Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 5 (2015 8) 831-841 ~ ~ ~

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Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National Growth

Syed Raheem Abbasa and Muhammad Asimb* aCollege Bhakkar Pakistan bCollege Asghar Mall, Rawalpindi Pakistan

Received 18.02.2015, received in revised form 21.03.2015, accepted 07.04.2015 After the revolution of 1979, political system was converted into presidential type of government within the theocratic structure. That was totally a new experience for the people of Iran after Pehlavi Dynasty. But, this system proof as successful governing system that facilitated national growth as well. This article highlights Iranian electoral politics and points out the results of presidential elections in 21st century. Policies announced by the presidents are also discussed here. And, the consequences of these policies on national growth are also presented in the last of this article. Keywords: Pehlavi, Khatimi, Ahmadi Nizad, SAT, Khamnai. Research area: politology.

Hypothesis and training classes including visiting several Although Iranian electoral politics is faced universities and Research Centers in Qom and so many controversies but its consequences Tehran. on national growth are prove of its successful governing structure even under the theocratic Introduction elite. The masses in the democratic Iran have been completely satisfied with the system Research Methodology of government as well as the strength of This research is based on historical democracy in the republic .The all-round descriptive, analytical, comparative and progress and prosperity in the country has qualitative methods. The data is collected developed a healthy sound and positive public from books, research journals, news papers, opinion .All the witness go in the favor of the internet, interviews, results of different democratic development and I have discussed dissertations, and personal visit of Iran in them in detail as per tenure and period of each which attending several seminars, workshops government please have a glance of it.

© Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected], [email protected] – 831 – Syed Raheem Abbas and Muhammad Asim. Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National…

Presidential Election 2001 In first round no candidate could get the The election of 2001 held on 8 June 2001 desired majority so second round of the election ,in these election voter turnout remained almost was organized on June 24, 2005. In these election 68 %. Candidates remained successful to stand voter turnout remains 60 % and according to the in the election out of these 10 Syed Muhammad constitution this election was between the two Khatami again carried the day. topper that is the winner of the first round and first runner up, after the result of the second round Syed Muhammad Khatimi Muhammad Ahmadi Nizad former of Mayer of and its Policies (1997-2005) Tehran became the . In 1997 public of Iran selected Khatami as the 5th president of Iran by casting 70 % Presidential Election 2009 votes in his favor. He gave his party statement After the successful completion of 4 years different for the rest. Patience has freedom of again general president election conducted on thinking, obedience of rules and regulations. 12 June 2009.in these election people heavily These slogans got importance not only in public participated and cast their votes in a great number. but also in scholars at world level he instead of (Steinfeld, 4th july 2009, p. 09) clash of civilization and religious preferred the The number of casted vote was record in dialogue among them his theory got so much history of Iran, voter turnout remained 85 %.in all importance that UNO celebrated the dialogue these election only four (4) candidates remained among civilization in the year 2001. He gave new fortunate to stand and run the race president ship life in politics and as results in 2001 he was again while 471 candidates dropped due to strict scrutiny selected as president for next four years. process by the in these election He has deeply studied the politics of west Muhammad Ahmadi Nizad remained victorious and reaches on this conclusion that politics of by a great margin of almost 30 % votes. (Horris, world has propaganda and it’s double faced. 2013, p. 09) (Kesselman, 2013, p. 342) Ahmadi Nizad as A President of Iran Presidential Election 2005 On June 2005 after the declaration of In 2005 again enhancing democratic power result of election next day the supporters of for election were organized and conducted at Ahmadi Nizad were quite excited because their proper time .this time round of election were representative has got 1 crore 15 lac votes and done for the first time in the history of Iran .in his opponent got 1 crore votes. In this way first timer time no political party got the desired Ahmadi got 65.69 votes and Rafsanjani got 35.9 majority and hence round two was organized votes. After clear cut success the speech which ,as a result of which Ahmadi Nizad became the he delivered was wonderful that was reflection president of Iran. He was the first president of of his generosity and cooperation. He said in a Iran who was not among the clerics. He has great powerful take that we have built an ideal society vision for social problem .He travelled all over and programmed Islamic society from Today all the Iran and gave relief to the former and poor enmities should change into friendliness. We are people, because he himself belonged to middle also the members of large families. We should class family. (http://iranelectionwatch.com/past- make Iran successful by joining hands with results/, 2009, p. 04) hands. – 832 – Syed Raheem Abbas and Muhammad Asim. Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National…

By this speech Rafsanjani terrified the going to their homes. And he got fame as an ideal people that here will be anarchy in the country president that he contacts with his public all the Rafsanjani has no more courage to fight so he left time. That he had given a dream of better future all the matter on Allah and considered silence to his public and he had he had faced the worlds better in this matter. (Addis, July 2009, pp. 1-15) comradely before this Dr. Mundaq Araned as Ahmadi Nizad arranged as a public leader and Ahmadi Nizad First Region Ahmadi Nizad could preen homely as a public of Presidency leader. (Ghzain, feb 2012, pp. 1-7) Ahmadi Nizad as a president has done most Not only in Iran but in Arab world and Islamic of work according to the wishes of public and world he has got the status of Muslim leader some in this matter he never cared for the budget and considered him leader of these greet leader and for the service of public he established a fund the individuals of Islamic world respected him name Imam Raze love fund By this fund youth because he was such a leader who had faced the are helped during their marriage. By this youth written lobby so bravely. got excited because the youngsters are not only helped in marriage but they also get financial help Justification of Protector Council for employment and house from this “ Imam Raza Protector council (shura e Nighaban) has (a.s) Love fund “Increase in the pay of nurses. also rejected the allegations of corruption in the The pay of nurses was much less as compare election campaign perfectly and certified the to their work. That’s why Ahmadi Nizad increased success of Ahmadi Nizad as the president of pays as and together facilities about 30 % and Islamic republic of Iran. G-8 countries told that with this he also announced the increase in the there is a chance of restrictions on Iran by the pension of retired people. In this way in his world. According to media after the counting of former years of presidency .He spent 78.30 Arab votes of presidency election the leader of shura dollars for the welfare of public within the two e Nighaban (protector council) has given the years of his earlier presidency he has visited all decision. According to that decision it is said in a the 30 provinces of his country. He addressed in letter send to Iranian defense ministry that during 2000 small cities to gathering. And the promise of the election campaign all the mirror illegalities financial help by the government has also become don’t come under corruption and it’s of minor a cause to increase the people of gathering. And types. The leader of of Iran needy people came there with this hope that they Ayatullah Khamnai and guardian council has will surely get some sort of help. And in this net declared that election was clear and perfect. cash help 40 dollars was fixed. And for much needy people 200 dollars were fixed. And for Justification / Certification of Khamanai serious patients and university students there was The great spiritual leader of Iran Ayatullah also help package. Khamnai has also certified the Ahamdi Nizad as By these visits there created a relation of the president of Iran. According to government president and public, and before this politician T.V the spiritual leader has 2nd time appointed had never given attention to this poor people of Ahmad Nizad as the president of Iran and further the society. By the visits of far sighted areas of said about this that the selection of Ahmadi Nizad Iran enabled Ahmadinejad to proclaim that he is is clear reflection of Public struggle for justice. a public president and will solve their problem by Iranian public has voted against the oppression – 833 – Syed Raheem Abbas and Muhammad Asim. Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National… and on the other side the opposition leader Mir Supreme Leader (Rehbar-e-Muazam) of Iran has Muhammad Hussain has not participated in this considered the success of Ahamdi Nizad a slap on election. Ahmad Nizad again has taken the oath the face of America and said that Iranian public of this post on 15 August and argued that the had shown his hidden power against the world boycotts after presidency election are the result polices. Mahmoud Ahmadi Nizad said he will of external interferences. Every country should make Iran a new and powerful country which can avoid indulging in the internal matters of Iran. become entangle for others. The relations with (Rights, 2009, p. 55) America is the not the solution of our problems. (Mahmood, 2006, p. 91) Cause of Success of Ahmadi Nizad Before the president Khatami, Iran was Ahmadi Nizad presented himself as public following the steps of Imam Khumaini. The leader. He did not spend a single penny on his tenure of Imam Khumaini and Khamnai paned election campaign during his complain he did in such a way that America has not a courage to not leave any area to whom he has not visited. disturb Iran but after this Hashim Ali Rafsanjani Opposite to Ahmadi Nizad, Rafsanjani and and after this Muhammad Khatami on the names others belonged to elite class, but the Ahmadi of reforms had taken a lot of matters from the Nizad belonged a poor section of a society that’s revaluations. During their tenure it was widely why the poor public votes him in majority. and openly said that Iran is opening the door for the western world and Iran is becoming much Fear of Extend World more Liberal. But now again western media had Now only the Iranian reformers were wonder said that now, Iran is again to the dark ways. stricken on these results but also for the outer Primitivism after heading the new of Ahmadi powers results were astonishing. success they raised voice that there is corruption However the British People showed a special in election but their voices were so much low that behavior .In a very conscious way exterior at last Rafsanjani accepted the defeat. ministry of America gave very strict address that Rafsanjani during his both presidency America is still doubtful about the Iran that where tenures has tried to set his relation with America it fulfills the demands of his nation or removes the and continued the reforms also and this process fear of international community. America never continued till the age of Khatami as the news of looks at Ahamd Nizad as the friend of America Ahmadi Nizad’s is success prevailed the western that was the reason America has much supported media propagated that not only the doors of the opposition’s allegations of corruption in reforms were closed in Iran but also the Iran is election on media. totally covered with old theocracy America at Mahmoud Ahmadi Nizad had been selected once said that our views about Iran will never as a president by winning the election2nd time. change. (Iran U. o., 2009, p. 18) Before this he defeated in election the pervious Ahmadi Nizad after 1981 was the first Rafsanjani. In this competition he fails of getting president who was not a religious scholar. He 50 % votes. Ahmadi Nizad appeared accidentally promised that his government will be a just and wonderfully in front of scene and Nataq Noori govt. remained on 3rd No According to world media Ahmadi Nizad is quite famous for his steps Iranian were not so much excited in presidency that he has taken about corruption. It is written election before and during the 2nd tenure the on his website that “America and west will allow – 834 – Syed Raheem Abbas and Muhammad Asim. Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National… the progress of Iran but we will never bow before nuclear reactor is much raped. Iran has now their will”. become self-strong from defense point of view, Ahmadi Nizad was quite famous for his to such an extent that Israel is now at the target of simple life style. He stayed in his own house and his missiles. Israel which can’t be defeated by any neither had he used the govt. conveyance and Islamic country in Lebanon and Gaza due to the he used his old car. During this he removed the support of Iran Israel has got bitter failure Iran fast food restaurant based on western style, and has fought outside his own country and proved he ordered long sleeves shirts for workers and that he can fight against the weapons of America wearing of beard necessary for them. and Israel. (Hiyyat, 2009, p. 119) Before the Ahmadi Nizad both the In this way Ahmdi Nizad not only gave presidents have not fulfilled the hopes of public confindence to the iran nation but he also guided Hashim never considered it necessary to have them positivly toword progress. relation will public and have never visited the Iranian revolution made a great history and public out of them. Khatami said good bye to it became an example for other countries of the simple living and put resident in palace, which world, it gave many benefits to the Iranian nation is disliked by the public after both them when .besides the growth of self-confidence dignity Ahmadi Nizad came forwarded public got a and other moral values, Iran also excelled in public leader whose they consider their savor every walk of life. Iran made rapid promotion in and voted him excitedly. education, science and technology, atom energy, America according to his own plan was agriculture, heavy industry, communication, and dreaming about a greatest Middle East, and so on. The detail of all these are given below. it started from Afghanistan and Iraq, but Iran st despite the threats and dangers remained firm National Growth in 21 Century before him. Iran is proud of Muslim world for the Let’s have a look at the progress and bravery with which he has forced the America development offered by democratic political and Israel and its important success is that Iran System of to Iran. bitterly hurtled or teased America in the world politically and in outer world relations. To his cold Education war with America Ahmadi Nizad has become the Iran ranks first in the dissemination of revolutionary leader of Middle East. In the area due religious Islamic books, and is the world’s fourth to his policies anti-American views got support or country in which libraries are working round favour and people considered him savior. Every the clock. Depending on the number of libraries saying of Ahmadi Nizad against America and Iran is in top fifteen countries. There are more went has given him glamorize popularity. Now than 1, 24,000 school donors in Iran. Iran ranks he is raising not only the leader of Iran but also of first regarding distribution of milk among the whole Muslim Ummah. Sometimes he wonders students by school. Iran’s first satellite designed the Israel by his say the holocaust and sometime by the students is almost ready. Iran is one of he becomes center of attention after writing letter top fifteen countries providing higher education to American president. (Hiyyat, 2009, p.117) environment. Number of Articles by Jihad Ilmi Hiyyat says that, on one side he has still Danshigahi has exceeded 61 thousand. SAT continued the argumentation on atomic program positioned Iran in the first place for the distance and on the other side he is the working on the education system in the world. Iran ranks first in – 835 – Syed Raheem Abbas and Muhammad Asim. Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National… the world with the higher proportion of number ended monopoly in the production of bio- of students. implant. Iran succeeded in patching red blood After the blessed Islamic Revolution in cells. Iran ended Britich/American monopoly by Iran, more than 200 Encyclopedias have been producing Botulinum Toxin. 95 % of the drugs published. The impact of scientific journals being consumed in the country are produced and broadcasting of Iran is on highest index in Iran. Regarding preparation of Medical level. Iran in the field of chemistry has received Sciences articles, Iran is in top countries in the considerable targets. Number of articles related to world. Iran for the very first time in the world nuclear issues in Iran is hundred times bigger than has successfully created wave distributor hear the rest of world. Iranian Electronic Education vein assistant. Regarding infertility treatment Department is ranked first in the Middle East. facilities Iran holds place in the world’s top Iran’s development of nuclear science is more ten countries. The world’s first time machine than 80 % as compared with the rest of world .The to weigh the newborn is accompanied by number of students in colleges and universities in bronco beater Iran has developed In number of Iran is 20 % more than that of before the blessed voluntarily blood donors, Iran has higher level revolution. More than 25 % of the articles on as compared with other regional countries. (Ali, Sociology were written by Iran in the world. (Ali, 2013, p. 56) 2013) By patching cells using radio medicines, Iran ended American monopoly. Iran holds first Agriculture position in regional countries in the treatment of Iran is self-sufficient in wheat production, Hepatitis. Iran ended thirteen years old American and ranks eighth in the world in the production monopoly by launching anti-cancer medicine in of honey. 96 % saffron is produced in Iran. Iran the market. Using of nuclear technology, the radio is the world’s third largest country in walnut Medicine is made locally in Iran. In reducing production and the world’s third largest country deaths of pregnant domestic women, Iran is among in the production of peanuts. Iran self-sufficient the top three countries of the world. Iran is third in the production of potatoes seed. Iran is one of largest country in preparation of hearing snails. four countries producing hybrid rice technology. In brain and nerve surgery, Iran is ranked first in Depending on the extent of land under wheat regional countries. Iran, in mad dog bite disease cultivation, Iran is second in the world. Nine (rabies) prevention, is in first place. Iran’s Plastic types of Iranian fruits ranks from first to third surgery is considered world’s auto advance top in the world. Agricultural commodity production level countries. The process of getting children has quadrupled since the Islamic Revolution. Iran vaccinated in Iran is 95 percent completed in in the production of milk and related products is their childhood. In safety equipment production in fifth place in Asia. Iran is the world’s second and exports Iran has become self-sufficient. Lung largest country in date production. Iran’s 90 % surgery, Iran is ranked first in regional countries. self-sufficiency makes her most peaceful country Iran in the field of orthopedic is one of the world’s in the world. (UNIDO, 2003, p. 101) first ten countries. Medical equipment, resources, and products, Iran leads regional countries. Health For the first time in the world, in Iran, artificial Iran is third biggest country in the world cornia has been developed for those suffering eye to produce cold temperature injections, and cornia. – 836 – Syed Raheem Abbas and Muhammad Asim. Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National…

Gas and oil shell weapons. Iran is making cruise missiles at Iran has become the club member of large levels. On the pattern of the S-300, Iran countries exporting aircraft petrol, and is in top has developed air defense systems. The power level countries of Asia, in development of CNG of “Saiqa” Iranian Jet fighter is more than that industry. Iranian National Oil Company has been of the fourth generation of aircraft, helicopter recognized as the world’s second largest company. specialists are ranked fourth in the world. (IIias, 2009, p. 12) Iran exports military equipment to eighteen Iran has achieved catalyst technology countries in the world. Iran is self-sufficient being used in oil products, and has gained crude in the production of missiles. (http://www. oil desalination technology. In petrochemical induxmundi.com/iran/economy, 2013, p. 05) products, Iran is world’s second largest country. Iranian anti-tank rocket at 1300M range are Iran has acquired computerized and modern being produced in large numbers, and has test-fired technology in drilling oil and gas. Iran has joined inter-continental ballistic missile successfully. the countries converting liquefied petroleum gas. Iran has developed and tested 1100KM range (Habibi, 2011) radar and has developed underground missile cells. Iran has developed without fuel aircrafts. Communication Iran has begun production of third-generation In terms of the number of branches of post bomb. Iran has acquired anti-cruise missile offices Iran is ranked eighth in the world. The first technology. (Ali, 2013, p. 57) optical fiber has been developed in Iran. In number of mobile phone subscribers in the world, Iran Development of Technology is ranked twenty-fourth. Islamic Revolutionary Biological Technology in Iran, in regional Syed Ali Khamnai’s website is mostly visited countries ranks first and in world ranks fourteenth in the Middle East. Iran in terms of the number .Has succeeded in first phase of developing atomic of internet pages in the world has thirty-second fuel from natural uranium. Iran is self-sufficient numbers. Iran is to create the greatest arch bridge in the production of mono colonel bodies’ and first in the Middle East. (http://www.mangabuy.com, time nano-machismlypyzm-machine developing 2006, p. 09) technology. Iran has developed unmanned solar aircraft .Iran in Middle East, in CD and DVD Public welfare production is largest country. Iran is the world’s In world relief and support Iran is in first ten fastest country with the 11 times more progress in countries in the world. The highest number of the field of science. (UNIDO, 2003, p. 44) refugees of the world is in Iran. (UNIDO, 2003, Production of educational software by Iran p. 37) in the Middle East is the largest. Eleven times fast development in science that the world, makes Iran Defense system of Iran first in regional countries and 11th in the world Iran has developed anti-missile radar ranking. Regarding stem cells related articles; system (disturbing missile radar system).Iran’s Iran is at number four in the world. Regarding has successfully test-fired “Noor” surface to ecology and environment in July 2013 Iran was the surface missile. Iran has successfully test-fired most respected country in the world. Congenital “Mehrab” a ground to air invisible to radar blindness genes were discovered in Iran. Iran missile. The Iran has developed magnetic steel in supercomputer making technology is ranked – 837 – Syed Raheem Abbas and Muhammad Asim. Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National… tenth in the world of technology. Iran is one of her power and technology. Iran acquired eight countries launching satellite in space. Iran unmanned flying craft technology. Iran by becomes on the world’s 25 countries with nuclear making satellite is one of eight countries in the fuel. Iran has the world’s third country to have the world. Iran has acquired technology to build vertical string tunnel. Iran has developed hybrid submarines. Iran is one of nine Carbon fiber tractor models. making countries. Using remains of date, Iran succeeded Iran is one of 10 countries with complete in producing industrial Ethanol and in steel space technology. Iran carrying the higher- production is on number 15 in the world. As a range electro-optical Systems has acquired result of the imposition of sanctions by the UN, technology. Iran has developed plane with the banned imported equipment making industry ability to fly vertically. The model of multi- has been set up in Tabriz. Iran has acquired purpose aircraft and helicopter motor is made copper powder nan-technology. The first in Iran. Tunnel-making ability of Iran has industrial design of Iranian solar electric motor increased 11 times. Iran is one of the ten best (sterling trucks) has been developed. Iran is countries with powerful skills and engineers to self-sufficient in making steel sheets used in the build roads. aircraft industry products. Iranian experts have Iran has created drifting war model. Iran has created the biggest marine diversity system in the created for the first time road side alarm system. Middle East. Iranian company to build biggest Iran is a country with advanced technology in gas turbine is on the number six in the world. digital conversion. In high radio frequency Iran Iran is now listed in countries making “duel fuel has successfully created the radio telescope engines” diesel engines. Iran is skilled in the and has acquired technology to convert clouds making metro trains. Iran has successfully used into Rain clouds. Iran for the very first time has crackers of Magenez and Chlorine. Iran ranks successfully created dry Aluminum Oxide. (Ali, eleventh in the world, in car production. Iran has 2013, p. 58) become self-sufficient in creating drilling towers. Iranian-made tractors are being used all over the Environment world. Half of the total heroin smuggled was “Sorna”, a human-like robot, by Iran, seized in Iran. Iran is the seventh country in the is now one of the world’s five major robots. world with meteorological information centers Iranian expert invented a machine for surgery (Maloney, 2011, p. 11) on insects. After the Islamic revolution in Iran’s domestic production has increased 7 Industry& Commerce production of Iran times. In making equipment and resources in Iranian steel production has grown 31 %. the oil fields of Iran is self-sufficient. Iran has Iran’s cement industry has largest capacity in acquired technology for deep sea drilling. Iran the Middle East. Iran is fifth largest country with to convert gas to liquid is one of three countries handicraft and Ceramics production. “Dna” latest in the world. Iran ended American monopoly modern car has been launched by Iran. “Iran in technology of measuring, drilling Oil and Khodro”, a car making company, is one of the creating resources. Iran has acquired 80 mega largest 16 car making companies. pixel telescope technologies. By controlling Iran has developed Direct Oil Heater down RA 70 US drone, Iran has showed Furnace. Iran is working over “Leo” the most – 838 – Syed Raheem Abbas and Muhammad Asim. Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National… modern television network. Iran is a country third ship to cross ocean Atlantic has been set on exporting secrete sheet. Iran is third in dam sails. building. Iran has joined countries with skill to developed peroxide. Iran has become self- Finance sufficient in marine industry. Iran has ended Iran is ranked third in the world in Poultry American monopoly by manufacturing high Production. Tehran stock exchange market in pressure industrial oil and gas pumps. Iranian 2011 was the world’s fastest. In installation of carpet is the best carpet in the world. Iran is ATM Iran is in second place in the Middle East third handicrafts. In ship making industry, Iran and Africa. Iran is on top in investment in Islamic is the top 20 developed countries. (UNIDO, banking with the biggest foreign exchange 2003, p. 44) reserves Iran is on number eight in the world. Iran took fourth position in foreign investment. Sport and Culture position In transit economics Iran is on number 2 in this of Iran in the world region. Iran has been considered as a center of Iran, in the Middle East’s is the largest development in the Middle East. center for computer games and is on number World has recognized Iran as 19th four, in making films on domestic issues. Iran economic power. Iran is on number 4, to build is on number 13 in making films. Iran is one of underground train (metro). In Middle East ten countries achieving student Olympic medals. Iran is a country with the largest ships. Iran in Iran’s volleyball team is among the world’s 12 transportation of grains is the most developed best teams. Iranian football team is on number and four times greater than the rest of world. 1 in Asia and on number 6 in world. Iranian After the revolution, in highway construction, karate team is ranked 8th in the world. Iranian progress ratio has been 3500 percent. Iran is Body builder’s team holds championship title. largest ship maker in the Middle East. (Ali, Iranian women’s team took first place in Kung 2013) Fu. Iranian wrestling team has been world champion. Iran’s shooting team has been on top Materials production of Iran in Asia. Iranian karate team won second place in Iran is with the world’s top mining countries. the world. Regarding Insurance for women Iran Iran is the third largest country, with mineral is on number one in the world. In introducing stones .Iran is one the highest copper producing insurance plans Iran is on number 3 in Middle country. Iran is has acquired technology in East. Iranian guarantee system is on number 1 in creating aluminum alloy. this region. Iran is one of the six countries with external transit system. (http://www.mangabuy. Livestock position com, 2006, p. 07) Iran is on number ten in egg production, and is in top shrimp producing countries in Transport the Middle East. Iranian researchers have been Iran to continue the process of dry port successful in high yielding fish in dry areas. Iran is ranked twenty-fourth in the world. Iranian with 1130 types of animals is on top. (UNIDO, marines broke the German record of Ha Sho by 2003, p. 115) diving in sea for 66 days. The biggest title of ship At the end of this discussion I shall say sailing went to Iran’s National Oil Company. The that the continuity of election process after – 839 – Syed Raheem Abbas and Muhammad Asim. Iranian Electoral Politics in 21st Century and its Consequences on National… revolution tell us that democracy is going on its .So major principle of democracy which are real way smoothly in Iran. It is quite clear from all beauty of democracy are also the ingredients of the facts and fingers those elections of all types Iranian democracy. weather they are presidential, Majlis-e-Shoora, Iranian electoral politics is always criticized or local bodies’ are being held after proper time. by the west but it is always appreciated by the In all election after revolution it is clear from the people of Iran who participate in electoral system discussion that every party made its goals for with the happy heart. This is the result that the progress of the country and very truly when National Growth of Iran is reaching at top three any party comes in power its tries to fulfill most levels in all over the Middle East and Third World the promises that they have done with the people countries.

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Электоральная политика Ирана в XXI веке и ее влияние на развитие страны

Сайед Рахим Аббаса, Мухаммад Асимб аКолледж Баккара Пакистан бКолледж Асгар Молл, Равалпинди Пакистан

После революции 1979 года политическая система Ирана была трансформирована в президентский тип управления в рамках теократической структуры. Этот опыт был абсолютно новым для населения Ирана после правления династии Пехлеви. Тем не менее данная система показала себя как удачный тип правления, обеспечивший развитие страны. В данной статье представлен обзор основных принципов электоральной политики Ирана и, в частности, результаты президентских выборов XXI века. Рассмотрены политики, озвученные президентами, а также влияние реализации данных политик на развитие страны. Ключевые слова: Пехлеви, Хатами, Ахмед Низад, SAT, Хаменеи. Научная специальность: 23.00.00 – политология.