdentage repots,atkibuted students ofa bystudentmisdemeanors inthis evaluating agency'tan find and -tothis felonyout alcohol Representatives from the department .- Elaborate on this statement:;.of"Theto drinking' the majority commission alcoholic of crimes of beveragescriminal committed acts? B. speakInviteinformation. on local the relationshipjuvenile authorities between to alcoholbythe peopletime." accused would under hadnot -the beenhave influence soberhappened at of theif C. Interviewalcoholto his andexperience a probationjuvenile with delinquency.officer alcoholic in- regard. criming1S. 3. Whatin thecommunity reduction resources of trite? could aid eN

21 TEACHER INFORMATION ON TOBACCO. B.A. HistoryDefinition D.'C. PropertiesSome Effects of Tobaccoof Smoking F.E. Motivating,FactorsThe SmOking Habit Leading to Abuse of. Tobacco G. Some Ways to Reduce Harmful Effects of Smoking TEACEING UNIT ON TOBACCO 23 . A. DEFINITION Extension of tobacco Culture to all parts of the' ° Tobacco(Nicotiana) is defined of chieflyby Webstet /American as "any.of plants a ofgenus the night- / worldThe followed early beginnings after its ofintroduction tobacco-culture to Europe. by white especially,shade(N. tabacum)family'with a- tall cultivayed erect annual touth American herb viscldfOliag4and tubular flowers; leav'eS;.the leaves:of DomingofolloWingsettlers 1531;:Cuba inareas colonial on 1580; dates AMerica Brazil' indicated: took 1600; place Jamestown, in the Santo , chewingcultivated or astobacco snUT prepared.for use in smoking or z - VirginiaSkepticism 1612"by about John the Rolfe;medical Maryland value of 1631. tobacco began B. HISTORYandTobacco South was Ameri fir a./t cultivated by the Indians of North Columbus and other'eXplorers: '-to developuniversalthis at didthe notendhabit detetof amongthe smoking sixteenth European from century,and being American anbut almost Men. Mannerfoundtobacco asthe it leavesnaties fs used inusing today.maize tobacco husks, inmaking much arudethe cigars. / 47 i The,Indians wrapped same ,AlthoughbenefiCialful tobaCcoones effects, until was thethen it twentieth wasrecognited not shown century. as tohaving have noharm- was.theofTheyitsIndians goodwill also introductionch:ef tous reasonpossessd tobacco to for medicinalEurope. inits early properties, pipes,as'a use following andgesture this Tobacco was generally supposed by tie becoMesnuff,tobaccoIt should popular andwa.E. bein notedmoreuntilchewing widely thatWorld tobacco. smoking usedWar I.in pipes; cigars,. did not Before 1914, FrancisSirandcarrie FrancisRa oph Fernandes, Lane, Drake the took onfirst histobacco governorreturn to toEngland of Spain Virginia, within 1558, them. and tobacco which he.had obtained in Mexico; workingtionshipIncancer,- 1936, in Dr.New Dr.-Raymond AltonOrleans, Ochsner suggestedPearl, and Johns Michael a causal Hopkins E. rela7DeBakey, Univer- between cigarette smoking and lung inJeaTobato 1 havecci58, was insent Spainavailable the in 1559, in France and in in England1556,hose in in honorPortugal 1565. the.genusNicot, the Nicotiana French ambassador'at was named, is Lisbon, said Portugal, of Nicotiana tabacum to the sityrelationshipThisthere medical caused was ashortei statistician,reported ato:smoking greater life amount andexpectancy other of interest diseases.. in among 1938 in smokers.that the 11 /in iigicotianapipes, was arustica, harsh form introduced ofeen tobacco. of intoFrance, Europe Catherine for smoking de Medici, It was later smokingPublicposition1957cation the awareness cameof U.S. thata innumber Public.cigarettethe of earlyaof correlation Healthepidemiological smoking1950's, Service waswith atook thecigarettestudies.factor thepubli- inpublic In //supplemented by N. tabacum. Although N. rustica is . . lung cancer. / n.still tabacum grown is in now Russia the chiefand other source parts of of Asia, 'smoking tobacco. 24 74. During the next decade numerous health organizations smokers are more likely to-die at an early age rapidlythroughoutespeciallythat cigarette accumulating the in world relationsmoking evidence.issued isto'lung an:-importantstatements cancer andThe cardiovas7 consensus was healthbased onhazard, thaRaponsmokers.coronarythiOnarlyFor men heartbetweendeath disease,will the resultages bronchitis, of from 35 ltingand or cancer, And their chances are great that 60, approxi- emphysema. bronchitis"cigarettePhysicianscular-diseases. ofandsmoking .London probably is issueda contributescause a ofreport lung to cancerthe.develop-, In 1962 the Royal College of and various other less stating that and -diedmatelyhad excessas the one-thirdearly samedeaths. as death theyof all ratesdid deaths if as cigarette nonsmokers. that occur are This means they would not have Smokers Women. -" mentandcommonThe ofduodenalSurgeon coronarydiseases. Generalulcers." heart of disease the It-delays the healing of gastric. U.S. Public Health Service, nonsmokingsmokers,relatedamong women too,disease. counterparts. at'theseIlave higher'death ages rates than isOne causedout of by14 adeaths smoking- their -study the situationmoreinated 1962, andthan some'5,000 'appointedmake a year theresearch an 10-man expert reports. advisory panel of-expertsrecommendationSe evalu The reports cov- committee to For smokingA illness,similar and relationshiplose illness.. more time People has from been who work,'spend smoke more discovered"between smoked.have more time 'Report'onandclinicandered/epidemiological qmoking autopsy.and Health studies, studies. of animal 1964 contiudesThe Surgeonthat General's experimentation, Thesick more in beda smoker than thosesmokes, who the have longer never . he smokes, his chance CO H'cigarettesloking.importancetheremedial inworld isthe action."' a agree Unitedhealth on States hazardthe hazards to of warrant,appropriate sufficient of Medical authoritiesLthroughout smoking. ofabilityproportionand disabilitygive the up canearlier cigarettes ofandbe these delayed early.he starts, earlyor'reduce death.or preventeddeaths the thegreater and amount if Yet a suhstantial excess dis- smokers they . `indicateSince theconfirmedpublished extentthe 1964 thesixof report,thefindingsdifferent hazard. the of reviews Publicthe 1964 which not only Health-Servicereport has but further . C. PROPERTIESsmoke.Although aboutOF'TOBACCO 500 substances have been fOund in rate than those'People who who do smokenotsmoke. have a substantially higher death This means that cigaretteexperimentaltobacco smokesmoke, animals. have certain been substancesshown to produce Among these'are tars, isolated from cancer in : 1. Daniel Horn, Ph.D., Director, National Clea inghouse for Smoking and Health, "Smoking- and Health," ReprintedEncyclopedia from International, ENCYCLOPEDIA (NewINTERNATIONA York: Gr ©tier, 1971-, Inc., by special1971), Vol.,16,permission p. of556. 25 the publisher, Grolier Incorporated. hydrogennicotine,consideredone of thiscyanide, ammonia, poisonous. group, carbon formaldehyde, taken monoxide, in large hydrogen andenough arsenic. sulphide,dosage, is Any twenty-fourofFiltersamountdeveloped harmful ofnicotinehelp filtershours.substancus,in only moderatelyinwhich an attemptacigarette smoker to reduceto may smoke.reduce Absorb. the theamount Cigarette manufacturers- have insecticidesolutionareUseful also chemical manufacturedof fornicotine plants.products, (Blackfrom includingtobacco. Leaf 40) ,is used as an A forty percent Nicotineheadaches,vomiting,pulse, faintness, and irritability, diarrhea. produces-suchdizziness, and sleeplessness.clammy symptoms skin, as nausea, rapid Smoking itself may cause For nicotinelessMost-American"Denicotinizee . is volatilized tobaccos containand do taken not two containinto percent the markedly mouthnicotine. and When tobacco isburned, via smoking, Tarsometible formed unknown to theby reason, burningeffects. womentobacco of tobacco seem has to thanproduced be more'suscep-do men. cancer .into thetheintolungs bodybody. thein Whentheblood smoke.smoke stream is inhaled.and then quickly destrOyed in Ninety percent' of the nicotine is Nicotine is rapidly abscirbed Ten percent is absorbed tubes'byIntheon thelungs. skinlastthis ofthirtytar mice. is years,thought the to grossproduce death cancer rate of has Irritation to the bronchial , D. SOMEabsorbedDespite EFFECTS thewhen fact OFsmoke SMOKINGthat is manypuffed people but nothave inhaled. stopped smok- Publicpresentthedecreased. other Health trends hand, Association continue,has rapidly hasone increased. estimatedmillion of that, today's if The death rate from lung cancer, on The American . betweeningtinues as smokinga toresult be-widespread and of illnessthe evidence increase or disease, of ina the: there use con- of relationship reachschoolten timesthe children age as ofmany willseventy. smokers die of aslung nonsmokers cancer before die of they lung Studies have shown that cigarettesNicotineeffectsResearch of'tobacco continuesstimulates by young onto peoplesthe diseasebe nervous'systemconducted and the to lifedetermine whn.it span. isthe lung%cancerapproximatelysaokers,thecancer. risk ofavErage lungand a 9-heavy cancer.male to 10-foldsmokers riskatof leastcigarettes of developing. a 20-fold have risk. In fact, the more one smokes, the greater In comparison. with non- nota thetineabsorbedsmall concentrated nicotinewhich amount into a, whichcancigarettethe at causeblood ais tbxic absorbed death;smokerstream. level. absorbsin the bodyis fortunately undergoes the amount Nicotineof nico- even in The majority of damagetypescancer,Studies ofto smokers also respiratorythe havecilia tend shown in todiseases, the bethat respiratorymore in probably subjectaddition tract. tobecause to all. lung of cheMicalAllamount nicotine changes remaining isand thus isis, eliminated eliminatedrendered inactive.,through or destroyed the The kidneys. smallwithin ... bronchialcontinues(Cilia tubesare to thesmoke, of tinyforeign the hair-like throat bodies.) andbodies lining which of ridthe the As a person 26 rA largethisrespiratory irritationnumbers tract of iswhite becomeshown blood byirritated. thecells abnormal in the presencemucous The severity of of whydifficult Theathletes results to are receiveof advised all studiesoxygen. not to in sMoke.) which the relation- (This is one reason membranes.Tobaccochitis, has emphysema, an indirect or cancereffect ofon thethe larynx.cells of the This sometimes leads to chronic bron- - havecigarette,ship demonstrated between smoking smoking a strongand and delivery birthassociation,betaeen weightof "small-for-dates" was examined On the average, the smoker has nearly withsmokingfatigueappetite.)growing proper isbody,stimulates nutrition.temporarily weakening the relieved-by-smoking adrenalthem through glands interference which because in turn In spite of this weAkeninglif (Smoking tends to dull one's reflectsinfantsuggeststwiceinfants. asthe:risk the thatthe number effectof'a of deliveringnonsmoker.of of cigarettes smoking a,low-birth-weight----- upon smoked fetal daily growth Available evidence heartincreaseCigarette diseases the smokingblood-sugar and canceris also le-Vel. of the esophagus, linked with coronary bladder, pregnancyAtmosphericofduring cigarette abegan. pregnancy, pollutants smoking whichand caused not occurred theby smokingcumulatiVe before are the effedt" years,andinThe akidneys.American study the heartof Heart attack Association rate, was has three pointed out that men observed for six to eight times as high puffing,derivedthesidestream tobacco from-twowhereas smoke. product sidestreammajor through sources: smoke the comesmouthpiece from -theduring Mainstream smoke emerges from mainstream and therefor heavy are cigarettean estimated'60,000 smokers as prematurefor.nonsmokers. deaths from Also,. , .burning cone intermissions.and from the mouthpiece during puff "Tar" and nicotine levels in side- heartsmokingisAlthough a attackscause speeds it of hasamong heart the not male deFelopment disease,'been smokers proved indications of inthat thecoronary cigaretteUnited are artery States.that smoking thethosestream nonsmoker. of smoke mainstream may be smokesignificantly and may behigher harmful than to a disease10Smoking -15 mm. onewhich and cigaretpte leadsthe pulse to willheart rate increase -byattacks. 5-20 thecounts. blood pressure These beenmentslegalThe shown-to levelusing limits ofrooms equal,forcarbon filledmaximum andmonoxide at-timeswith air tobaccopollutionattained exceed, smoke inpermitted theexperi- has ,gastricsmoking.effects thejuices blood continue and vessels reduced 30 becometo muscular 60 minutesconstricted, contractions after makingcessation it moreof The stomach is affected through increased and exposure,Thepeopleperson.for effect ambient who be of Areharmful airexposure alreadyquality'"in to may, thesuffering healthdepending several fromof localities.' theon chronic length'of This would be,particularly significant for exposed 2. Surgeon"Public General,Exposure 1972.to Air Pollution from Tobacco Smok,;,". The Health Consequences of Smoking - A Report of the broncho pulmOnary disease and coronary heart disease.2 7 t. 27 E. MOTIVATING FACTORS/I,EADING TO :TOBACCO ABUSE a smoking habit, becomes mechanical. The smoker otherapparentlyThere smokers.is no because one reason of a whyfeeling people of smoke.fellowship with However, it may be questioned as to Some smoke Thisduegetsflicking to isused the the totheadjustment 'tobacco holding ashes. habit."'somethingof the body After in tohis anicotine. fewhands months and Heavy smokers crave a smoke Add rationalizationswhethersmokeresult is thisof that enjoYinga feeling itgiven "relieves is byadultscommon due to tension."activity. whotobacco continue or is tothe Among the ofbreaktine,to smoking,is this not,easily theand the habit,athe reinforcedbody's procedure broken. withdrawal physiological habit becomes symptoms is routine.established demand may fordevelop. whichnico- When an Attempt is made to beenyearsMenavailable andknown,'many ago womeawho or 'regarding More begandid harmful.effects.not smoking have fifteen to twenty perhaps would have never begun. much information Had the facts larlySomeExamples'ofabruptly. determinedwhen the'smoker the individuals difficulty'in depends can on discontinuing stopthe nicotine.smoking this' However, this is difficult, particu- oftensport"pressuresOften convinces aand person from "one friends.\,,Hd begins\topeopleof'the thatcro smoke d." likes because to be of a moking is the smart Advertising also "goodsocial 1.addicting habit are neededDuring depressioncommodities ye'ars, in order people to purchase did withoUt ° cigarette,depend tosmoking Whetherathing considerable donetoor do.not by young heirparenextent people on s willand other'smoke appears to he amount of 2. oncigarettes.Cigarettes the black soldmarket for in as Europe much asduring $2.00 per' pack the war. betweensmokesocialfamily assmokingrelationships. members.a rebellion and difficulty against restrictionsin Sthool There seems to be a co relation Other young people and ingin)5% gin to on Many3."best" suggestions method of have breaking'the been made cigaretteregarding someShortage habit.the women` of tocigarettes switch to during pipes. the war caused F. THEthem.Forty-two SMOKING percent HABIT of the men and 31 percent of prozram.i'Five-AmongAdventists them Day are-Plan" for well use originated definedin their regimensby smoking the Seventh sucheducatian- asDay the Some suggeSt that giving up smoking is . . peicentthe ageswomen of 11-1e,,girlsof 18 12-18, years 15.7of are age percentregular and over smokers.of thesmoke. boys Between and 13 drinking.Anonymouseasierthe "buddy" when by doing thosesystem itwho aswith arepracticed atrying group intoand Alcoholicsabstain by following from andThere the is "tobaccoa differefiCe habit." between the Reaching for a cigarette, "smokinghabit" 28 G. SOME WAYS TO,REDUCE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF SMOKING 4) brands.FederalandIf younicotine. mustTrade smoke, Commission choose as a lowcigarette tar and with nicotine less tar Any reduction in tar and nicotine intake Some cigarettes are listed by the ishalfSinceSmoke obviously are someno trapped more ofsomewhat the,harmfulthan and the becomehelpful. first chemicals concentrated half of from the in thecigarette. the first last '; half,youspendsTake can thefewer burning. spendlast puffs. puffspuffing. in anare. ash the tray, most the dangerous. less time The more time the cigarette AvoidtheSmoke blood.greaterinhaling. fewer cigarettesthe diffusion per ofday. harmful chemicals into The deeper the smoke is inhaled, .t 29 TEACHING UNIT ON TOBACCO, O I. Thethe 0 CONCEPTSuse of tobacco in A. Developthe story a booklet of tobacbo. orfscrapbook depicting LEARNING EXPERIENCE 1. Columbus'sTrace the historyvoyages ofto tobatcothe present. from EVALUATION had Uniteda long States history. has B. nationalityfirstCompare introduced. smoking groups customslof since tobacco various was peopleWhat part play did in thethe followinghiStory of C. history.depictingHave students the usedevelop of tobacco a time-line througgOut chart tobaeco? JeanSir FrancisNicot Drake II. A knowledge of the basic properties .,of A. Haveillustrating. students prepare the harmful a bulletin ingredients board 1. Explain the ..meaning of: Alton Ochsner body.itstobacco effects relates on the to B. topicInvitefound in"Thethe. tobacco. Propertiesschool nurse of toTobacco." speak on the denicotinizedtarnicotinefilter C. formaldehyde,tobaccoAssign aincluding report hydrogen On tars, the sulphide,ingredientsnicotine, hydrogenammonia, in 2. Discuss the statement: volatilizedstimulant "Filter D. Discusscyanide,"...but the carbonI smokevalidity monoxide, filtered of the andcigarettes!" statement arsenic. or 3. Comparecigarettes cigarettes, arewithout less filters."harmfulpipes, andthan E. informationReqUest"I can largestop.anytime on tobaccothe growing, Icompanies want packaging,to." to supply 4. Reviewcigars thefor respiratorynicotine content. system. F. nicotineWrite-theingand distribution,ofa chart ratingFederal., giving for Trade all thetobacco.. oflatestCommission the leadingtar'and request- ,effects oncigaretteCompile the body. a smokelist ofand ingredients discuss their of brands'ofciga4qttes. 30 CONCEPTS LEARNING EXPERIENCE EVALUATION 6. brands.nicotinetheDraw concentrations a bar in graphpopular representing ofcigarette tar and A ^Explain how thenicotinetobacco,related absorption and tofirmness thetobacco of dampness of can packing, beof the III. Tobacco Is not A. LeafRead 40 the "spray, cautions which on containsa bottle nicotine.of "Black 1. Discussand,smoking amounts the and relationship ofphysical inhalation. development between . beneficialgrowth or forfitness. .B. teethObserve and and fingers discuss of reasonsheavy smokers. for brown 2. effectExplainin adolescence. of thetobacco statement: on the body "The D.C. one'sDiscuss growth." the statement: "Smoking stunts varies with the individual." - educatingInterviewofdetermineCounty smokingthe publicSmoking a whatmemberon abouthealth. actionEducation of the is MontgomerybeingCommittee taken to in the effects, : IV. generalskills,'endurance,,Tobaccoand mental fitness,affects A. argumentseducationFollowing aforteacher, class" and against meetingsummarize smoking.with and the discuss physical the 1. physiologicalDifferentiateeffects of smoking. andbetween psychological the efficiency. B. smoking-onReadgeneral selected physical one's references skills,"endurance, fitness. on theeffects and of 2. smoking?'Can you name any advantages of , - . "DiscussOthe question: it more important .3. reducedDiscuss why,through lung smoking. capacity is forfrom athletes smoking than so foras tooth.ir be physically youth to refrainfit? 31 EVALUATION CONCEPTS, D. samepersonReview time cansome improve relay?, of the his haveways fitness, fun, in whichand and at ayoungengage the LEARNING EXPERIENCE 4. Whyathletes thedo coacheseffects do-not recommendof smoke?smoking that on par- What are tobaccothroughtheinContrast wholesomeperiod aand knowledge methodsof through phySicalgrowth of of awell-balanced as "abstaining",during andthe well mentaleffects as in activity: ofmaturity program 5. Discussticipationabouteducate the,effectswhat' your it you athletics?fellow can of do studentssmoking. to help E. body,Readofingrecreation. living, abouttheand effectsdiscuss thewith work adequate ofsome-of ofthe scientists use sleepthe of reasons andtobacco in study-,for on the used;amounts,Fordifficultyinconsistencies example: (2) and variationsof moistureapplying in their in contentthem the findings toamounts ofindividuals. the and of tobacco thenico- (1) variations in kinds, ferencesnicotinetineconditions(3) destroyeddifferences in of the theof physical during theindividual in men the the and susceptibility smoking smoker;womenemotional studied.process; (4) dif7to ,F. IsDiscussadults? smoking the more questions: For women than for men? harmful for youtthan for DoesthanIs cigaretteit cigar affect and smokingsome pipe people smoking? more moreor less than harmful others? Why? Discussliving whetherat one's tobacco best? helps or hinders 32 . CONCEPTS' G. Discuss the reduction of lung capacity and LEARNING XPERIENCE EVALUATION: H. ofElaborateaction an athlete of"the on theiscilia reducedstatement by the after usethat smoking.of the cigarettes. "wind" I. Experiments:(1) Match Test: Hold a lighted match blowmouth.patientsapproximatelylung out capacitythe and match. persons six are inches unable, with from.reduced to dothe this.) Without pursing the lips,- (Emphysema (2) pneumaticjug,Equipment:Methodand aa forlargesink. trough, measuring graduated a long lung cylinder, rubber capacity: tube, a a one-gallonFill,the clear ciderjug with water end-ofthefullcolored jug.,jug ofa rubberwater.within The a a pneumatic subjecttubevegetable into blows trough thedye. theneck which rubber of is Carefully insert one Invert volume-ofjugthetube. displacing amountsubject.exhales water of the airdisplaced coloredexpelled is a eachmeasurewater. fromqiis time of The bubbles of air rise in the The youoccurrestthatlungs. can withoccurs whencompare thehe,is while changesthe running thechange insubject involumein placevolume is that ator By use of a long rubber tube, doing other physical or mental tasks. 33 V. tobaccoThe use isof CONCEPTS A. smokingHave students on the reportheart, onlungs, the effectsand general of LEARNING EXPERIENCES Whyindividuals does smoking differently? affect EVALUATION potentiallydangerous. B. Developstaminagirls'of smoking oftwophysical the bulletin- -oneindividual. education each boards for thelockeron boys'the rooms.effects and. 2. Whatprodpcedlong-range are some by physical smoking?immediate symptous and C. hospitalObtain slides or physician, or films showingfrom a localthe effects , 3. useWhat on are the the heart? effects of tobacco f, ° D. onContact the lungs the ofMontgomery cigarette County smoking. Lung 4.5. WhatWhatsmoking is relationship the mad relationship lung cancer? is,there between determine:whatAss9ciationtheincidencequantity reason of ofandfor cigarettes respiratoryconnection thethis Heart correlation? smoked thereAssociationdisease., andis between theWhat to is betweenrespiratory smoking diseases? and various E. HealthfollowCondUct(pamphlets Experimentsor experimentsthose available) described booklet such inasin SmokingthoseTeacher's which and Materials:ExperimentInformationcigarettes, #1: Patket. 100 ml. flask, 2 glass tithes, Suction apparatus, several Effect of Nicotine on Fish whichDirections:oneforce smallhas thebeen .--Placegoldfish smoke 3/4 intofilled the thegoldfish with water water inwith the and-the flask watersuction and apparatus.observe closely. Leave the fish in the Ordinarily, ti obtained.--aboutelapse a halfbefore -hour the or full more effect will bewill needed be to 34 CONCEPTS LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION Note:itiinonchange top freshof this 'the water. waterwater,.take frequently it out for a td eplace. next As-Soon as the fish begins It will be nec ssaryto.. o float ExperimentResult:few. hours. #2: The fish will float. Effect of Nicotine in Fish bowls,Materials: one small goldfish One cigarette, two clea glass 2 SoakclearDirections: thewater. cigarette :Observe tobacco how'it in swims anothe a ound. Place goldfish in bowlf 1 of bowl from howimmediatelycontainingthefilled slowly bowl, with the and theandwater. fish place dissolvedplace, moves. the in fish nicotine.clear in water.the w ter Remove the tobacc Remove th 0 serve fish. tendsResults:organisms. to affect the nervous reaction o Nicotine, over a period of t'me,* all Materials:Experimentcontaining 4 #3: protozoan animal, beaker of Microscope, slides, jar of AnimalEffect Cellsof Nicotine on ater Directions:tobaccointhe which protozoan solution) tobacco animal has been on asoaked rdicrbscopesrde.- (makin Place a drop of water cont a AddObservethe a resultsdrop its of movements the tobacco, under solutton. a-bicroscope. Obsarve \- .CONCEPTS LEARNING EXPERIENCES O EVALUATIONJ nervousResults: reaction of all organisms. Nicotine seriously affects the A'' Experiment #4: . The Tare Content of Tobacco 2Materials: groupcigarettesinches should of plasticof havethe sameatubing,- different brand. masking (Eachbrand.) tape,lab 2 funnels, 1 dozen cotton balls, Smoke withfunnelseachDirections: masking of 2together funnels. tape. as shown beloW, and seal Place six cotton balls in AttachPlace thea cigarette filled to andinhale.)oneAttach cigaretterepeatend subtion using the with apiecetoexperiment thea filter. othtrof with end. the filter Replace tht discolored cotton, plastic tubing. (Do not Smoke., removed from the second' cilgarette. I to suction VI..i People smoke for many easons. A. 'fer thoughtConsider(1) and class such divussion:,questions-as the following statementsa)Give a true-false as: test with such Some young people smoke who pders?powerfulnotDo somewant Why young-to? -thatdo peoplesome set yoUng,peopleby smoke parents,Or who do say,by Which example is,most Smokingdo not want seems to. to be prevalent 0 does"Everybody's it"? doing it, " Or "The gang: 36 among school dropouts. CONCEPTS -(2) LEARNING EXPERIENCES c) If parents ..smoke, will their ,EVALUATION youngIsto smoking "Show-off"? person by to youth grow,up a desirable or to' way Does it help the . -smoke thanchildren children be morewhose likely to .(3) -smoking appearhabit?Does repeatedgrown-up? smoking,develop the If so, how can the , Q. 2. smoke.Make a liSt of reasons why people.parents abstain from smoking?. (4) insureIssmokertobacco knowledge itsbreak on nonuse ofsuchthebody the bya effectshabit? youth?sufficient ,Whatof to B. ReportadultInferview smokersyour five findings toteenage determine to Smokers the whyclass. andthey fi'Ve smoke. is .meant by self-control? A.C. Discuss.Summarize what the factorsreasons aregiven involved for smoking. in the 1. What resources does an'individual VII. 'attitudesYoung' temporaryare.basedthetoward- usepeople's ofVobacco smoking.on con-, present-daysmokeachbice" difference as to opposed smokescientific in aorto person's abstain. the evidencemight decision decision to smoketomake Relate how havesmoking?ligent to helpdecision him makeregarding an intel- B. Surveyof someone the whogeneral started student fifteen body years to deter- ago., , 2. Whatacceptingstrangers? are the cigarettes implications from of C. mineContrastthe smokingpresentation. the attitudes of unit an& on habits tobacco:. prior to differences in methods of 3. ofElaborate"Teenage education onsmoking ratherthe statement: is than a''problem D. Surveyofrelaxation getting students adequateobtained prior sleepfrom to and smokingand after recreation. with initiat- that 4. Inprohibition."enced_by what ways social are peoplePressure influ- to smoking.ing the unit to measure attitudes regarding 37 smoker - CONCEPTS IJEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION 5. you.cienttobaccoDiscuss to blithe'bodywhetherinsure itsthe nonuseareeffects by suffi- of VIII. isThe hard smoking to, break.habit A. "make a planprogressSelect for overcoming an is (other) made, it. report undesirable to the class.habit and . 1. As Whysmoking? is it difficult ; to stop' ro- B. usedMake ina listplace of of activities smoking. which could be 2: habit."Differentiatesmoking between habit" the and the "tobacco D.C. Discussin relation wayswhat fo topart a reducehabit. sel -disciplineharmful effects plays 4;3. What' organizations:can help in Differentiateand excessive between cigarette moderate smoking. E. magazines.Collectof smoking. tobacco advertisements from. Analyze them(Pamphlet in class to HEW) '5. breakingonCopy the several board.the smoking tobacco habit? ad slogans Ask students to evaluatetheyclaimAr'e theworded benefits claims claims'true so madeasto tohealth by orimply manufacturers. false? from beneficial use? Do they Are 6. made.Discussanalyze whyeach well one knownfor the persons claims a testimonials?manufacturers'effects which areespecially not present? desire, such What can young people do Why do- ° are used-by tobaccomethodsin their manufacturers areadvertising. used by advertisers What F. byabout takingCompare questibnable them filter apart. tips advertising? and nonfilter tips' Discuss whether tobaccoto increase products? file sale and use of G. Surveybythere use isavailableof afilters. significant research reduction on''filters of tarsas a tine.device in protecting smokers from nico- n Present the findings to the class. 38 OUTLINE (StiMUlants, Depressants, Hallucinogens, and VolatileTEACHER Chemicals) INFORMATION ON CONTROLLED DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES , History1. Narcotics e)d)b)c) Tranquilizers'AspirinBromides 2.5.4.3. AmphetaMarijuLSDBarbitu na ates nes h)g)f) BarbituratesVolatileNonbarbiturateAnthistamines Chemicals B. Hallucinogene,Stimulants,6. Depressants, and Those DrugsVolatile with Chemicals, MixedVolatile Actions Chemicals 3. Hallucinogensa) LSD. and1. Their Effects on the Systems of the BodyStimulants e)d)b)c) DMT,ADET,PsilocybinPeyote and DOM andMescaline (STP) Psilocyn b)c)a) AmphetaminesCocaineCaffeine 4. Chemicals with Mixed Actions Other halltcinogens 2. Depressantsa) Opium and its' derivatives 5. Motivating Factors Leadinto Drug1)) Abugea) -THC and Hashish Marijuana (3)(2)(1) HeroinMorphineOpium _TEACHING UNIT ON CONTROLLED ANGEROUS SUBSTANCES A. HISTORY1. Narcotics wasbusiness. forin cdmmonmore and usel3y more allopium classes, created and a lucrativethe demand" poppyAsjoy,thelived far juice whichwas backin the Mesopotamia, fromaswhen name5000 theingested given B.C.,poppy recorded to thehadplant. the Sumerians,the juicetheir power ofuses to whothe of Gil, meaning byofever,issuedThe the the nonmedical late theselawspeople 1700's tolaws were prohibituse had thatalreadyof little'effect opium thethee addicted. Emperorofbecamesmoking sincesuchof China it. aso menace many Ensuing How- induce4iorgetfulness.thetoits PersiaBabylonians.remarkable and India, properties, and westward was spread to Egypt eastward The hews of opium, with by Conflictlawsfailed. attempted between to Great prohibit Britain importation, and China buterupted this Thus the smuggling of opium began. _Opiumcenturies; was used andfor Homermedicinal and 'Virgilreasons madefor manyreferences . Riverinto the prevent with Opium opium. the'War inBritish 1840 whenfrom the-Dhineseentering the triedCanton The British won and doubled inthe357Other their white,B.C.) sources writings recommendedpoppy indicate tofor the certain drinkingsleep-produlcing-poppy.that Hippocratesillnesses. the juices of Physi-(445= ail- !"-'the opium trade. wererailroads.introducedIn thebrought early tothe 1800's, United opiumthe ChineseStates smoking toimmigrants inhelp this build who ments,ailmentscians andbegan andlocal tddisabilities. prescribehealers-used its ituses for many kreely for all . Fromsportingthecountry. Westthere groupsCoast it spread ofand the lower to United larger class States citiesAmericans. among across the Soon'opium dehs began to appear on plaguedwasducedtravelingItas used believedopiumthe. for physicians Chinese dysentery,to thatChina people;,the inof an Arabs,theother and9th countries,as ascentury. wellan appetite as intro- ailment which had Opium theA theGerman first United scientistalkaloid States. derivativein 18.05 digovered of opium, morphine, In opium.rapidfamine.depressant death tofrom cOmbat starvation hunger andduring overdoses times ofof This substitution resultedoin more morphine1853,duringamongand needlethe the thefor development sick Civilenabledquick and War,relief army wouned.of and thesurgeonsof its painhypodermic easy andto availability injectfear syringe It was used freely elsewhereOpiumtury smokingwhen in the the became East second Indiaa problemhalf Company of-the in Chinastarted 18th andcen-. to 1- 1898,causedfrom another morphine.many soldiers German scientistto become producedaddicted. heroin Heroin was thought to have all In import opium on a large Scale.' The opium pipe 4D the properties of morphine without the addicting 2. Marijuana Atqualities.even the moreturn -However, addictive.of the century, it .was thesoon addiction found to be . Marijuanathe flowers cones and from leaves a ofresin Indian substance hemp. found in It4a wasrate alarmed had reached and pressed such aCongress peak that to theprotect public ofgrown the inUnited Asia, States. Africa; AroundMexico, 1900 and italmost-all was . Act,purposes.importationregulatorythem fromwas passed themeasure of drug opiumin was,menace.1914 for passed-prohibitingto other regulate than themedical the The second measure, the Harrison In 1909 a federal 3. AmphetaminesAmphetamines.introduced into are Newsynthetic Orleans stimulants by Mexican which, labOrers. nowwhichcoticdomestic patterned. all drugs. statetrade uniformand distribution narcotic altsof all are nar- This act is the basic law from in.visedTheytheirfirst the are weight-reductionabilitybecame1930s. also availabletoused combat as part programs. tofatigue practicingof strictly and sleepiness. physicians super- These drugs are best known for America,plant.ulantFor ages, by chewing Indiancocaine tribesthe has leaves been believe usedof the thatas cocaa chewingstim- Today, in the -Andes of South 4. BarbituratesBarbiturate'S are synthetic depressant which Pare :fp plantEarlyphysicalthe coca foundSpanish leavesfeats in explorers requiringSouthwill 'enableAmerica, reportedgreat them butstrength. thetolittle performcoca modernpossessacid,manufacturedfirst first barbitgrates. sleep-inducingthe depressantproducedfrom barbituric ,in Inbarbiturate,qualities-associated 1846, 1903 acid. doesbarbital, not,was synthe-however,the with Barbituric beenscientistattentionthetic1859. replaced in wasisolated the bypaid beginning, newer tothe it drugscocaine until but such todayanalkaline asAustrian itNovo- hasin Cocaine_wasused as a topical anes- havepoundssized. been,found have been suitableproduced. for-, Ofclinical these, use.only 30 Since that time, over 2500 related com- . 1900's,'cocainecaine and its derivatives. was used in sniffing and In the early 5. LSD membranepsychologicaladdictive,absorbing of thebut addiction. crystalsnose.it can result through in thestrong mucous It is not physically LSDnameoften isis areferredLysergic,Saure white,hallucinogenic tasteless,to by other(acid) drug odorless names whoseOiethylamide. such chemicalchemical as "1-25," 41 Cl1 ,(acid)fungusDr.discovered"L," Diethylamide, Albert ergot. "D," Hofmann,"acid," the Compoundwhile anda physician doing.research.on"bluemist.". called fromLysergic In Switterland, 193,8 theSaure Ergot is a rust that forms on rye 1. Stimulantsa) drowsinessCaffeineContrary stimulates toand popular fatigue thebelief for medulla, a- periodit doesreducing of not time. wereand notwheat. discovered until 1943 when Dr. Hofmann, The hallucinogenic properties of LSD sk) Antremors,increase overdose insomnia,accuracy causes excitement, ofand performance, possible nervousness, delirium. however. 6. AnyVolatileaccidentally substance Chemicals inhaled that can the easily drug. be changed into a Anperioddaily amount intakeof of time. tolerance of is built for anup extendedfrom. a It becomes a habit that is Amonglacquersgasoline,gas canthe bevolatile andglue, classified thinners, substances as cleaningfluid-, a volatile in commonkerosene,fluids, use and paint are chemical, controlledTherelaxationtion averageto discontinue only willdaily by help thedose it. toindividual's is prevent 300 mg. the resolu- habit. Plenty of rest and One cup numerouschemicalsarecompounds,containing the aerosol principal that sprays. render ingredients onlyphysical hydrogen inharm. the and carbon, Hydrocarbons, chemical volatile Cocainecola,of coffee 50 mg. contains 100 mg., one bottle of B STIMULANTS, DEPRESSANTS, VOLATILE CHEMICALS, is derived from the coca leaf which - HALLUCINOGENS,whichAND"A THEIRisdrug taken isEFFECTS a ANDintosubstance THOSEONthe THE body DRUGSother SYSTEMS to WITH thanproduce OF MIXEDfood THE a orBODYACTIONSdesired nutrient's taste.countries.:cancrystalline be found It growingpowder, is an odorless,inwhich some has South white,a bitter The powder is usually put into cap- America-It . whichwhicheffect.dose produces producesis that the whichdangerous effect: is sufficient effects; the to justcause fatal, degth.,, The minimum dose is the smallest amount 'A toxic dose is that sulecanandloss form beinjectedof sniffed thein orderpowder. into through tothe prevent body,the nose orexcessive the powder It can be liquified by the user.. senssleep,to"A stupifynarcoticpain dullness, by or dullingis cause aor depressant an thedeep insensible nerves. that condition,produces and les- sleep."' In Greek it means drowsiness,' withitprofessionCocaine the is discoveryno waslonger as used a ofusedlocal extensively Novocaine for anesthetic; this and bypurpose. the however, medical Xylocaine -1. Texas Alcohol and Narcotic Education, Inc. The Problems ..Alcohol-Narcotics. 42 Dallas: Tane Press, 1962, p. 60. senseCocaine of theis notterm, a narcoticbut a powerful in the andmedidal -,andevenhigh heart,blood attacks. pressure; abnormal. heart rhythms, Some individuals nervousawareness,itydangerous and syste& gives stimulantand themuscular feeling that strength. affects of great the mental central It stimulates the perSonal- If cocaine nation,leadtake amphetaminesto andconfused hallucinations. thinking,to keep awake. loss of coordi- This `can nasaltwitchingis used system. repeatedly,-- and extreme itperforation will cause ofmuscular the . developAlthoughis no evidencefrom psychological the ofuse the of dependencedevelopmentamphetamines, does of there natureHallucinationscondition may developfrom and which causingdelusions recovery a seriousof isa paranoiduncertain. mental 2. Depressants physiologicalcharacteristic dependence; withdrawal nor syndrome. is there any The withdrawaldrug causes illness an emotional from cocaine dependency is mild. Opium(1) and its derivatives c) Amphetaminesrather than-a physical dependency. OpiumofOpium the isopium formed poppy from when the it milky is dried juice L'D ,Amphetamineslidpepnervous pills,poppers, aresystem benniesstimulants hearts; and are or to frequentlyco-pilots. the central called dexies, speed, wake -ups, The most obtained.areintofrom pressedsticky which pellets.intoover lumpstwenty of alkaloids'-are crude opium Prepared opium is dark These pellets resortdrine.commontablet toare or intravenous benzedrine,capsule; however, injection. dexedrine, abusers may are taken orally as a and mettle- brownThecan beopiumand smoked, smells poppy chewed, likeis not molasses. orgrown eaten. in the It is most often It Whenincreasefightrelieve taken fatigue, depression, energy,according promote there tocurb prescriptionwakefulness,is the little danger toand/or in appetite{, WhenNearsmuggledUnited East.opium States. in is illegally smoked, itfisfrom thesleep- Far and headache,dan.geroVs.them.of alertneSs dizziness, which mayirritability, be followed weight by However, self- is very The first effect Is a feeling hotTheandproducing theand-then -bodyfantastic opium buildsand droppedis dreams.generallyheld a tolerance intoin a causesaflame bowled to untilpleasantthe pipe. drug, red In smoking opium, injectionloss,likepsYchotoxic and extremeof amphetamines fatigue.effects. produces cocaine- It can alsoIntravenous cause 43 thus creating a need for larger doses. b (2) -Morphine- bannedItStates is from aand white, medicalcannot yellow, beuse legally inor thebrown imported.United powder -.powdex morphine,withThecangiven aprincipal bitterbe orallywhichobtained taste. alkaloidisor awithhypodermically. white, theof opium'prescriptionodorless is It'is It heroinandthecapsules. is mucous byusually sniffing membraneS illegally or rubbingof peddledthe nose.it intoin Aidicts sometimes first try ,,, .1'90rPhineof ais legally absorbed registered into thebloo& doctor. Withindermicallysatisfy;"fix" a shortfor and orgreater ittime;even is intravenouslythenreadtions.this injectedceases to ashypo- a The N nervousstreamtion,'lossanalgesia,pain. andcarriedsystem,,The ofeuphoria,effect6 actingconcentration, to of thetomuscular morphine relieve.central and reiaxa- include drow- alleroin beingphine,effectsis a physicallyseems except are tosimilar that be'greateraddicting the to feelingthose drug.with of heroin.of mor- well- mayinsteadualsiness. reactionsbe an of occurrence a reactionto morphine. of of excitability, apathy, there There may be certain. individ- For example, beatsystem,circulation.functions--,It worksis accompaniedslowing directly down onby all theaheart decreasemajat central -beat, body innervous and The slowdown in'heart morphineTheredelirium,.andreceive is whenahis withdrawal regularconvulsions:,the addict dose.effect does frdmnot The effects bloodchronicsymptoms pressure. constipation. are a loss of appetite and Associated with these muscularTheandreach withdraWal.effectsinclude their twitching, nervousness,peak in and thirty-six goosethen weakness, subsideflesh. hours -addictskillsandHeroinis inan the pooraddictsareoverdose. addict preyhealth. areto directly, bloodusually poisoning unlessvery thin thereand However, many heroin Heroin rarely drawalandthetressing in addict. acan few andbe days almostis sometimesthey unbearably are gone.disabling dis- to With- hepatitistouserilized the becomes drug.hypodermic as a psychologicallyresult needles. of using addictedunster- He realizes that if he The heroin (3) ousHeroin derivative is the mostof morphine. powerful and danger- At one wouldwerenausea,toms. tdsuffer discontinue chills, Painful twitching, usingwithdrawal the and drug, symp-severe he These symptoms include, cramps, ingtime, substitute it was thought for morphine. to be a 'Heroinnonaddict- is 44 inbodilysymptoms death. pains. are painful, they do.not result Although the withdrawal, (4) Codeine b) Bromides toCodeinetive the ofopiate is morphine another family. but'isdrug that not belongsnearly as It is a jeriva- "anxiety;A moderatedrowsiness,bromide but isprolongedamounts, asleep,,,and depressant bromides.overdosing a drugsense relieve causes-that of calm. causespain and In medicines..basicaS'apotency.potent, painingredients having killer only' andin one someis -sixthOne :cough of Codeine is highly effective4 the the BromidestoxicSome symptomsexamples are sold andof withoutemotional prescription., dependencies. bromides are Nervine, IttheThe is sameeffects a highly as those'ofof,codeineabuse dangerous other physiologi- opiates. are much c) Aspirintriplesodium bromides.bromide, potassium bromide, (5) Demeroldrug.cally , and(Meperidine).and psychologically Methadone addictihg inAspirin,dosesIt the is Unitedcausea onemild oftoxic States,pain the effects.reliever,most is acommonly and onlysold drugs pildbdepressant. large morphinebody.Theseare addictive.are in synthetictheir effects drugs on that the resemblehuman. As with other true opiates, they d) affectTranquilizers the central are depressant nervou8,systam. drugs which-. J SOldt severephide'dependency.Thesefor the syntheticwithdrawal, treatment drugs symptoms of areheroin being than and usedeither mor- They 'produce less `dizzinesshazard-to:driversscribedonLy,on andsleepiness to prescription, relieve whothustension. are theycreating under are their usuallya influ- pre- jhey may cause asBothheroin painkillers. of or theSe morphine. drugs are usedcmedically V e) Antihistaminestheence road!). (and, therefore, to everyone else on -,(6) Dilaudid,Otherparegoric Opiates laudanum, are all Tenapon,,opium derivatives and Antihistamines,usedconfilsion,andallergies, nasal congestion, (runny'nOse,and inattention: in maythe wateringeyeS,:etc.) causetreatment drowsiness, of They should not vehicle and are addicting. 45 be taken'unless bghe thehas operatordoctor's ofpermission. a'motor f) producedBarbituratesBatbiturates drugs (sleeping that are pills)depressantS. are chemically - The WithdrawalOftenfurtherdepression. culminating upset illness the innormal from death. barbituratesbody processes, after This practice serves only to bluetal.Sodium,ofpeaduts,andslang thosedevils, terms on candy,forSeconal,theblue themmarket heavens., yellow areaAmytal are goof jackets,phennies, phenobarbital,TheSodium, balls, common and barb, names Lumital. NembU- death.)thanantion. extended that which period results of use from is heroinmore addic- (It has been known to result in severe Theable medicinal in pre-'and uses post-operativeof sedation, are - valu- g) Nonbarbiturate Sedatives ' bloodinsomnia,On pressure,the other anxiety hand,and states,surgicalanesthesia. when theyepilepsy, are taken high too joysoper).Included (Dokiden),juice), in and thischloral Methaqnalone group hydrate are Glutethimide(Quaalude, (Mickey Finn, slowed'reactionnation,confusion;often in. irritability, excessdeitisiOn; time,amounts, lossslurredantisocial theyof speech,cause and Barbiturates depresS the thuscularcoordi- behavior, mental Ofdepressant.andare particular arequaaludes,or classed'as interest sopers a centralat whichthe presentnervous are sedatives timesystem They are prescribed as a sleep- Barbiturates,centralpossiblegiving nervousacoma. feeling like system, ofnarcotics, well-being- inducing are addicting sleep and makessleep."punch one happy feel drunk"uninhibited, for those expansive, who avoid andpill, but they produce a high which son.inaredrugs. produced-annuallyenough_ the United States to havetWenty-four Some 700,000 pounds of sleeping pill for every per- h) Volatile Chemicals 0 dangerousOfequal particular doses practice of ,theconcern'isthe ofsame mixing drug. extremely barbiturates _Volatileevaporatequersglue,substances chemicals andlighter rapidly. thinners,commonly arefluid, substances abusedcleaning kerosene, are that gasoline,paint lac- Among the volatile fluids, and havewithmuchTheof thealcohol.occurredtwo greater respiratorydrugs as thanin a combination resultthe and sum cardio-vascular of of'their total 'Numerous accidental deaths have an effect depressionindividual- systems.. and carbon;numerousinchemical.compounds arethe,; theaerosol volatile principal sprays. chemicals containing ingredients that only Tender hydrogen Hydrocarbons, toeffects. the-use'of stimulants to Abusers, of this nature often, resort relieve the extreme 46 physical harm. intoThe volatilethe body chemicalsby means ofor sniffingsolvents orare taken laboratoriescarried in smallwhich quantitiesproduce it. (approximately It can be -and slurredsymptomsnation,solventsinhalation. speech blurred ofmayin solvent varyingexhibit :vision, inhalation degrees.loss mild of muscularhallucinations, resemble coordi- Individuals who sniff these The Theing,andcubes,50-200 aspirin.drug inhaling, micrograms)chewing begins gum, orto injectingam takeblotting such effect object's apaper, dilutedafter asstamps, about form.sugar LSD can be taken 'by swallow- thatthesciousness,tinuedclosely above the'inhalation usagethose mentioned or may ofeven alcoholbring death.effects,of drowsiness,solvents intoxication. it ismay believeduncon- cause In addition to Con- dependence,'butThefrom-6thirty drug'shows tominutes, 12 hours. noitand evidencecan the cause effect of a physicalpsychologicalcan Continue chemicalsresultandiOrblooddamage cells. damagetoas maythewell: resulttokidneys, Extremethe innervous liver, deathusage system fromheart,of volatilesuffoca- may or Possible development of anemia heart-beat,suchsystemturedependence. as or anddilated chills; maywith produce pupils; anincreased increased physicallower blood pulse;body symptoms sugar; tempera- and rapida LSD affects the central nervous widespreadTheincurred.tion inhalation because among of of thethe volatile oxygen10-15 year-agechemicalsdeprivation group, is somost effectsAndistortionSloss of on appetite; the of mind, sensory such4 perception,as hallucinations,LSD user restless may experience many bizarre withandtochemicals.are obtainheaviestcommon. because usage relatively theiramong uses boys.easy are for numerous children Volatile hashaveness,toward "badmore reported inability trip."violencebizarre the .During to hallucinations andoccurrence sleep, suicide, this and "bummer,"of impulses witha periodic accom- the user Users of LSD psychologicalareCurrentrepeated not physiologicallyevidence use. dependency indicates addicting; may that develop these duedrugs to but a ,Thereagepanyingciated isto alsochromosomes. fearwith evidence andthe panic.drug that is LSDthe causesfact that dam- sen- Another danger asso- 3. Hallucinogensa) ALSD solution 7 Lysergic of LSD Saure is colorless,(acid)-Diethylamide oderless, b) Peyotewithou:sationscaused andthe Mescalineuser's by ingestingLSD may recur another unexpectedly dose: pill,and tasteless. powder, or capsule by the clandestine It is packaged as a liquid, 47 Peyoteling cactusis derived that fromgrows the in peyotethe deserts or dump- of _ It highly potent drug similar to mescaline and with_bittermorecanSouthwestern beea, oftentaste, injected coffee, taken theUnit'Ll hypodermically,milk,drugorally. States isorange often and juice, ingestedMexico. or Because of its but it is Thethelucinations amphetamines.drug prOduces which severe may last and. up powerfulto 72 hour's:. hal- system.someresultcolorful other of hallucinationscommon.beverage.its effects on andthe euphoriacentral nervousas a Peyote produces bedetermined,Thelfull even more effects butpowerful it ofis'reported STPthan have LSD. notthat yet STP been may Mescaline is .a more concentrated form of . QtherOther Hallucinogensdrugs that may be classified as hal- Statesillicitpeyote.Psilocybin is market, growing., and andPsilocyn their use in the United Both are readily available on the growsglutamate,lucinogens(PCP-Phencyclidine), wild throughoutAmanitaare saffron, Muscaria thebufotenine, catnip, country), (a mushroom sernyl monosodium nutmeg, that butofPsilocybin Mexicannot as potent.mushroom.is derived from a certain variety Psilocyn is very similarIt is similar to LSD 4. Chemicals with Mixed Actions and morning glory seeds. Bothinocybin structure drugs is affectchanged to psilOcybin. the into central psilpcyn nervous by the system, body. , In fact, psil- a) Marijuanaing tops isand derived leaves fromof the the female dried Indianflower- -d)::DMT,(dimethyltryptamine),.DET (diethyltryp-oftionsproducing emqtiona which are generally followed by a brilliant and colorfuldisturbance. hallucina- period \ _As.the flowershemptea, andplant. grass, seed headsweed, andof theMary female Jane. Marijuana is often called pot, STP)tamine),Thee'are -DOM additional (dimethoxymethylamphetamine'or , hemphashish.itscrushed'or plantpure state,ripen, chopped thisa liquid substanceinto oozessmall isout,4, piecesknciiin which as The dried flowers and leaveY are commonly However,DMTdrUga30-610 and which theDETminutes. effectsaremay similarhe_uSed of the inas drugspotencyhallucinogens. last to onlyLSD. ,knowntinct,thatTheare as odorrolledreefers,of sweet burnt'weeds of and smoke smell.sticks, smoked from or joints, asrope.marijuana cigarettes or mooches.is like. It has a dis- STPever,for (or serenity, itDOM) is ischemically tranquility,a drug jokingly known and as said peace.DOM.' to It.is aHow- stand 48-- becauseThe effects of the of variationsmarijuana varyin potency greatly of the marijuana intoxication. Hashish is the _,Ical stateweed of Somethethe and user,personof differencesin the'physical as at well the astime thereactionsthe of personalityemotional use. include and of *mus-phys- dizzi- C. MOTIVATING FACTORS LEADING TO DRUG ABUSE most potent form of THC. ness,rateoverallgeneralcular ringingspatial trembling, increasebody inperception.temperature, the in,increased ears,appetite, bloodshotnausea, heart reduction rate,and eyes, inaccu-, db.- walkscangroupDrug and of abuse nor doeslife; to isaffectpeople a notspecific confined sacioecoaomic of to all a particularages andclass. from age all It Sonetions,emotionalusing psychological marijuanahallucinations instability, are and hilarity, emotional(with reduction strong indifference, effects inand inhibi from painDrugsillness,The and therapeuticare induce administeredaccident, sleep. uses or offrequentlyinjury, drugs inare becauseorder of extreme to of relieve severe value. The extent of the patient's 4 repeated(with repeated doses); use);and anxiety and depression medication;-however,thatillness a &pendency may require on becausethean extendeddrug the may physician periodresult,. of ishetime awarecan for Marijuana,Authorities"dependence" which now rather thinkis not thanin a terms narcotic,"addiction." of drug does not and effecttimeencechance .ofona thatwithdrawal thehis drugtheextreme patientbecause when illness necessary. willthe rather drughave was an'emotionalthan used because during depend-of the There is emote developofdoesothercause the not narcotics.physicaldrug. /a become tolerance dependencedependent. to the as ondrug, docontinuing heroin eitheri use of The body probably does not This means that the body. which Nonmedicallyinabilitya personality to retatedface disorder, reality. factors'have emotional been'problem, found or to be .A wouldto makeget thelarger same and effects. largernumbeir doses. necessary. of scientists blink the drUg can belowmotivating1. are some forces of theseleading motivating to drug abuse.forces;Loneliness Listed 'arid knowlefigesoCial,corisequencesneededregularly.causePsychological before of the national long of dependence-term marijuana decisions physical, ifuse abouttaken ispersonal, its All researchers agree that more 3:2. AttemptAvailability.of to "buck" drugs the establishment THClegal ( statusetrahydrocannabinol) can be. made. and Hashish 5.4. AttemptexperiencesNatural tocuriosity escape 'reality. of youth to seek new THCIt produces effects similar to extreme the active ingredient in marijuana. 49 6. Personality instability 7. toThe ormisconception an escape from that. the drugS problems may beof thethe answerworld ThisNOTE:.the isamount Withtrue thoserequiredeven thoughdrugs for for morea, whichfatal and moreoverdosedose remainsof the is drugaconstant. danger, is 9. Rebellion"Kicks" increasingaddictedrequired to his produceheroin normal oran amountbarbiturateseffect. only ',Consequently, slightly. can overdose a whileperson 11.10. Peer"Fad pressure syndrome" chalk,areform.'Drugs frequently arewhichPills frequently areand made notcapsules with readilyavailable inert that soluble. fillerareas pills'orsold substances for in'capsuleoral likeuse When these pills' 13.12. MeaningTheEmotional search of instabilityforlife a, deeper insight into the latingthearefillers localthen blood dissolvedveinscan to cause theand and lungscamsevere injectedalso where-?thy inflamma=tioh4 be carriedinto alsoa vein,by-the cause infection the circti-'inflam- of inert 15.14. i'arentalAssotiation complacency with the "wrongtoward crowd"drugs mation and Staring of the lung tissues. 17. advOcateLivfhgPropagandaseeking in its societya permissiVe,ofuse underground affluent, newspapers freedom- that TEACHING UNIT ON CONTROLLED DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES CONCEPTS LEARNING EXPERIENCES -") 1. What part did China play in the EVALUATION I. haveDrug a uselong\Kstory: and abusd B. GiveusesDiscussincluded'in the of attitudesdrugs.the teacher's-reference,early-medicinal and opinionsssuivey and social Divide:class, intogrutips 2. historymarijuana,What are of thenarcotics? LSD, sources and volatileof opium, berries,afortheto sUbStitute.for studymedicaluse nuts, ofhow PlantS,Aeaves,remedies, manetc. a over toway produce religloustheof life.agesherbs, drug discovered,rites, effectE;barks, and chemicals?addictionOutline the in historythe United of drugStates. (2)(1) WhatHaw usesdid theydid manaffect make the of people?these? (3) WhatduringWarof social the war, use Caanges ofway;of these 'came life ?' aboutfor people, because used to relieve human miseries i.e., (caused (4) madeplacesusedDraw living-easier.) universallyconclusions use of drugs andas is_not towhy how in considered drugssome are C. of drugsConstruct throughout a timeline history;. illustrating the use abuse but,a-way of life. HaveDrawthe interestedhistory a world Of map studentsdrugs.- illustrating ptepare sources reports of on drugs. 51 CONCEPTS LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION Certain drugs . Organize with students the specific drugs 1. What are some medical uses of are classified. into the following categories: HallucinogensStimulantSDepressants Whatdepressants.? are themeanings of: 'narcoticsbarbiturates (1) Mixed ActionsaboveDiscuss.the headings. differences between the,: withdrawal"pusher""fix"tolerancedrug addict illness (3)(2) underDiscussInclude more how medical than'one'heading. some drugsuses. would fit "peddler""goof"horse" ball" and-other slang terms (4) Discussrespiratorythe(digestive, mind the "arid way systems). nervous,bodythe drugfunctions excretory,will affect and 3. Aredepressants?opium?What narcotics are the stimulantsEerivatives or of Explain the dif- B. Using the definition of a depressant (any 'ference'betweena depressant. a and . -functionswhenhavemusculardrug theirthe thatof studentsrelaxation, the physicianreduces central describe body gaveand'nervous activity; slowsthem an system), instpnceordown someonecauses 5. Differentiate"addicting" andbetween ''habit the forTing." terms ,arid.aspirin its themtheyeffect.. compounds knowtoyecall a depressant the medicine (aspirin). prescribed Experiment = pH of Ask 6.7. WhatListdepressants? are ten some volatile synthetl,c chemicals. C. listingConstruct various a bulletin depressants board andand displaytheir uses. . 8. Whatvolatile are the chemicals? beneficial uses of 52. CONCEPTS Collect pamphlets and other information lEARNING,EXPERIENCES 9. What are the meanings EVALUATION of: 2 DrugMedicalInstituteconcerning Administration. Association, of depressants Mental andHealth, fromthe Americ-anFoodNational and volatileevaporationgas-solvent"sniffer" E. .Have studentspointingofclass, depressants. writeoutidentifying why, their the interpretationstheincorrect correct ,one ones is and, Discuss their.ansWers in F. 'various physiologicalConstructfallacious, a andwall psychological chart illUstrating the ' 7 qQ; describing.someAssigneffects of depressants. beneficial . uses of. :areative writing paragraph H. Writedepressants or call in NIMH,our society. AMA, Hotline (949J6603), , I. DepartmentRequestabuseand the andfrom FDA exhibitsan Montgomeryfor explanation speakers.- pertaining County of exhibits Bbliceto drug 4. J. Writeby qualifiedabuse reports of depressants.personnel. illustrating the use and K.L. solventsPrepareDefine avolatileand chart their illustrating Chemicals,uses. andcommon then listcan oncontribute. the board as many as the class 53 EVALUATION CONCEPTS , M. Explain-the meaning of. the terms volatile', LEARNING EXPERIENCES . III. classifiedCert as n drugs are A. conceptRefersolvent, to-Learning onevaporation, Depressants. Experiences gas: (A through accompanying J) - 1. Whatstimulants? are some medical uses of stimulants. B. 'Discusscoffeestudents reasons and oftenwhy cigarettes. truck resort drivers. to the and use of 2. What are the meanings of: "pep"speed" pill" D.C. Discusscoffee. caffeinated and decaffeinated 3. What beverages contain caffeine? "beanies" 5 'E. WriteMakein colas. reportsa list of.theon the slangharmful-Ingredients terms associated 4. Dexedrine,Name(For five example: commoncaffeine, stimulants. 'cocaine, Benzedrine, IV. Certainclassified drugs as are A. ' withReferconcept the todrilg Learningon culture.,depressants.- Experiences accompanying (A through J) 1. Whatpep pills, are the coffee, neanings coke, of: etc.). hallucinogens. B. Write reports on the following: AlbertMind-expanding Hofmann Drugs mind-expandinghallucinate"mind-bending"euphoria"a trip" _Mind-bendingUseHallucinationA "Trip" of Hallucinogens Drugs. by American 2.3. DoName hallucinogens four hallucinogenic have medical. drugs. C. mayDiscuss experience in depth what the he reasons thinks whyis a.one "groovy user Indians 4. Whatusingvalue? ale hallucinogens? the reasons given for- 54 ft EVALUATION CONCEPT nightmarish'andrecurrenttrip" and halluciriations.another torturoutrip" user-experiences with a LEARNING EXPERIENCES 5. hallucinogens?What are the, dangers Havedeliver interested oral reports students on: prepare ah ErgotLSD Fungus MescalinePeyote V. effectphySiologicalDrugsand psychological haveon the a body. A. psychologicalanonymousAsk the students questions effects to-submit andaproblets of drugs. for discussion regarding 2. Whal-..areWhatthe signsuse-,of the and physicaldrugs? symptoms effects are of B. .digestive,Usingby out and chartsspecific specificrespiratory of drugs.the parts circulatory, systems, of the pointbody nervous, affected .1 3. -What psychological effedt,does drugindicativethe addict?use ofof drugscfrug haveaddiction? on the D.C. behavioralByCompare means theeffect'sof chartsphysiological of and drugs. pamphlets, effects reviewto the 4. 'Explainillnessesmakes thewhy suchaddictthe useas: more oaf drugsprone to onaffectsRelatethe the nutritional nutritilonal thisthe appetiteto therequirements intake:way with in resultantwich of thedrug body.effect abuse brainvenerealhepatitis damage disease E. affectedUsing a model by different of the brain, drugs. point Out areas 5. Give the meanings of: circulatoryrespiratory disease F. mentbedrugsConduct inaltered Alcoholupon an behavior.by experimentunit...) using the showingstimulant the caffeine effect of (See. Goldfish experi-This experiment may habitdependencytolerance withoutinstead prescription of-alcohol. frot any drug store. Caffeine can be55' obtained withdrawalabuseaddiction EVALUATION CONCEPT duced,drugs;On the andtheirchalkboard, their medical dependence prepare use, symptoms apotentials. chart pro-listing LEARNING EXPERIENCES 'Which drugsdependency,logical result dependenCy, inor psycho-both? physiological -' termtion,(Example: symptoms, medical use,physical effect dependence sought, long-poten- name, slang name,classifica- H. toinComparetial, Teacher's\Packet. each'major organic the actions group.damage of(depressants,potential.) the different stimu- drugs Refer-- tir Hint:thesimilarlane, actionsaction hallucinogens, to oftheof oneallactions stimulantstimulants, mixed of all actions).is depressants;etc.similar to The actIonof one depressant is VI. stimulantsascommonSome, well of drugs, asthe in A. Clipnewspapersemotionalcoffee, advertisements cola, aboutappeal. etc. aspirins, from and magazines analyze bromides, theirand 1.2. WhatqualitiesElaborate potentially ofon coffee,the danieroushabit-forming cola, etc.drugs , .beverages, are B. Discuss the many advertisements used a thatprescription nevertheless may bedo foundnot require in habit-formingseriousand can problems.create use'oftodaycompare todrugs. inhuenCethe food thevalues,of publfc cola in thebeverages 3. Whyusethe is aaverage itmedicine not medicinesafe` prescribed or cabinet?you to.for D. inand..DiscuSs using milk. stimulants.the potential danger to-adolescents evenanothersame thoUgh symptoms?',member= you mayof yourhave family the . . Which drugs cause physical withoutGocheckthe-counter to anyA the'onesprescription. store drugs whichand which a °re you found can atpurchase home. list someFrom'this-list, of theJ:over-, dependence?larger doses? Create a need for Create emotional 55 - 11111111111 CONCEPTS Tell what the uses are and'fhe factors to LEARNING EXPEDIENCES 5. What food values do cola and EVALUATION F. ~be considered inEvaluate the use the of validitythese drugs. of advertisements - '6. Whyothermore is soft'drinks dangerousthe use of even have?stimulants to adoles- Bufferin,bytimeExamples:of testing solution.. studies, Anacin, various varyTime Contact, drugs temperature.this forcarefully. etc. their speed aspirin (severa. brands), After cents than to adults? G. redExcedrin,Materials:Experiment: and blue Empirin litmus Compound, paper, aluminum Anacin, foilpH paper, Bufferin, BayerpH of Aspirin,Aspirins Tylenol, Testsample.eachonProcedure: a sample.withlarge .Permit litmus'paper piece each of aluminumsample and'pH to paperdiasolve. and Place the samples to,bePut tested 5 drops of water on each foil, Label b VII. reasonsThere are for many the A. factorsListrvird on results.' fortheachalkboard drug abuse whichthose studentsmotivating 1. reasonsElaborate for on using the followingdrugs: abuse of drugs. pfciblems,,theboredom,curiosity,groupsuggest. or peeroutlook spiritualism, pressure,way on out, the pleasure,availability,world search,for and its self, (Alienationgeneration gap, 1 'satisfactionindependencesocialexcitement pressure B. Discussconnectedrecreation.) personality with drug traits abuse. usually : rebellionesCape,relaxation 57 90192995798577179782384987565167569972374751753956158360562739541543545547549526728530332133935737511931225104110711101113111611013 CONCEPTS G. Discuss the social censequences of drug LEARNING EXPERIENCES EVALUATION abuse.(1) How can drug addiction affect family 4 (2) Whattherelationships effectfinancial does demandsor drug group abuse to relationships? the have user on gC1 (3) Whatand to effect society does ?. drug abuse have on VIII. resourcesThere are community,which try A. Haveis availablestudents findto the:drUg out about user the at help the thatcounty, crime and delinquency? 1. Whatavailable community to resources help thedrug are addictedto help thoseto drugs. B city,ofMakemental the andthe "Hotline"and neighborhoodstudents nongovernmental. as aware a levels--both.govern-means of theof help.existence 2. Whichofferaddict?'drug of help abuser?the tofacilities the nonaddict also C. PhonehelpofInvite Narcotics number:athe.drug speaker to talk from aboutuser. the Federalits efforts Bureau to 949-6603 BIBLIOGRAPHY and TEACHER PACKET DRUGS AND DRUG ABUSE: ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, AND CONTROLLED DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES 0

A Supplement to the. Seventh Grade Science Course of Study

Bulletin No. 278-A Montgomery CountyPublic,Schools Rockville, Maryland Homer O. Elseroad Superirttendent of Schools 41 Copyright 1975

Board of Education.

Montgomery County Public Schools

.Rockville, Maryland

11 71 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

'BIBLIOGRAPHY 1

TEACHERS' REFERENCES 7

Additional Sources for Information Material ...... , . . 7

Pretests and Posttests 9

Test Answer Keys" 24

25 Table of Drug Characteristics . . . .

Symptoms of Drug Abuse 27

Maryland Law on Drug Abuse Analysis and Interpretation V. .. 29

-. .33_ General ProfC'ssional''Guidelines .

Proceeding; AMA House of Delegates 35

Poison Preention 39

Commo Poisonous Plants 43 s Technical Terms .. 47

/ .

../ Slang Terms 49

/ .

72 BIBLIOGRAPHY

GENERAL TEXTBOOKS

Diehl, Harold,S., et al. Health and Safety for You. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1969.

Unit three,.chapters 7, 8, and 9 deals with the use of tobacco, alcohol, and habit - forming. drugs. It stresses the individual's responsibility concerning the use of these subsEances upon weighing all the facts concerning the health' implications

Fodor, JohdT., et al,' A Healthier You. /fiver Forest, Illinois: Laidlaw BrOthers, 1974.

Chapter 10,of this textbook discusses marihuana, alcohol, and tobacco in depth stressing the short and long term effects of each and. Whysome people choose to use these substances: It also discusses ways to help people with dependency problems.

---. Your Health and Your Future. River,Forest, Illinois: Laidlaw Brothers, 1974.

Chapter 10 deals with the use and abuse of .the various drugs. It also discusses how to help people\ with drug dependency problemS and formulating ones.decision concerning the use or nonuse of such substances.

Miller, Benjamin F., et al. Investigating Your Health, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1971.

Unit four, chapters 12, 13, and 14 discusses the tobacco, alcohol, and drug habit. It delves in such topics as: Should You Smoke?; Alcoholism--A Serious Health Problem; Addiction can be Cured.

Richmond, Julius B., M.D., et al. Health and Growth: 7. GlenView, Illinois: Scott, Foresman aq,d Company, 1972.

O Unit eight poses the question of what do'you know about drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.. It discusses how drug use differs from drug abuse, alcohol and yoUng_people, and how much do you know about smoking.

TOBACCO

Paperback. Texts

Hoser, Norman W. et al. 'About You and Smoking. GlenView, Illinois: Scott,/i Foresman and Company, 1971.

. .. // This eight chapter book covers: The History of Tobacco and Its Use; Cigarette Smoke and Air -- What's in Meth far You?; The Lungs and ReSpiratbry System:. // The Heart,and Circulatory System; Illness, Pain, and-Death; The Cost of It/All;

What About Adults Who Smoke?; and So What About You? .

1

d Needle, Richard H. Basic Concepts of Tobacco'and Smoking. River Forest, Illinois: Laidlaw Brothers, 1975.

This book has seven chapters that discussessuch topics as: Smoking in our Society; The Social and Emotional Sidesof Smoking; Some Facts About Tobacco; How Smoking Affects the Body; Smokingand Health; Economic, Social, and Safety Problems of Smoking; and Making YourDecisions.

Spillane, Robert, Dr. You and Smoking. New York: Rampo House, 1970.

This book consists of four, chapters dealingwith: Attitudes Towards the Use of Tobacco; Psychosocial Factors Related toTobacco Use; Smoking Research and Repbrts; and Smoking Among HighSchool Students.'Also in the book there are . 9 suggested aids and activities concerning this topic.

Booklets and Pamphlets

Department'of Health, Education, and Welfare. Cigarette Smoking. Washington, Publication. Number (HSM) D. C.: U. S...GovernmentPrinting Office,1971. 71-9064.

Department of Health, Education,and Welfare. No Smoking--A Kit of Pamphlets - (You Can Quit Smoking; Smoking,Health,''and You; Your Teenage Children and Smoking; A Light on the Sub,ect ofSmoking;.: Why Nick is Nobody's Friend) Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office,1966.*

and Health. Smoking and U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory Committee on Smoking Additional reports Health. Princeton, New Jersey: Van Nostrand., 1964. issued under the main title of The HealthConsequences of Smoking...in 1967, 1968, 1969,-1971, 1972, 1973.

ALCOHOL'

Teacher Reference Books

Chafetz, Morris E. and Demone, Harold W. Alcoholism and, Society. New York: Oxford University- Press, Inc., 1962.

This book provideS an excellent background inhelping one to understand the alcoholic. It discusses causes of alcoholism and reviewsvarious theories and previous work, drinking and alcoholismin'different cultures. contemporary alcohol- ism programs, and concepts of alcohol prevention..Dr. Chafetz, who was on the nnow (1975) director,. - staff at, Harvard at the time the book was written, is National Institute on and Alcoholism.

Mann, Marty. Marty Mann Answers Your Questions About Drinking and Alcoholism. New York: Holt, - Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1970.

This book provides answers to basic questions which and important to everyone regardless of age, drinking habits, degree of involvement,with alcoholism'orN potential involvement. Marty Mann is founder and director of the National Council on AlCoholism.

2 Mann, Marty. New Primer on Alcoholism. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 'Inc., 1958.

The 15 chapters in this book cover alcoholism'and its causes, hoW to tell if someotie is an alcoholic, routes to treatment. and recovery,.organizationswhich help, how to help an alcoholic, and what an alcoholic can do for himself. This book, which is liberally interspersed with case studies, has-becomea'classic in the field.

Paperback Texts

Ames, Maurice, Dr, You and Alcohol. (Choose for Yourself) New York: Ramod

4 House, Inc., 1970.

This seven chapter paperback hook deals with, alcohof in respect to mental health; effects on the liody; psychology and alcoholism; a medical problem; prevention and .treatment, research and needs; and cheMistry.

Needle, Richard H. and Hill, Austin E. Basic Concepts of Alcohol. River Forest, Illinois: Laidlaw Brothers, 1972.

The contents of this paperback text are divided into seven chapters which are headed: Drinking in Our Society; The Social and Emotional Sidesof Drinking`; Some Facts. About Alcohol; How Alcohol Affects the Body; Alcohol andHealth; Economic, Social, and Safety Problems of Drinking; and Making YourDecisions About Drinking.

Boolcleta and Pamphlets

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. First Special Report to the-U. S. Congress on . Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Offi4e;.December 1972. . _

---. Second Special Report to the U. S./Congress on Alcohol andHealth. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government.Printing'Office, June 1974.

. Alcohol--Some.Questions and Answers. Rockville, Md.:" Government Printing Office, 1971. Publication NUmher (HU) 71-9048. ,

/ _ ---. Thinking About Drinking. Washington', D.-C.: Government'Printing Office, 1972. Publication Number (IISM) 72-9076.

Detour -- Alcoholism he-ad, --L nQ GoV'e, Illinois: Kemper Insurance Group, 1972.

Kellerman, Joseph L. Guide for the Family of, the alcoholic. Ibilg Grove; Illinois: Kemper Insurance Group; 1972.

National Association of Blue Shield Plan. The Alcoholic American. Blue Shield of Utah, 1972.

. 0- National Institute,of MentalHealth/National Institute on-Alcohok Abuse and Alcoholism. Alcohol and Alcoholism: Problems, Programs, and Progress. Washington, D. C.: Government Printing, Office, 1972. Publication Number.

(HSM) 72-9127. /

Rouse, Kenneth A. The Way to GO. Long Grove, Illinois: Kemper. Insurance Group, 1972.

CONTROLLED DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES

Paperback Texts

Austrian, Geoffrey. 'The Truth About Drugs. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, 1971.

Approaches the drug problem as one that cannot be ignored. Throughput the book there are numerous statements from users, friends of users, physicians,and public officials concerning various aspects of drugs. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1969. Cohen, Sidney, M.D. The Drug Dilemma. New York: perspectives; Book is made up of numerous topicsunder drug abuse insights and and practices. clefinitions; programs of preventionand intervention; and. principles It also has a topic on alcoholand one on cigarettes. More teacher oriented.

Evanston,, Illinois: Lieberman, Mark. The'Dope Book - -All About Drugs. McDougal, Little and Company,1971 AZtepted drugs, the medicine' Geared towards the studentsand it' discusses the concludes with "Is ThisTrip Really trip; marijuana,hallucinogens, heroin, and of facts and figures;.however, it does give Necessary?" Not filled with a lot fine details as tothe effects of the drugs. . 0 Resource Book for DrugAbuse Education, National Institute of MentalHealth. U. Si GovernmentPrinting Office, 1971'. Second Edition. Washington, D. : drug abuse insights andperspectives; Book is made uy of numeroustopics under and principles and definitions; programs ofprevention and intervention; alcohol-and one on cigarettes. More teacher practices. It also has a topic on oriented. New York: Rampo House, 1970. Snevlin, Gilbert, Dr. You and Narcotics. with specific ch pters on: Dangers of DrugAbuse Covers the various drugs give discussion questionsat the reve tion, Treatment,and Control.. It dops 'end of each chapter Strategy Council on Drug Abuse. Federal Strategy for Drug Abuse and Drug Traffic Prevention, 1973. Washington, D. C., 1973.

Contains the Strategy Council's. report. to thePresident. It provides an. in-depth study of drugs and specific - federal proposalsincluding education and information. as an approach to dtug abuseprevention.

Summer, Edwatd D., et al. Basic Concepts of Drugs: Their Use and Abuse. River Forest, Illinois: Laidlaw Brothers0975.

This book discusses:.Drugs in Society; Some Facts About Drugs; Various Aspec,ts of Drug Abuse; Effects of Abused Drugs; Drug Abuse and-Health;Economic, Social, and Safety Effectsqof Drug Abuse; and Making Your Decision. It also uses "think for yourself" type qUestions throughout the book andcheckup questions at the end of each chapter. '

Booklets and Pamphlets

Bureau of Narcotics and DangerousDrugs/U. S. Department of Justice. Drugs of Abuse. Washington, D. C.: U. S,-Government Printing Office, 1972.

:Glossary of Terms in''the Drug Culture. Washingto , D. C.: X. S. Govern- ment Printing Office, 1972.

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. LSD--Some Questions and Answers, Narcotics - (71-9030); MarijuanaSome Questions'and Aswers, (71-9029); ; .Some Question's 'and Answers,.(71-9022).; Passages on DrugAbuse from Black Literature, (15 pamphlets); Sedatives--Some Questionsand Answe'rs', (71-9027); Stimulants- -Some Questions and Answers, (71- 9026); VolatileSubstances--Some Questions and Answers, (71-9028. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1971.

Dohner, V. Alton, M.S., M.D. Alternatives to Drugs--A New Approach to Drug Education. Baywood Publishing Company, Inc., 1972.

Education U.S.A. (Special Report). Drug Crisis:" Schools Fight Back with Innovative Programs. Washington, D. C.: National School Public Relations. Association, 1971.

Executive Office of the President, Special ActionOffice for Drug Abuse 'Prevention. Questions and Answers About-Drug Abuse. Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1972.

National.Foundation for theMarch of Dimes. The Abusable Drugs: What every Parent Should Know. 'Milwaukee, Wisconsin: The A.S.T.I.C. Corporation, 1972.

National Association of Blue ShieldPlans. Drug Abuse:0 The Chemical Cop -out. Blue Shield /Bl1.ie Cross of Utah, 1971:

Read, Donald A. Drugs and People. Boston, Masv --- Allyn and Bacon, Inca, 1972.

77 TEACHERS' REFERENCES

Additional Sources for Informational Material on Alcohol, Tobacco, andControlled Dangerous. Substances.

Alcoholics Anonymous - District of Columbia and Maryland Headquarters- Washington Area Intergroup Association (WAIA) 453Q Connecticut Avenue; LW., Apt. 107 Washington, D. C. 20008 Telephone Number: 244-2274

Alcoholics Anonymous and/or A-A World. Services, Inc. P.O. Box 459 Grand Central Annex New York, New.York 10017.

Al-Anon and Alateen Answering S rvice Telephone Number: 347 -8901 (24 h urs/Day)

American Cancer Society Montgomery County Unit 344 University Boulevard, West Silver Spring; Maryland 20901 Telephone Number: 593-3055

American Lung Association 1740 Broadway New York, New York10019

American Medical. Association Committee on Alcoholism and Drug Addiction 535 North Dearborn Street Chicago, Illinois 60610

American Medical Association (Local Chapter) 1776 K Street, N.W. Washington, D. C. 20006

Bureau of Narcotics and. Dangerous Drugs 31 Hopkins Place, Room 955 Baltimore, Maryland 21201

Center of Alcohol Studies Publications Division Rutgers The StateUniversity New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903

District of Columbia Lung Association 1714 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W.

Washington,_ D. C.'-20036 .

7 Lung Association of Mid-Maryland. 170 Rollins Avenue Rockville, Maryland 20852 Telephone Number: 881-6852

Montgomery County Heart Association 7847 Old Georgetown Road Bethesda, Maryland 'Telephone Number: 657-8878

Narcotic Education P.O. Box 4390. WashingtonD. C.;20012

National Cancer Institute U. S. Public Health Service Office of Cancer Communications 9000 Rockville Pike Building 31, Room 10A17 Bethesda, Maryland 20014 Telephone Number: 496-6641 Information Office

National Clearinghouse for Alcohol.Info.Kmation 9119 Gaither Road Gaithersburg, Maryland 207601 Telephone Number: 948-4450

National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information Rockwell Building, Room 108 11400 Rockville Pike Rockville, Maryland 20852

National Clearinghouse for Smoking and Health 1600 Fltston Road, N.E. AtlanEa, Georgia 30333 Telephone Number: 404-633-3311

National Institute-cin Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 5600 Fisher's Lane Rockville, Maryland 20652 Telephone Numbers: 443-3306 and 444-3860

Superintendent of Documents U.S.. Government Printing Office Washington, D. C. 20402

The Washington Area Council on Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, Inc'. (WACADA) 1330 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W. WaShington, D. C. 20036 Telephone Number: 466-2323

7;)

8 PRETEST A: ALCOHOL

Please circle the correct response.to each of the following items:

1. True or False Ethyl alcohol is a substance formed frOm sugar-andsearches by the process called fermentation.

2 True or False A beverage containing 40% alcohol is about 80 proof.

3. True or False Although the abusive use of ethyl alcohol may cause alcohol- ism and other community problems, it is difficult to ipate, alcohol production because alcoholics would suffer .severe withdrawal symptoms.

4; True or False As a food, alcohol provides energy for the functions of the body.

5. True or False Alcohol must be digested to be absorbed into the cirrlatory system.

6. True or False Even small amounts of alcohol can cause harmful effectsin the body.

7. True or False One reason which leads young people to drink alcoholic.

beverages is that their parents drink. .

8. TrUeor False It is estimated that over two-thirds of all Americanpeople over age twenty use alcoholic beveragesin some form.

physically or 9. True or False .A person who is addicted to alcohol either psychologically is called an alcoholic.

antialcoholic 10. True or False To treat alcoholism, doctors sometimes use an medication which causes the patient to become violentlyill if he drinks alLohol.

11. True or False The minimum age for distilled liquor consumption in Montgomery County i8 21.

12. True or False During Prohibition, the consumption of all alcoholic beverages. stopped. 14

132° True or False An individual is affected in the same way each timehe drinks.

14. True or False' Alcohol is a drug.

15. True or False. Because alcohol is a stimulant, it tends to pep a person up.

16. True or False Alcoholic beverages can be fattening.

17. True or False -A person can die of alcoholic poisoning.

8U 9 18.. rue or False A11 alcOhnlic beyerages are equally strong.

t. 19. 'True or False Liquor taken straight will effect you faster.thamliquor mixed with water or soda,

'20: True or False Switching drinks will make you drunker than staying with one kind of alcoholic bever4ge.

,21. True or False You can sober up quickly by drinking black coffee and '--dousing your head with cold water.

22. True or False Drunkenness and alcoholism are the same thing.

23. True or False Anyone who drinks is likely to become an alcoholic person. k, 24. True or False Alcoholic individuals can be helped.

25. True or False There are no beneficial - .uses. Of alcohol.

4'

10

cx POSTTEST A. ALCOHOL

Please select the ONE BEST response to each of the following items:,,

1. Which of the'following is nota.property of ethyl alcohol?

A. tasteless C.- volatile B. colorless D. -inflammable

2. Ethyl alcohol is a substance formed from sugar and starches by the procesS- . called

A. distillation C. photosynthesis B. fermentation ',D. mastication

3. A by-product of alcohol formation is

A. C. carbon monoxide B. oxygen D. carbon dioxide

4. Alcohol is classified as a

A. stimulant C.

'B. depressant . D.

5. A beverage containing 40%.* alcohol is about proof.

. A. 20 C. 80 B. 40 D. 100

6. Beverage alcohol of high alcoholic content requires a process called

A. distillation C. photosynthesis B. fermentation D. mastication

7. Although the use of ethyl alcohol may be abused and cause alcoholism and related community problems, it is difficult to remove alcohol from use

because ' ,,./.

/i. It is an essential pro-duct in industry. /B. Alcoholics would suffer severe withdrawal symptoms. /C. Taverns would be forced to close, producing mass unemployment.

D. None of the above. . 7-

8. Alcohol provides which are used'in carrying out body functions.

A. protein C. vitamins B. mineral D. energy

9. Which of the following doeS not influence the effect alcohol has on the b dy?,

A. the amount of alcohol B. size of individual C. q.he grain from which the alcohol was obtained D. the amount of food in the stomach

11 10. The breakdown of alcohol takes place in the

A. stomach / C.- diver 'B. duodenum. D. kidney

Alcohol must be before it can be absorbed.

A. chewed C. .1.digested B. swallowed D. none of these

12 Which of the following has .the highest percentage of alcohol?

beer. C. whiskey B, wine D. hard cider

13.. A person who is addicted to alcohol either physically orpsychologically is called a(n) 3

A. vagrant C. drunk B. alcoholic, D. psychotic

14. CirhOsis isa disease,ofthe

A. pancreas C. gall bladder B.' liver D. central nervous system

15, Drinking-alcohol causes dilation of blood vessels which in turn causes

A. loss of heat C. a lowering of blood pressure 6 B. a feeling of warmth D. all of; these

Alcohol causes red blood cells to

A. ,decrease in number C clwup;together B. increase in number D take/on more. iron Montgomery County is 17. The minimum legal age for alcohol consumptioniin

A. 16 C. 21 t. 18 D. 25 // . the absorptioncrate of 18. Which of the following is most likely to slow down ) alcohol in the body? / v . c

A. exercising C. drinking ina relaxed atmosphere B. food in the stomach D. nose of these

i

19. Alcohol is a

A. food C. depressant B. drug D. all of these

12 ,

fx 20.. Alcohol affects

A. all parts of the body C. only brin, liver, and muscles' B. only heart, liver, stomach D. pancreas, intestines, kidneys

21. Which of the following will be absorbed fastest?

04 A. Sco,tch.and'aoda C. Gin and tonic B. Rum and coke D. Martini

3 22. Which of the following will sober you the quickest?

A. black coffe C. dousing your head in cold water B. taking a walk D. none of the above respOnses

23. Of the following age groups, which would'be affeCted most by alcohol?

A. 12-15 C. .19-21 B. 16-18 D. 22 and over

24. Which of the following may have physiological dependency?

A. social drinker C. drunk B. alcoholic D. boozer

25. Which of the following is used as an alcoholic beverage?

A. methyl alcohol C. isopropyl alcohol B. ethyl alcohol D. rubbing alcohol

fa

8 4 13 PRETEST B: TOBACCO

Please circle the correct response to each of thefollowing items.

The tobacco which is used in cigarettes comesfrom the ' 1. True or False leaves of the tobacco plant.

until 2. True or. False- Tobacco'smoking was not known to have harmful effects the 20th century.

3. True or False Nicotine is classified'as a depressant.

CI eliminated.or destroyed by the'body within 4. True or False ,e'Ail nicotine is 24 hours after one stops smoking..

that cigarette 5. True br False There is little evidence, available to prove smoking increases the chance Of lung cancer.

F:etigue is relieved by smoking primarily becausesmoking 6. True or False -!stiTulates the,adrenal glands which in turn increases the blood sugar leirel.

.- increase. 7. True or'False Tobacco sinking causes the skin temperatures to cigarettes. 8./Trueor False Filter cigarettes are not as harmful as nonfilter cigar,or pipe 9. True or False Cigarettes are more harmful to the body than smoking.

than to the young. T r False Smoking is more harmful'to the elderly 10. - 11. True oralse Cigarette smoking can be addictive. is decreased from 12. True or Fals After smoking a cigarette, blood pressure 'N the dilation of the blood vessels.

associatedT.4th 13. True or False Lung cancer is the only serious disease smoking.

14. True or False 'Smoking is not a health hazard for women.

her or,fffot you have smoked a long time, yourrisks go 15. True or False

down when you quit. , Ft don't inhale. 16. True or False Thereis no risk in smoking cigarettes if you quit smoking. 17. True. or False Some people gain weight when they without getting the 18. True or False Some people can smoke a few cigarettes habit.

Cf

f.) 8 ) 14 19, True or False The report to the Surgeon General of the U. S.PuBlic Health Service on Smoking and Health left some doubts that smoking really is harmful, 4

20. 'True or False Young smokers aren't necessarily "hookedby the cigarette habit.

F

t.

V

4.

ti

L5 A

POSTTEST B: TOBACCO

Please select the ONE BEST answer to each of thefollowing items.

of the 1. The tobacco which is usedin cigarettes COWS from.the- Pobacco plant.

A. flower C. leaves. B. root D. stems. . A .

. 0 2. was not shown to have harmful effects untilthe century.r

A. 17th C. 19th B. 18th D. 20th

(an) 3. Nicotine, which comes from tobacco, is sometimes. used as a

A. fertilizer B. preservative D. pain ky.ler

~usually produces death 4. The amount of nicotine present in when placed on the gums of A dog.

A.- one'cigarette C. five cigarettes B. one pack of cigarettes D. none of these

. Nicotine is classified'asNa

A. depressant . hallucinogen B. stimulant D. volatile chemical

6." All nicotine is: eliminated or destroyed by the bodywithin

A. 1 hour C. 24 hours B.6 hours D. 48 hour.

. , the chance of 7. There isedVIdence that cigarette smoking increases

A. kidney cancer C. lung cancer B. heart disease D. all of these 6 - 6 because stoking stimulates the 08. Fatigue is relieved by smoking primarily level. which in turn increase(s) the6. blood sugar

A. adrenal glands' C. liver ' B. pancreas D. all of ' these

found in tobacco smoke'? 9. Which one of. the following is not .

C. arsenic A. formaldehyde . R. cyanide D. strychnine 10. Tobacco smoke causes the skin,temperature to

A. decrease C. remain constant B. increase D. fluctuate

11. Which of the following methods reduces the harmfuleffects,of smoking?

7A. choose a cigarette with less tar and nicotine B. only smoke the cigarette halfway C. take fewer puffs D. all of the aboVe responses

12. Which of the following is least harmful to thebody?

A. nonfilter cigarette& B. filter cigarettes C. hand-rolled cigarettes D. smoking one -half of a cigarette

13. Which Of the following is most harmful to thebody?

1 A. cigars C. cigarettes B. pipes D. snuff

14. Smokingis most harmful to

A. the elderly C. young adults B. adults D. teenagers

15. Nicotine poisoning produces such symptoms as

A. rapid pulse C. vomiting B. dizziness D. all of these

a. result of 16. Smoking one cigarette will increase the blood pressure as

both A and B A.,1 constriction of blood vessels C. B. increased heart rate D. neither A nor B

o 17. The results of the first SurgeonGeneral's report:

A. showed a definite decrease In the consumptionof cigarettes B. increased the taxation on cigarettes health C. stated that cigarette smoking,was detrimental to your D. shoWed there may be a relationship between smokingand occupations

18. Cigarette smoking

< C. decreases the heart beat A'. increases the appetite all of the above 'responses B. decreases fatigu D.

17 8d V 19. Cigarette smoking has the most direct, affect on the:

A. respiratory system C. excretory system B. circulatory system D. digestive system

20. When a person's body craves a smoke due to the adjustment ofthe.body.to nicotine, we say this individuaZ has':

A. the "smoking habit" C. psychological dependency B. the "tobacco habit" D. an emotional dependency

18

q 8 PRETTEST C: CONTROLLED DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES

Please circle the correct response to each f th,efalowing items.

milky juice of the Indian hemp plant. 1. True or False Opium is formed from the

E 2. 'True or False Morphine is classified as a hallucinogenbecause of its dull- ing effect on the central nervous system.

\ sniffing. 3. True or False Heroin can be introduced into the body by

in weigh 4. True or False Depressant drugs are,useful Medically to aid reduction.

if an overdose 5. .True or False ,Aspirin is dangerous because.it can be fatal is taken.

doctor's presCription. 6. True or False Heroin is legally obtained with a juice. 7. True or False Caffeine, a stimulant, is found in frozen orange

-medically\to induce sleep. 8. True or False Amphetamines are used

True or false Studentsoften use "pep pills" to prevent sleep.

Amphetamines are stimulants which are'distilledfrom a 10. True or False . browri resin secreted by the .

bark and stets of the 11. True or False Marijuana is derived from the dried female Indian hemp plant.

result of varia- 12. True-or False The effects of marijuana do notvary as a tions in it strength..

addictive, it produces 13. True or False Since marijuana is not physically ono withdrawal'symptoms.

ability to produce 14. True or False LSD, when taken into the body, has the hallucinations.

15_ True or False One reason LSD is considereddangerous is the possible recurrence of a trip.

LSD must be taken in large quantities toproduce'a 16. True or False n satisfactory high.-

clearer images 17. True or False. Mescaline produces hallucinations which are of what one actually sees.

.-18%.; 'Irma or False Glue is classified As a volatilechemical.

19. 19.,True or False Volatile chemicals are introduced into the body by inhalation.

20. True or False Volatile chemicals may produce death from.suffocation.

21. TrUe or False Barbiturates'are a type of "pep pill:"

22. True or False Cocatne and coca come from the same plant. N 23.:True or False Experiments with LSD show that its use causes definite chromosomal damage.

24. True or False Opium,,morphine, heroin, and codeine are all derived from the` same plant.

25. True or False Death may result from use of barbiturates,either from overdose or sudden withdrawal.

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20

C 9i -0 0 POSTTEST C: CONTROLLED DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES

Please select the ONE BEST answer to each of the following items.

1. OpiuM'is formed from the milky juice of the opium

A. hemp Co. poppy B. coca leaf D. sunflower

2. Morphine is clasSified as a because of its dulling effect on the central nervous system. 0

A. stimulant C. hallucinogen . B. depressant D. volatile,chemical

Heroin is introduced into the body by

A. sniffing or rubbing it intothe'mucoue membranes of the nose

S. B. injecting it intravenously C. both A. and B. D. neither A. nor B

* 4. Depressant drugs are useful medicallyy to

A. aid in weight reduction . prevent sleep B. produce hallucinations relieve pain

5. Aspirin is dangerous because it

I A. can be fatal if an overdose is taken . C. is addictidg -B. produces euphoria D. produces anxiety

6. In this country heroin, as a drug,

A. is legal in some states B. can easily be obtained-with adoctor'S prescription C. is illegal CP D. is of great medical value

7. affeine, a stimulant of the medulla, is, found in

A. cola C. Milk-- B. cigarettes D. orange juice (frozen)

8. Amphetamines are used medically to

A."- induce sleep C. reduce weight B. prevent headache D. all of these

'21

9 2, 9. Students often use "pep pills." to

A. calm them after exams C. think m re clearly B. prevent sleep D.' improvejappetite

10. Amphetamines are stimulants which are° . e *.. extracted from the female hemp plant el B. distilled from a resin produced by a m shroom C.., man-made D. derived from a poppy

11. Marijuana is derived from the dried of the female Indian hemp plant.

A. roots and root hairs C. bark and stem B. flowering °tops and leaves D. all" of these

12.4'Which of the following is a characteristic of/marijuana?

A. Its effects' vary C. Its effects can recur B. Its. effects are consistent D. of these

13. Marijuana is

A. physically addictive nonaddictive B. psychologically addictive D/. a narcotic

14. LSD, wheiLtaken into the body, 'has the abirty to

A. induce sleep increase mental. alertness B. produce hallucinations calm an upset stomach

b , 15. LSD is considered dangerous because

A. of the possibility of a "' B. of the possible recurrencepf a t C. of possible violence or suicide D. all of these

16. Which of the following is not classifieds a hallucinogen?

A. marijuana C. eyote 13: antihistamines D. LSD

17. Mescaline produces hallucinations which re

A. bizarre visions of things whi-cdon't exist B. clearer iniagesof what one act ally sees C. feelings of intoxication D. feelings of depression

c.

22 ,18. Which, of the following is-not- a volatile chemical? ,

A. glue C. gasoline B. water D. heroin

19. Volatile chemicals are introduced into the body by

A. drinking C. sniffing' .D. . eating injecting

20. Volatile cheMicals.may produce

A. gleath from suffocation C. intoxication B., blurred vision D. all of these

21. Barbiturates are a form of ,.

A. pep pills 0 , C. depressants B. stimulants D. volatile chemicals

22. Cocaine is derived from

A. cocoa plant. C. poppy. B. coca plant D. cannabis, sativa

23. LSD is dangerous because of

A. chromosomal damage C. bad trip B. birth defects D. all of the above responses

24. Which of the following' drugs are derived from the,opium poppy?

A. morphine C. Codeine B. heroin D. all of the,above responses

25. Death may result from use of barbitUrates by

A. overdose C. both A and B. B. sudden withdrawal D. neither A nor B' TEST ANSWER KEYS

A: ALCOHOL B: TOBACCO C.: CONTROLLED DANGERdUS SUBSTANCES

Pretest Posttest Pretest Posttest - Pretest Posttest _

C 1. True 1. A 1. True 1. C 1. False 1. 2. True "Z. B 2. True 2, D 2. False 2. B 3. C 3. False 3. D 3. False 3. A 3. True D 4. True- 4'0B 4. True .4. B 4. False 4. 5. False 5. C . 5. False 5. B 5. True 5. A 6. True 6. A 6. True 6. C 6. False 6." C : 7. A 7, True 7. A 7. False 7. D 7. False C 8. True 8. D 8. True 8-. A 8. False 8. 9. B 9.. True 9. C 9. True 9. D 9. True False 10. C 10. True 10. C 10. False . 10. A , 10. 11. True 11. D 11. True 11. D 11. Fff1Se 11. B 12. False 12. C 12. False 12. D 12. False 12. A 13. False 13..B 13. False 13. C 13. True 13. B B 14. True 14. B 14. False' .14. D 14. True 14. 15. False 15. D 15. True 15..D r, 15. True 15. D B 16. True 16. C 16. False 16. C 16. False 16. 17. A 17. True 17. 'B 17. True 17..0 17. False 18. ,False 18. B 18. True 18. B 18. True 18. D 19. True 19. D 19. False 19. A 19. Tiue 19. C 20. False 20. A 20. True , , 20. B 20. True 20. D 21. False 21: D 21. False 21. C B 22. False 22. D 22. False 22. 23. False 23. A 23. False. 23. ,C 24. True 24. B- 24. True 24. D 25. True 25. C 25. False 25. ,,,B

24

9 I .MILEOF DRUG ( HARACI ERIVICS - . Cla3sification - . Drtrg Name lang Name Medical Use How Fake!) PotentialDependeLet or Phi. snal ComplicationsPhysical PotentialDependen.Psycho-logical for e ComplicationsPsy, chological SjmptomsWithdrawal . SymptomsLong-erm - (Examples) pain,Treatment diarrhea, of S mokt:d - *Addiction- . C.Ii I Op and cough (Inhaled) CNS at.pressant: Asocial and Addiction, , - Narcotics MorphineIleroinOpium M,II, SmackWhite stuff Horse - PamNone relic f Yes intellectualimpaired Yes TeaGlantisocial.- 10 Rs, ' Diarrhea,Vomiting, Constipation, 1 MethadoneCodeine Schoolboy' TakesCough placedepressant of - sniffed,SW allow or ed, . coordination,runctioning and Intoxication, Aches,Tremors, Loss of . (Synthetic') .. , Doll} , heroin injected Overdose Addiction Sweats appetite , Nembutal fellow jail :LAS , Treatment of . Drowsiness;Impaired(..:NS depressant; money,meg;Di% ersion y and of, Tremors, severeAddiction withdrawal with (Depressants)Barbiturates Seconal . Red Devils , Relieves highSedation,tension,insomnia and ,_ Sw pillsallow ur e its j des 1. s judgment,Coordinationreaction time, and . : Ye), AsocialAddiction,Habituation, and Delirium convulsions,possiblesymptoms, Phenobarbi al ' Phennies blood pressure, .4 , . - emotional e antisocial - G oo las anesthesiaInduction of AddictionOverdose:control; 'what ior Fox:.psychosis DeBerra. edrine Idne XmasDexiesBennies trees or . lepsy,obesity,Treatment fatigue, narco- of Swallowedorpills injected or capsules as in orNo, IYIalnutrition,contamination,Needle stimulants,-*CNS, a ApathyDepression, . ' Delusions,appetite,Loss of -(Stimulants)Amphetamines /Cocaine Methedrine/ Coke,Crystal snow or speed depressiontheAnesthesia eye, throat of Sniffedinjecteda vein or '. minimalsir }' Habituation,LossInsomnia, pf appetite, . . ' ors PsyeltosisIrritability,Restlessness, Addictionpsychs:Isis,ToxicHallticinations, I OverdoseRare , Visual Panic reactions, Swallowed as a card Mt ascular - imagery, . future trip ... Hallucinogens,- LSD I . Acid, sugar Experimental sugarcapsule,liquid, cube pill, or No AnxietyNausea:collapse:coordination; IMpaired Minimal.. Psychosis,PaParanoid nic, state, None drugwithout again taking - (Psychedelics) Psilocybin . Experimental Same as LSD No Minimal Sometimesconsciousness . - None . Not known. . Marijuana**Mescaline r' . tea,Pot,Cactus weed,grass, Experimental eatenSmoked,Same as LSD No Conjunctivitis,Bronchitis,Same as above ModerateMinimal Same as aboveexpansion'Anxiety,Confusion' - NoneNone Not knoknown wn **Also*CNS has stimulant and dePiessant characteristics Central Nervous S}stem Mary Jane - JudgmentImpairment of Aggressiveness . SYMPTOMS OF DRUG ABUSE' t,

I. Toxic - glue, paint, gasoline, nail polish remover

A. Odor of substance usually present on clothing, breath

B. Running, inflamed nose; eyes bloodshot and watering

C. Muscular incoordination, sleeplessness

D. Nausea, dizziness

E. Inebriation, euphoria

F. Death by asphyxiation and tissue deterioration

Pills, Tablets, and Capsules. Barbiturates; "Goofballs",--generally addictive

A. Initial symptoms

-1. Elation, tranquility, sense of well-being

Alcoholic-type intoxication except that breath is odorless

3. Pupils of eyes may be constricted and react to light

4. Lack of emotienal..stability, lack of interest, confu°Sion

5. Incoordination, sleepiness, mild hallucinations

B. Withdrawal symptoms Occur up to 24 hoUrs after last use of drug

1. Anxiety, weakness, loss of appetite, tremors, sleeplessness

2. Fever, vomiting, nervousness, uncontrolled tremors,. epileptic -like seizures

3. Symptoms intensify with time

4. Death - (The most commOnform of.death from diug abuse is overdose of depressants.)

III. Stimulants Amphetamines, "Speed" - generally nonaddictive

A. Hyperactivity, agitation, argumentativeness, nervousness, confusion, talkativeness

B. Headaches, dizziness, incoordination delirium, loss of appetite, sleeplessness

1. Winston Products for Education P.O. Box 12219, San Diego, California 92112 27 C. Pupils dilated, itchy nose, dry mouth and nose, bad bieath

D. Hallucinations, increased blood pressure and, pulse rate

E. Excessive doses or prolonged use. reverse the above'effects and will be followed by extreme fatigue and mental depression.

IV. Narcotics - Heroin, Demerol, Morphine, Cocaine

A.. Inhaling causes irritation of nostrils .0

B. Injecting: Tell-tale needle marks (tracks) and possible abcesses

C. Pupils pin-painted, lethargic, drowsiness

D. Withdrawal symptoms (See Barbiturates)

V,Hallucinogens LSD, STP, DMT, DET, Psilocybin,Teyote, Morning-Glory Seeds, Marijuana

A. Early Symptoms

1. High activity, talkativeness, giggling, changes in mood or behavior, extreme fear of discovery, hot and cold flashes 4

2. Depth, sight, and sound perceptual changes.Hallucinations can cause extreme terror and/or dreamy, trance-like state.. 0. 3. Pupila of eyes widely dilated intense hunger for sweets

4. UneXpected"reactions to normal situations

B. Later'Stages

Drowsiness, extreme depression

(Note: Users can-experience complete persOn4ity changes, including suicidal tendencies, nervous breakdowns, and psychotic behavior.)

28 9 6. MARYLAND LAW ON DRUG ABUSE ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

Definitions - Youth and the Law

Montgomery County, Maryland.

Article 26, Section 70-1 defines'

Minor as a person who has'not reached his 18th birthday2

Child as apeison who has not reached his 18th birthday

Adult as a person who has reached his 18th birthday

Deliquent act means an act which is in violation of Article 66%, any other) traffic violation, or any act which would be a'crime if done by a person who is not a child.

Child in need of supervision means a child

(1) subject to compulsorTschool attendance who is habitually and without justification truant, from school. (2) without substantial f'ault on the part of his parents, guardian, or other custodian, who Is habitually disobedient, ungovernable, and beyond their control. 4-12- '(3) who so deports himSelf-as to injure himself or others. (4) requires guidance, treatment, or rehabilitation.

Alcoholic Beverages

It is a Misdemeanor

(1) for a minor to purchase alcoholic beverages; (2) for a minor to misrepresent his'age in order to obtain.liquor; (3) for a person over 18 toobtain liquor for a,minor when a minor's age is known;. (4) for a person to miSrepresent a minor's age in order that .a licensed inn- keeper or restaurant sell liquor to a minor; (5) for any petcson to consume or give liquor to any person on school ground; .and (6) for any person to.appear in Tublic'in an intoxicated, disorderly condition.

Tobacco

It is unlawful and a misdemeanor for any dealer, or any person who la not a dealer, to sell or give any cigar, cigarette, smoking :or chewing tobacco to any minor.under the age of 15 years, unless authorized in writing by parent,or guardian, or unless the minor is sole agent of[his employer.

Smoking

Pupils of Montgomery County Public Schools are prohibited:,from using tobacco'in any form in the school building. Areas are provided on the school grounds, for this purpose.

2. Annotated code of thePublic Laws of Maryland, 1973,-Effected July 1. 29 9 /

MARYLAND LAW ON DRUG ABUSE ANALY IS AND INTERPRETATIONS3

. Students Seekin Advice from Educators for Abuse ProhlemS

.1. Maryland law encoUrages anti protects thos students whoseek information from teachers on'how to overcome drug abus: problems.

2. Whenever a student seeks information for ove oming a drug problem from any educator (teacher, counselor, or other pu *1 services specialist, administrator), no statement made by the studen or obsrations made by the educator during the information/counseling s ssion is admi§sible in any proceeding. This means no criminal convictio or school disciplinary action can result from what was said or done during this conference beteen the student and educator.

3. EdUtators who,meet with students are under no legal du y,to inform the parents of.that student about his or her.viSit or drugbuse problem.

4. The law further states that educators cannot be. compelled by the school administration or other authorities to divulge the identit of any student who seeks drug abuse infortation.

.

. Student SeekinTreatment from Medical Personnel for Dru: Abuse P blems

1. Any young person, including those under eighteen.years of age, y be treated by a physician for any form of drug abuse without his or er parent's consent. The treating physician is Under no legal duty t inform the parents of.any minor undef his treatment fot drug abuse

. Whenever -a person seeks counseling Or treatment for drug abuse from a physician, psychologist, hospital, or authorized drug abuse program, n criminal convictionsmay ensue from the contents of those sessions.

3. The law guarantees that any statement made by a person seeking help or any observation made by the one treating him is not admissible in court or in any other proceeding. ,

C. Drug Violations' Under Criminal Law

1. It is unlawful to distribute (to transfer, with or without the exchange . of money) any drug which is defined as a controlled dangerous substanCe. This crime is a felony and is punishable on the first convictiOn,by a maximum of 20 years imprisonment. and /or a maximum fine of $25,000 if a ,narcotic drug is involved, and five years and/or $15,000, if a non: narcotic.drug.

2. It is unlawful, to possess (to have control over) any drug defined as a controlled dangerous substance. This crime is a misdemeanor and punish- able or the first' conviction by a maximum of four years imprisonment. Possession of marijuana is punishable on the first conviction by a maxi- mum of one year imprisonment, or a maximum fine of$1,000, or both.

3. Montgomery County Public'Schools. Guidelines for Educators in Drug Abuse Counseling, 1971.

30 1 00 3. It is unlawful to distribute or possess controlledparaphernalia. '.'Paraphernalia" includes hypodermic/syringes, needlealorother instrU- ments used to administer drugs, -as well as gelatin capsules\ glassin envelopes, and other packaging or equipment intended to be lied intle distribution of drugs. This crime is'a misdemeanor and punishable o the .first conviction by a maximum of four years imprisonment.

4. Second and subsequent convictions 'under Maryland's drug lawsare punish- able by a maximum of double the'sentence for first convictions. of\tat offense,

When any person is convicted of a first offense under Maryland's drug .\\ laws, the court in its discretion may place the defendanton probation \\ without yinding a verdict of guilty. Upon successful completion of the term ofp6bation by the-defendant, the court shall discharge ghe pro- ceedings and order all. criminarrecords be expunged.

4

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31 . 101 GENERAL-PROFESSIONAL GUIDELINES4

\A. A Every case in which a student seeks counseling or information from .a pTofes- . sional educator for the purpose of overcoming drug abuse must be handled on an individual basis, which will depend upon the nature: and particulars of the subject case. In determining what procedures might be appropriate, the educator from whom such information is sought-shall_consider the following

. factors:

'1. Age of student 2. Type of drug 3. Intensity of involvement; 4. Sincerity of.student and willingness to undertake appropriate treatment , 5. Resources available 6. Parental involvement

B. As in any good helping relationship, the educator at the earliest appropriate time is encouraged to discuss the availability of other sources, his profes- sional limitations, and the desirability of parental involvement. Decisions to include parents should be made jointly by the student and educator, unless in the judgment of the ducator, the mental or physical health of the child is immediately and dangerously threatened.

C. The new,law on confidentiality places no duty on the part of educators to inform parents, administrators, or law enforcement personnel, of the identity of students seeking help for overcoming drug abuse problems.

. While confidentiality is a major -force in. enhancing help-seeking by current or potential drug abusers, educators are cautioned to obtainprofessional medical advice or to refer the student to the appropriate available'medical'- facility, if there is. an immediate and dangerOug:threat to the student's.* physical or mental health., As in the performafice of any 'professional role, failure to act reasonably in a drug counseling case may subject the educator to, civil liability.

E. Examples of immediate and dangerous threats o a student's health are: loss of consciousness, severe intoxication, inability to communicate coherently, or threat.of-suicide.

F. When an educator comes into possession of a substance suspected to be a-drug, the material should be placed in the custodi, of the principal who will con- tact the appropriate law enforcement agency When such suspected substances are received by any member of the school faculty, the following stepsshould A be taken:

1.. Immediately place t e substance in an envelope,or.other container and label thle container With date, time, and circumstances. NOTE: When such substances re acquired by an educator during a counseling/

4. Montgomery. County Public Schqol.Guidelines for Educators in Drug Abuse Counseling, 1971.

P

33 102 information-seeking conference, the name,of the student shouldnot, be indicated.. In all other instances where an educator comes into possession-of drugs; the namepof the individual should be carefully noted.

2. Do not taste the suspected substance under any circumstances.

3. At the earliest opportunity, turn the material over to the prinCipal who in turn will. keep it under lock and key,

4. The principal or person holding the substance in every case should 'notify the local or state police and turnover all substances.to the police.

5. The educator should obtain'a receipt from the principal for the suspected 'drug. It should iffeltide a statement as to the quantity .turned over. It shobld be remembered that to authority has been given to any school personnel to possess any prohibited drug or paraphernalia except during transfer to proper authorities. (See Public School.Laws of Maryland--Bylaw--Reporting 0rimes.t)

Helping role contacts with students seeking to overcome a,drug problem should be held on School premises whenever possible.

H. If an educator feels he'is incapable of providing adequate help-for a student or feels his counseling can no longer benefit the student, the educatorand student should cooperatively. seek additional professional help from available . sources.

I. Any written information pertaining to or about the inforMation-seeking/ counseling session should be regarded as the personal notes of the educator. No record should be kept in any official school file or folder.

,1,1 All educators should have.access to a.list of available resources in their community where students with drug problems may be referred for help. (It would also be beneficial to have 'in'eadh school a drug resource person who- could'act as a sharing person to aid an educator involved in counseling a drug-involved Student.)

K. In the general classroom situation, teachers should not attempt to diagnose symptoms of drug abuse. Because of the difficulty of determining such symptoms, it is suggested that if a,student is physically or mentally incapable of functioning properly in class, he should be sent to the school health facility where the usual school health referral procedures should be followed.

*Reporting Crimes: State Board of Education Bylaw 742:1, Public School Laws of 'Maryland, page 350, 1970 edition.

"1. School officials shall promptly report to the responsible law enforce- ment agencies all police matters coming to their attention whether occur- ring on, or away from the school premises which involve pupils attending the particular school."

(As it is unlawful to distribute or possess controlled dangerous substances and prescription drugs without proper authority, these matters would be con7 sidered "police matters.") 34 PROeEEDINGS. AMA HOUSE OF DELEGATES `JUNE 18 -22, 1972 -' REPORT OF THE.BOARU OF TRUSTEES'

Zeport: J (A-72)

Subject: Marihuana 1972

Presented,by: Max H. Parrott, M.D., Chairman

Referred to: Reference Committee E (P. John Robechek, M.D., Chairman)

J-1OUSE ACTION: ADOPTED AS-AMENDED

Introduction

In view of the dramatic rise in marihuana use in the United States in recent years, the Council on Mental Health and theOommittee on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence of,the American Medical,Association have continued to review evidence obtained from scientific research into the drug. The AMA's policy statement on Marihuana was issued in December 1969, with the instructions that study and eval- uation be continued. _a,

Because of heightened public interest in marihuana and the amount of research conducted.since that time, the Council and Committee are recommending the adoption of this statement as reflective of the most .recent scientific findings. Such findings have been reported in three documents: (1) The Use of Cannabis, Report of a WHO Scientific Group, 1971; (2) Marihuana and Health, Second Annual Report to Congress from the Secretary of Health, Education, andWelfare, 1972; and (3) Marihuana: A Si nal of Misunderstandin , First Report of the. National Com- mission on Marihuana and,Drug Abuse, 1972.

Marihuana, as used in the, United States, is derived usually,from the leaves and flowering tops of the female cannabis plant. The plant develops a resinous .material which incorporates, the active pharmacological principles. This resin can be extracted from the.dried tops of theplant, leaves and flowers. It may be pulverized and smokedWith or without admixture with tobacco. Smoking is the typical method of administration in the United. States, although oral ingestionis, not uncommon.

The principal active ingredients of cannabis resin are cannabinols, especially tetrahydrOcannabinols (THC) which exist in several isomeric forms. The precise mechanism by which these ingredients induce effects of the drug in.man is still not known. .4

. Past House Action: A-71:188-189; C-70:111-112; A-70:2414242; C-69:163-164,246. Scientific Findings on Marihuana

Cannabis, as a psychotropit substance, acts on the central nervous system. As Guth all psychoactive drugs,',its effects are a function of the complex inter play among the physiological and' psychological status of the drug taker, the amount and potency of the drug substance, and the frequency and mode of adminis- tration. The lower the dose taken,, the less intense and significant the physical and 'Psychological effects will be. As the dose increases, so will these effects. The effects of smoking hashish, a highly potent fo.6 of cannabis, are markedly different from the effects of marihuana as currently used in the United States.

ImpOrtant'Ltoo are the setting in which the drug is taken, the influence of others present and the expectation of drug effects by the user. While these factors play a role in any.psychoactive substance use, they are especially per- -tinent to the way marihuana i§,used in the United States at the present time. comparison with other psychoactive substances, when dose and frequency are constant, there is.an apparent wider variation of effects from individual to individual, or even in the'same individual at different times.

Unless otherwise indicated, the term "marihuana" in this report refers to the'comparativley low-dose content of the active -chemical substances, taken by the preponderance of users in the United States in 1972.

Marihuana is currently used primarily as a recreational drug. The use of marihuana is a,pleasurable experience for a majority of users.

Somatic effects - -- include conjunctival injection,- increased pulse rate, and decreased intraocular preSsure..Immediate cognitive-psychomotor effects are dose-related, familiar tasks being-affected less than unfamiliar ones, and experienced users showing less decreMentin performance than "naive" or inexperi- enced users. There is temporary episbdic impairment of short -term memory.

Although use of marihuana is generally pleasurable, exceptions do occur-

. The most frequent excep.tipn is a transient anxiety reaction often related to eonflictingattitudes toward marihuana of the inexperienced user. In cases of extremely high dosages, or occasionally with a "novice" at low dosage, an acute psychatoxic reaction may develop which' is also transient in nature, usually disr appearing when the drug has been eliminated from t e body. It is uncertain how much of this phenomenon is caused by the marihua a and how much is the'result of preexisting psychopathology. The most severe acute psychological reaction,is a toxic psychosis. Evidence favors. the: theory that when such a psychosis develops, it represents'an aggravation of a previously existing mental disturbance. ,

It is often stated that chronic usg'results in an "." In the United States, there has been pme opportunity to observe and study pos- sible long-term changes in mental and social functioning which might result from marihuana use. The major evidence for these observations at this time is derived from clinical reports., Controlled large scale studies have not.been done.

An association has been stablished between the heavy long-term use of cannabis and social deterio ation in certain other coulitries.Although a causal relationship has not beenleatly proved, this association leads-to some appre- hension concerning a pot ntial hazard of large scale long-term heavy use of marihuana in the. Unite States.

1 0 5 Phy.sical:dependenCe such as seen with the barbiturates, opiate derivatives, and alcohol does not exist with marihuana; there are some reports of mild-with- drawal symptoms, but they have not been differentiated 'from possible placebo effects. does occur and varies with the extent of use. Occasional users ae unlikely to panifeStA3S'ychological dependence, but heavy use reflects strong psychological dependence.

Chronic physical effects are difficult to assess because of the likelihood of multiple "drug use and uncontrolled variables in much of the' research. Some `evidencedoes indicate that with very heavy use there is increased likelihood of organ damage. Pulmonary function has been shown to be impaired with chronic

heavy smoking. .

Although not conclusive, there is evidence tha. i impairment of motor vehicle ,operation, can result from marihuana use. The probability and nature of such impairment should be the subject for additional .fesearch.

. Nd tellable data exist to date showing chromosomal orPgenetic damage from marihuana use. The risk to the fetus is still uncertain.

There is no evidence supporting the idea that marihuana leads to'v.iolence, aggressive behavior, or crime. Another idea commonly held is that marihuana use causes progression to other dependence-producing drugs. A statistical associa- tion between 'marihuana use and the use of other drugs has been shown. The nature of-his relationship remains to be clarified.

The Lega Status of Marihuana

This House of Delegates does'dot condone the production, sale or use of marihuana. t does, however, recommend that the personal possession of insignif- icant amounts of that substance be considered at most a misdemeanor with commen-' surate penalties applied,'It also recommends its prohibition fd'r public use; and that a plea of marihuana intoxication should not be a defense in any criminal proceedings.

In view of the need for further research, and the possibility of some deleterious effects on the user and on society at large which could constitute a major public health problem, the Council and Committee agree that a policy of discouragement is prudent.

Research Needs

The Council and Committee strongli, urge that there be increased research on marihuana. In the course of current research, possibilities of itduse as a theiapeutic agent in the treatment of terminal disease, glaucoma, and hyperten7 sion have been propaded. Such therapeutic.possibilities certainly deserve further exploration. In addition, much more research is needed into the pharma- cology of the drug; its interactions withother:drugsl large-scale epidemioiog-. ical atudies'of long-term effects of chronic heavy usage; marihuana use and_ personal and public safety; and methods of treatment for the heavy user.

37 -1-0,6 Education Needs

The Council and Committee also urge that educational efforts be vastly r, expanded to all segments of the population, including members of the medical and legal professions, and law-enfo.rcement agencies. Changes recommended on the basis of scientific evidence would mandate that the American public should_be better informed on the subject of marihuana. PREVENTION6

THE PROBLEM

Modern science,technologyand maRufacturing,capabilitied have produced an impressive number of household and drug.products for consumer use in the.home.. When properly:used, these products add immensely to ease, comfdrt, safety, and enjoyment of life. When misused, either by accident or intention, they often

jeopardize health and may-haye fatal results. The American Medical Association 4 estimates there are 250,000 productd for home use which are potentially harMful. However,. most axe harmless and safe when used as directed and intended and when necessary- precautions are taken to protect young children. AcCidental poisoning `from household and drug- products is, tragic, needless,cand easily preventable.

About 1,300 die each year from accidental poisoning in and around the home. estimated that nearly a millidA persons are involved in home poisoning each year. Of these, perhaps close to half require medical attention and 200,000 result in disabling illness. Children 14 years and younger lead the list in total cases,

with toddlers .under five-years-old the most frequent victims. ,

SMALL CHILDREN

Because most accidental poisoning victims are Children, a speCial effort should be made to educate parents. V' Children about a year old are most likely to ingest materials such as cleaning, sanitizing, and polishing agents; rodent and insect killers; solvents; and kero- sene because they are frequently stored within easy reach on the floor, under sinks, and on low shelves.

Children two- to four-years-old are mobile and. love to climb. Products kept on high leveld such as those stored in medicine cabinets and drawers, and on open shelves and an top of furpiture become a challenge to reach. At this age, children have learned to avoid many of the common household items that are prob- lems with younger childrep; but,in a.desire to imitate adults or take flavored remedies (sometime referred to as "candy"), they help themselves to potentially harmful products.

A number of tragic accidents happen because harmful materials are placed in containers that children associate with food and drink pop bottles, milk cartons or bottles, jars, jugs, cereal or candy boxes, cake tins; and coffee cans. This practice is very dangerous and, unfortunately, wide-spread.

d e Accidental ingestion is clpsely related to the age of the child, access to potentially harmful materials, socio - economic conditions, and lack of direct adult supervision at time of accident.

6. Modified from Statements by Division of Accident Prevention, Maryland State Department of Health.

39 108 'COMMON PRODUCTS INGESTED

Aspirin (uanallyflavbred), insecticides, bleach, detergents, soaps, cleaners, furniture polish,- kerosene,vitamins and iron preparatiOns, disinfectants,

deodorizers,.1ye, drain cleaners, corrosives, and laxatives are leading examples. a Though most, aspirin ingestions_don't_require hospitalization, aspirin leads the list in both the number 6f--Cbaes and cause for deaths of children under five. The fatality figures reflect the extremq,ly high number of ingestions.

Several products, though less frequently ingested.than.aspirin, are much more apt to cause serious illness and hospitalizatiOn. These are lye, 'drainicleaners, ammonia, insecticides, kerosene, solvehtS; and petroleum-distillate furniture' polishes: Also, many products commOriiy ingested have a low rate of serious ill- ness and hospitalization, some rareI causing more than a mild upset. These are detergents, soaps, laxatives, scol&ng powder, bleach, etc.

Within some product,categories, t1HeIe may be wide differences in potential tox- icity of various brands, depending upon ingredients:

THE REASONS

1. Failing to read' and heed labels and precautionary statements on containers

2. Leafring,or storing potentially harmful products and drugs where children can get them; also, not promptly disposing of unused portions or empty containers

3. Taking products out of original containers, and putting them in unmarked food or drink containers

4. Lack of adult Supervisionchild being left alone where potentially harmful products are accessible

5. Children not being trained to leavk household products and drugs alone and to stay out of storage areas

6. Lack of public awareness to potential dangers of many common household products and drugs, and the need for care in their handling and 'stora'ge

7. Underestimating the ability of children to find poisonous ProdUcts

8. Householde s with children in their home not being prepared for visiting relatives, neighbors, and friends with small children

.9., 'Not realiz ng.the increasing mobility of very young children (7-what was seemingly a safe storage,place last month, may not be now)

10. Keeping. edibles andinonedibles.on the same shelf with often tragic results of confusion and mistaken identity

11. A hungry or thirsty child is more aptto ingest nonedibles

40 1) 12. Storing kerosene (for household use) in the house or on the back porch in tin cans or glass jugs results in many accidental .

13. Calling flavored medicines "candy"

FOUR ESSENTIAL RULES FOR HOME POISON PREVENTION

1. Read and heed labels and written instructions on containers before'using household and drug products. Few accidental) poisonings would happen, if people would observe these precautions.

2. Keep all drugs$ , and potentially harmful household products out of the reach of children. Keep household prOucts on high shelves,. not under the sink,,on.the floor, or on low shelves'. Keep deadly poisons absolutely beyond re4th of children, preferably inia locked cabinet or storage area. If possible, keep medicines in cabine s which can be locked or which have lockable-special compartments. Sto e kerosene and other fuels out of the house in well-marked, approved sto age containers.

3. Keep' household and drug products in their original containers with labels and instructions intact. NeAier put:potentially harmful materials in empty food.or drink containers./tf a product must be transferred becauSe the original container Is bt,Oken,or torn, be sure that the label is transferred, too, and that 'the new container is well marked and properly stored.

4. Dispose df empty containers and unused portions. Don't leave them where children or petsitan get at them. Flush unused portions down the drain or toilet, and rinse out containers and put them,,in the trash. Don't burn aerosol can/because of the possibility of the cans' exploding.Don't for- get that some chemicals an produce harmful fumes when burned.- , /., ALSO FoLlo THESE SUGGESTIONS

1. K ep food and nonedible products on separate:shelves.

. Because children'are "imitators," don't take medicine in front of them.

. When children are:given medicine; especially the flavored kind, callit l r, "medicine."' Don't say it'S "candy."

4. When giving or taking medicine at night:always switch on a light so you ph read the label to make sure it's the right medicine and proper dosage.

5. Learn baSic first aid. Keep a first aid booklet or chart handy. These are inexpensive, simple to follow, and available in any town.

GMV 41

11'0 COMMON POISONOUS PLANTS. Their Toxid:PaTt§', and Symptoms ,of Ingestion

HOUSE PLANTS

Plant .70:4,c. Part Symptoms

Hyacinth, Narcissus, 4 Bulbs . Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Daffodil May be fatal.

Oleander Leaves, branches Extremely poisonous. Affects the

"'":''44 heart, produceS severe digestive upset and has caused death.

Poinsettia HleAves Fatal. One leaf can kill a child.

Dieffenbachia ,Ally parts Intense burning and irritation of (Dumb cane) the mouth and tongue. Death can Elephant ear occur if base of the tongue swells enough to block the air passage of the throat.'

Rosary pea Seeds Fatal. A single rosary pea seed Castor bean has caused death. One or two castor bean seeds are near the lethal dose for. adults.

Berries -7.-p .9.,1 Fatal. .Both children and adults have died from eating the berries.

FLOWER GARDEN: PLANTS

Larkspur Young plant, Digestive upset, nervous excite- seeds ment, depression.' Maybe fatal.

Mcinkshood Fleshy roots, Digestive upset and nervous seedi excitement.

Autumn crocus Bulbs Vomiting and nervous excitement. Star -of- Bethlehem

Leaves; flowers IrregUlar heart beat and pulse, usually accompanied by digeStive upset and mental confusion.

Iris. Underground stems Severe, but not. usually serious digestive upset.

Bleeding heart Foliage, r'Etots, May be poisonous in large amounts. (Dutchman's breeches) Has proved fatal to cattle.

43 Plants Toxic Part Symptoms

Foxglove Leaves,. One of the sources of the drug digitalis, used to stimulate the heart in large amounts. The active principles cause dangerously irregular heart beat and pulse, usually digestive upset, and mental confusion. May be fatal.

Rhubarb Leaf blade Fatal.. Large amounts of raw or cooked leaves can cause convul- sions, , followed rapidly by death.

ORNAMENTAL PLANTS

Daphne Berries Fatal. A few 'berries can kill a child.

Wisteria Seeds, pods Mild to severe digestive upset. Many,,children are poisoned by this plant.

Golden chain Bean-like capsules Severe poisoning. Excitement, in which the seeds' staggering, convulsions,-and coma. are suspended Maybe fatal.

Laurels All parts Fatal. Prbduces nausea, and Rhododendron vomiting, depression, difficult Azaleas. breathing, prostration, and coma.

Jessamine Berries Fatal. Digestive disturbance and nervous symptoms.

- -Lantana Green berries Fatal. Affects lungs, kidney,,

camara heart, and nervous system. GrOWs 7 (red sage) in the southern U.S. and in moder ate climates.

Yew Berries, foliage Fatal. Foliage more toxic than, berries. Death is usually sudden without warning symptoms..

TREES AND SHRUBS

. Wild and Twigs, foliage Fatal. Contains a compound that cultivated releases,cyanide when eaten. cherries Gasping, excitement,' and prostra-' tion'are common symptoms that

. often appear within minutes. A

44 112 Plants Toxic Part Symptoms

Oaks Foliage, acorns Affects kidneys.gradually, Symptoms appear only after several days or weeks. Takes a large amount for poisoning. Children should not be allowed to chew on acorns.

Elderberry Young. shoots, Children have been poisoned by buds, leaves, using pieces of the pithy stems bark, roots for blowguns. Nausea and diges- tive upset.

Black locust Bark4 sprouts,, Children have suffered nausea, foliage weakness, and depression after chewing the bark and seeds.

Jack-in-the pulpit All parts, Like dumb cane, contains small especially roots needle-like crystals of calcium oxalate that,cause intense irrita- tion and burning of the mouth and tongue,

Moonsted Berries Blue, purple color, resembling wild grapes. Contains a single.' seed. (True wild_grapes contain several small seeds.) May be fatal.

Mayapple Apple, foliage, Coritains at least 16 active toxic roots principles; primarily in the roots. Children often eat the apple with no ill effects, but several apples may cause diarrhea.

PLANTS IN SWAMP OR MOIST AREAS

Water hemlock Ali-parts Atal. Violent and painful con- vulsions. A number of people'have died from hemlock

PLANTS IN FIELDS

Buttercup All parts. Irritant juices may severely injure the'digestive system.

Nightshade. All parts, espec- Fatal.ThIntense digestive-disturb- ially the unripe ances and nervous symptoms. berry

45 113 "tz Plants, Toxic Part Symptoms

Poison.hemi.ock All parts Fatal. 'Resembles a large wild .carrot. Used in'ancient Greece to kill cOndemiled prisoners.

Jimson weed' All parts Abnormal thirst, distorted sight, (thorn apple), O delirium; incoherenCe; and coma'." Cdmmon cause.of poisoning. Has proved fatal.

a

it

46 114 TECHNICAL TERMS?

Abuse - .the misuse of drugs or other substances by a person who has obtained them illegally or legallyland administers them himSelf without the advice or supervision of a qualified person

Addiction - a state resulting from the regblar use of drugs, (especially depreSsants ), which create

.Analgesic a pain-relieving chemiCal

Anesthetic --a chemical substance produCing a loss of:feeling and relief, from pain

Antagonistic - having or prOducing opposite effects

Central Nervous System- the brain and spinal cord

Chronic of long duration

Compulsion - a compelling impulse which causes a person to act in a way that 1may be contrary to his good judgment or normal actions

Cpnvulsions - a series of involuntary contractions of the. muscles

!Delirium a condition marked by confusion,disordered speech, and hallucinatidfis

Dependence - the need .for and the reliance upon a substance (can be both physiological and psychological)'';

Depressant - any Of several types of drugs which cause sedationby acting on the central nervous system

Euphoria - exaggerated Sense of well-being

Habituation --compulsive drug use

,Hallucination a sensory experience which exists inside the mindof an individual .,

..and is a false perception of the actual conditions' . 1

, Hallucinogenic causing or producinghallucinalions

Intoxication, - the temporary reduction.ofmental and physical control because

of the effects of drugs or other substances !,

Narcotic any drug that produces sleep and also relieves pain

- ,

7. Source: Drug Abuse: Teacher's Manual. Toledo. AreaProgramo4Drug Abuse, Toledo Public Schools, pp. 18-24,March 10,"1970. Reprinted by permission.

47 11 5, . Paranoid'- a person suffering fromamental disorder in which he has fears that others are threatening him. Delusions of grandeur are also common to a person who is .a paranoid

Peer a person or thing of the same rank, value, ability, etc.

Pharmacology'- the science dealing with the production, use, and effects of drugs

Placebo.- An inert or harmless medication given4,a patient

Psychedelic the distorflOn of the senses of time, distance, vision, and hearing resulting from the use of a drug

Psychosis - any severe mental disease or disorder'

Sedative any substance which calms-,or quiets body activity A

Stimulant --any of severstypes of drugs which act upon the central nervous system to produce excitaton, sleeplessness, and alertness

Withdrawal - the discomfot that results when,a drug or other substance upon which a syndrome person hs becoine physically dependent is withheld from his body

;

48 SLANG TERMS

Acapulco Gold a highly potent form of marijuana

Acid Head - habitual LSD user

All Lit Up,1- under the influence of a drug

Amping, Over Amping - overdose of drugs

/1/ Amy, Amy Joy Amyl Nitrate; amytal: a barbiturate of intermediate action

Artillery - equipment for injecting, drugs (syringe, cotton, etc.) S

Around the Turn - having passed through the worst part of withdrawal',

Babysit - to guide a person through a drug experience

Backtrack to withdraw the plunger of a syringebkforeinjecting drugs

Backwards tranquilizer usage

Bad Trip - unpleasant experience, usually caused by,,panic reaction after taking a drug

,Bag container of drugs (nickel bag five dollars worth, etc.)

.Balloon - toy rubber balloon psed for storing or delivering drugs

Bamboo - opium pipe

.Bang -.inject drugs, usually heroin

Barbs barbiturates

Bernice - .-cocaine

Big Chief-- MeScaline

Big D LSD

Blanks-- poor quality narcotics

Blast; Blow -'smoke marijuana

Blasted - high on marijuana

Blow Your Mind get' high on drugs

Blue Bands pentobarbital sodium

Blue Birds or Blues (Blue Devil) - amobarbital capsules Amytal; amobar1italsodium)

-49 Blue Velvet - paregoric and an. antihistamine

Bom.rt,-to "bogart a joint" is either to salivate upon or to retain (and not pass around) a marijuana cigarette

Bombed - high on arugs

Bombids - injectable

Booster - cons,umption or injectioR of an additional dosage of drugs; to continue or prolong a trip

Bottle Dealer perSon who sells drugs in 1,000 tablet or capsule bottles

Boxed,- in jail

Boy - heroin

Brick kilo of marijuana in compressed, hard brick form

Bride - see Roach Holder

Bull federal narcotics agent

Bummer, Bum Trip - "bad trip ";"adverse reaction to drugs, especially LSD

Bush ma ljuaRa

Burn to =ccept money and give,no drugs in return; or toburn skin-inject* g drugs

Burned - u ed to destribe the purchase of poor quality drugs,diluted dr s, or no drugs a all

Busted - a' rested'

Button p yote bUtton: mescaline

(to) Buzz attemiSt to buy drugs

C - cocci e

Can a s ecific amount of marijuana --usually one ounce

Candy b rbiturates

Cap--cap ule containing a drug

Carrying in possession of drugs

Cartwheel - tmphetamine tablet (round, white,double scored)

50

1,18 Charged Up - high on drugs

Chicken Powder - amphetaminepowder suitable for injection

Chip, Chipper Tuinal capsule

Clean - to remove seeds and stems. from mar.juana; to be free from needle marks; not.having-narcotics in your possession

Clear Up- discontinue the use of drugs completely

O Coasting - high on drugs

Cocktail inserting a partially smoked marijuana tigarette into the tip of a regular cigarette so that none of the drug,is wasted

Coke cocaine

Cokie - cocaine addict

Cold, Turkey - breaking the habit of using an addictive drug

Columbian Pink a highly potent form of marijuana

. Come Down - t return from a "trip"

Connect to buy drugs

Connection- source of supply for drugs; usually referrpg to a person

Conrad - a peddler of drugs, usually pills

Contact High - the feeling of getting high on simply by being in contact with someone who is ongdrugs

Cook to prepare opium for smoking

Cooker - device, usually a-bottle cap, for heating drug powder with water in preparation for injection

Cop - to buy drugs

Cope to handle oneself effectively while under the influence of drugs

Cop-Out - to confess, alibi

Corine cocaine

Crash.7 to complete a drug experience, especially marijuana, or amphetamine, by sleeping.

o Crutch - see Roach Holder

51 1 1 9 J. Crystals amphetamine pOWder for injection \

---- I stal Blue Persuasipin - type of hallucinogen, usually LSD or mescaline

Cube sugar cube mpregnated with LSD

Cut 7:to dilute a narcotic powder with sugar, ,talc, flo-Ur, etc.

"D" 7 LSD

Dabble use small amounts of drugs on an irregular baSis

Dauber-'a person who uses drugs infrequently

Dealer- the seller or pusher of drugs

Deck a small- packe,t of narcotics

Dexies -dextrLmphetaminesulfate or amphetamine tablets

Doing - the taking of a drug

Dollies .7 Dolophine tablets

Dope any drug

Doper - drug user

Dotting- placing LSD on a sugar cube.

Double Cross - amphetamine tablets that are double scored

. Double Trouble -' Tuinal capsules

Down someone or something.that depresses a person who is under the ipfluence _ of drugs

Downer - a depFessant drug, either barbiturates,or tranquilizer's

Dried Out - withdrawn from drugs completely

Drop take pills, especially LSD'or Mescaline

Duit - cocaine

Fat - word used to describe someone who ha4 a good supply ,of drugs ,

Fine Stuff - dr ug' of unusual high quality

Fit, Outfit - see Artillery ./i

Fix 7 to inject drugs or to take a dose-of aparticularidiUg

z' 52, .120

z. Flash - the intense feeling the user has just after using drugs

Flashback recurrence of the drug reaction without having taken the drug again. Can happen months later with LSD.

Flip-Out extremely high on drugs

Flying_High- highon drugs

Flynn - see Bummer

Forwards pep pills, especially amphetamines

reek - onewho uses dtugs to the point of loss of reality, especially. referring to "a "speed" freak who is a heavy methadrine user

ti Freak-Out - to rose all contact with reality

Gassing gag sniffing

Gee-Head-par' goritabuser

General experienced druguser; sometim ranked by dumber of stars "5-star," etc.

Getting Off - see Going Up

Gimmicks see Artillery

Glad Rag- cloth eked with glue for sniffing,

Gluey - sniffing i. o participate freely in the drug world

Gold Dust - cocaine

Going Up the initial effect of taking drugs

Goof balls 7 barbiturate

Grass - marijuana .

Greens -.green, heart-shaped tablets of dextro-amphetaminesulfate and amobarbital

Gun - eqUiptent for injecting drugs; also to put mouth over the lit endof a pipe or a cigarette containing marijuana and to blow the smoke intothe mouth or nostrils of another person, to"shoot a gun"

Guru.- see General

H heroin

Habit - addiction to drugs

53 121 Hang -Up - a personal problem

Hard Stuff hard narcotics

Harty - heroin

Hash - hashish

Head chronic user of a drug

Heavenly Blue type of LSD

Heavy something highly emotional

High - under the influenCe of a drug, especially a stimulant

Hit -,one dose of a particular drug

HocUs narcotic solUtion ready for injection

Hod - a drug user who takes all-and any,drugs that he can get his handa on

Holding possession ofJirngS

Hooked 7 addicted to a, drug or drugs

'Horning- sniffing drugs through the nasal passage

Horse - heroin

Hot - wanted by ,the police

Hot ,Sho-t----fatal dosage of, a drug

Hype a perSon who injects drugs

Ice Cream Habit - irregular use of drugs

J or Jay (Joint) - marijuana cigarette

Jolt an injection of narcotics

Joy Pop intermittent injection of one dosage of a drug

Joy Powder - Heroin

-Jug - bottle of 1,000 capsules or tablets

Junk' narcotics

Junkie heroin addict

Kee or Key - kilo

54 1222 Keg - bottle- of 25;000 tablets -pr caps,ue

Kick to stop using drugs

Kicks a drug_experience

Kilo 2.2 pounds o7drugs, usually Marijuana

Lame not very smart in drug dealings

Laotian- ''Green - highly potent form of marijuana

layout - see Artillery

,Lid - an amount of drugs, usually slightly more than an ounce

.Linton - poor quality marijuana

Litup - high on drugs

Loaded 2 high on drUgs

Machinery - see Artillery

Magic Mushrooms - psilocybin

Main -Line --intravellous injection of drugs

Maintaining -,keeping a certain level of drug habits

Make It - attempt to buy drugs

Matchbox -'a small amount of drugs, about one-fifth of a lid

MDA - a hallucinogen; methyl-3, 4 methylenedioxy-phenethYlamine,the "Love Pill"

Meth - methamphetamine; methedrine

Mickey; Mickey. Finn chloral hydrate

V Miss Emma - morphine . ^-.1*., Monkey- a4drug habit in whichphy§icaldependence is:present r

Nark,-narcotics agent

Needle - hypodermic needle

Nickle (bag) -five"doilars worth of dugs

NimbyG- nemhutal capsules, brancLof phenobarbital

Number - marijuana cigarette

55

,> 123 O.D. - overdose of drugs

On the Nod; On the Beam.- high on drugs, especially heroin Ormorphine

Ope - opium

Oranges dexedrine tablets%

OTC - over the counter

Outfit -

- OZ: Ounce - an.ounce of drugs

Panama Red,- a potent type of marijuana r.

Peace P.C.P. - phencyclidine

Peaches' Benzedrine tablets

Pep pills -` "amphetamines

Per - a prescription

Peter - chloral hydrate

P.G. or P.O. - paregoric

Pill Head; Pilly - amphetamine or barbiturate user

Pinksi Pink Ladies - seconal tablets

Point hypodermic needle

Poke. a puff on-a marijuana cigarette

Pop a subcutaneous injection 'of drugs

-" Popper * see Amy.

Pot marijuana

Pothead regular marijuana user

Pusher.- one who sells

quill - folded matchbox cover through which drugs are sniffed

Rainivows tuinal tablets

Rap communicate--speak with rapport

-124 Reds, Red, Red Devils - seconal giblets

Reds and Blues tuinal capsules

Reefer - marijuana cigarette

Register - to wait until blood comes into the hypodermic needle before injecting a drug intravenously

Rip Off -.to forcibly rob a peddler of his drugs or his money; also to be fined for illegal use, possession; or sale of drugs

Roach small butt of a marijuana cigarette

, Roach Holder (Clip) - device for holding a '!roach" so that one's fingers are not burned

Roll, Roll Deck a tinfoil wrapped roll of tablets or capsules

Roses benzedrite, tablets

Run - to take ,drugs continuously for at least three days, but Usually for .a week ormore;, to inject drugs

Rush see Flash

Satch Cotton - cotton nsed to strain drugs, before infection

Scat; Scot; Schmeck heroin,

Score - make a drug purchase

Shooting Gallery - place where.drugs are injected

Shoot Up - to inject drugs

Shot injection of alcirug

Skin Popping - intradermal or subcutaneous injection of ,a drug

Sleepers a depressant drug

Smack - heroin

Smashed high on..drugs

Snapper see Amy; Amyl Nitrite

Sniffing; Snorting_ - sniffing drugs through the nasal passag

Sopee- Quaalude

SoUrce - where drugs can be obtained

57 125' Spaced; Space Out high' on drugs

Speed - originally restricted to mean methedrine, but now used to refer' to any stimulant

Spike hypodermic needle a Spoon - a quantity of heroin, measured on a teaspoon

Square - nonuser

Stash a cache of drugs

Stoned - high on drugs

STP - hallucinogenic drug (the initials stand for serenity, tranquility and pease)

Straight - a nonuser of drugs

Strung Out - heavily addicted to a drug

.Stuff drugs, in general

T.; Tea-- marijuana

Thoroughbred - peddler who sells pure, high quality drugs:

oke Up - to light a marijuana cigarette

TOoies tuinal capsules.

Tracks a series of puncture wounds in the veins which are cauaed.by the continuP-dliAjec:Lion of .drugs 9 Trigger to smoke a-marijuana cigarette immedicately after taking_LSD, mescaline, or psilocybin

Trip the experience felt by a person while he is under the influence of drugs, particularly LSD, and mescaline

Truckdriver amphetamine

Turned Off withdrawn.from drug-s

Turned On to use drugs or to induce another person to use drag§

Twenty -five (25) - most, pure and potent.form of LSD

Up; Upper amphetamine

User- one who uses drugs- yag- cloth soaked withglue for sniffing 'Wake-Ups - ampnetaMines

Washed -Up - withdraWn.from drugs

Wasted - high on drugs

,Way Out high on drugs

Wedges small tablets of various drugs

Weed - marijuana

Weekend Habit -A_rregular drug use ...

Whites; Whi't'ies - amphetamine tablets

White Stuef morphine .

Wig Out; Wigging - extremely high on drugs

Works see Artillery

Wrecked - high on drugs

Yellows - nembutal

rt

4

59 12