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Dari Basic Course DARI BASIC COURSE SEMESTER 1 Lessons 5-8 TEACHER COPY VALIDATION EDITION 2005 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER DARI Basic Course SEMESTER 1 Lessons 5-8 June 2005 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER Acknowledgments Permission to use text and/or graphic images in this Dari language course has been received from the following copyright holders: Luke Powell (photographs from www.lukepowell.com) Rahmatullah Omid (photographs from personal collection) Homayoun Seddiq (photographs from personal collection) Wida Ahmad (photographs from personal collection) Najib Rezai (photographs from personal collection) Kiyoshi Inoue (photographs from www.flyingkong.com) AGSL American Geographical Society Library, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries (photographs from the Harrison Forman collection) ASC Thome Anderson (photographs from www.photoarchive.saudiaramcoworld.com, courtesy of Saudi Aramco World / PADIA / Aramco Services Corporation) UNESCO (photographs from www.unesco.org/photobank) UNEP (photographs from http://postconflict.unep.ch/afg_new.htm.) Robert W. Kranz (photographs from www.war-correspondent.com) Keith Cook (photographs from www.themenupage.com.) Mustafa Rasuli (photographs from www.rasuli.com) John Patton (photographs from http://mysite.mweb.co.za/residents/ekawasa/JohnPattenGraphics/index.html) Dominic Medley/Jude Barrand (photos from Kabul: The Bradt Mini Guide - The Survival Guide to Kabul www.kabulguide.net.) Gary W. Bowersox “The Gem Hunter,” President GeoVision, Inc., PO Box 89646, Honolulu, HI 96830, 808 277-2543, [email protected] (photos from http://www.gems-afghan.com) Shahab Azim (photographs from www.aghansite.com) Ellyn Cavanaugh, Ph.D. (photographs from personal collection and from www.afghan.smugmug.com) Rosemary Stasek (photos from www.stasek.com/afghanistan) Kerry Saner (photographs from http://www.irss-usa.org/pages/KabulPhotos/Page1.html) Farhad Darya (photograph from www.farhaddarya.info) Christina Manuel (photographs from personal collection) Crown Copyright/MOD (photographs from http://www.operations.mod.uk/fingal/fimages) John Pike (photographs and maps from http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/afghanistan/index.html) Moumina Dorgabekova: “Pharmacy in Afghanistan” Boston: Management Sciences for Health Aseem Koshan (excerpts from Omaid Weekly newspaper) Ryan Azimi (excerpts from Afghan-Iranian Yellow Pages of Northern California) Nick Noori (excerpts from Afghan Yellow Pages by N&N Express) Shahbaz Taheri (excerpts from Northern California Iranian Yellow Pages by Pezhvac Corp.) Ali Parvin (excerpts from TASVIR Persian American Yellow Pages) Assad Manely (excerpts from Afghan Yellow Pages of California by Ariana Advertising) ii Serajuddin Wahaj (excerpts from Dard-e-Dil-e Afghan monthly publication) Nasir Durani (poster published by Afghan Center of Fremont, CA) License was obtained from Nova Development Corporation (Nova) to reproduce digital images of clipart and photos from Art Explosion CD ROMs. Photos from www.savethechildren.org.uk are used in accordance with the copyright owner’s specified restrictions, as posted on the website. Photos from www.usinfo.state.gov and www.usaid.gov are used in accordance with guidelines provided by [email protected] on “public domain.” Additional photos were obtained from: www.defenselink.mil www.usmc.mil www.navy.mil www.dodmedia.osd.mil www.defendamerica.mil Other images are courtesy of royalty-free Stock Exchange (www.sxc.hu), MorgueFile (www.morguefile.com) and Pixelquelle (www.pixelquelle.de); no permission or photo credits are required. Permission to use copyrighted material was granted on the condition that it be used exclusively for nonprofit educational purposes. Further reproduction is unauthorized. Cover photograph by Luke Powell. iii iv Table of Contents Lesson 5: Personal Belongings.........................................................................................1 to‘ اﺣﺘﻴﺎج داﺷﺘﻦ and ﺿﺮورت داﺷﺘﻦ Possessive construction with pronouns; verbs need’ Lesson 6: In Kabul..........................................................................................................21 Future tense Lesson 7: In the Village ..................................................................................................47 Subjunctive mood indicating possibility; verbs used with prepositions; short forms of pronouns added to nouns Lesson 8: At the Bazaar..................................................................................................67 /raa/ را Comparative adjectives; direct objects marked by particle Review 5-8.........................................................................................................................91 Glossary ............................................................................................................................93 v Glossary 1 – 8 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari GLOSSARY a little / a bit ﮐﻤﯽ address ﺁدرس after ﺑﻌﺪ از[ = ﺑﻌﺪ] [ = ﭘﺲ از] afternoon ﺑﻌﺪ ازﻇﻬﺮ (ﺑﻌﺪ ازﭼﺎﺷﺖ) (ﺑﻌﺪ ازﭘﻴﺸﻴﻦ) airport ﻡﻴﺪان هﻮایﯽ American Embassy ﺳﻔﺎرت اﻡﺮیﮑﺎ and و apple ﺳﻴﺐ at / in در (دﻩ) bad ﺑﺪ Bamyan ﺑﺎﻡﻴﺎن beautiful / pretty ﻡﻘﺒﻮل [ = ﻗﺸﻨﮓ] [ = زیﺒﺎ] beige ﮐﺮیﻤﯽ berry ﺗﻮت bicycle ﺑﺎیﺴﮑﻞ big / large ﮐﻼن [ = ﺑﺰرگ] blue ﺁﺑﯽ bread ﻥﺎن ﺧﺸﮏ [ = ﻥﺎن] bridge ﭘﻞ brother ﺑﺮادر brown ﻥﺼﻮارﯼ bus ﺑﺲ [ = ﺳﺮویﺲ] businessperson ﺗﺎﺟﺮ buttermilk دوغ by ازﭘﻬﻠﻮﯼ camel ﺷﺘﺮ car ﻡﻮﺗﺮ carpet / rug ﻗﺎﻝﻴﻦ cattle ﮔﻠﻪ cheap ارزان child / baby ﻃﻔﻞ cigarettes ﺳﮕﺮت 93 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1 - 8 city ﺷﻬﺮ colorful رﻥﮕﻴﻦ computer ﮐﻤﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ cookies ﮐﻠﭽﻪ corn on the cob ﺟﻮارﯼ داﻥﻪ ﻥﺸﺪﻩ dirt road راﻩ ﺧﺎﻡﻪ doctor داﮐﺘﺮ dog ﺳﮓ donkey ﺧﺮ [ = ﻡﺮﮐﺐ] enough ﮐﺎﻓﯽ (ﺑﺲ) evening ﺷﺎم (evening meal (dinner ﻥﺎن ﺷﺐ [ = ﻃﻌﺎم ﺷﺐ] (ﻥﺎن ﺷَﻮ) .Excuse me ﺑﺒﺨﺸﻴﺪ. (ﺑﺒﺨﺸﻴﻦ) expensive ﻗﻴﻤﺖ [ = ﮔﺮان] family ﻓﺎﻡﻴﻞ far دور farmer دهﻘﺎن father ﭘﺪر food ﻏﺬا (ﻥﺎن) fresh ﺗﺎزﻩ from از fruit ﻡﻴﻮﻩ furniture ﻓﺮﻥﻴﭽﺮ [ = ﻡﺒﻞ وﻓﺮﻥﻴﭽﺮ] Gardez ﮔﺮدیﺰ glove دﺳﺘﮑﺶ good / fine / nice ﺧﻮب government employee ﻡﺎﻡﻮر grandfather ﭘﺪرﮐﻼن grandmother ﻡﺎدرﮐﻼن grape اﻥﮕﻮر green ﺳﺒﺰ (Hamid (male name ﺣﻤﻴﺪ happy ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل [ = ﺧﻮش] he / she / it او 94 Glossary 1 – 8 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari health clinic ﮐﻠﻴﻨﻴﮏ ﺹﺤﯽ Herat هﺮات here ایﻨﺠﺎ (ایﻨﺠﻪ) home ﺧﺎﻥﻪ horse اﺳﭗ hospital ﺷﻔﺎﺧﺎﻥﻪ house / home ﺧﺎﻥﻪ ?…How about ... ﭼﻄﻮر؟ ?How are you ﭼِﻄﻮراﺳﺘﯽ؟ ?How many?/ How many pieces ﭼﻨﺪ؟ [ = ﭼﻨﺪ داﻥﻪ؟] (ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ؟) ?How much ﭼﻘﺪر؟ (ﭼﻘﻪ؟) ?How ﭼﻄَﻮر؟ (ﭼﻄﻮر؟ / ﭼﻄﻮ؟) hungry ﮔﺮﺳﻨﻪ (ﮔُﺸﻨﻪ) husband ﺷﻮهﺮ (ﺷﻮﯼ) I ﻡﻦ (ﻡﻪ) .I am fine ﺧﻮب اﺳﺘﻢ. in / at در (دﻩ) in front of ﭘﻴﺶ روﯼ[ = روﺑﺮوﯼ] inn / guest house ﻡﻬﻤﺎن ﺧﺎﻥﻪ Intercontinental Hotel هﻮﺗﻞ اﻥﺘﺮﮐﺎﻥﺘﯽ ﻥﻨﺘﻞ is not ﻥﻴﺴﺖ (ﻥﻴﺲ) .It is not possible اﻡﮑﺎن ﻥﺪارﻩ. Jalalabad ﺟﻼل ﺁﺑﺎد juice ﺷﺮﺑﺖ kabob ﮐﺒﺎب Kabul ﮐﺎﺑﻞ (Karta-e-Sey (a district ﮐﺎرﺗﻪء ﺳﻪ (Khaled (male name ﺧﺎﻝﺪ kilogram ﮐﻴﻠﻮ [ = ﮐﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮام] laborer / worker ﮐﺎرﮔﺮ left side ﻃﺮف ﭼﭗ (دﺳﺖ ﭼﭗ) life زﻥﺪﮔﯽ (little (amount ﮐﻢ man ﻡﺮد 95 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1 - 8 market ﺑﺎزار Mazar-e-Sharif ﻡﺰارﺷﺮیﻒ meat ﮔﻮﺷﺖ melon ﺧﺮﺑﻮزﻩ midday / noon ﻇﻬﺮ(ﭼﺎﺷﺖ) minute دﻗﻴﻘﻪ money ﭘﻮل (ﭘﻴﺴﻪ) morning ﺹﺒﺢ (morning meal (breakfast ﭼﺎﯼ ﺹﺒﺢ [ = ﻥﺎﺷﺘﺎ] mosque ﻡﺴﺠﺪ mother ﻡﺎدر motorcycle ﻡﻮﺗﺮﺳﻴﮑﻞ much / many / a lot زیﺎد [ = ﺑﺴﻴﺎر] mud house ﺧﺎﻥﻪء ﮔﻠﯽ Muslim clergyman ﻡﻼ (Nahid (female name ﻥﺎهﻴﺪ (Nasima (female name ﻥﺴﻴﻤﻪ (Nazi (female name ﻥﺎزﯼ near / close ﻥَﺰدیﮏ (ﻥِﺰدیﮏ) new ﻥﻮ next to ﭘﻬﻠﻮﯼ [ = ﮐ ﻨ ﺎ رِ] night ﺷﺐ no ﻥﻪ (ﻥﯽ) (noon meal (lunch ﻥﺎن ﭼﺎﺷﺖ [ = ﻃﻌﺎم ﭼﺎﺷﺖ] now ﺣﺎﻻ [ = اﮐﻨﻮن] (ﺣﺎﻝﯽ) number ﻥﻤﺮﻩ [ = ﺷﻤﺎرﻩ] old ﮐﻬﻨﻪ on ﺑﺎﻻﯼ [ = روﯼ] ( ﺳ ﺮِ) people ﻡﺮدم (piece (counter داﻥﻪ (ﺗﺎ) pillow ﺑﺎﻝﺸﺖ pomegranate اﻥﺎر poor ﻓﻘﻴﺮ[ = ﻥﺎدار] (ﻏﺮیﺐ) professor ﭘﺮوﻓﻴﺴﻮر[ = اﺳﺘﺎد] (ﭘﺮوﻓﻴﺴﺮ) 96 Glossary 1 – 8 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari purple ﺑﻨﻔﺶ purse دﺳﺘﮑﻮل Qandahar ﻗﻨﺪهﺎر red ﺳﺮخ rice ﺑﺮﻥﺞ rich ﭘﻮﻝﺪار[ = ﻏﻨﯽ] right side ﻃﺮف راﺳﺖ (دﺳﺖ راس) rotten ﭘﻮﺳﻴﺪﻩ (Saleh (male name ﺹﺎﻝﺢ savory pastry with delicious filling ﺑﻮﻻﻥﯽ school ﻡﮑﺘﺐ seller / street vendor ﻓﺮوﺷﻨﺪﻩ (Shahr-e-Nau (a district ﺷﻬﺮﻥﻮ (Sharif (male name ﺷﺮیﻒ shawl ﺷﺎل shopping ﺧﺮیﺪ shrine زیﺎرت [ = ﻡﻘﺒﺮﻩ] sign ﻝﻮﺣﻪ sister ﺧﻮاهﺮ small ﺧﻮرد [ = ﮐﻮﭼﮏ] small rug ﻗﺎﻝﻴﻨﭽﻪ some ﺑﻌﻀﯽ soup ﺷﻮرﺑﺎ (ﺷﻮروا) spicy chickpea and potato salad ﺷﻮرﻥﺨﻮد وﮐﭽﺎﻝﻮ spicy fried potatoes ﭘﮑﻮرﻩ straight ﻡﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ [ = روﺑﻪ رو] street ﺳﺮﮎ [ = ﺟﺎدﻩ] [ = ﮐﻮﭼﻪ] taxi ﺗﮑﺴﯽ tea ﭼﺎﯼ teahouse ﭼﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﻥﻪ teacher ﻡﻌﻠﻢ .Thank you ﺗﺸﮑﺮ. that ﺁن (او) there ﺁﻥﺠﺎ (اوﻥﺠﻪ) 97 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari Glossary 1 - 8 they ﺁﻥﻬﺎ (اوﻥﻬﺎ / اوﻥﺎ) thirsty ﺗﺸﻨﻪ (ﺗُﺸﻨﻪ) this ایﻦ (اﯼ) to ﺑﻪ to be ﺑﻮدن/ ﺑﺎش/ ﺑﻮد to be asleep ﺧﻮاب ﺑﻮدن/ ﺑﺎش/ ﺑﻮد (ﺧَﻮ ﺑﻮدن) to buy ﺧﺮیﺪن/ ﺧﺮ/ ﺧﺮیﺪ to cook ﭘُﺨﺘﻦ/ ﭘَﺰ/ ﭘُﺨﺖ (ﭘُﺨﺘﻪ ﮐﺮدن/ ﮐﻦ/ ﮐﺮد) to do ﮐﺮدن/ ﮐُﻦ/ ﮐﺮد to drink ﻥﻮﺷﻴﺪن/ ﻥﻮش/ ﻥﻮﺷﻴﺪ to eat ﺧﻮردن [ = ﻏﺬا ﺧﻮردن] (ﻥﺎن ﺧﻮردن)/ ﺧﻮر/ ﺧﻮرد to give دادن/ دﻩ/ داد to go رﻓﺘﻦ/ رو/ رﻓﺖ .....to go by means of ﺑﺎ ..... رﻓﺘﻦ .....to go to ﺑﻪ ..... رﻓﺘﻦ to have داﺷﺘﻦ/ دار/ داﺷﺖ to like ﺧﻮش داﺷﺘﻦ/ دار/ داﺷﺖ .…to like ...... را ﺧﻮش داﺷﺘﻦ to live زﻥﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﺮدن/ ﮐﻦ/ ﮐﺮد .....to live in در..... زﻥﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﺮدن .…to live with ﺑﺎ ..... زﻥﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﺮدن to meet ﻡﻼﻗﺎت ﮐﺮدن/ ﮐﻦ/ ﮐﺮد (دیﺪن/ ﺑﻴﻦ/ دیﺪ) …to meet with ﺑﺎ ..... ﻡﻼﻗﺎت ﮐﺮدن to need ﺽﺮورت داﺷﺘﻦ[ = اﺣﺘﻴﺎج داﺷﺘﻦ] (ﮐﺎرداﺷﺘﻦ) / دار/ داﺷﺖ to pass / to cross ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ/ ﮔﺬر/ ﮔﺬﺷﺖ (ﺗﻴﺮﺷﺪن/ ﺷﻮ/ ﺷﺪ) ..…to pass از ..... ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ (ﺗﻴﺮﺷﺪن) ..…to pass by ازﭘﻬﻠﻮﯼ ..... ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻦ (ﺗﻴﺮﺷﺪن) to pray ﻥﻤﺎزﺧﻮاﻥﺪن/ ﺧﻮان/ ﺧﻮاﻥﺪ to see دیﺪن/ ﺑﻴﻦ/ دیﺪ to sell ﻓﺮوﺧﺘﻦ/ ﻓﺮوش/ ﻓﺮوﺧﺖ to shop ﺧﺮیﺪ ﮐﺮدن/ ﮐﻦ/ ﮐﺮد ..…to shop at از..... ﺧﺮیﺪ ﮐﺮدن to sleep ﺧﻮاﺑﻴﺪن/ ﺧﻮاب/ ﺧﻮاﺑﻴﺪ (ﺧَﻮﮐَﺪَن) 98 Glossary 1 – 8 DLIFLC/ELTF/Dari to smoke ﺳﮕﺮت ﮐﺸﻴﺪن/ ﮐﺶ/ ﮐﺸﻴﺪ to study درس ﺧﻮاﻥﺪن/ ﺧﻮان/ ﺧﻮاﻥﺪ (to take (to consume ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ/ ﮔﻴﺮ/ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ to turn دورﺧﻮردن/ ﺧﻮر/ ﺧﻮرد to walk ﭘﻴﺎدﻩ رﻓﺘﻦ [ = ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﯼ رﻓﺘﻦ]
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