DOCSLIB.ORG

Tobacco in Australia Facts & Issues

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tobacco in Australia Facts & Issues Tobacco in Australia Facts & Issues A comprehensive online resource tobaccoinaustralia.org.au Book excerpt List of chapters available at tobaccoinaustralia.org.au Introduction Chapter 1 Trends in the prevalence of smoking Chapter 2 Trends in tobacco consumption Chapter 3 The health effects of active smoking Chapter 4 The health effects of secondhand smoke Chapter 5 Factors influencing the uptake and prevention of smoking Chapter 6 Addiction Chapter 7 Smoking cessation Chapter 8 Tobacco use among Aboriginal peoples and Torres Strait Islanders Chapter 9 Smoking and social disadvantage Chapter 10 The tobacco industry in Australian society Chapter 11 Tobacco advertising and promotion Chapter 12 The construction and labelling of Australian cigarettes Chapter 13 The pricing and taxation of tobacco products in Australia Chapter 14 Social marketing and public education campaigns Chapter 15 Smokefree environments Chapter 16 Tobacco litigation in Australia Chapter 17 The economics of tobacco control Chapter 18 The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Appendix 1 Useful weblinks to tobacco resources Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues. Fourth Edition A comprehensive review of the major issues in smoking and health in Australia, compiled by Cancer Council Victoria. First edition published by ASH (Australia) Limited, Surry Hills, NSW, 1989 Second edition published by the Victorian Smoking and Health Program, Carlton South, Victoria (Quit Victoria), 1995 Third edition published by Cancer Council Victoria 2008 in electronic format only. ISBN number: 978-0-947283-76-6 Suggested citation: Scollo, MM and Winstanley, MH. Tobacco in Australia: Facts and issues. 4th edn. Melbourne: Cancer Council Victoria; 2012. Available from www.TobaccoInAustralia.org.au OR <Author(s) of relevant chapter section>, <Name of chapter section> in Scollo, MM and Winstanley, MH [editors]. Tobacco in Australia: Facts and issues. 4th edn. Melbourne: Cancer Council Victoria; 2012. <Last updated on (date of latest update of relevant chapter section)> Available from < url of relevant chapter or section> Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues; 4th Edition updates earlier editions of the book published in 1995, 1989 and 2008. This edition is greatly expanded, comprising chapters written and reviewed by authors with expertise in each subject area. Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues is available online, free of charge. A hard copy version of this publication has not been produced. This work has been produced with the objective of bringing about a reduction in death and disease caused by tobacco use. Much of it has been derived from other published sources and these should be quoted where appropriate. The text may be freely reproduced and figures and graphs (except where reproduced from other sources) may be used, giving appropriate acknowledgement to Cancer Council Victoria. Editors and authors of this work have tried to ensure that the text is free from errors or inconsistencies. However in a resource of this size it is probable that some irregularities remain. Please notify Cancer Council Victoria if you become aware of matters in the text that require correction. Editorial views expressed in Tobacco in Australia: Facts and Issues. Fourth Edition are those of the authors. The update of this publication was funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing. Cancer Council Victoria 1 Rathdowne Street Carlton VIC 3053 Project manager: Michelle Scollo Senior Policy Adviser, with assistance from Merryn Pearce, Policy and Projects Officer, Quit Victoria. Editorial advice and editing: Rosemary Moore Website design: Creative Services, Cancer Council Victoria Design and production: Jean Anselmi Communications Proofreading: Caz Garvey Tobacco in Australia Facts & Issues A comprehensive online resource tobaccoinaustralia.org.au Chapter 6 Addiction Chapter 6: Addiction i Chapter 6 Addiction Margaret Winstanley, 2007 Updated by Wayne Hall and Table of contents Coral Gartner, 2010 6.0 Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 6.1 Defining nicotine as a drug of addiction .................................................... 3 6.2 The physiological effects of nicotine .......................................................... 5 6.3 Psychoactive effects of nicotine ................................................................. 8 6.3.1 The neurobiology of the positive reinforcing properties of nicotine ................................................................................ 8 6.4 The role of genetic factors in addiction .....................................................10 6.5 Measures of tobacco dependence .............................................................12 6.6 The association between addiction and socio-economic status.............................................................................14 6.7 Addiction and the adolescent smoker .......................................................16 6.8 Tobacco ‘chippers’ ..................................................................................18 6.9 Nicotine withdrawal syndrome ................................................................20 6.10 Nicotine and other drug use ....................................................................22 6.11 Smokers’ attitudes to and beliefs about addiction .......................................24 Date of last update: 6 Dec 2011 Tobacco in Australia: ii Facts and Issues Tables and figures Table 6.1.1 Summary of diagnostic criteria for drug dependency from classifications developed by the American Psychiatric Association (DSM-IV) and the World Health Organization (ICD-10) Table 6.5.1 The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence Table 6.6.1 Mean number of cigarettes smoked per week— by social characteristics, by sex, 2010, current smokers aged 14 years or older, (number) Date of last update: 6 Dec 2011 Chapter 6: Addiction 1 6.0 Introduction Much of this chapter is based on information in the reports of the US Surgeon General (The Health Consequences of Smoking. Nicotine Addiction, 19881) and of the Tobacco Advisory Group of the Royal College of Physicians (Nicotine Addiction in Britain, 20002), both of which provide extensive, fully referenced reviews of the chemical, physiological and psychoactive properties of nicotine. Readers requiring more detailed information are referred to these publications. Nicotine is the drug in the tobacco plant that causes tobacco users to become addicted to cigarettes and other tobacco products.1, 2 An essence of tobacco was first extracted in the early 1800s and named ‘Nicotianine’ to commemorate Jean Nicot, the French diplomat and scholar who introduced tobacco to the French court in the late 1500s. German scientists in Heidelberg isolated the pure form of Nicotianine in 1828, calling it ‘Nikotin,’ but it took another century before its addictive nature was first suspected.1 Research during the 1920s and 1930s linked nicotine with the dependency observed among tobacco users. In 1942, Johnston showed that injections of pure nicotine reduced his need to smoke tobacco and concluded: ‘Smoking tobacco is essentially a means of administering nicotine, just as smoking opium is a means of administering morphine’.3 p 742 The publication of major reports on smoking and health in the 1960s confirmed the role of nicotine in perpetuating tobacco use.1 However the prevailing view at the time was that tobacco smoking was best understood as a socially learned behaviour, and that it reflected a psychological ‘habituation’ rather than physical addiction.4 Treatment options for smoking cessation primarily used psychological models of behaviour modification. This was to change over the next 20 to 30 years, as awareness increased of the physiological role of nicotine in tobacco addiction.2 In a report of the US Surgeon General in 1979, persistent tobacco use was described as ‘the prototypical substance- abuse dependency’.5 p 1–32 In 1980, the American Psychiatric Association for the first time included tobacco use in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as a substance abuse disorder, signalling a greater emphasis on the psychoactive effects of nicotine, and a move towards viewing tobacco addiction through a disease model. The US National Institute on Drug Abuse took a similar stance during the 1980s.1 The report of the US Surgeon General in 1988 focused solely on nicotine and concluded that (p9):1 1. Cigarettes and other forms of tobacco are addicting. 2. Nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. 3. The pharmacologic and behavioural processes that determine tobacco addiction are similar to those that determine addiction to drugs such as heroin or cocaine. The US Surgeon General’s report of 2000 argued: ‘Tobacco dependence is in fact best viewed as a chronic disease with remission and relapse’.6 The Royal College of Physicians’ report in the same year observed: ‘Doctors, other health professionals and indeed society as a whole, need to acknowledge nicotine addiction as a major medical and social problem’ (pxvi).2 Cigarettes are now commonly understood to be a highly efficient nicotine delivery system that both causes and sustains addiction.2, 7, 8 Nicotine is a drug that ‘captures’ more of its users than do ‘hard’ drugs such as heroin and cocaine.1, 2 The tobacco industry has long recognised addiction to nicotine as the primary motivation for persistent smoking,9 and has worked since the 1960s to make cigarettes as efficient
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Question of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium Oxalate Is a Widespread Toxin Found in Many Species of Plants
    Question Of the Day Archives: Monday, December 5, 2016 Question: Calcium oxalate is a widespread toxin found in many species of plants. What is the needle shaped crystal containing calcium oxalate called and what is the compilation of these structures known as? Answer: The needle shaped plant-based crystals containing calcium oxalate are known as raphides. A compilation of raphides forms the structure known as an idioblast. (Lim CS et al. Atlas of select poisonous plants and mushrooms. 2016 Disease-a-Month 62(3):37-66) Friday, December 2, 2016 Question: Which oral chelating agent has been reported to cause transient increases in plasma ALT activity in some patients as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions? Answer: Orally administered dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) has been reported to cause transient increases in ALT activity as well as rare instances of mucocutaneous skin reactions. (Bradberry S et al. Use of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer) in adult patients with inorganic lead poisoning. 2009 Q J Med 102:721-732) Thursday, December 1, 2016 Question: What is Clioquinol and why was it withdrawn from the market during the 1970s? Answer: According to the cited reference, “Between the 1950s and 1970s Clioquinol was used to treat and prevent intestinal parasitic disease [intestinal amebiasis].” “In the early 1970s Clioquinol was withdrawn from the market as an oral agent due to an association with sub-acute myelo-optic neuropathy (SMON) in Japanese patients. SMON is a syndrome that involves sensory and motor disturbances in the lower limbs as well as visual changes that are due to symmetrical demyelination of the lateral and posterior funiculi of the spinal cord, optic nerve, and peripheral nerves.
    [Show full text]
  • List of References Submitted During the Public Consultation
    Bibliography of the Sources Examined for the Opinion on the Addictiveness and Attractiveness of Tobacco Additives ACSCAN (American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network), American Heart Association, American Lung Association, Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids, American Legacy Foundation. Submission to U.S. Food and Drug Administration re Docket No. FDA- 2010-N-0207, 2010; July 26. Available from: URL: http://www.tobaccofreekids.org/reports/fda/regulatory_docs/Comments%20to%20 FDA%20RFI%20re%20youth%20and%20minority%20marketing%207-26-10.pdf Adam T, McAughey J, McGrath C, Mocker C, Zimmermann R. Simultaneous on-line size and chemical analysis of gas phase and particulate phase of cigarette mainstream smoke. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 394:1193-203. Adam T, Mitschke S, Streibel T, Baker RR, Zimmermann R. Puff-by-puff resolved characterisation of cigarette mainstream smoke by single photon ionisation (SPI)- time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS): comparison of the 2R4F research cigarette and pure Burley, Virginia, Oriental and Maryland tobacco cigarettes. Anal Chim Acta. 2006 Jul 21;572(2):219-29. Epub 2006; May 22. Ahijevych K, Garrett BE. Menthol pharmacology and its potential impact on cigarette smoking behaviour. Nicotine Tob Res 2004; 6 Suppl 1:S17-28. Ahijevych K, Gillespie J, Demirci M, Jagadeesh J. Menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes and smoke exposure in black and white women. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996; 53:355-60. Ahijevych K, Parsley LA. Smoke constituent exposure and stage of change in black and white women cigarette smokers. Addict Behav 1999; 24:115-20. Akehurst BC Tobacco. Second edition. Tropical Agriculture Series. Longman. London and New York. 1981; Pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam Msc and Allister Vale MD
    Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD March 2014 CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH Patterns of presentation and clinical toxicity after reported use of alpha methyltryptamine in the United Kingdom. A report from the UK National Poisons Information Service Kamour A, James D, Spears R, Cooper G, Lupton DJ, Eddleston M, Thompson JP, Vale AJ, Thanacoody HKR, Hill SL, Thomas SHL. Clin Toxicol 2014; 52: 192-7. Objective To characterise the patterns of presentation, clinical effects and possible harms of acute toxicity following recreational use of alpha methyltryptamine (AMT) in the United Kingdom, as reported by health professionals to the National Poisons Information Service (NPIS) and to compare clinical effects with those reported after mephedrone use. Methods NPIS telephone enquiries and TOXBASE® user sessions, the NPIS online information database, related to AMT were reviewed from March 2009 to September 2013. Telephone enquiry data were compared with those for mephedrone, the recreational substance most frequently reported to the NPIS, collected over the same period. Results There were 63 telephone enquiries regarding AMT during the period of study, with no telephone enquiries in 2009 or 2010, 19 in 2011, 35 in 2012 and 9 in 2013 (up to September). Most patients were male (68%) with a median age of 20 years. The route of exposure was ingestion in 55, insufflation in 4 and unknown in 4 cases. Excluding those reporting co-exposures, clinical effects recorded more frequently in AMT (n = 55) compared with those of mephedrone (n = 488) users including acute mental health disturbances (66% vs.
    [Show full text]
  • A SMALL DOSE of TOXICOLOGY the Health Effects of Common Chemicals
    A SMALL DOSE OF TOXICOLOGY The Health Effects of Common Chemicals A SMALL DOSE OF TOXICOLOGY The Health Effects of Common Chemicals Steven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABT Director, Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders Seattle USA CRC PRESS Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Gilbert, Steven G., 1951- A small dose of toxicology / Steven G. Gilbert. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-415-31168-3 1. Toxicology—Popular works. I. Title. RA1213 .G54 2003 615.9—dc21 2003055232 This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC for such copying.
    [Show full text]
  • Underage Vaping Spikes in the North of England
    Underage vaping spikes in the north of England thebureauinvestigates.com/stories/2020-05-04/underage-vaping-spikes-in-north-of-england More than a fifth of 15-year-olds in Yorkshire and the Humber vape, according to NHS figures that suggest a stark north-south divide in underage vaping. The data – based on a survey of 13,000 children produced after inquiries by The Bureau – found that teenagers in Yorkshire were more than three times as likely to vape regularly as those in London. Vaping has long been understood as a powerful tool in helping smokers quit, but with big tobacco companies spending billions getting e-cigarettes to market there is concern among campaigners and activists that these products could get a new generation hooked on nicotine. In the US more than one in four high school students regularly vape. In the UK, Public Health England has consistently said that relatively few teenagers vape. However the Bureau's research suggests that national data figures fail to recognise local hotspots. The majority of 15-year-olds in Yorkshire and the Humber have tried e-cigarettes. Almost 10% vape at least once a week, and another 12% vape occasionally. Separate figures produced by councils in Yorkshire highlighted the potential risk of teen vaping “hotspots” hidden in the national figures. A survey of 1,800 pupils aged 14 and 15 in Calderdale, West Yorkshire, found that 11% vaped at least once a week. 1/4 The northwest of England also has significantly higher underage vaping rates than the south, with 6% of 15-year-olds vaping at least once a week.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessment of Urinary Cotinine As a Marker of Nicotine Absorption from Tobacco Leaves: a Study on Tobacco Farmers in Malaysia
    Journal of J Occup Health 2003; 45: 140–145 Occupational Health Assessment of Urinary Cotinine as a Marker of Nicotine Absorption from Tobacco Leaves: A Study on Tobacco Farmers in Malaysia Mayumi ONUKI1, Kazuhito YOKOYAMA1, 2, Kaoru KIMURA1, Hajime SATO 1, Rusli Bin NORDIN3, Lin NAING3, Yoko MORITA4, Tadashi SAKAI4, Yasuki KOBAYASHI1 and Shunichi ARAKI5 1Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 2Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Mie University, Japan, 3Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Malaysia, 4Occupational Poisoning Center, Tokyo Rosai Hospital and 5National Institute of Industrial Health, Japan Abstract: Assessment of Urinary Cotinine as a 1970 among 68 tobacco farmers in Florida, USA, by Marker of Nicotine Absorption from Tobacco Weizenecker and Deal1) and was named by Stephen and Leaves: A Study on Tobacco Farmers in Malaysia: Gehlbach2). GTS is characterized by nausea, vomiting, Mayumi ONUKI, et al. Department of Public Health, weakness, prostration and dizziness, and occasionally by Graduate School of Medicine, The University of fluctuation in blood pressure or heart rate1–22). Headache, Tokyo—To assess dermal absorption of nicotine from increased salivation, abdominal cramps, difficulty in tobacco leaves in relation to Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS), urinary cotinine concentrations were measured breathing, abdominal pain, and diarrhea have also been 9–22) in 80 male tobacco-growing farmers and in 40 healthy reported in recent studies of GTS . As GTS symptoms males (controls) who did not handle wet tobacco leaves usually disappear rapidly (in 2–3 d), treatment is not in Kelantan, Malaysia. Among non-smokers, urinary always necessary, but symptoms are so severe in some cotinine levels in farmers were significantly higher than cases that administration of dimenhydrinate (an those of controls; farmers with urinary cotinine of 50 antihistaminic and antiemetic agent) is required7).
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Ethics and Pollution by Tobacco
    IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 11, Issue 3 Ver. III (Mar. 2017), PP 74-80 www.iosrjournals.org Environmental Ethics and Pollution by Tobacco Jyotsna Lal Ph.D *, Niranjan Swaroop , Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Christ Church P.G College. Kanpur. U.P. Assistant Professor, Department of Mathematics, Christ Church P.G College . Kanpur. U.P. Abstract: Burning tobacco is the main source of indoor pollution in the developed world. Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 chemicals including carcinogens, irritants and toxic gases. Nicotine, benzene and benzo(a)pyrene. The gas phase includes carbon monoxide, ammonia, dimethylnitrosamine, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide and acrolein. Methyl bromide, an ozone-depleting chemical commonly used to fumigate the soil prior planting tobacco seedlings. Tobacco growers are susceptible to an occupational illness known as green tobacco sickness. This is caused by the absorption of nicotine through the skin from contact with wet tobacco leaves. Nicotine is a risk factor for oral cancer, adult periodontal diseases and congenital defects such as cleft lip and palate in children. Nicotine causes heart arteries to harden, tend to shrink, thickening of blood increases cholesterol deposition leading to heart attack. Smoking causes lung cancer. Breathing other people's smoke is called passive, involuntary or secondhand smoking. The non-smoker breathes "side stream" smoke from the burning tip of the cigarette and "mainstream" smoke that has been inhaled and then exhaled by the smoker. Second hand smoke (SHS) is a major source of indoor air pollution. I.
    [Show full text]
  • (SCENIHR), "Addictiveness and Attractiveness of Tobacco Additives
    G Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks SCENIHR Addictiveness and Attractiveness of Tobacco Additives SCENIHR adopted this opinion by written procedure on 12 November 2010 Addictiveness and Attractiveness of Tobacco Additives About the Scientific Committees Three independent non-food Scientific Committees provide the Commission with the scientific advice it needs when preparing policy and proposals relating to consumer safety, public health and the environment. The Committees also draw the Commission's attention to the new or emerging problems which may pose an actual or potential threat. They are: the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS), the Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER) and the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), and are made up of external experts. In addition, the Commission relies upon the work of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA), the European Centre for Disease prevention and Control (ECDC) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). SCENIHR This Committee deals with questions related to emerging or newly identified health and environmental risks and on broad, complex or multidisciplinary issues requiring a comprehensive assessment of risks to consumer safety or public health and related issues not covered by other Community risk assessment bodies. Examples of potential areas of activity include potential risks associated with interaction of risk factors, synergic effects, cumulative effects, antimicrobial resistance, new technologies such as nanotechnologies, medical devices including those incorporating substances of animal and/or human origin, tissue engineering, blood products, fertility reduction, cancer of endocrine organs, physical hazards such as noise and electromagnetic fields (from mobile phones, transmitters and electronically controlled home environments), and methodologies for assessing new risks.
    [Show full text]
  • Green Tobacco Sickness
    N O R T H C A ROLINA FARMWORKER HEALTH MODULES GREEN TOBACCO SICKNESS N O R T H C A ROLINA FARMWORKER HEALTH MODULES GREEN TOBACCO SICKNESS Self Assessment/Pre-Test (to be completed before reading GTS content) 1. What is green tobacco sickness? a. symptoms caused by exposure of wet tobacco leaves to bare skin b. nicotine poisoning c. a preventable illness d. all of the above 2. What can be done to prevent green tobacco sickness? a. avoid working in tobacco just after a rain or while leaves are dewy b. cover bare skin and wear protective water-proof clothing c. change clothes after leaving the tobacco field, even if clothes are dry d. shower as soon as possible after leaving field e. all of the above 3. Which of the following is NOT a common symptom for green tobacco sickness? a. dizziness b. headache c. nausea d. vomiting e. skin rash 4. Is green tobacco sickness life-threatening? a. No, it is a serious condition but usually not deadly. b. Yes 5. Who is at risk of green tobacco sickness? a. only first-time workers in tobacco fields b. only workers over 65 years old c. anyone who works in tobacco fields d. only non-smokers 6. Which conditions make it more likely that someone will become sick from tobacco? a. long exposure to tobacco leaves b. individual sensitivity to tobacco c. wet leaves from dew or rain d. exposed skin e. all of the above 7. How often should a farmworker drink water during the day? a.
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco Control for Sustainable Development Tobacco Control for Sustainable Development ISBN: 978-92-9022-578-2 © World Health Organization 2017 Some Rights Reserved
    Tobacco control for sustainable development Tobacco control for sustainable development ISBN: 978-92-9022-578-2 © World Health Organization 2017 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization.. Suggested citation. Tobacco control for sustainable development. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia; 2017. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data. CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing. To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders.
    [Show full text]
  • Tobacco Science SITAB 38 2012
    Newsletter of The 38 Italian Society of Tobaccology 2012 www.tabaccologia.it 333 Tobacco Science Stan Bulletin, Smoking & Tobacco Abstracts & News. Update N. 1 3 Giugno 2012 Editor: Biagio Tinghino Editorial board : Massimo Baraldo, Fabio Beatrice, M aria Sofia Cattaruzza, Fabio Lugoboni, Giacomo Mangiaracina, Nolita Pulerà, Biagio Tinghino, Vincenzo Zagà, Francesca Zucchetta. In the News : • Australia: Customs Act Amendment: Harsher Penalties Proposed for Tobacco Smugglers • Australia: Metal cigarette packets: retailers could get burned • Canada: Alberta: Province set to launch $10-billion lawsuit against tobacco companies • Canada: MB/SK: Provinces pass enabling legislation for health care recovery tobacco lawsuits • Canada: Lancet Oncol: Budget cuts overshadow good news on cancer statistics • China: Health Hazards of Smoking: Landmark report calls for butting out • China: Shanghai: Health Promotion Commission Survey: Residents want smoking banned indoors • Israel: Number of adult smokers declines by 2.7 percent to record low • NZ: Tasmania: Smoke-free proposal stirs debate [Tob Control : Singapore: Phasing-out tobacco (2010) ] • Russia: Philip Morris, BAT, Japan Tobacco Battle Putin’s Anti-Smoking Plan • US: CA: Prop 29: Separating Fact From Fiction: Arguments for Yes Vote • US: California: Prop 29: Ad Blitz Ahead of Vote on Cigarette Tax • US: FL: Four tobacco companies ordered to pay more than $75 million to smoker's widow • US: MN: State Supreme Court ruling ends Marlboro Lights class-action lawsuit • US: NY: CLASH: Pro-tobacco lobby delays implementation of state park smoking ban • US/NZ: Washington Post: Editorial: Snuffing out tobacco with taxes? Noteworthy : "Documentation of such a high prevalence of TSE [Tobacco Smoke Exposure] in this population lends further support to public policies for smoke-free multiunit housing because poor and medically underserved populations disproportionately live in apartments.
    [Show full text]
  • Wicked Plants Also by Amy Stewart
    WICKED PLANTS ALSO BY AMY STEWART From the Ground Up: The Story of a First Garden The Earth Moved: On the Remarkable Achievements of Earthworms Flower Confidential: The Good, the Bad, and the Beautiful in the Business of Flowers Wicked Plants THE WEED THAT KILLED LINCOLN’S MOTHER & OTHER BOTANICAL ATROCITIES Amy Stewart ETCHINGS BY BRIONY MORROW-CRIBBS ILLUSTRATIONS BY JONATHON ROSEN Published by ALGONQUIN BOOKS OF CHAPEL HILL Post Office Box 2225 Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27515-2225 a division of WORKMAN PUBLISHING 225 Varick Street New York, New York 10014 © 2009 by Amy Stewart. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Published simultaneously in Canada by Thomas Allen & Son Limited. Design by Anne Winslow, with thanks to Jean-Marc Troadec. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stewart, Amy. Wicked plants : the weed that killed Lincoln’s mother and other botanical atrocities / by Amy Stewart; with etchings by Briony Morrow-Cribbs and illustrations by Jonathon Rosen.—1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-1-56512-683-1 1. Poisonous plants. 2. Dangerous plants. I. Morrow-Cribbs, Briony. II. Rosen, Jonathon. III. Title. QK100.A1S74 2009 581.6’5—dc22 2009006192 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 To PSB Would not the earth, quickened to an evil purpose by the sympathy of his eye, greet him with poisonous shrubs . Would he not suddenly sink into the earth, leaving a barren and blasted spot, where, in due course of time, would be seen deadly nightshade, dogwood, henbane, and whatever else of vegetable
    [Show full text]