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□ YES! Please rush full details on the Group Accident Insurance Plan avail¬ Mutual/TN able to me as a member of the American Foreign Service Association. I understand no agent will call. s^Omaha.xL/ Name People you can count on... Address MUTUAL OF OMAHA INSURANCE COMPANY HOME OFFICE: OMAHA, NEBRASKA City State ZIP Code FILL OUT AND MAIL TODAY! FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL JUNE 1978: Volume 55, No. 6 American Foreign Service Association Officers and Members of the Governing Board ISSN 0015-7279 LARS HYDLE, President PAUL von WARD, Vice President THOMAS O'CONNOR, Second Vice President FRANK CUMMINS, Secretary JAMES R. MEENAN, Treasurer RONALD L. NICHOLSON, AID Representative Warp and Woodworm PETER WOLCOTT, ICA Representative JOSEPH N. McBRIDE, KENNETH N. ROGERS, JAMES R. VANDIVIER, in the Service State Representatives EUGENE M. BRADERMAN & ROBERT G. CLEVELAND, JAMES HANSEN 6 Retired Representatives SALT — A Path to Journal Editorial Board JOEL M. WOLDMAN, Chairman Mutual Security JAMES F. O'CONNOR DAVID LEVINTOW HERBERT SCOVILLE, JR. 11 HARRIET P. CULLEY MICHAEL A. G. MICHAUD WESLEY N. PEDERSEN ARNOLD P. SCHIFFERDECKER Where Do I Hang My Head? NEIL A. BOYER PAT RENDAHL 14 Staff ALLEN B. MORELAND, Executive Director Housing in Washington: WILBUR P. CHASE, Counselor CATHERINE WAELDER, Counselor Myths and Realities CECIL B. SANNER, Membership and Circulation ANGELA PEDERSEN 17 CHRISTINA MARY LANTZ, Executive Secretary The Ashes of the Marshal Foreign Service Educational JOHN BOVEY 21 and Counseling Center Dining in D.C. BERNICE MUNSEY, Director/Counselor DONALD DRESDEN 30 AFSA Scholarship Programs LEE MIDTHUN

FSJ Newsbreak 4 Journal Book Essay: Diplomatic Challenges: SHIRLEY R. NEWHALL, Editor ANDREW H. LUDWIG, Editorial Assistant The US and the UN MclVER ART & PUBLICATIONS, INC., Art Direction Neil Boyer 31 The Bookshelf 33 Advertising Representatives Letters to the Editor 45 JAMES C. SASMOR ASSOCIATES, 521 Fifth Ave., Suite 1700, New York, N Y. 10017 (212) 683-3421 AFSA News 46 ALBERT D. SHONK CO., 681 Market St., San Francisco, Calif. 94105 (415) 392-7144 JOSHUA B. POWERS, LTD., 46 Keyes House, Dolphin Sq., Cover: Caracas, by Ovaline Tyburski London SW1 01-834-8023/9. International Representatives.

The FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL is the journal of professionals in with incomes over $15,000; $20 annually for less than $15,000. Associate foreign affairs, published twelve times a year by the American Foreign Members—Dues are $20 annually. Service Association, a non-profit organization. For subscription to the JOURNAL, one year (12 issues); $7.50; two years, Material appearing herein represents the opinions of the writers and is $12.00. For subscriptions going abroad, except Canada, add $1.00 annu¬ not intended to indicate the official views of the Department of State, the ally for overseas postage. United States Information Agency, the Agency for International Develop¬ Articles appearing in this journal are abstracted and indexed in Historical ment or the United States Government as a whole. Abstracts and/or America: History and Lite. While the Editorial Board of the JOURNAL is responsible for its general Microfilm copies of current as well as of back issues of the FOREIGN content, statements concerning the policy and administration of AFSA as SERVICE JOURNAL are available through the University Microfilm Library employee representative under Executive Order 11636 on the editorial Services, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 under a contract signed October 30, page and in the AFSA News, and all communications relating to these, are 1967. the responsibility of the AFSA Governing Board. Membership in the American Foreign Service Association is open to the ^American Foreign Service Association, 1978. The Foreign Service Jour¬ professionals in foreign affairs overseas or in Washington, as well as to nal is published twelve times a year by the American Foreign Service Association, 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington D C. 20037. Telephone (202) persons having an active interest in. or close association with foreign affairs. 338-4045 Membership dues are: Active Members—Dues range from $39 to $65 Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C and at additional post annually. Retired Active Members—Dues are $35 annually for members office. The fact that, for the most part, OCs have not had obvious pjgj NEWSBREAK effects upon mortality patterns from circulatory diseases does not rule out the possibility that their use may substantially affect mortality among certain subgroups particularly at risk of circu¬ THE BITTER PILL latory diseases, such as women over age 35 who are heavy cigarette smokers. A slight increase in mortality rates fora large The continuing controversy over the safety of the oral proportion of women or a substantial increase for a small pro¬ contraceptive pill has erupted in AID’s Bureau for Popu¬ portion of OC users would be difficult or impossible to detect in lation and Humanitarian Assistance. Charges and coun¬ such a study of age-specific mortality trends. tercharges are flying regarding the shredding of the Data from other sources suggest that, where OC use alters January 1978 Population Reports on “Oral Contracep¬ the risks of developing circulatory system disease, it does so tive Use and Circulatory Disease Mortality,” prepared only to a small degree in most users but may increase risks by Ward Rinehart, Dr. R. T. Ravenholt, Director of appreciably for only a small proportion of women—particularly AID’s Office of Population, and Dr. J. Joseph Speidel, older women who are heavy cigarette smokers or those with Deputy Director.* The report was shredded and a new other predisposing conditions. Mortality rate trends, in combi¬ one prepared by direction of Assistant Administrator of nation with these new analyses of other data on OC use, imply that a fruitful course for further research may be to further the bureau, Sander M. Levin (with a new introduction identify those women who cannot use OCs safely and who and conclusion, still bearing the names of the three au¬ would be taking fewer risks if they chose another contraceptive thors but without their consent). Dr. Ravenholt says that method. the new report will also have to be destroyed since it contains three factual errors in the front page summary. Conclusion This will bring the cost to the Agency for the two reports Mortality trends among females of reproductive age in the to $25,000, with no publication to show for the money. United States, England and Wales, Denmark, and Japan from Administrator Levin says that the Introduction and all diseases of the circulatory system, ischemic heart disease, Summary of the original report “seem to understate the cerebrovascular disease, and hypertensive disease have been possible risks” of the pill. Dr. Ravenholt, whose career generally favorable during the oral contraceptive era. These findings suggest that any adverse effects of OC use upon the in population planning started in 1966 and whose biog¬ arterial system, if they exist, must be of modest proportions; raphic sketch lists some 107 publications, charges that though this does not rule out the possibility, consistent with this judgment was made by someone without experience previous cohort and case-control studies, of substantial attack and education in the biomedical, epidemiological, public rates of certain circulatory diseases among a number of sub¬ health and family planning sciences and urged that ines¬ groups, such as older women who are heavy cigarette smokers capably and truly technical matters be delegated to the or, to a lesser degree, those who have other predisposing condi¬ technical staff. tions. These generally favorable findings with respect to the The Journal has obtained one of the few remaining impact of OC use upon arterial disease are in contrast to the copies of the original report that escaped the shredder. In consistent body of evidence linking OC use to increased occur¬ the public interest we are publishing below the introduc¬ rence of venous thrombosis and embolism. tion and conclusion of the report that has excited such The suggestion that all OC users are subject to substantial risk from circulatory disease is not borne out by the analysis controversy. presented in this Report (60). The data from recent cohort and case-comparison studies are more consistent with the conclu¬ Introduction sion that risks of major circulatory system diseases, particularly Mortality trends from four countries—-the United States, En¬ heart attack and hemorrhagic stroke, are associated with OC gland and Wales, Denmark, and Japan—suggest that oral con¬ use in only a relatively small subgroup of women who have traceptives (OCs) have not contributed substantially to deaths other predisposing conditions, particularly older women who from most circulatory system diseases in women. In three coun¬ are heavy cigarette smokers. Such a conclusion does not con¬ tries where OC use is high, i.e.. the United States, England and flict with the mortality trends presented here since relatively Wales, and Denmark, annual death rates for women of repro¬ high death rates in a small group would probably have no de¬ ductive age generally have not changed in ways consistent with tectable impact on mortality rates for the general population. In changing levels of OC use. Often the trends for women of re¬ fact, the discussion of mortality trends presented in this Report productive age resemble those found among postmenopausal suggests the need for further studies of the relationships be¬ women, despite their general lack of OC use: in other cases tween OC use and vascular disease, particularly studies di¬ trends for women of reproductive age are unique but do not rected at detecting differences in risk for various groups of depart from patterns established before OCs became available. women in differing social and geographic settings. Mortality trends from non-rheumatic heart diseases (including Although additional information regarding the risks and bene¬ ischemic heart disease), cerebrovascular disease, and hyperten¬ fits of OCs is desirable, an analysis of risks versus benefits sion in these three countries do not reveal any consistent impact using current data suggests that they are an acceptably safe attributable to OC use, whereas US mortality trends from ve¬ means of fertility control for many women, particularly in de¬ nous thromboembolic diseases in the 1960s support the view veloping countries where risks of maternal mortality are high that OC use did increase the occurrence of these diseases and risks of vascular disease are relatively low (50. 51, 71). somewhat. Although an estimated 15 to 25 percent of women aged 1544 are using OCs in the Western countries examined in this Re¬ port, legal restrictions on OC use in Japan limited their use for RETIREMENT CASE family planning purposes to less than two percent of women The Supreme Court announced May 15 that it will hear aged 15-44. Hence mortality trends there make interesting com¬ the appeal of Bradley v. Vance which concerns the ques¬ parisons with those from the countries with high levels of OC use. tion of whether Foreign Service employees may be re¬ quired to retire at age 60. It is expected that this will be *Population Reports is published by The George Washington Uni¬ one of the cases to be decided this coming fall session of versity Medical Center. the Court.

4 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 Ford celebrates its 75th anniversary with new better ideas... including diplomatic discounts.

78 MARK V DIAMOND JUBILEE EDITION this Mark V is for those who notice the small The most expensive production car made things which make a car great. Personalized in America. The Mark V Diamond Jubilee by such touches as a leather-bound toolkit Edition. Available in Jubilee Gold or Blue, and owner’s manual, and even an umbrella.

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78 FORD FAIRMONT The Ford in your future. Fairmont’s a new generation of car from Ford. With almost 90% of the interior space of some full-size cars, it has the fuel efficiency of a compact. A maintenance Please send me full information on using my diplomatic schedule of 12 months or 10,000 miles for oil discount to purchase a new • changes and 20,000 miles between tune-ups can drastically reduce maintenance costs. WRITE TO: DIPLOMATIC SALES: FORD MOTOR COMPANY 815 Connecticut Ave. N.W. Washington, D.C. 20006/Tel: (202) 785-6047

NAME. FORD ADDRESS. EXPORT CITY STATE DIVISION COUNTRY ZIP Among the other hazards of the life, there’s . . .

JAMES HANSEN Movers are an act of God and, besides prayer and joints, seams that open up, warping and spontaneous insurance, there is very little to do about them. But cracking are all typically caused by humidity changes. Foreign Service furniture suffers from some particular Sometimes, just the move into your house from the occupational diseases quite apart from physical violence. workshop or the store where you bought the piece is Unfortunately, antiques and fine handmade pieces are enough to cause damage. The house may be air- most affected. The junk for the kids’ rooms will probably conditioned and so relatively dry by local standards. last forever. If that beautiful old desk you have is a mass of loose The worst culprit is the change in humidity that hap¬ joints and leans whichever way it’s pushed the odds are pens when you take the antique you bought in London to, excellent that you took it to a dry climate and kept it there say, Niger or Bolivia. Or vice versa. Of course, the ex¬ a while. It was put together either with hide glue, made port production of fine antiques in Niger is rather low, by boiling down the hides and bones of cattle, or with a but most of what follows also applies to tribal masks, very similar product, fish glue. Until well into this cen¬ drums, carved Oriental screens and other such objects tury any decent piece of furniture was assembled with moving out of the Third World into the First. Loose these products. These glues depend on a certain moisture content to maintain their holding power. If they lose it, as Mr. Hansen is a former FSO now working as a journalist in Rome. occasionally happens also with extreme old age, the glue Before entering the Foreign Service he was a furniture designer. turns into a crystalline powder with a holding power of

FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C., 20006 Suite 1305 — Phone (202) 393-4220

CHANGES IN Group Life Program effective March 1, 1978

Additional insurance available up to $30,000 for those who have or take the basic $17,500 policy. It is with pleasure that we announce that our tirement or age 65 (whichever is first). Board is able to offer an additional unit of $10,000 Officers who are now members of the Association group life and AD&D for the active member, making may make application by using the amended form a total of $30,000. including information necessary to satisfy the Un¬ Members of the Association under 60 years of derwriter that they are in good health (see section age and on active service may subscribe for an of booklet entitled ENROLLMENT). additional $10,000, $20,000 or $30,000 Group Life and $10,000, $20,000 or $30,000 AD&D, effective Officers joining the Association who wish the March 1, 1978, at $85 a year per each $10,000 of additional insurance should make their application additional insurance, provided that this additional therefore at the same time es the application for coverage must terminate upon resignation or re¬ Group Life. NEW PREMIUM RATES Regretfully inflation has forced some changes in as of March 1, 1978 reads: our premium rates for the first time since 1929. RETIREMENT. Members who retire on an im¬ The new rates for old or new members for the basic mediate annuity may retain this policy unchanged $17,500 Group Life plus $17,500 AD&D, plus up to until age 65. If at age 65 they have held this policy $3,000 family coverage are: continuously for 20 years, they may continue to carry $5,000 plus reversionary if any, AD&D at To 41st birthday $100 per year (unchanged) $5,000 and Family Coverage (if they have been car¬ To 51st birthday $150 per year rying $17,500) at $185 per year (lesser amounts at To 65th birthday $185 per year lower premiums if they have been carrying less Over 65 for those who qualify for reduced coverage, than $17,500). $37 per $1,000 per year. Members who transfer without a break in service from the Foreign Service to another civilian position with the United States Government may continue their policy unchanged as long as they continue Coverage After Age 65 such Federal employment and have the same There is a minor change in retirement coverage privileges as noted above if they retire on an im¬ for old or new policies and the provision effective mediate annuity.

Application forms and Booklet available on request. JJ 8 yiV AS S3SS01 ■ STOLEN LUGGAGE . FIRE DAMAGE • BODILY INJURY LIABILITY • BREAKING AND ENr^ *4/ L.MARINE •PILFERAGE . Gentlemen Tell meallaboutTravel-Pak. City Address. Name FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June.1978 see aTRAVEL-PAKbrochurewitheithercom¬ travel-pale! pany name. For awhilewe’llsignourads you’re livingoutsidetheUnitedStates. staff ofinsuranceprofessionals—sameconven¬ Shaw StenhouseInc.ofWashington,D.C.Same P.S. AndwhenyoureturntotheWashington ... Soyou’llnotbeconfusedincaseyoushould James W.BarrettCompany,Inc. Now, yourTRAVEL-PAKwillcomefromReed from JAMESW.BARRETTCompany,Inc. overseas forawhileyou'veboughtTRAVEL-PAK ing householdandpersonalpossessionswhen ient address—samegreatTRAVEL-PAK,cover¬ Whenever youplannedtoset-uphousekeeping REED SHAWSTENHOUSEINC. WHEN YOU'REGOINGTOLIVEABROAD! James W.BarrettCompany,Inc. gram coveringyourhome,autoandlife. set-up asound,economicalinsurancepro¬ area—call uswe’llbehappytohelpyou REED SHAWSTENHOUSEINC. OF WASHINGTON,D.C. A REEDSHAWSTENHOUSECOMPANY OF WASHINGTON,D.C. 1140 ConnecticutAve.,N.W. Telephone: 202-296-6440 Washington, D.C.20036 Insurance Brokers . State. and -ZiP- 16B .♦« C9 O m O O CD > ■o CO V) m > t- O TJ * 5 3) > € 2 > H 3D > o o E o O cc 5 -I u. • joint andhopeitgetsbetter.Itwon’t,butallthatwater exactly zero.Nowthebadnews.Ifthishasalreadyhap¬ joints andunder-surfacesofyourfurniture.It’snota cracking andsplitting.Splittingisjustcarriedto don’t dependonawatercontent. gether, orhavesomeoneelsedoit,useoneofthemodern piece apartandreglueit.Youcan’tjustpourwateronthe pened, it’stoolate.Theonlythingyoucandoistakethe come withabow-front.Itwarped.Warpingiswhathap¬ the resultofapiecedryingout,eitherunevenlyortoo resin glues(notepoxy,uselessforthissortofwork)that might hurtthefinish.Whenyouputpiecebackto¬ exactly thesameaswithcrackingorsplitting.Thediffer¬ out orbecomesmorehumidunevenly.Themechanismis flexible enoughnottohavecrackwheniteitherdries bedroom youmayhaveabow-frontdresserthatdidn’t piece ofwooddriesmorerapidlythanthereststrainsare rapidly. Woodshrinkswhenitdries.Whenonepartofa its logicalconclusion.Inanycase,botharenearlyalways carvings andothernicewoodenobjectsyouhave?First left onyourcounselor’sdesk,youstillhavetogothe instead oftearingitapart. ence isthatthestresschangesshapeofwood pens whenthepieceofwoodconcernedisthinenoughor set upthatcantearthewoodapart.Somewhereinaspare of all,keepyourhousereasonablyhumidified.Ifyou Sahel. Whatcanyoudotoprotectthegoodfurniture, evaporates rapidly.Thisisprobablyagoodideaanyway water out,flatoneswithlotsofsurfaceareasothe don’t wanttospringforafancyhumidifierleavepansof piece. Joints,likethoseinsideadesk,thatarehardto to whateverisontop.Ifit’soil,oilthebottomtoo.Re¬ tops andsoforthshouldbesealedwithsomethingsimilar complete solutionbutitwillhelp.Theundersidesoftable pleasant animals,youshoulddowhatcantosealthe and drowninit.Wherehumidificationisimpractical,a will neverfigureoutwhatthewaterisforandcome your firstfewmonthsinthenewclimate.Alsoants adjust graduallytothestress,orgetitdryevenly. and drippingshellacinyourhair. candle end.Thismaybenicerthanlyingonyourback since it’llkeepyourlipsfromshreddingasbadlyduring oration; allover,topandbottom,withwhateverfinish is between carvingoroilitveryheavily.Youwantto do Wood carverseithercovertheirworkwithplastic film to havethewoodeitherdryveryslowly,soithastime to muck ituptoomuchoryoumaylowerthevalueofyour member, itdoesn’thavetobebeautifulbuttrynot room youdon’tusethatoftenorwhereitattractsun¬ stance, anAfricanmaskpaintedwithearthcolors, it which that’snotveryusefuladvice.Ifyouhave,for in¬ appropriate tothepiece.Therearesomeobjects for susceptible tocrackingandsplitting.Theansweris try reach withabrushcanalsobesealedbyrubbing have driedthe woodverywellbeforethey begancarving. tended bytheir makerstolastforever sotheymaynot back asthefront.Somethings, likemasks,weren’tin¬ bone dry.Putitonastand soasmuchairreachesthe evenly; thattheaircirculates freelyonallsides.That you candoistryandassure thatithasthechancetodry might beruinedifyoutried tooilorvarnishit.Aboutall more orlessthesamething.Sealwoodagainstevap¬ means youshouldn’thang it onawallunlessit’salready Maybe it’snotreallynecessarytodistinguishbetween All right.Let’ssupposethat,evenafterthetearsyou Carvings andotherornamentalworkareparticularly If that’s the case, good luck because there’s not really damp area like a basement. If you have to leave furniture much you can do unless you’re interested in investing in in storage in a humid country try to make sure it will be museum-style humidity-controlled glass cases. held in reasonably dry conditions, and get good insurance Flat planks, like panels, tabletops or the unintentional anyway. bow-front mentioned before are more inclined to warp Stateside Americans think worm-holes are wonderful than anything else though a thin panel will crack if you and lend a lot of charm to a piece of furniture. If the little look at it hard. When a tabletop is finished only on the top beasts ever got into a bamboo screen and kept you awake the wood below dries out faster and pulls the whole thing nights with their gnawing, you already know better. If it into a striking series of ripples that may not be exactly hasn’t happened to you, you should know that you really what you had in mind. Since warping is produced by the can hear your furniture being eaten. Go listen. If your same mechanism that causes cracking, you protect your table is making grumbling noises it has woodworms and furniture in roughly the same way. Make sure that you should do something about it fairly soon. True, it changes in the humidity level of the wood occur evenly takes a good deal of time to completely devour a table. through the whole piece by keeping it sealed, with the The point is that the little things have a surprisingly ac¬ same finish, all over. Wood can be unwarped, but it is a tive sexual life. They breed and spread, to other pieces tricky, somewhat messy business and it will ruin the for example, and that sort of epidemic is much harder to finish. In countries less rich than ours artisans still exist stamp out. The worms are not very athletic and since who do nothing but repair furniture. Have one of them do they usually start with the legs when they eat furniture it it. may be enough to use those plastic coasters, the ones Excess humidity is as much a problem as excessive usually employed to protect floors from casters, under dryness. It causes warping and is especially hard on ven¬ each piece. Resiny woods like cedar and the harder kinds eer work which tends to curl up and off whatever piece of pine don’t appeal to worms and you won’t have to it’s on. Shellac finishes may fog. Extreme humidity may worry too much about furniture made of these woods. also soften some glues, loosening joints and making the The various kinds of worms and insects that eat wood are glues more edible to local pests. Fortunately, it’s proba¬ not the same the world over so it is impossible to pre¬ bly not necessary to talk too much about humidity be¬ scribe one single cure. Ask a colleague or an employee. cause by the time it damages your furniture it has already You are not the first person ever to have worms in your destroyed your wardrobe with mold and mildew. That furniture, though it does sound terrible. means you’ve either already taken the right precautions The sad part about the worms and humidity and such is (dehumidification) or you’re not ever going to get around that the awful bright red stuff you bought for the kid’s to it anyway. But don’t store furniture you care about in a room because it was cheap ought to hold up fairly well, Picasso Stayed Here* If we wanted to name drop, our insurance department we could boggle your mind. through its Annual Govern¬ Because for decades, Security ment Service Floater. Storage has been Washington’s Decades of this kind of favorite place to store valu¬ efficient, personal service, and ables. And when it comes to a dedication to quality, have FSO valuables, the Govern¬ made Security an FSO moving ment will cover all expenses, and storage expert. And that’s providing special arrangements why anytime you need depend¬ are made in advance with your able service, it’s good to know transportation officer. Security is there. Silver, jewels, stamp and coin collections, and rare books are protected in Security’s vault. Temperature controlled areas are available for jfrrurifj) jSlwagf (Jornpang maximum protection and preservation of furs and off-season wardrobes. And paintings in our Art Room of UJashingfron MAIN OFFICE: receive the same storage treatment as paintings in 1701 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 (2021 224-5600 MARYLAND: one of Washington’s largest museums. Bethesda-Chevy Chase, Marlow Heights, White Oak In addition, hundreds of your colleagues use VIRGINIA: Alexandria. McLean

FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June. 1978 9 barring child violence. It was made with soft, junk wood that isn't strong enough to warp or split in any spectacu¬ lar way. It was put together with a plastic glue that is immune to humidity changes and it was spray-coated all over, top and bottom, with some synthetic lacquer be¬ cause it costs less to do it that way than it would to finish just the visible parts. Even the worms don’t like that furniture but you’re probably stuck with it until the kids finish it off. Most of the above can be reduced to a few simple rules if you take out the illustrations and the running commen¬ tary. So let’s sum up. First, furniture can be damaged by extremes of either humidity or dryness. On the whole, dryness is probably the more dangerous because its ef¬ fects are worse and because, being relatively more com¬ fortable to humans, you’re less likely to do anything about it. Second, you can protect your furniture by main¬ taining a more or less constant environment by either humidifying or dehumidifying the household air as you move from country to country. If you can’t do that, or even if you can, your furniture should be sealed to pro¬ tect the glue in the joints and insure that humidity changes take place evenly and gradually throughout the whole piece. Third, they told you when you joined the Foreign Service that you’d have to move around. Your childen get diarrhea and your furniture warps. You can “I'm sorry, but only one of you can come to Washington with me— always give it up and move back to Michigan. they don't even like two for the price of one there."

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10 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 Ever since formal Strategic Arms world. United States. The debate ignored Limitation Talks (SALT) began This distortion received its first the fact that the US had no plan or in November 1969, they have been major impetus in the debate follow¬ intention to increase the number of the centerpiece of US-Soviet rela¬ ing the SALT I agreements signed its launchers. The additional Soviet tions and a key element of our en¬ in Moscow in May 1972. There was launchers had no military signifi¬ tire foreign policy. They have been then almost no discussion of the cance and in any case were more a focus of continual, widespread major gain to our security from the than offset by a large US lead in media attention and public debate ABM Treaty, which restricted bal¬ MIRV (multiple independently not only in Washington but also listic missile defenses to two sites targeted reentry vehicles) war¬ throughout the nation. Unfortu¬ on each side (this was later reduced heads, a lead which has continued nately, despite this extensive to one site in the 1974 Protocol), a to grow in the ensuing years. Be¬ coverage, emphasis has been less level which ensured a mutual cause this debate focused on a false and less on critical security issues strategic deterrent posture for the picture of US inferiority, the entire and more and more on superficially foreseeable future. Without wide¬ SALT process was placed in bad popular nationalistic points. When spread ballistic missile defenses to repute; the public came to look on the talks began, there was a general cope with a retaliatory attack, nu¬ it as a Soviet ploy for obtaining understanding that they could lead clear aggression would be an un¬ superiority. This attitude has per¬ to major improvements in the thinkable act of national suicide no sisted with increasing vigor during mutual security of the two nations matter how effective a first strike the six years of SALT II. and indeed to a reduction in the might be. The Treaty destroyed If arms control negotiations are risks that the world would be con¬ any possible illusion that ABMs ever going to be a means of ending sumed in a nuclear holocaust. might be sufficiently effective for a the continually escalating arms Now, however, attention is primar¬ nation to survive a nuclear war. In race, then we must stop regarding ily directed to possible gains to the an age where thousands of nuclear them as a struggle for advantage Soviet Union from individual pro¬ weapons exist on both sides, no between the two superpowers. The visions of the agreement and the single action could have improved basic, but oft forgotten, tenet of consequent losses to the United our security to a greater extent. such negotiations is that neither na¬ States. SALT is regarded as a con¬ Yet the entire Congressional de¬ tion is going to sign an agreement test between adversaries rather bate and press attention focused on which lessens its security. Arms than an opportunity to improve the whether we had been outwitted by control negotiations are not what security of both nations and the the Soviet negotiators, because the mathematicians call a zero sum Interim Agreement on Offensive game in which if one player makes Dr. Scoville is currently Vice-President of Weapons allowed them to maintain a gain the other must sustain an the Arms Control Association; formerly he a larger number of ICBM and equal loss. The art of negotiation is was an Assistant Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and Deputy Di¬ submarine-launched ballistic mis¬ the development of measures that rector, Central Intelligence Agency. sile (SLBM) launchers than the allow both sides to be better off

FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June. 1978 11 under an agreement than they heavy ICBMs with more accurate ICBMs be limited to 550, the exact would be if no agreement were MIRV’d versions and US pro¬ level at which the US had unilater¬ reached. The question that the grams to replace its Minuteman ally decided to halt its deployment American public must ask in with a more accurate and higher program. This was significantly evaluating any agreement is yield modification and eventually below the level the Soviets would “Would our security be better off replace Minuteman with a new have been allowed under the 1974 under the agreement or under a missile, the so-called MX, would Vladivostok Accords. The quota situation of no controls on either provide such a mutual threat to the on SLBM tests would have main¬ side?” The Soviet Union must ask land-based missile portion of the tained the United States in a vastly the same question, and when both deterrent. This would create a very superior position since the US has nations receive a positive answer, dangerous situation, since there already deployed nearly 500 then a stable agreement will have would then be much stronger in¬ MIRV’d SLBMs, each with an av¬ been attained. centives for both sides either to erage of 10 warheads apiece, while One of the worst practices that launch a preemptive strike in time the Soviet Union had only just began in the early days of the of crisis or, at a minimum, to place begun testing its first SLBM with Nixon administration was to link their missiles on a hair-trigger alert two or three warheads. This failure arms control negotiations with to prevent them from being caught to recognize the need for balance or other foreign and military policy in their silos. This latter tactic perhaps the desire to satisfy objectives. This is a sure prescrip¬ guarantees invulnerability but hardline critics caused the Carter tion for inaction in the control of would increase very materially the proposal to be turned down and arms, which is by itself clearly in chances of an accidental nuclear some of its very good features were the US interest. It is hard enough catastrophe. consequently temporarily lost. to reach a common ground on limit¬ Any agreement must achieve The basic format of an eight-year ing weapons without simulta¬ qualitative and quantitative limita¬ Treaty, a short-term Protocol last¬ neously having to solve the many tions in such a manner that the cur¬ ing until September 1980, and a set worldwide problems inevitably rent stable strategic balance would of principles for SALT III negotia¬ arising between the US and the be maintained and that neither side tions were agreed upon in May USSR. Furthermore, linking arms would be in a position to extract 1977. Then a major breakthrough control with detente makes no any military or even political ad¬ apparently occurred in September sense; arms control is even more vantage. Finally, the individual 1977, while Foreign Minister important in a period of tension provisions of the agreement and the Gromyko was in Washington, and than in an atmosphere of detente. agreement as a whole must be veri¬ the basic provisions of the Treaty We cannot look at arms control as a fiable to the extent that no violation and Protocol were agreed upon. bargaining chip to extract conces¬ could present a significant security The SALT teams were sent back to sions from the Soviet Union in Af¬ risk or alter the strategic balance. Geneva to iron out the final details, rica or Asia. We have as much to In President Carter’s March and there was great optimism for an gain from turning down the arms 1977 proposal, which Secretary early agreement. However, as time race as it does. Mutuality of inter¬ Vance took to Moscow, there were has passed this optimism has faded, est must be the only criterion for a number of items, which if ac¬ the negotiations are still bogged successful arms control negotia¬ cepted would have improved down, and it is unclear when a final tions. mutual security and would have document will be available. A The first objective of the current significantly slowed the arms race. major element in this slowing down SALT negotiations is a reduction He called for a reduction of about process has been the public debate in the very large numbers of stra¬ 20 percent in the total number of in this country over certain leaked tegic delivery vehicles (ICBMs, strategic delivery vehicles and, provisions, which have been pur¬ SLBMs, and Intercontinental most importantly, significant re¬ ported to give an advantage to the Bombers) in the current arsenals of strictions on modernization of Soviet Union. Without any official both nations. However, an even existing strategic forces. A particu¬ overall public text it has been rela¬ more important goal, since the larly valuable proposal was for an tively easy for opponents of an number of weapons is already so annual quota of six ICBM and six agreement to argue that individual large as to no longer be very crit¬ SLBM tests per year. This would provisions were disadvantageous. ical, is limitations on the develop¬ have brought the development of The US negotiators were charac¬ ment and deployment of new types new types of ballistic missiles to an terized as having sacrificed US se¬ of weapons to replace those now almost total halt, since these small curity in exchange for Soviet ac¬ operational. Not only is this mod¬ quotas would have had to be used quiescence to any agreement. Any ernization process very expensive, up in proof-testing weapons al¬ change from the March 1977 pro¬ but in many cases the new weapons ready developed and deployed. posal was claimed a concession to are more dangerous than those now Unfortunately, a number of the the Soviets, and little attempt was in stockpiles. For example, at the other provisions were not bal¬ made to evaluate whether US secu¬ present time neither country has anced, perhaps because this was an rity would be better under the sufficiently high accuracy MIRV’d initial negotiating position, and the agreement than with an unre¬ ICBM warheads to threaten the Soviet leaders viewed these as an stricted arms race. 1CBM force of the other side, i.e., attempt to freeze the United States On February 24, 1978, the Ad¬ to have a so-called counterforce in a position of technological ministration finally released capability. However, the USSR superiority. For example, he pro¬ through the Senate Committee on programs to replace its existing posed that the number of MIRV’d Foreign Relations the principal 12 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 elements of the SALT II agree¬ very high as they were earlier in agreement would allow the air- ment as presently being negotiated. both the Vladivostok Accords and launched versions with ranges up The proposed Treaty includes the the March 1977 proposal. Now the to 2500 kms, but the numbers de¬ following major provisions: 1320 ceiling is slightly improved by ployed would be limited by the in¬ “An initial overall aggregate including within it any aircraft clusion of the delivery aircraft in level of 2400 strategic systems, to equipped to launch long-range the MIRV limit referred to above. be reduced to an agreed number be¬ cruise missiles. This has the dual A ban on such cruise missiles was tween 2160 and 2250 during the advantage of making the MIRV no longer possible in the aftermath term of the Treaty.’ ceiling somewhat more meaningful of the US decision to cancel the “A 1320 sublimit on MIRV’d and at the same time preventing an B-1 program and to rely instead on ICBM and SLBM launchers and unrestrained deployment of cruise cruise missiles to maintain the via¬ aircraft equipped with long-range missile systems. The sublimit of bility of the aircraft leg of the deter¬ cruise missiles. 820 on MIRV’d ICBM launchers rent Triad. The proposed agree¬ “A sublimit of an agreed number does not stop either nation from ment thus recognizes this US secu¬ between 1200 and 1250 on MIRV’d having a potential threat to the rity need but unfortunately lets out ballistic missiles. of Pandora’s Box this new technol¬ “A sublimit of 820 on MIRV’d “For example, the ogy, which can be used in many ICBM launchers.” other weapons systems. The proposed Protocol includes United States has many The deployment of sea- or land- the following provisions: aircraft based in launched cruise missiles with “A ban on deployment of mobile ranges in excess of 600 km is ICBM launchers and on the flight Europe or on carriers banned, but no restrictions are testing of ICBMs from such capable of striking placed on flight testing of such launchers. weapons up to ranges of 2500 km. “Limitations on the flight testing most of western USSR, This leaves open the door for con¬ and deployment of new types of and the Soviet Union tinued development of such sys¬ ballistic missiles. has the new Backfire tems during the three-year duration “A ban on the flight testing and of the Protocol. Once such deployment of cruise missiles ca¬ bomber. . weapons are developed and tested, pable of a range in excess of 2500 it may be very difficult to prevent km, and on the deployment of ICBM deterrent force of the other their deployment; the strategic cruise missiles capable of a range in side once sufficient accuracy has arms race could thus take off in a excess of 600 km on sea- or land- been attained. Thus the long-term totally new direction. Long-range based launchers.” survivability of the US force would sea-launched cruise missiles have This agreement for the first time not be guaranteed, but neither almost no US military justification will call for reductions in the total would this have been the case with so this failure to restrict their test¬ number of strategic delivery vehi¬ the 550 limit proposed in March ing could be an unfortunate cles. Even though the overall 1977. The opportunity to protect loophole, which was insisted on by aggregate of 2250 is higher than the the survivability of Minuteman the United States but which it may 1800 to 1900 proposed by President through MIRV limitations was lost someday come to rue. Land- Carter in March 1977, it is en¬ when the decision was made not to launched long-range cruise missiles couraging since in previous cases deal with MIRVs in SALT I before have more potential military justifi¬ the ceilings were set higher than they had been deployed. Those cation, but they open up an entirely existing levels. At present the persons most critical of the pro¬ new dimension in the strategic Soviet Union has about 2500 deliv¬ posed SALT II agreement for not arms race. Based in Europe they ery vehicles so this will force them protecting Minuteman are the very could threaten strategic targets to scrap a significant number of ones who opposed MIRV limita¬ throughout western USSR, revive missiles (about 300). The United tions in 1970 when only the US had Soviet fears of German aggression, States on the other hand is still developed them. Once the United and significantly alter the current below the 2250 and could not ex¬ States committed itself to large strategic balance which now de¬ ceed that level until the Trident scale MIRV’d ICBM deployment, pends only on the intercontinental submarines become operational in it was inevitable that the Soviet forces of the US and the USSR. the early 1980s. Thus this basic Union would insist on being al¬ The failure to ban testing of these provision of the Treaty clearly lowed to match this force and thus weapons creates a touchy problem, leaves the United States in a rela¬ procure a threat to Minuteman sur¬ i.e., what restrictions will be placed tively more secure position than it vival. A good example of how an on the transfer of advanced cruise otherwise would be and cannot be uncontrolled arms race can de¬ missile technology to our NATO characterized as a concession to crease security. allies. A proscription would cause the Soviet Union. How to deal with the newest difficult political problems within The sublimits on MI RVs are still class of strategic weapons, the NATO but without any restrictions long-range cruise missiles, which the limitations on cruise missiles *On Secretary Vance's April trip to Mos¬ began development in the im¬ could become meaningless. cow the Soviet Union reportedly agreed to mediate aftermath of SALT I, has setting the limit on MIRV’d ballistic mis¬ The proposed Protocol would siles at 1200. in exchange for setting the probably been the thorniest prob¬ ban the flight testing and deploy- aggregate at 2250 delivery vehicles. lem of SALT II. The proposed | Continued on page 40

FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 13 “What I have—what thousands of Foreign Service Brats have—might be called culture dysphoria syndrome."—Robert Miner

CULTURAL DISCONTINUITY DURING THE TEENAGE YEARS

PAT RENDAHL

Fourteen-year-old Judy, having re¬ ions and the social norms of their are so adaptable” is a cliche often cently returned with her family to the peers. Werkman and Johnson con¬ used in an effort to minimize the United States after six years abroad, ducted a study in 1976 of teenagers problem. had been looking forward to the first who had moved abroad on an aver¬ The myriad of opportunities and day of school with the specific hope of age of every three years and com¬ benefits for foreign affairs employ¬ meeting some new kids she might like. pared them with teenagers who had ees and their families is well-known She had studied the hair styles and had lived through and won a confrontation never left the States. Of several and needs no repetition. It is with her mother concerning the dis¬ significant findings, the one that equally obvious that a life style of carding of several pairs of jeans be¬ impressed them most was “the dif¬ travel can only be considered ad- cause the width of the leg was not in ficulty of geographically mobile keeping with the current fashion. She children to find a place of some sig¬ Pal Rendahl, clinical social worker, Foreign entered the frighteningly huge school Sendee wife, and the mother of three, has nificance for themselves as they re¬ lived with her family in South Africa, Swe¬ and approached a group of girls asking turned to schools in the United den. Austria and in Ireland, where she was a them the whereabouts of the home States.” lecturer at Trinity College, Dublin. Since room. She was told there was no such Frustration and a temptation to receiving her degree from Columbia Uni¬ place and the strangers went their way versity in 1954, she has continued working giggling, Judy thought, most likely blame “the system” are often ex¬ with groups, families and individuals. Cur¬ about her and her stupid question. perienced by these youths and their rently she is in private practice with the Fighting tears, Judy walked the long families. Yet there has so far been Fairfax Psychotherapy Associates in Vien¬ corridors toward the office, over¬ no real organized effort to under¬ na, Virginia and is a member of the Foreign whelmed with memories of last year's stand and assist the adolescent Service Mental Health Committee and AAFSW. This paper is based on "Stress school and friends and the relief the whose life style has been one of and the Geographically Mobile Adoles¬ home room had offered after the for¬ high geographic mobility and con¬ cent" by Lee Dane. mality of the classrooms. tinual change. Individuals and That night there was an unhappy Born in 1936 of Southern parents in New teams motivated to work on this York City. Lee Dane experienced adoles¬ scene at the dinner table. It ended with task run up against a wall of resis¬ Judy screaming to her parents that she cence while living in Paris, Hamburg and hated to be back in America. tance on the part of the foreign af¬ Geneva. She joined the ranks of young fairs agencies and the families motherhood in West Africa. Cross-cultural themselves who point out the many adjustment iva.s for Lee an ongoing process—a life style. Her work as an in¬ Judy’s problem is well known to advantages offered to children who terpreter gave her insight into the role of the large majority of geographi¬ have the opportunity to experience psychology in communication and led to her cally mobile teenagers suddenly hit firsthand a variety of cultures and study of this subject. In Madras she worked by the impact of larger schools, the to gain substantially more under¬ as an assistant therapist. Mother of three, Lee is mental health liaison for AAFSW. comparative anonymity of life in standing as to how the rest of the She holds an annual Outward Bound style the United States, and their own world lives than is afforded the av¬ weekend retreat for Foreign Service teenag¬ lack of preparedness for the fash- erage American child. “Children ers returning from abroad.

14 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 Cultural Discontinuity and begin to understand the confusions and TIMES LIKE THIS the American Adolescent upheavals that I experienced at the age BY of 12, when 1 was suddenly thrust into LAURA HOMAN Margaret Meade and other an¬ the American scene after 12 years thropologists have found in recent abroad, and was expected (principally (Note: This poem was written at the age of 14 when the author and her family had been studies that there is virtually no by my peers) to understand and ap¬ sent to live in a country in Southeast Asia adolescent turbulence where there preciate life in the States. It took years for a two year stint.) is a simplicity of culture and an for me to feel comfortable as an Ameri¬ can. It was only after working in It’s times like this that early introduction to and acquisi¬ I’d like to fly away tion of adult roles. The United McGovern’s political campaign that I really began to feel a strong association To some distant shore States, however, is hardly known with the US and the desire to be iden¬ That’s almost half-forgotten now. for its simplicity of culture and tified as an American. It’s now when I wish I adolescence is a period of extreme Had silver wings that could change, biological and psychologi¬ The Main Task Take me back to when I was cal, under the most geographically According to psychoanalyst Eric Free from the crazed feelings stable conditions. Of alienation; To know again Erikson, famous for his research For mobile Americans who must and understanding of childhood The feelings of hope and dreams adapt to, in addition to their own, a Come true. and adolescent development, the variety of foreign cultures during major task of the adolescent is the I think I’m a little crazy now. their formative years, the business Crazy from loneliness and change. establishment of identity. This I’m no longer sure of who I am of growing up can be complex, to means essentially the acceptance of Or even what I was. Maybe I’ve say the least. Common problems his or her body and its correspond¬ Created a beautiful illusion for these young people include ing masculine or feminine role; the Because these days seem so much worse. over-exposure to stressful situa¬ establishment of good relationships Maybe when I believed I was happy, tions; cultural discontinuity that with members of the opposite sex; Life wasn 't a gingerbread world- often results in cynicism and ques¬ achieving emotional independence But it was sweet, I remember that. tions about identity; over-exposure from parents; choosing and prepar¬ Maybe I wasn’t beautiful and the world to hard drugs; educational disrup¬ ing for a vocation; and developing a Wasn’t my stepping stone. But, at least, tion and inadequate reflection on set of socially responsible attitudes I wasn’t an “ugly American” as I am career interests; the “travel bug now. and behaviors. Geographically syndrome’’—a desire, often unre¬ mobile teenagers can find the last I’ve lost myself somewhere between lated to personal growth, to per¬ Yesterday and today. three of these tasks particularly dif¬ petuate the travel experience; the ficult, especially if there is a lan¬ Gone from an All American Kid “fishbowl syndrome”—the knowl¬ to what. . . guage barrier and if the culture dif¬ A foreigner, a minority, and a edge that one is constantly in the fers markedly from that at home. lonely person. public eye, whether or not one Specialists in child development wishes to attract attention: and the find that in the transition between absence of a continuing peer group, childhood and adulthood the ado¬ without which the youth finds it dif¬ lescent repeatedly steps outside the vantageous to persons whose phys¬ ficult to gain some needed inde¬ family circle to discover alterna¬ ical and emotional well-being al¬ pendence from the family. tives for meeting social and lows them to enjoy what is offered. Studies focusing on stress as re¬ psychological needs. Within ado¬ We intend here to highlight some of lated to high geographic mobility lescent peer groups, cliques are the problems known to the large reveal that adolescents on the often formed to protect members adolescent population who find move appear to be more distant from “outsiders” and keep identity themselves participants in this from their peers and more inclined safe and intact. Much comparing is mode of living. to work things out on their own. done. These are the years when That there is indeed a set of prob¬ Generally speaking, they’re less Junior complains that his father is lems specific to and inherent in the secure about their future lives and not sufficiently interested in foot¬ highly geographically mobile life are often confused about voca¬ ball and daughter ridicules the style cannot honestly be denied. It tional plans. They know they want length of her mother’s skirts. From was reported in 1976 that three fam¬ to continue the mobile life, but age 13 to 15, a youth, when not ilies per week were medically they’re at a loss to know which with his friends, spends a greater evacuated back to the United career to use as a launching pad. share of his time in his room. Ques¬ States for reasons of health or fail¬ They're not as interested in pursu¬ tions abound. Priorities are ure to adjust of one member of the ing the higher academic degree as painstakingly being established. family. Although statistics change are their home-based counterparts. When the process is successful, the from year to year, there remains Finally, mobile youth feel less a same youth, between the ages of 16 substantial evidence that geo¬ part of American life and are often and 18 will be a welcome and in¬ graphic mobility and the repeated confused about national identity, teresting participant in family dis¬ need to adjust to one new living though this problem appears to di¬ cussions. Well into his own social situation after another pose a very minish after four or six consecutive world and feeling a strong sense of real threat to families and place years in the United States. As one self, he will be more respecting of them in the high risk range with re¬ college student put it: the values of his parents, even spect to physical and emotional I often feel that someone who has lived though he may not agree with well-being. all his life in the United States cannot them. FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 15 The achievement of emotional Foreign Service dependent who had Adaptation to Stress independence from parents is dif¬ just returned from Bangkok. This Stress researchers divide ficult if not impossible when one young man was feeling unhappy that strategies of adaptation into three must rely on one’s own family as the American image was deteriorating. categories: Mastery, coping, and the only source of continuity in an He said, “When I arrived in Bangkok defense mechanisms. otherwise changing world. There is three years ago, I could go anywhere in Mastery, of course, is the win¬ often no social network to offer the the city (very happily). It seemed to be a real advantage to me to be identified ning of the battle. Receiving the traveling teenager the needed re¬ as an American. But with the wind- degree after four long years of spite away from the family, or to down of Vietnam and other changes, I work, or scoring the touchdown provide opportunities for risk tak¬ found near the end it was almost im¬ that wins the game. In recognition ing that may result in greater wis¬ possible for me to do things I had done that teenagers form their friend¬ dom and more independence. This earlier; such things as getting on the big ships through shared activities of lack of peer collaboration per¬ overcrowded buses and riding for one preference, the various books, petuates dependence on parents baht (5 cents). If the corner on which I pamphlets and workshops designed who should not be relied upon as stood was empty except for me, most to facilitate cross-cultural adjust¬ the adolescent’s sole means of ment suggest pursuing one’s fa¬ emotional support if the youth is to vored activities wherever one goes. progress towards responsible “Had he hauled off and Through practice indeed comes adulthood. mastery. But mastery may be ir¬ hit the young Thai, his relevant to the maintenance of a The Adolescent Mind- family may have been healthy developmental environ¬ a Moratorium transferred, or his ment. A child who moves from Fin¬ During the later stages of adoles¬ land to Ethiopia may as well forget cence the youth becomes capable father reprimanded. about being an Olympic hopeful in of imagining an ideal self and is in¬ Whatever may have ice skating or cross-country skiing. creasingly more aware of personal happened, we see here The youth who moves with his fam¬ alternatives. There is a keen sense ily is not in a position to control of social responsibility and less in¬ the exaggerated these changes. clination to accept “conventional significance the family Coping or the ability to adapt to wisdom.’’ Upper middle class situations that seem or are James who resides in the suburbs and the employing realistically threatening is familiar can more acutely “feel” and un¬ organization have . . to all who experience high geo¬ derstand the life and surroundings graphic mobility. It is the the boil¬ of Jake who resides in the city and ing of the water or the soaking of is poor. Foreign affairs adults who the vegetables in potassium per¬ have developed these skills of of the bus drivers would not stop. manganate to cope with dangerous abstract thinking and the ability to When I tried to get off, unless Thais bacteria in some areas or taking ten “stand in the other guy’s shoes,” were getting off. they would frequently baths a day in hot, humid climates. go on several blocks before they would Physicians and psychotherapists thereby gaining broader perspec¬ let me off, and then only when a Thai tive, are perhaps the most success¬ report a high rate of success in was getting off the bus. One day, the using the approach of “anticipatory ful Americans abroad when it ultimate in insults from a Thai, a young comes to cultural adaptation. Iron¬ man spat on me and I had all I could do guidance” to help individuals cope ically, cultural discontinuity makes to control my temper.” with predictable life crises such as this type of learning difficult for the surgery, separation from loved foreign affairs junior who is still too That this young man did indeed ones or divorce. The anxiety ex¬ hard at work establishing his or her hold on to his temper suggests a perienced by the patient who has own self identity. keen awareness as to where he was been forewarned about the pain Erikson describes the adolescent and the emotional climate of his that will result within the first 24 mind as “essentially a moratorium, environment. Had he hauled off hours after surgery is minimal a psychosocial stage between and hit the young Thai, his family compared to the often devastating childhood and adulthood, and be¬ may have been transferred, or his anxiety brought on by pain that has tween the morality learned by the father reprimanded. Whatever may not been anticipated. These find¬ child and the ethics to be developed have happened, we see here the ings have strong relevance for by the adult.” The need for strong exaggerated significance the family foreign service families about to identification with one’s own cul¬ and the employing organization embark on a tour abroad, and for ture is imperative in order to have for the adolescent involved in teenagers preparing for re-entry. achieve a responsible adulthood cross cultural mobility. Youths Defense mechanisms are uncon¬ that blends comfortably with the such as this young man find that sciously called into play when one meeting of one’s emotional needs. upon re-entry into the United needs to block out the frightening States there is much adaptation reality situation for protection Heavy Duty for a Kid work to be done. One need only against it. No need to worry about Dr. Frank Johnson told the fol¬ consider the confusion that may what doesn’t exist. Classic defense lowing story in a speech given in have resulted were this same young mechanisms rely heavily on 1976: man spat upon at a bus stop in avoidance, denial and the reduction Recently it was my privilege to have a downtown Washington during his of information. lengthy conversation with a 17-year-old first week back in the USA. Continued on page 43 16 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL. June, 1978 “Oh, to have a little house! homes, it would be some $20,000 more than the “average-house” es¬ To own the hearth and stool and all!” — Padraic Colum timate cited in the typical analysis. The Washington-area real estate picture is put into true perspective not through a perusal of advertise¬ ments or sales statistics but through human-interest stories of people searching for homes. Con¬ sider, if you will, the experience of Chip and Caron Carter, of the Washington and Plains Carters. Having sold their trailer home in Georgia, they moved in with their I □ lousing in Washington parents in Washington in January this year. Wanting a place of their own, however, and with a limited Myths and Realities personal budget, they began hunt¬ ing for a house in the under-$70,000 range. Friends quoted by AP re¬ porter Ann Blackman said the ANGELA PEDERSEN couple was “shocked” by the prices asked. They were still look¬ ing when this magazine went to It is difficult for many Foreign him at his post, he (or she!) is un¬ press. Service families returning from likely to be prepared for a face-to- As Ms. Blackman put it, the the field to escape the notion— face confrontation with the changes young Carters had joined “scores actually inaccurate—that the cost that have occurred on the housing of Carter staffers who have learned of housing in the Washington area front in the District of Columbia one of the cruel financial facts is inflated out of all proportion to and its suburbs in recent years. about this city: there’s little avail¬ that in the rest of the United States. Bold-face ads in the weekly sec¬ able for under $70,000 to $80,000, If it is any consolation, the feeling tions conjure up visions of multi¬ and even that won’t buy much.” is shared by some corporate and plicity of new, individual homes Carterites from Georgia (the Administration officials newly as¬ available in desirable locations at term is not necessarily redundant) signed to the nation’s capital from old-fashioned bargain prices. Some have more reason than many new¬ communities spotted around the economic-trend analyses reinforce comers to Washington to be sur¬ country where real estate markets the impression that housing is still prised by the cost of housing. Un¬ are sluggish. basically inexpensive for Washing¬ like arrivals from, say, Los Angeles, San Francisco, New The massive deterioration of the ton; they tell of average prices in the low-$70,000 range for older as York, or Chicago, they are not ac¬ dollar abroad is, in some ways, climated to the prices demanded in easier for a Foreign Service officer well as just-built homes. Unfortunately, the new homes a “hot” real estate market. The to accept than the discovery that Georgians’ beacon city, Atlanta, is the house he sold for, say, $75,000 which appear such lustrous buys when advertised (“Prices start at not the boom town it was a few when he went overseas five years years ago. A three-bedroom, ago may now have a price tag of $37,500!”) are all too often tiny, poorly equipped townhouses, single-bath house that would bring $135,000. The fact that the 1973 over $80,000 in the Washington sale may have brought him a bit of situated long miles beyond what used to be considered the remotest area can be bought there for profit fades from memory when he roughly half that figure, and the is hit by the abrupt, stomach- of Washington suburbs. Older (“existing”) residences are gener¬ city is pocked with unsold con¬ wrenching conviction that he has dominiums. somehow “lost” $60,000. The sen¬ ally available in the under-$70,000 bracket only if they are boxlike, The disillusionment of large sation intensifies when he also numbers of Carter appointees with realizes that he has missed out on hard to reach, or in urgent need of the Washington housing situation five years of rent receipts—receipts renovation, along with their that would easily have covered the neighborhoods. actually began weeks before the Just as vexing is the fact that the 1977 inauguration. Some arrived mortgage payments. monthly area-wide median price for expecting to locate homes in Such a reaction is understand¬ homes is calculated not only on Georgetown or on Capitol Hill. able. Even if the officer has had the sales of detached dwellings, as What they found, instead, were weekly real estate sections of the many surmise, but on the turnover condominiums in Virginia high- Washington newspapers mailed to in townhouses, condominiums and rises, and then at prices steeper cooperative apartments as well, a than originally envisaged. Many Angela Pedersen is a Foreign Service wife practice akin to proclaiming a me¬ went the rental rather than the pur¬ long active in real estate in the Washington area. She will answer questions about hous¬ dian price for apples, oranges and chase route. ing addressed to her in care of the Foreign potatoes. If the median price were The Washington Star's Lynn Service Journal. given for two-story traditional Rosellini summed up the response FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 1 7 of the soon-to-be minted officials in Washington prices astronomical? sometimes spectacular results. a story published on December 21, Tomorrow, yes. Today, no. Mount Pleasant, nestled between 1976, and headlined “Shock, Today, “astronomical” is the 16th Street, N.W., and Rock Creek Anger, Disbelief at Housing Cost: word that best describes real estate Park and fairly close in, comes to Carterites Meet Area Problem.” costs in Los Angeles. There, ac¬ mind immediately. There, town- Said Ms. Rosellini: cording to the National Associa¬ houses (you understand, of course, “The newcomers want close-in tion of Realtors, the average two- how utterly, utterly declasse it is to houses and lots of charm. They bedroom existing single-family call a rowhouse a rowhouse these want tennis courts, good schools, home now brings nearly $127,000, days) were selling for $80,000 and beamed ceilings and backyards. the average new home almost up this spring. But Joseph L. Don¬ They want safety. And they want $187,000, and the average con¬ nelly, president of J. Lee Donnelly to pay no more than $40,000 to dominium $133,000. & Son, a firm appraising homes for $50,000 to buy a home.” Tomorrow, “astronomical” will many lending institutions, believes Though Washington real estate be the word for the amount Nan Mount Pleasant prices may climb agents were stumbling over one and Jody Powell’s house will bring. as much as 20 percent by autumn. another in their efforts to garner the Assuming a conservative annual With “buy and redo” now very prestige that comes with the sale of increase in value of 12 percent (the much the “in” thing, and with the property to members of an incom¬ 1977 rate of increase in the Wash¬ virtual disappearance of buildable ing Administration, the gut reac¬ ington area overall was actually lots, not to mention increasing tion of many of the Carter people more than 15 percent, which means speculation and the soaring costs of was that they were surrounded by the house has already appreciated new-home construction, even shell unscrupulous sales personnel try¬ markedly), their “non-bargain” (i.e., gutted or near-gutted) houses ing to rip them off. They made their home will be worth at least are going for prices undreamed of feelings eminently clear to Ms. $200,000 just five years from now. by District residents a few years Rosellini. In point of fact, however, the figure ago. Even those who found addresses will almost certainly be $250,000 or Shells in the poorest sections of envied by longtime Washingtonians more, if one keeps in mind the lip¬ the city bring from $18,500 to were not convinced they had come smacking location and the fact that $40,000, with a minimum of $30,000 up with anything special. a price of $300,000 is already pro¬ needed for restoration. Move over White House Press Secretary jected for each of the 120 or so to the Dupont Circle area, mecca Jody Powell, for example, discov¬ townhouses to be built on the 125- for the hippies and Yippies of re¬ ered Ambassador James The- acre Foxhall Road estate sold for cent memory, and you can come up berge's home on Northwest Wash¬ development last year by former with a six- or seven-bedroom shell, ington’s ultra-fashionable Foxhall Vice President Nelson A. Rocke¬ circa 1890, for a bit over $100,000. Road and, with Theberge in feller. (When plans for the $300,000 In 1973 a similar structure would Nicaragua, was able to rent it for townhouses were announced, some have brought $40,000 at most. $700 a month, a modest fee in an Foxhall Road residents made very In the inner-city, the trend to¬ area noted for $200,000-and-up audible “there goes the neighbor¬ ward rehabilitation of homes by homes. When the Ambassador re¬ hood” noises.) upper-income professionals, many turned, Nan and Jody Powell found Actually, even a three-bedroom, of them young, has taken its toll. a three-bedroom home on the post-World War 1 townhouse in Unable to compete in the housing comer of nearby 45th and Lowell nearby Glover Park can be ex¬ marketplace, poorer families have Streets that had been owned by a pected to bring at least $200,000 by sometimes been forced into des¬ naval captain who had died a few 1983, and probably much more. perate hunts for affordable quar¬ months earlier. They bought it with The homes there now average ters. The result has been a demand a rare $100,000 no-money-down $100,000 each when sold, even for official action to insure accom¬ loan obtained from a Chevy Chase when bathroom and kitchen fix¬ modations for those affected. The bank on condition that they spend tures have remained the same for Washington Board of Realtors has $15,000 of their own money remod¬ decades, but the neighborhood, established a special committee to eling it. hard by exclusive Georgetown as aid families displaced by rehabilita¬ Last July 10, Parade magazine’s well as Foxhall Road, is “hot” and tion projects, apartment-to-con- Lloyd Shearer quoted Nan Powell getting hotter all the time. It’s a dominium conversions, and private as saying: “In Atlanta, when a prime candidate to join Capitol developments. young couple pays $100,000 or Hill, Foggy Bottom and Alexan¬ Except for an occasional adven¬ more for a house, that means they dria’s Old Town as a trendy com¬ turesome Foreign Service couple, have arrived. In Washington, real munity of prized, restored homes in few families returning from over¬ estate prices are astronomical. something like the Georgetown seas have elected to play the “shell We’ve paid $115,000 for a house manner. (The price of the average game.” Its effect on them has come that's not large enough for three of Georgetown home is now nearly primarily from the prodding it has us to live in (the Powells have an $200,000.) given Washington real estate prices 11-year-old daughter), and every¬ There are several other potential in general, for whenever one seg¬ one tells us it’s a bargain. Well, I Georgetowns scattered around the ment of the housing industry is guess it is, and we ought to feel District, given the increasing num¬ nudged upward, others are pulled good about it. But somehow the bers of couples buying up houses in along. price structure takes getting used relatively modest sections of the The average Foreign Service to.” city and renovating them with home-buyer looks not to the city

18 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 but away from it. He thinks of price will be near the $100,000 way off route 270, are other housing, yes, but he is likely to be mark. Montgomery County locales offer¬ more concerned with other fa¬ Because of a sewer moratorium ing a variety of new or recent cilities for his family—yards, in effect for several years, con¬ homes. Some townhouses there are schools, libraries, parks and play¬ struction of homes in Potomac and available at prices starting in the grounds, swimming pools and ten¬ much of the rest of Montgomery upper $30,000s, with particularly nis courts. He thinks, in other County was kept minimal. well-appointed end units selling in words, of the suburban or The effect has been felt in all of the lower $70,000s. suburban-like life. the older communities in the Some of the best housing oppor¬ If the idea of commuting lacks county, particularly those close in. tunities in the Washington area are appeal, he is apt to join similarly- In the Bethesda-Chevy Chase offered in Prince George’s County, inclined colleagues in one of the area just across the District line, a Montgomery’s Beltway partner in tree-lined neighborhoods of small two- or three-bedroom home, Maryland. The distance a Foreign Northwest Washington that has with one bath, no central air condi¬ Service officer must travel to and “family” stamped on every plat. If tioning, and over 40 years old, now from the Department of State, the the thought of paying a minimum of lists in the low $70,000s. A some¬ International Communication $175,000 does not trouble him, he what newer, larger and better Agency, or AID is offset, some may well turn to Cleveland Park, equipped three-bedroom house feel, by the amount of house and Wesley Heights, or Spring Valley, land $70,000 to $80,000 will buy in traditional breathing grounds for ‘‘It will be possible for Prince George’s. the families of diplomats of means. (Commuting, it should perhaps If $200,000 does not faze him, he commuters to walk, bus be noted at this juncture, can be far may consider Kalorama. (On occa¬ or drive to Metrorail more time- and energy-consuming sion, a home can be found for less than many purchasers initially than the norm in one of the com¬ stations, then be realize. It is easy to dismiss an ad¬ munities cited in this article, but whisked downtown in a ditional half-hour’s travel time in that occasion will warrant engrav¬ matter of minutes. the morning and again in the eve¬ ing on the golden tablets of the ning when caught in the rapture of a mind.) If the officer’s bank account Many Marylanders and new-home contemplation. But that consists of career-earned savings, Virginians have already extra hour a day amounts to five he will of necessity look elsewhere, hours a week, and, in a 48-week perhaps to the Potomac-hugging found that Metrorail work-year, totals 240 hours, or six Palisades, where a three-bedroom has greatly reduced 40-hour weeks! Still, the rush con¬ home can still be found in the $90s. tinues to communities more prop¬ Other popular communities in the their daily travel time.” erly ranked not as suburbs of District include North Cleveland Washington but as outposts, in¬ Park, Chevy Chase, American there can be expected to go for cluding developments in Anne University Park, and Barnaby $20,000 or so more. The area Arundel, Charles, Frederick and Woods. Prices in those areas can abounds in dramatic, high-impact Howard Counties in Maryland, be expected to start at $105,000. residences, many selling for and Loudoun and Prince William $350,000 and up. In all instances, Counties in Virginia.) If, however, the officer is willing Across the Potomac River from however, the values are excellent, to put in the additional time that Washington, the real estate map commuting demands, he will find a for Bethesda and Chevy Chase boast some of the finest public and has become three-dimensional. far broader selection of housing Spectacular high-rise condominium private schools in the nation, plus and prices in the suburbs of Mary¬ apartment buildings tower over land and Virginia. Even in Po¬ outstanding clubs, close proximity to the most prestigious names in re¬ many northern Virginia sites, from tomac, Maryland, and McLean, the vicinity of National Airport to tailing, and a fierce communal de¬ Virginia, two of the truly elite ad¬ Tyson’s Corner. Some of the units dresses in the nation, larger, more termination to cling to the stan¬ dards of a genteel past. offer floor space equal to that in modern homes can still be acquired many individual homes; others in the $90,000-to-$100,000 range, Kensington, bisected by Con¬ provide little more than eating and though their numbers grow smaller necticut Avenue just north of sleeping space. Prices may start in each month. These will not be the Maryland’s Chevy Chase, glories the upper $30,000s in some build¬ stately mansions of yesterday’s in its abundance of high-ceilinged, ings and go over $100,000 in others. dreams, but they will be comfort¬ Victorian frame homes. When Well over! able, well-appointed residences. these go on the market, the price is Northern Virginia is replete with In Potomac, for example, a usually at least $100,000. There townhouses as well. They can be five-bedroom, three-bath 1960s are, however, large numbers of found in the shadows of high-rises rambler, complete with family newer—and sometimes new— and, as in Montgomery and Prince room, can be found in one of the houses in the Kensington, Wheaton George’s Counties in Maryland, on subdivisions that saddle horse and Silver Spring areas to the land on which cattle grazed not country. A somewhat similar north, and some are priced in the long ago. They run a price gamut house, a bit older, perhaps, and $70,000s. beginning in the high $30,000s and with one less bedroom, is a Mc¬ Rockville, Gaithersburg and sometimes speeding past the Lean possibility. In each case, the I Germantown, well past the Belt¬ $150,000 sign. They include ex- FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 19 tremely modest affairs; spanking offerings. chrast. Even Washington’s “hot¬ new three-story structures, com¬ Within a few years, areas in Vir¬ test” neighborhoods have been plete with two-car garages; and ginia and Maryland now too far only one or two points above the narrow, expensive riverfront an¬ from Washington central to tempt recent New York City overall av¬ tiques such as those in Alexan¬ many house-hunters will move erage. dria’s Old Town, sometimes lov¬ figuratively—and dramatically— For the prospective purchaser, ingly restored by doting couples, closer in. The advent of Metrorail and especially for the Foreign Ser¬ sometimes hastily redone by eager service to key sections of the capi¬ speculators. vice officer, the bottom line here is tal region will eliminate or min¬ not only cost but investment. A imize commuter woes for many. It But Northern Virginia also offers growth rate averaging 12 percent or will be possible for commuters to more a year offers an outstandingly a broad assortment of detached walk, bus or drive to Metrorail sta¬ homes. In sections of close-in better annual yield than the 7.5 tions, then be whisked downtown percent average on top-rated cor¬ Alexandria not yet affected by Old in a matter of minutes. Many Town fever, small houses with porate bonds—or on the perfor¬ Marylanders and Virginians have mance of the stock market, where outmoded fixtures, and sometimes already found that Metrorail has with only two bedrooms, still sell in the New York Stock Exchange greatly reduced their daily travel composite index is back to its late- the mid-$70,000s. In sprawling time, now that its surface-and- Fairfax County, where construc¬ 1960s level. As Money Magazine subway lines have reached out to puts it, “These days a decent tion tops that of any other Wash¬ Silver Spring and to National Air¬ ington locality, both new and older house in a desirable neighborhood port. is like a piggy bank that fills up by homes of traditional size often Later extension of Metrorail in begin near $80,000. (Fairfax ranks itself.” The Foreign Service officer Maryland and Virginia is bound to has an added incentive: the rents with Montgomery as one of the have a major impact on real estate richest counties in the United that come in monthly, paying for prices in the areas immediately af¬ his house while he is overseas. States.) fected. Whether it will have an in¬ flationary impact of its own on For the average family, of In the northern sector of Ar¬ housing prices in the Washington course, the biggest hurdle is ac¬ lington County, buildable lots are region overall is impossible to de¬ cumulating the down payment for few and far between and homes the first house. This is particularly marketed there frequently bring termine at this time. But one thing is certain: those prices will con¬ true of young couples, some of more than the new ones in Fairfax tinue to climb, Metrorail or no. whom now despair of ever owning County, even though they may be They have been doing so ever since a home in light of the constantly in¬ smaller, as much as a half-century the Depression ended, not only in creasing prices. Many senior older, and minus central air condi¬ Washington, of course, but Foreign Service officers are now tioning. Condominiums in North investing in second and even third Arlington tend to be priced simi¬ throughout the country, at a fluc¬ tuating rate that now averages homes to be certain that their chil¬ larly. In South Arlington, where dren will have places of their own pressures are less intense, a wide more than one percent a month na¬ tionally. Last year's increase saw when they reach maturity. array of houses is available, and Conventional mortgage rates prices are lower accordingly. median prices across the nation jump 14.1 percent for existing now hover around 9.5 percent in Washington, though some experts Reston, the trail-blazing new homes and 13.4 percent for new homes, allowing for some laxity in believe they may go to 9.75 percent town not far from Dulles Interna¬ before year’s end. tional Airport, remains enormously certain areas. According to popular. Like its younger counter¬ Michael Sumichrast, Staff Vice A number of officials in the home parts in Maryland—Montgomery President and Chief Economist of mortgage industry have called for Village, near Gaithersburg, and the National Association of Home federal approval of new, more flex¬ Columbia in Howard County— Builders, that is the sharpest in¬ ible mortages. Among those Reston provides a smorgasbord of crease on record. suggested are the variable rate accommodations: detached homes, Washington, which in 1974 held mortgage, the graduated payment townhouses, and apartments. the dubious distinction of being the plan, and the rollover mortgage. most expensive area in which to Under the variable rate approach, Again like Montgomery Village buy a house, now trails well behind interest charges can move up or and Columbia, Reston assures its San Francisco and Los Angeles, down depending on current costs of residents of excellent schools, rec¬ and even behind New York City, funds, while the graduated pay¬ reational, business and shopping which jumped to third place in the ment plan, favored for young facilities, and other amenities of high-price standings last year after couples, would permit monthly city-plus-suburbs life. Its prices having been off the ten-highest- payments beginning at a lower than tend to be similar to those in priced-cities list for several years. normal rate and climbing at a more Montgomery Village; in both, Washington’s annual rate of in¬ leisurely pace than the family’s in¬ average-sized detached houses can crease in 1977 was 15.4 percent come. The rollover mortgage be expected to bring more than the overall, compared to 20.9 percent would set a loan rate for, say, three in-the-$70,000 sums common in for New York City and an astound¬ to five years, and then permit it to Columbia. The latter, however, is ing 30.6 percent for Southern be renegotiated at current mortgage adding more expensive homes to its California, according to Sumi¬ loan rates. 20 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 “ ‘It’s a poor sort of memory that only works backwards,’ the Queen remarked.” — Lewis Carroll

The

Charles Cappadose came to our Ashes had composed a sonata—for what Embassy in Oslo in the silver instrument was not clear—and age of espionage. His was the CIA there was no denying that she of the late 1960s, the fretful agency played the violin. In the land of of detente and imperial decline. Its Grieg these apostasies from bu¬ reach had already exceeded its of reaucracy did not count heavily grasp, but its mainspring still held; against her. And her long Gothic it had not yet flown apart in the face and figure contrasted nicely frenzied soul-searching of the ensu¬ the with those of her husband. ing decade. Cappadose’s accredita¬ Turkey and Norway are the only tion as “Politico-Cultural Officer NATO neighbors of the Soviet and First Secretary” fooled no one Union, and, in the infancy of satel¬ in the Embassy and very few in the Marshal lites, Washington spent a great deal Norwegian Foreign Office, but no of money on technology for eaves¬ one saw fit to challenge it, except a dropping on activities in Russia. few low-lifers in the Socialist Peo¬ But during our first interview Cap¬ ple’s Party, the chosen instrument padose, who claimed direct contact of Moscow. Even in those circles with “the other side” in Prague, where blue eyes were apt to cloud and even Moscow, made it clear at the spectacle of American JOHN BOVEY that he scorned the electronic as¬ machinations, Charles and his wife pects of his mission. Marianne passed for models of re¬ tutissimus: for missions in press “I’m no Dictaphone,” he told spectability and rode the cocktail and parliament, for infiltration of me, buffing his nails with a stubby circuit unmolested. youth groups (of which he secretly thumb, “and no computer either. I The CIA is nothing if not class¬ disapproved), he took care to curb let my technicians do the listen¬ conscious, and Charles gave off the conspicuous elegance. His haircut ing.” He looked at me man to man, unmistakable aroma of the Ivy left his collar uncovered but not his diplqmat to diplomat. “As intel¬ League: Yale 1954, according to ears: a compromise between the ligence chief, I'm more interested the State Department’s Biographic norms of the university and the dip¬ in your kind of thing.” Register. Even though that estima¬ lomatic corps. His tweeds, im¬ I could have told him quite truth¬ ble publication is doctored to con¬ peccable but unpressed, and his fully that the Number Two of any ceal the true histories of agents bulky Shetland pullovers accen¬ Embassy is swamped by adminis¬ who are “covered” by the Foreign tuated a silhouette that owed more trative chores, but I thought I de¬ Service, I saw no reason to doubt to the pleasures of the table than to tected a trespasser. “Ambassador his Alma Mater—at least not at the any prowess on the judo mat. On Kimball doesn’t like it,” I said, outset; later l was to doubt every¬ the ski paths he rolled along like “when we pass along the jobs she thing. But Cappadose sported Otto Soglow’s Little King; the assigns.” neither the cloak and dagger of the slab-sided Norwegians used to Cappadose’s eyelids clicked classic age nor the fountain-pen smile furtively as he went by. once or twice at this smug pro¬ hypodermic of the Cuban phase— Charles’s spiky hair and knife- nouncement, but he had trained his and certainly nothing as vulgar as edged eyelids, his silences, broken eyes to glow rather than bum: they the rubber gloves of Watergate. by the cracking of knuckles, always were steady planets with no in¬ His was the more decorous ruth¬ reminded me of an Indian brave. terstellar flashes of temper. He said lessness of the privileged. Medio Marianne Cappadose was less I had been in Norway longer than enigmatic. Her accent was pure he; no need for him to get in any¬ John Bovey is a former Foreign Sen ice of¬ Philadelphia, and she oscillated be¬ one’s way; he would value my ad¬ ficer who has served in Rotterdam, Casab¬ tween a grand manner that vice. lanca, Paris, Olso, Washington and The Hague. He and his wife now live in Paris perplexed the Norwegians and a So far as the Soviets were con¬ and in a small village in the Cevennes. feverish Bohemianism that embar¬ cerned, Charles needed no advice Reprinted from Blackwood’s with permis¬ rassed her husband. In the Wom¬ from the likes of me. His knowl¬ sion. en’s Club it was whispered that she edge of Kremlin saints and sinners

FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 21 carried back to the pre-war purges. yellow hair and long legs were dinavian pause. “He wanted to He knew all about Beria and the those of a typical Viking. On this know all about our relations with KGB and had made a special study occasion, the troll had the upper Peking. He seems very expert in of Gelphand and other defectors hand. Communist affairs.” whom Stalin had exempted from He informed me, with some ex¬ My mouth was opening and shut¬ reprisals. “It might come in handy citement, that the North Viet¬ ting like that of a trout on a river some day,” he said darkly. “Now namese Ambassador in Peking had bank. “That’s his specialty. And take the case of Shelepin, for in¬ “approached” his Norwegian col¬ then Charles tells me you’re both stance . . .” For like many Krem- league, telling him that Hanoi at¬ old Moroccan hands.” linologists, Cappadose condes¬ tributed American stalling to inter¬ Linstrom had a long stretch, with cended to the laity. And he had nal problems. While Hanoi pre¬ his hands folded behind his blond perfected his own technique of sur¬ ferred other sites, the Norwegians head. I could see the soles of his prise: that of the stone dropped into might tell the imperialists that both shoes wiggling under the desk. still waters. At staff meetings he sides should immediately get down “But you know, that’s what I don’t waited till others had finished their to business in Paris. Linstrom em¬ understand.” paltry speculations; then he would phasized the need for secrecy: “What do you mean, Fulke?” make his splash. “My sources tell leaks would cause trouble in the “Let me tell you.” His Norwe¬ me the Soviets will protest any op¬ Storting. “Our parliamentarians gian sing-song rose and fell in agi¬ eration in the Norwegian Sea.” He don’t like power politics, even tated curves. “We talked about the would sit back, motionless, almost when Oslo is just a messenger.” Protectorate, and of course about sullen, eyeing the ripples as they Marshal Lyautey. I asked Mr. spread. I hurried back to the Embassy, Cappadose why the Moroccans rousted out the code clerks, and asked the French to transfer the Ambassador Sarah Kimball was drafted an urgent telegram. Visions Marshal’s ashes from Rabat. It not an ideal target. Women who of glory danced before me in the happened long after I left—a deli¬ remain unmarried beyond their long Norwegian twilight. After my cate matter. And painful.” 30s—especially if they are hard¬ ego had wrestled a bit with my “Yes, very. I remember General bitten natives of Maine—tend to team spirit, I called in Cappadose de Gaulle’s speech when the ashes ruminate over the sensational. and showed him the cable. He were brought to the Hotel des In- “Why in the world,” she would permitted himself a low whistle. I valides.” ask, pushing her horn-rims onto her asked him to hold this information “Your memory is better than forehead, “would anyone do any¬ closely. One whiff of the CIA Mr. Cappadose’s,” said Linstrom thing so idiotic?” would send the Nordic fawn with a touch of slyness. “He And then Charles would mod¬ bounding back into the forest of couldn’t remember where the ashes ulate back into Kremlinology, or solitude. had been.” speculate darkly and diplomatically “Oh?” about some titbit he had taken—not Charles’s eyelids sharpened. “You know of course that Lin¬ “But the mausoleum is a land¬ always acknowledging his source strom is an old Moroccan hand.” mark in Rabat. It’s just around the —from one of us. His dominant “But long before you.” comer from your Embassy.” passion, as I was to discover, was Through Linstrom’s window I to scoop the plodders of the State His answer, as I recalled later, was indirect. “I first met him here, watched the sails moving across Department. at your house. A very savvy guy.” the steel blue of the Osloljord. Where did my duty to Cappadose uring the long months when “Well, you boys must be sure to D bring each other up to date.” stop? Even if I had liked Linstrom Hanoi and Washington pala¬ less, how could I lie to him? In di¬ vered over the site of the confer¬ It was an ill-advised remark. On looking back, it seems to me that 1 plomacy the frills drop away ence and the shape of the tables sooner or later, and there you are at which would ultimately bring them always managed to press the wrong key with Cappadose. the crux: two men closeted alone face to face, all American Embas¬ with a problem: upon their confi¬ sies were instructed to keep their Three days later Washington in¬ dence in one another everything ears open for signals. And pres¬ structed me to tell the Norwegians depends. Suddenly I remembered ently, to our amazement, the cir¬ that the contact in Peking was of the White Queen. “ ‘It’s a poor cuits crackled in Oslo. the highest interest. I was given an sort of memory that only works One afternoon in late spring, I intimidating list of questions which backward,’ ” I said. was summoned by the Norwegian we wanted the Norwegians to put Fulke Linstrom gave me a little Foreign Minister (Ambassador to the Vietnamese. So I trotted frown. 1 was afraid that another Kimball was on home leave in down and laid my little paper on joke had gone astray. But 1 under¬ Maine), who—with a pomposity Linstrom’s desk. Sitting back in a estimated him. “I think,” he said that demonstrated his obsession tubular chair on a sky-blue carpet gently, “that the Queen told Alice with rank and his ignorance of the and surrounded by clear pine that memory works in all directions dossier—turned me over to the panels, I sensed an unwonted con¬ when you live backward.” Under-Secretary, Fulke Linstrom. straint. I couldn't account for it I was more partial to Linstrom. He until Linstrom, clearing his throat, At the Embassy, I checked the combined the two basic strains of told me that Cappadose had taken Biographic Register: “Cap¬ Norway: his bright-eyed, gnarly him to lunch the day before. “Nice padose, Charles, b: May 12, 1932. face was that of a nervous troll; his of him to ask me.” A long Scan¬ Grad: Yale 1954. Attache Prague 22 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 1956-58; Second Sec’y Budapest I got up and opened a window. come in handy some day.” 1958-60, Rabat 1960-63; First Sec’y Under the elms the King’s When that day came, the mo¬ Moscow 1963-65, Oslo 1965—” Guardsmen, with their pork-pie ment was opportune, but the Again I remembered the arrival hats and sabres, were advancing place—the Music Festival in of Marshal Lyautey’s ashes at the like wind-up toys on the yellow Bergen—was certainly incongru¬ Hotel des Invalides in 1961. cube that housed the monarch. ous. Where, I asked myself, had Cap- “When were you in Belgrade?” In the summer of 1968 in Bergen, padose been stashed away during Charles cracked his knuckles for it was hard to focus on the stone those three years? Decidedly an a few seconds. “I didn’t say I had houses and leaping vistas of green aberration, that infidelity with the ever been there.” Qord. There were too many distrac¬ Arabs in the midst of his marriage “And do you think that a man tions: Robert Kennedy’s assassina¬ to the Iron Curtain. like Linstrom puts any trust in my tion; storm signals in Czecho¬ Resisting an impulse to hurl the Soviet colleague?” slovakia; troubles in France, where Register info the wastepaper bas¬ “Not if he knows what’s good my wife and I were planning a va¬ ket, I picked up the phone and for him. But it’s not clear to me cation. Even Norway was feverish; summoned Cappadose from his why he would trust you either.” there was fretting over the weird padlocked lair. I had no relish for “He trusts me because I’m an and wicked doings of her allies in star-chamber proceedings between old fuddy-duddy. Our game isn’t Greece and Indo-China; and finally rival empire-builders, but his of¬ the Government was pressed into a fense was flagrant. It might even ‘‘Charles had put on his full-dress debate in the Storting on spell finis to the frail enterprise in Norway’s membership in NATO. Peking. student persona: At that moment the Soviets launched one of their periodic tan¬ I tried to explain the danger, but studded denim jacket trums against the “insolent im¬ I could see that Cappadose had perialists” and their “accom¬ drunk deep of the heady brew of and the darkest of dark plices” in Oslo. The Foreign diplomacy. With a face straighter glasses. I could dredge Minister assumed his usual stance than honesty required, he de¬ up no memory of their of injured innocence. Soviet troops scribed his lunch with Linstrom as appeared across the border at Kir- a coincidence: a social contact that companion, who kenes; “unidentified” submarines I had even encouraged. sported the horn-rims prowled the ljords. Finn Gustav- “If you guys stuck to talking sen’s Socialist People’s Party or¬ about Morocco,” I said, “you of the 1930s. Decidedly ganized a nocturnal sally against must have covered the ground pret¬ a false note, this our Embassy, with red paint and ty thoroughly.” shattered windows. My sarcasm didn’t shake him. stranger — black suit, Cappadose was in seventh Not for him to display the rip in his handlebar mustache, heaven. Every morning his barrel cover. “If you’re worried about snoutish nose — figure could be seen mounting the Vietnam, why sure, we talked steps of the Norwegian Intelligence about that too. In Norway you among the little ladies building at Akershus; every night can’t stay off it.” of Bergen.” the lights burned in his den across “You can always stay away, the courtyard. though. You didn’t kid yourself that Linstrom thinks you’re just your game at all. And if I catch you With his Minister off mending another first secretary?” buzzing around the Foreign Minis¬ fences in the parliament, Fulke Two points of red appeared in his try again. I’ll have you pushed off Linstrom usually received the Am¬ cheeks. “Maybe I’m not as crude the Holmenkollen Jump—without bassador and me when we had as you think. I’ve been around too, skis. Does that make things news to share from Prague or Mos¬ you know. And anyway, the Minis¬ clearer?” cow. He would nibble on these tid¬ try is a good source for us. They Cappadose stood up. I thought bits, tucking away choice morsels see all the Communist diplomats.” for a minute he might take a poke at like a bright-eyed squirrel. He was He pursed his mouth in the manner me. From the park shouted orders unperturbed by Soviet sound and of the Washington problem-solver. floated into the office, then the rat¬ fury and unimpressed by the “It would save a lot of trouble if tle of sabres being returned to their Czechs: “They never fight unless you people would let us take over sheaths. they’re sure to win—and so they the contacts with the Ministry’s “You play your game,” said always lose.” But what made his Eastern Europe experts.” Cappadose, bowing ironically, Viking blood boil was the Kremlin, “You can’t be serious.” “and I’ll play mine. And then we’ll which had mucked up the summer “I’m perfectly serious. Look at see.” weekends: admirals called back the Soviets: half their Embassy is from the mountains and ministers KGB—including your opposite I told no one of this misadven¬ from sailboats—and all for nothing. number. Lavrov covers the whole ture. I didn’t like tattling, and But not quite nothing. “If we just Foreign Ministry. Very effective. Ambassador Kimball always sit tight, the Soviets will end up Now in Belgrade they go even stayed clear of the murky jungle of keeping Norway in NATO.” further. Even the Ambassador is male solidarity. Besides, as Cap¬ Sarah Kimball assured him that KGB.” padose had once said, “it might she would do her best not to rock

FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL. June, 1978 23 the boat. Very sensibly, she said After the concert we came out head at my provincial squeamish¬ we would hold our breath until the last. Charles and his “contact” ness. “No need to leave this baby Norwegians had finished their own were pacing under the windows of at her door.” debate. Grieg’s pavilion by the water. “You’ve arranged all the details In the midst of all this excite¬ Marianne stood alone under a pine with her, then?” ment, I grumbled when the Am¬ tree, like abandoned Solveig. His brow furrowed above the bassador assigned my wife and me “I knew Marianne wouldn’t miss blank lenses. “Well, Sarah Kimball to take her place at the Bergen Fes¬ Tellefsen,” said my wife. “But knew we were coming to Bergen. tival. But she was firm. “Better I Charles—well! What would Grieg I’ll fill in the details when the time stay put. But hearts of oak! Ameri¬ think? And where did they pick up comes.” can culture must be defended. that troll?” “The time is now, Charles. Four Prague, of course, can send a sym¬ “Grieg would probably tell them o’clock plane to Oslo.” phony, but Washington—well; to beetle off and leave him alone “Look, I’m still negotiating with you’ll be proud of the Idaho State with his Hardander fiddle.” And this character. I’m the one who has Singers. And then Tellefsen is play¬ then I remembered two things: the to get him out of here after the dust ing the violin at Grieg’s house. Prague Symphony and the Bio¬ settles. I can’t break off now.” Marianne Cappadose is ecstatic, graphic Register. “That’s no “You can easily make it back in and Charles is going too.” She troll,” I said, “that’s Sergeant the morning. The Prague concert is smiled wickedly. “I’m told he’s Schweik.” tomorrow night. Your pal will still tone-deaf. But you’ll both enjoy the Bergen is no place to remain in¬ be available—that is, if Sarah Kim¬ Grieg house: the age of inno¬ cognito: I ran into Charles that af¬ ball gives you the green light.” cence.” ternoon in the Fisketorvet, greedily It was then that Cappadose, y So we made do with Dvorak in¬ eyeing the sea trout. He had ex¬ squaring off a bit, told me that he stead of Dubcek, and enjoyed the changed blue denim for grey flan¬ was not under my orders. invasion—benign, for once—of art¬ nel, which with his Polaroid glass¬ I watched the fishmongers as ists. Violins soared and conductors es, made him look pure Mafia. He they wiped their bloodied hands. gesticulated; Byrd and Monteverdi was not happy to see me; he was The smell of drying cod, mainstay echoed in the rafters of the ancient even unhappier when I asked who of Christendom’s Friday tables, Haakonshall; at Troldhaugen the the Czech was. recalled a less-divided world. “A prize if we play him right.” morning hours were filled with the “Charles,” I said, “do you re¬ silvery tones of Grieg’s old piano. Charles lowered his voice, a superfluous precaution in the din of member your lunch with Lin- Perched on hard chairs in the Mas¬ strom?” ter’s parlor, under the curly brass the fish market. “Prague Sym¬ phony; first flute. Marianne knew He dismissed this as ancient his¬ chandelier, with the birches trembl¬ tory. “What’s Linstrom got to do ing beyond the bay window and him when we were in Prague. Top¬ flight, she tells me. He says Dub¬ with it? And haven’t 1 been a good green water shimmering in the ero¬ boy since?” tic light of northern summer, we cek has had it. Sooner or later the Russians are bound to move in.” “Maybe. But there’s one little drifted back into a world that re¬ thing that’s never gone beyond the minded me of my own New En¬ His glasses glinted. “A real wind¬ fall for NATO, just like in 1948.” three of us.” gland. “I don’t get it.” From this Traumerei I was “But the Storting will wind up So then I told him that if he had aroused by a dig in the ribs. My the NATO debate by next week. been in Rabat in 1961, he would wife nodded towards the chairs Where does the flautist come in? have witnessed the transfer of near the piano, where I made out Will he defect?” Marshal Lyautey’s ashes from his silhouettes that were exotic but “Oh, will he ever! But not for the mausoleum. familiar. Marianne Cappadose love of NATO, you understand. Cappadose didn't budge, but the wore a red, peasant dirndl; her long For him Carnegie Hall would be corners of his mouth twitched. Be¬ face was bathed in rapture. Charles the pay-off. But he'll talk. We keep hind him the gables of the old had put on his student persona: him under wraps, and then at the houses leaned toward one another studded denim jacket and the dark¬ right moment, we splash him all like inquisitive gossips. “Son of a est of dark glasses. 1 could dredge over the Aftenposten: ‘CZECH bitch!” he said. up no memory of their companion, PREDICTS SOVIET INVASION,’ and I didn't ask who was the target of who sported the horn-rims of the all the works.” this epithet. For beyond the shouts 1930s. Decidedly a false note, this “Charles, I see other head¬ of fishermen and the hooting of stranger—black suit, handlebar lines.” trawlers, I heard another sound: moustache, snoutish nose—among “Oh?” His spiky hair bristled; the ripping of yards and yards of the little ladies of Bergen. his stance was impassive. cover. During the applause my wife “Yes. ‘AMERICAN SPIES KID¬ waved cheerfully at the side row of NAP CZECH MUSICAN’ or ‘PIED The following evening, my wife chairs. Charles’s Polaroid glasses PIPER PLAYS FOR IM¬ and I saw the Cappadoses at flashed in our direction and then PERIALISTS.’ ” And I reminded the Prague Symphony’s concert. turned away. My wife, who does him that Ambassador Kimball had During the intermission he took me not take kindly to brush-offs, raised given her word we wouldn’t budge aside in the lobby. My advice, he her arm again. I grabbed it. “Don’t during the debate. told me smugly, had turned out to wave,” I said sharply. “Oh, her word!” He shook his be good.

24 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 “The Ambassador approved Europe had sought asylum. I need overwhelmingly defeated. Mr. your project?” not remind the Storting of Nor¬ Ingvaldsen brought down his gavel. “Well, you know how she is; she way’s hospitality to the dissident. The NATO debate was over. doesn’t commit herself in so many But what was the real purpose of When Sarah Kimball rose to go, words. But she was really in¬ this stranger?” terested; she wanted all the details. her glance met mine. Not a muscle She’s seeing the Foreign Minister Two rows ahead of me the stirred, but she passed her index tomorrow. She said she was very seamed neck of the Soviet Ambas¬ finger once across her forehead. I grateful to me.” His rotund figure sador pressed against his stiff col¬ felt delighted with her and with the swelled; hands in pockets, he lar. Next to him the finer stem of Norwegians. And when Linstrom rocked on the balls of his feet. Sarah Kimball was suffused with gave me a trollish wink, I even for¬ “You know she’s really a remark¬ deepening pink. gave his Minister. able woman.” Then I thought of Cappadose I said that Sarah Kimball was in¬ The Minister tugged at his white forelock. “His purpose was to over in Bergen. He wouldn’t enjoy deed remarkable. We went back to the evening papers. But really he the Ravel concerto for flute and mount a campaign against our Great Neighbor. Through press was right: the Czechs had again harp. Cappadose’s “case” wore an saved the day. enormous bow tie; I thought he and radio he hoped to frighten us looked off-color—even more Norwegians, to fan hostility—even When I came back from leave in squashy than in Grieg’s parlor. But to influence the decisions of the France, Cappadose had been trans¬ he played beautifully. I told Storting. We have found ways to ferred. Voluntarily, Sarah Kimball Marianne Cappadose it would be a change his mind; he will return assured me grimly, quite voluntar¬ pity to lose him. to—to his own country. He will say ily—but sudden. “Poor Charles, he “A pity for the Prague Sym¬ nothing, nor shall we. But one thing did so want to do the high diplo¬ phony?” we cannot forget.” macy bit. Do you think he will ever I said yes, that was exactly what The Minister raised his hand. forgive me?” I meant. Mr. Gustavsen leaned forward; “Forgive yowl” And then I told Mr. Loberg leaned backward. Mr. her about Marshal Lyautey. Ingvaldsen’s gavel turned faster. At the Storting, the Foreign She was amused but a little Minister was already droning “We cannot forget that it was an vexed. “Why can’t you men learn from the rostrum by the time I ally whose ambassador came to us. how to tattle? I could have told you slipped into the back of the dip¬ It was she—it was our ally, I he’d never been in Morocco.” lomatic box. Behind him President mean—who saved us in time from “He was in Belgrade, then.” Ingvaldsen, turning a gavel of still another useless dispute.” The She looked startled. “As a mat¬ ebony and ivory in his long fingers, Minister grasped the lectern as a ter of fact, he was. But when he chaired the debate with lynx-eyed Viking grasping his oar. “Then and went to Moscow, the duffers in the affability. On the Socialist People’s there, gentlemen, I knew where to Agency changed the record so the bench Finn Gustavsen’s face gave find the true friends of Norway.” Russians wouldn’t notice he’d been off the glow that arises from the hobnobbing with Tito. Too silly, Murmurs on the benches; a stir¬ discomfiture of imperialists. He really. I knew you had something ring that signified the approach of a winked at Sverre Lobert across the on him.” flashpoint. Fulke Linstrom smiled aisle. A windfall, Mr. Lobert: he ironically at the diplomats. The “So you sent me to Grieg’s had spent time in the cellars of the house?” Gestapo and voted automatically only other woman ambassador being Finnish, the Minister’s slip “That was a shot in the dark. But against anything to which Germany when I heard that Charles was was a party. At the Government left no doubt which shell contained the Honest Envoy. going to a music festival, I began to table, Fulke Linstrom blinked un¬ wonder. 1 knew how he was: all happily as the Foreign Minister re¬ When the Minister had left the over the place—like a pick-up din¬ called, with tender nostalgia, the rostrum, Mr. Loberg tabled a mo¬ ner.” Her smile grew broader. old days of Nordic neutrality. tion enjoining the Government to “That’s a Maine expression, you Was it possible, 1 wondered with notify NATO of Norway’s inten¬ know.” dismay, that a Conservative Gov¬ tion to withdraw. Gasping at this ernment would waffle on NATO? imprudence, Mr. Gustavsen pro¬ The Minister peered wistfully at posed a parliamentary commission Six years later 1 found Cap¬ the cloudless blue beyond the to examine the question. The hesi¬ padose listed in the Register as Romanesque windows. “You tant members sighed with relief. First Secretary in Lisbon. Friends know,” he said, lowering his tone But Mr. Ingvaldsen, with a smile of told me that Marianne had shed as if for back-room confession, obvious relish, reminded his col¬ new light on the origins of the Por¬ “while we were debating our posi¬ leagues that they must first vote on tuguese fado, but that Charles’s tion at the Ministry, a curious coin¬ Mr. Ldberg’s motion. Gustavsen contribution to the April Revolu¬ cidence took place. The Ambas¬ leaped to his feet; he waved his tion had been purely accidental. sador of—of a great and good ally arms; he shouted for priority; he Remembering the ashes of the came to warn me. Yes, gentlemen, banged on his desk. The Chair Marshal, I was happy to know that to warn me of intrigue on Norwe¬ ruled him out of order. The roll was this time he had at least been gian soil. A visitor from Eastern called, and the Loberg motion was | among those present.

FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 29 Beam regions of France which abound in sheep. The menu is strictly French, with some regional dishes such as piperade, poulet Basquaise, seafood dishes and galette Basque. The Big Cheese, 3139 M Street, N.W. 338-3314. (L $5 to $5.50; D $6 to $8.50.) The main attraction is lining cheese, although there are other dishes. One finds a number of in¬ in D.C. ternational cheese specialties for the turophile: Norwegian cheese fritters, Yugoslavian fried cheese DONALD DRESDEN and other delights. La Nicoise, 1721 Wisconsin Ave¬ Only a few years ago, foreign ing to find that domestic wines are nue, N.W. 965-9300. (D only, $6.95 service families posted to quite palatable, and are also rea¬ to $10.75.) Classic French cooking Washington after having enjoyed sonably priced, except for the pre¬ with a leaning toward Provence the cuisines of cities all over the mium bottles that sell with the which means garlic, basil, tomatoes world were appalled at the Federal premium wines of Europe. More¬ and other hearty ingredients. Wait¬ City’s gastronomical wasteland. over, if you have been away from ers roller skate with trays filled No longer. This is not to suggest the United States for some time, with food. After dinner show by that Washington is New York any you will be pleased to find that the staff amusing and a bit gamey. more than New York is Paris when nearly all restaurants sell bulk wine Le Pescadou, 3280 M Street, one compares restaurants. But be¬ by the glass and carafe, and at N.W., 338-0900. (L $4.25 to $6.75; yond question, the number of res¬ prices that usually are reasonable. D $8.25 to $11.) Deluxe French taurants of virtually all ethnic per¬ L’Auberge Chez Francois, 332 cuisine, also with a Provencal ac¬ suasions has vastly increased, and Springvale Road, Great Falls, Va. cent, and of course seafood, admir¬ in general the quality of food, ser¬ 759-3800. (L $4.95 to $6.50; D ably done, is the main attraction. A vice and ambience has greatly im¬ $9.95 to $12.50.) beautifully baked sea bass with a proved in the last decade or so. In¬ This is the outstanding country light wine sauce stands out in re¬ deed, the comparison between inn within easy driving distance cent memory. New York and Washington estab¬ from the center of Washington, and Cantina d’ltalia Ristoranti, lishments has narrowed. The cri¬ it’s worth the voyage, as the Guide 1214-A 18th Street N.W. 659-1830. teria by which I have judged Michelin would say. It is the enter¬ (L $5.50 to $8.50; D $6.50 to $12.) eateries can perhaps be com¬ prise of the Haeringer family that A highly innovative Italian estab¬ pressed by asking, “What is the ran Chez Francois on H Street for lishment with a leaning toward total impression — food, ambience years. Soups and pates are first dishes at the hip of the boot. Catch and service — with which one rate, as are such main courses as a the vitello fantasia, veal with a comes away after a meal in a place salmon souffle Paul Haeberlin, coq cheese-laden sauce and a touch of reviewed ?” au riesling d’Alsace, rockfish tomato, or the vitello mostarda (Di¬ Here, in no particular order, are quenelles and fresh vegetables jon style mustard in the sauce) and places I like. Many are favorites of from the surrounding countryside. almost anything else the chef/ foreign service families but there Splendid desserts such as fresh proprietor recommends. are some new ones that have al¬ fruit tarts with meringue toppings, The Company Inkwell, 4109 Wil¬ ready become well known for their and a delicate mousse with fruit son Blvd., Arlington. 525-4243. (L excellent cuisine. liqueur flavoring are offered. $5.50 to $7.25; D $7 to $15.25.) De¬ The ratings are from one to four, Le Bagatelle, 2000 K Street. luxe French cuisine. Everything on an ascending scale, and the N.W. 872-8677. (L $5.25 to $7.50; served is of premium grade and prices are listed under L for lunch, D $7.75 to $12.) This classic cooked with great care. and D for dinner, for just the main French restaurant is under the di¬ David Lee’s Empress Restaurant course and no beverages. Some 10 rection of chef/owner/operator and Cafeteria, 1875 Conn. Ave., to 15 percent could probably be Robert Greault, who was trained N.W. 462-8110. (L $2.25 to $4.50; added for recent inflation. and worked in his native France. D $4.95 to $8.) Still one of the Fed¬ For someone coming back to the The Washington chapter of the In¬ eral City’s best Chinese restau¬ United States after having served ternational Wine and Food society rants. The nine course Mandarin abroad for some time, it is refresh- chose Greault to duplicate the dinner includes some unusual offer¬ lunch at the Elysee Palace when Donald Dresden wrote a weekly column of ings such as Chinese yellow fish, restaurant criticism for the Washington Paul Bocuse received the Legion but one is on safe ground with any Post’s Potomac magazine for seven years. d’Honneur from the French presi¬ of Lee’s recommendations. That assignment included six annual guides dent. He did it with eclat. Dominique’s, 2000 Pennsylvania to dining out in Washington. He has re¬ cently produced a book, Donald Dresden’s La Bergerie, 220 N. Lee Street, Ave., N.W. 452-1126. (L $4.95 to Guide to Dining out in Washington, avail¬ Alexandria. 683-1007. (L $3.75 to $6.25; D $6.95 to $13.50.) Pro¬ able from Acropolis Press, $2.95, which $5.25; D $6.75 to $12.50.) The prietor Dominique D’Ermo trained covers some 150 restaurants. place is named for the Basque and continued on page 39 30 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 comment for situations that simply “a central concern of our foreign px* I BCEK ESSAY are not going our way. policy in the remaining years of this When majorities in the Interna¬ century must be the building of a tional Labor Organization or more effective UN system.” And Diplomatic Challenges: United Nations Educational, Sci¬ the Secretary’s report adds that The US and the UN entific and Cultural Organizations “we are more likely to achieve our THE CHANGING UNITED NATIONS: or World Health Organizations goal of a more effective United Na¬ Options for the United States. Pro¬ systematically take one-sided pot¬ tions by vigorously and continu¬ ceedings of the Academy of Political shots at Israel, or employ double ously addressing in that institution Science, Volume 32, Number 4, edited standards that favor the Soviets or the issues that arouse the concerns by David A. Kay, $6.50. the Arabs, or demand things of the of the world community and by the This collection of 18 essays and industrialized countries that we are practice of a skillful and imagina¬ speeches on the United States and not ready to give, we tend to de¬ tive diplomacy.” the United Nations is a timely and nounce them for wrongfully The real question now is whether useful summary of issues and prob¬ “politicizing” institutions that the United States will follow lems that confront American dip¬ were supposed to be kept pure. We through on its rhetoric. How rea¬ lomats — not only in international forget that we joined in keeping the sonable can we expect the Third organizations but in all forms of Cold War boiling in some of these World to be on economic issues if practice of the foreign affairs busi¬ institutions, hassling the Soviets or we do not follow up our forthcom¬ ness. fighting membership for the Peo¬ ing rhetoric with compatible In articles by Ivor Richard, ple’s Republic of China, and that policies on trade, debt, or a com¬ Harold Jacobson, Guy Erb, Clyde our current objections to the deten¬ mon fund? How successful can we Ferguson, Gene Lyons, Max tion of political prisoners without be in persuading other nations to Finger, John Temple Swing, and charge are regarded by some na¬ climb on the human rights others, the book addresses tech¬ tions as irrelevant to regional bank bandwagon so long as we leave niques of resolving conflict be¬ debates over loans for a new water basic UN conventions unratified? tween nations, decreasing de¬ system. How much influence can we have pendence on arms, reaching Various essays in this book pre¬ in the new human rights commit¬ agreement on law of the sea, at¬ sent alternatives for US policy to¬ tees created under three multilat¬ tacking developmental problems, ward the UN system and particu¬ eral treaties if we are not a member fostering human rights, pursuing larly toward the Third World — of the Committees? How seriously economic negotiations and many ranging from shouting back when can we expect other nations to ad¬ other central foreign relations is¬ others shout at us, to ignoring the dress disarmament questions if we sues. system or withdrawing completely. are reluctant to let them in on the One thing that stands out is that But the basic theme of the writers really big decisions that the super¬ the UN and its affiliated agencies is that the United States must make powers alone are dealing with? present us with too-often neglected extra efforts to listen to the con¬ How can we expect more use of the forums for pursuit of many vital cerns of the Third World, to iden¬ International Court of Justice — foreign relations issues, and that tify common interests and to take averaging two cases a year for the many issues are better pursued steps that can meet mutual con¬ past 30 years — so long as our own there than in traditional bilateral cerns — not only in the UN con¬ Connally Reservation serves as a channels. For many countries — text but in bilateral relations as model for other nations in limiting especially those in the Third World well. As Canadian John Holmes the jurisdiction of the Court? — the UN system is a major com¬ puts it, “it was probably necessary There is no denying that all of the ponent of the foreign relations pro¬ for Americans to go through the issues here are extremely complex. cess. Most developing nations gain brief fling at Moynihanism just to Maintaining the peace through the their strength through the unity show that it was counterproduc¬ UN system has been one of the they can often find with likeminded tive.” The authors generally agree more baffling frustrations for those nations; they gain access to forums that our interest in making progress seeking a better way to keep inter¬ for expounding their views; and on a number of functional issues — national order. The Ethiopia-So- they gain ideas for the techniques development, environment, human malia struggle has almost begged of faster progress at home. It is rights, health, population, food, for this type of attention in recent necessary for us to take the UN non-proliferation and many others months, but there has always been more seriously if only because — depends on the full participation one practical impediment or these nations — whose importance of all nations, and America’s con¬ another to UN action. Various pri¬ to us is slowly becoming more evi¬ tinued effort to keep the system vate groups have regularly pro¬ dent — are taking it so seriously glued together will be necessary. posed new devices for more effi¬ themselves. Coincidentally, that is also the cient arbitration, conciliation or In one series of essays, this book basic approach taken in the March mediation, but the creation of new comes to grips with that thing 2 report by President Carter on institutions does not quite seem to called “politicization” — that is, UN Reform and in the accompany¬ fit the problem. As David Forsythe “the myth” that economic and so¬ ing report by the Secretary of points out in this volume, “the last cial programs are “non-political” State. “If we are to develop thing that any number of govern¬ and that the UN specialized agen¬ adequate machinery for manage¬ ments want interjected into a con¬ cies should not be “politicized.” ment of the world’s common prob¬ flict is a disinterested view of what Actually, we usually reserve that lems,” the President’s report says, is rational or legal or equitable.” FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June. 1978 31 Nevertheless, the effort to make example for those inclined to keep the existing mechanisms work bet¬ the system from functioning well. Pol BQDKSHELF ter must go on, and the President’s There is one other area where we March report indicates that this seem to be doing better — that of Warts and All will be a high priority of this Ad¬ using bilateral diplomacy to sup¬ ministration. DULLES: A BIOGRAPHY OF ELEANOR, port our objectives in multilateral ALLEN, AND JOHN FOSTER DULLES As they pursue that, US forums. A layman would probably AND THEIR FAMILY NETWORK, by policymakers can usefully remind expect that to be something we Leonard Mosley. Dial, $12.95. themselves and others that some would undertake automatically, but Whether this fast-paced, anec¬ UN mechanisms have worked sur¬ like many seemingly commonsen- dotal biography of the Dulles prisingly well. One of them is the sical diplomatic maneuvers, it is brothers and their redoubtable sis¬ use of UN troops to guarantee one that has achieved relatively lit¬ ter Eleanor will add to an under¬ ceasefire commitments — a prac¬ tle use. standing of specific issues of tice which has been especially ef¬ We would not take such beatings foreign policy is an open question, fective in limiting hostilities in var¬ on North-South economic issues if but it is certainly informative about ious zones of the Middle East. we knew more in advance what po¬ the personal lives of the three pro¬ Even debate over the renewal of sitions would be taken by the indi¬ tagonists. By dint of research the mandates of these forces, and vidual members of the Group of among surviving relatives, friends, over the extension of financing for 77, or if our embassies had the op¬ and former colleagues, Mr. Mos¬ them, has become a virtually un¬ portunity to lobby the decision¬ ley, a British journalist, has come contested and almost automatic ac¬ makers in foreign capitals regarding up with a composite of the Dulles tivity. And the speed with which our own goals in advance of these trio that reveals a great deal more the UN agreed to establish the new meetings. The spring 1978 meeting about the family than outsiders interim force in Lebanon (UN- of the Human Rights Commission were aware of. IFIL) in mid-March — while prob¬ demonstrated that, with early bilat¬ Foster, the elder, was the un¬ ably owing its success in part to the eral lobbying, we could success¬ questioned head of a family that coincidence of interest by virtually fully encourage other nations to get embodied the Puritan virtues and all involved parties — is at least out in front on sensitive human the best American traditions, in¬ testimony that the UN and its rights issues, particularly in situa¬ cluding a grandfather and uncle members now have sufficient ex¬ tions when our leadership might be who were Secretaries of State. His perience with this device that it can counterproductive. Removing the impressive record at Princeton, to¬ be hustled into action with amazing element of surprise, and injecting gether with his connections, led to efficiency. some order into preparation for membership on the US delegation multilateral meetings, is proving to to the Versailles Peace Conference Improvement on our part is also be highly productive, and the suc¬ when he was in his twenties; after noticeable in several instances. cesses strongly argue for greater in¬ taking a law degree, he became Last year the Congress finally re¬ tegration of America’s bilateral and senior partner of Sullivan & pealed the Byrd Amendment which multilateral diplomatic efforts. Cromwell in his early thirties. In permitted the United States to con¬ the course of an outstanding legal tinue doing business with Rho¬ These and other substantive and career Foster gradually accumu¬ desia, even though the Security procedural questions that face the lated a reputation for surface Council had imposed an economic United States in the United Na¬ rectitude—but this masked great embargo on that country (and had tions system are covered in this in¬ insensitivity in human relations and done it with our favorable vote). teresting collection. For the most moral obtuseness on larger issues Our continued purchases of part, there is a high degree of of principle. chrome were illegal under interna¬ realism in the presentations. No Foster clung to his firm’s Ger¬ tional law, even though legal under one offers the comforting view that man clients through the rise of Hit¬ American law. That embarrass¬ the United States will once again ler and right up to Pearl Harbor. ment has now been removed. Also be able to dominate the United Na¬ He played no role of any conse¬ last year, the president signed two tions as it did in its early years. The quence throughout World War II; major UN Human Rights Cove¬ world has changed. and worse, in a post-Pearl Habor nants which had gone ignored by us Nor does anyone suggest that we memorandum which somehow es¬ for more than 10 years, as well as can adopt a policy that will make all caped Mr. Mosley, he actually the American Hemisphere Cove¬ the conflicts and disagreements go tried to discourage the younger nant, thus giving us a little more away. “The tensions can be miti¬ members of his firm from military standing to conduct a vigorous gated by the United States by the service. human rights campaign. degree of its responsiveness to Foster was not only cold and institutional and substantive non-supportive of Eleanor when Nevertheless, other American change,” as Sidney Weintraub puts she married a Jewish intellectual inconsistencies remain, and they it. Conflict will not be eliminated named David Blondheim, but deter the application of the more by that tactic, Weintraub says, but would have blackballed her for a objective standards that we seek in “this is not deplorable; it is the job in State had she not slipped in the UN system. Certainly we can¬ stuff from which change occurs.” just before the Eisenhower admin¬ not fix all the ills of the UN by our¬ istration took office; her career as selves, but we need not serve as an NEIL A. BOYER Berlin desk officer was in spite of 32 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 rather than owing to her famous brother. These unattractive charac¬ teristics prefigure Foster’s callous acquiescence in the purging of Foreign Service officers during the SYRACUSE McCarthy era. Although unavoidably in his brother’s shadow at Sullivan & UNIVERSITY Cromwell, the urbane and convi¬ vial Allen was no satellite. Starting out as a diplomat, Allen performed brilliantly in the OSS during World War II and both acquired distinc¬ EARN A DEGREE tion and met .disaster as Director of Central Intelligence. His engaging personality, warm sociability and AND STUDY breadth of interests made him a popular figure wherever he went, WHEREVER and he commanded extraordinary affection and loyalty from his col¬ leagues. Allen was helpful to YOU ARE Eleanor in her domestic crises and more than a match for McCarthy in the latter’s attempt to besmirch William P. Bundy and others in the WORK INDEPENDENTLY CIA. Mosley describes Allen as a WITH compulsive “womanizer,” though without much substantiating data A FULLY ACCREDITED other than gossip about one or two well-known affairs. He might have INSTITUTION added that Allen’s greatest failing was a garrulity truly extraordinary in a secret service chief. There are illuminating vignettes about other figures of the era. In¬ cluded as an appendix is a profes¬ Master of Business Administration sional appraisal of Allen that Mos¬ (requires 8 days on campus three times a year) ley actually obtained from Kim Philby in Moscow which is both acute and malicious. Some of the M.S. in Social Sciences clandestine types at the CIA (requires 14 days on campus for two summers) emerge as reckless condottiere, ob¬ sessed with their undercover games MFA in Advertising Design or Illustration and virtually uncontrollable. An¬ thony Eden comes through as brit¬ (requires 14 days on campus for three summers) tle and superficial, with a strain of hysteria beneath his polished ex¬ terior. Foster and Eden personally Also B.S. in Business Administration and B.A. in Liberal Studies disliked each other and when at the peak of the Suez crisis Eden inad¬ vertently revealed that he had never actually read the Suez Canal Convention, it confirmed Foster’s opinion of his “non-pro¬ fessionalism.” Eden could also be difficult with his own colleagues. The respected military historian Sir Basil Liddell-Hart was unable to For further information: produce a memorandum compati¬ ble with Eden’s views and for his pains received a bottle of ink full in Director of Graduate Studies, the face to which he responded by ISDP, 610 E. Fayette St., Syracuse, N.Y. 13202 jamming a waste-basket over the Phone: (315) 423-3269 or 423-3284 PM’s head! The book has already met with a FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 33 stormy reception, partly because of dissatisfaction with the accuracy of titudes, and Nazi Germany misspellings and solecisms which quotations or the description of reached the apogee of its domestic disfigure every chapter (e.g. characters and events. techniques during World War II. Livingston(e) Merchant; (von) Mr. Mosley’s book is not in the The present intensive survey of Gaevernitz; Jaritzky for Jaretzky; same class of political biography as Nazi wartime propaganda contends Washington Law School for Townsend Hoopes’s The Devil that the regime thereby in effect George Washington University; and John Foster Dulles (1973). achieved its goals. In so determin¬ Douglas MacArthur II described Perhaps only an American ing, the study examines every sig¬ as the son of the General; “Wild thoroughly steeped in the charac¬ nificant propaganda instrument and Bill” Donovan as short and pug¬ ters and events of the period could its effects, including the orches- nacious, etc.); and partly because make a success of it. But despite its trator for Hitler, Minister Joseph of Eleanor’s subsequent repudia¬ failings, the obvious authenticity of Goebbels. The treatment, for its tion. She alleges that the book con¬ its sources, and its consistent factual and substantive content, is tains 900 errors and falsifications, readability, make it well worth the a useful analysis. and it is true that the first episode, purchase price. A device of governments con¬ describing Allen’s fatal stroke in trolling all information organs is to 1968, is depicted through the eyes —CHARLES MAECHLING, JR. transfer the guilt of its own acts to of the General Counsel of CIA, the victims themselves; i.e., while Lawrence R. Houston and his (The reviewer, formerly in the committing genocide, accuse the wife, who categorically deny being State Department, was also in Sul¬ enemy of this. Additionally, by present. There are other obviously livan & Cromwell.) protracted attacks on plutocrats fictional touches, including recon¬ and bolsheviks, the Nazis instilled stituted conversations. Neverthe¬ such public fears of the conse¬ less, some of the errors may stem quences of a Soviet victory that re¬ from his sources. The book is sistance was prolonged. From his based on hundreds of taped inter¬ The Propaganda War perspective the author assesses views with relatives, colleagues, THE WAR THAT HITLER WON, by that the final Nazi theme, transfer¬ and close friends of the Dulles trio, Robert E. Herzstein. Putnam, $15.00. ring guilt for defeat to the German especially including Eleanor her¬ people, also had its measure of self! A personal check by this re¬ Totalitarian regimes have success. viewer with two heavily quoted pointed the way for methods of ex-colleagues of Allen disclosed no control and distortions of public at¬ —ROY M. MELBOURNE

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34 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June. 1978 Adulation for RN in service to colonial and inde¬ ing Amin is like understanding a

WITH NIXON, by Raymond Price. Vik¬ pendent Uganda for two decades, a hurricane or an earthquake—you ing Press, $12.95. good perspective from which to can only total up the wreckage and view the rise and repulsive reign of the casualties. But Gwyn tries to Raymond Price was with Nixon Idi Amin Dada, the latest man you understand and, fitfully, gives us all the way because, as he says in love to hate. perhaps the best rundown yet on this personal account of his days in Uganda under Amin is one of the Amin’s career in the Ugandan the White House as speech writer, most poignant stories in recent his¬ Army (an appendix on the creation “I care less about whether a presi¬ tory. How a country so physically of that army is also useful dent breaks a law than I do about gorgeous, so abundant in re¬ background). Most of the book is, whether he keeps the peace.” At sources, so rich in its human talent however, a review of Amin’s mis¬ another point in describing Nixon and civility could be so debased rule since his January 1971 coup, and Kissinger, Price observes that into rampant barbarism is a tale of and it is, unfortunately, disparate, “neither was paralyzed by an ex¬ monumental waste. It is this plunge erratic and chronologically jumpy cessive squeamishness about into barbarism that David Gwyn —faults Gwyn himself seems to means when ends that they consid¬ chronicles. recognize at one stage of the book, ered vital for the nation were at It is rather like other such depic¬ but which admission does not im¬ stake.” Price is adulatory of the tions of the Amin regime—David prove his presentation. There are former President for his singular Martin’s and Judith Listowell’s repeated characterizations—too foreign policy achievements with earlier, Henry Kyemba’s more many—of Amin as butcher or nin¬ Russia and China. As for Water¬ recently—a catalog of Amin’s compoop. A chapter, like that on gate, why all the fuss? brutal acts and sadistic slaughter “The Legacy of British Adminis¬ —DAVID LINEBAUGH amidst his constant ego-preening. tration,” can offer a pertinent Plunge into Barbarism Anyone in or around East Africa analysis of how the separation of during the Amin years has their the military from the rest of the IDI AMIN: DEATH-LIGHT OF AFRICA, own collection of Ugandan horror population could contribute to by David Gwyn. Little, Brown and stories, and Gwyn amply supplies Amin’s longevity, but it finally Company, $8.95. his. This is hardly fun reading; it is slides into a confused discussion of This book is a cry of pain, or, as more the writer as witness, having an Amin assassination. its Afterword suggests, “the utter¬ to put down the wickedness he has Such questions of form and ances of a man betrayed.” The au¬ seen to purge himself of it. coherence may be beside the point. thor was a British technical advisor It could be said that understand¬ As stated above, it is really

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FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 35 Gwyn’s anguish which is on dis¬ terwards. Sadly, the afterwards, We are now there. Brown’s sub¬ play. with military carnivores as rapa¬ title describes what he is at very A useful adjunct to that anguish cious and brutal as Amin—and less well: “Accommodating human is an Afterword by Professor Ali amusing—waiting to take over, needs and numbers to the earth’s Mazrui, one of Africa’s most prom¬ could be just as bad, and the blood resources.” His book is an admira¬ inent political scientists and a will surely continue to flow. What ble discussion of the interaction of long-time lecturer at Makerere about outside powers? None seem world ecological, economic and so¬ University in Kampala, whose to care enough to involve them¬ cial systems. While there is nothing rather more clinical, academic view selves with a piece of Central Afri¬ startling or even new that is somewhat balances eyewitness can greenery driven into subjec¬ brought out, the book is a useful Gwyn. Mazrui, I think, rightly crit¬ tion. compendium of what is known, and icizes Gwyn for exaggerating From the account of David in juxtaposing the known of differ¬ Amin’s personal role in the Ugan¬ Gwyn (a pseudonym), it appears he ent disciplines, new insights can be dan tragedy; he emphasizes the left Uganda in 1977. One could ask arrived at. In his last section, “decentralized violence” of a why it took him so long. Brown even provides some useful primitive army run amok—rather —MICHAEL CANNING action suggestions for Govern¬ than tyranny—as much as Amin’s ments, international organizations acts. Mazrui also notes the diffi¬ Consider the Lilies and individuals. As he says, “Once culty in separating fact from fiction we recognize that the issue is not THE TWENTY NINTH DAY, bx Lester in present-day Uganda when inter¬ R. Brown. Norton, $11.95, $3.95 whether we accommodate our¬ national media—operating outside paper. selves to the earth's natural capaci¬ the country—pick up readily on ties and resources but how, other another lurid “Amin story” rather In his introduction, Lester questions arise. Will the adjust¬ than giving a truer picture of Brown quotes the French riddle ments be made sensibly, co¬ events. Finally, Mazrui also under¬ “A lily pond contains a single leaf. operatively, and with foresight, or lines the salience of the ethnic con¬ Each day the number of leaves blindly and catastrophically?” If flicts in Uganda, giving them more doubles—two leaves the second we heed Brown some progress will weight in the Amin era than Gwyn day, four the third, eight the fourth, have been made away from the lat¬ does. So what is to be done? Both and so on. ‘If the pond is full on the ter. Gwyn and Mazrui discuss it, as¬ thirtieth day,’ the question goes, ‘at And yet in two different respects suming a grisly demise of Idi Amin what point is it half full?’ Answer: The Twenty Ninth Day is offen¬ Dada and hoping for the best af¬ ‘On the twenty-ninth day.’ ” sive. On the petty side the price of

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RINDEN DINING IN D.C. sonally does much of the cooking; the superb food of a talented young from page 30 he’s celebrated for his quenelles, chef whose Paris training stands under the late Fernand Point at La also the mousse de pigeon. The out. Depending on the season, Pyramide. He’s a pastry specialist, tournedos Rossini is often made fresh delicacies are flown in from but versatile with other parts of the with fresh foie gras flown in from France, such as oysters, turbot, menu. Fresh fish and game adver¬ France. Unusual dish: slices of loup de mer, oursin, and fresh foie tised almost daily. Quenelles de duck breast cooked medium rare gras, along with fresh cassis. brochet memorable as is salmon in with green pepper and served with This obviously is intended only a Burgundy wine sauce. the pan juices. as a partial list of desirable Golden Palace Restaurant, 726 The Montpelier Restaurant in the places, new and old, but space 7th St., N.W. 783-1225. (L $3 to Madison Hotel, 15th and M permits no more. However, among $4.50; D $5.90 to $10.) Celestial Streets, N.W. 785-1000. (L and the newer entries, four should also Chinese food. Dim sum, the pas¬ brunch $12.50; D $19.50.) French be listed: Le Pavilion, The Prime tries, always available. Deep fried haute cuisine of the finest served in Rib, Tiberio, and Romeo & Juliet, squab one of the unusual dishes. a recherche setting. Brunch the which are French, American and Delectable crab dishes, such as best in town. Lunch and dinner Italian respectively. All are on K soup. Ask proprietor Nelson Lee served buffet style. Street, N.W. for recommendations. Le Provencal, 1234 20th St. N.W. And among the old favorites, Jean-Pierre, 1835 K St., N.W. 223-2420. (L $5 to $7; D $7.95 to several gastronomic fixtures re¬ 466-2022. (L $3.75 to $7; D $7.50 to $11.) Superb dishes with an accent main. Although in new quarters in $14.25.) Classic French cuisine. on Provence. Try trout in any some instances, the food and ser¬ Quenelles de brochet Nantua out¬ form, the same for mussels, vice have happily held up. Some of standing as are scallops on spinach crayfish and fish soup. A decade of them are Jacqueline’s, Harvey’s, with Perigord sauce and baby lob¬ pleasing its clientele attests to the the Iron Gate, Billy Martin’s, the ster in a port wine sauce. Mousse quality of the fare. Mayflower, the Old Europe, Sans of squab also unusual. Rive Gauche, 3200 M. St. N.W. Souci and Duke Ziebert’s. Le Lion D’Or, 1150 Conn. Ave., 333-6440. (L $4 to $6; D $8 to $12.) I won’t say you can’t go wrong in N.W. 296-7972. (L $4.50 to $8.50; The regime that took over the Rive picking a restaurant in Washington, D $8.25 to $14.50.) 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k M FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL. June, 1978 39 SALT—A PATH TO ICBMs now reported under de¬ means to stretch their range. For MUTUAL SECURITY velopment. Whether any of these example, the United States has from page 13 would be ready for testing during many aircraft based in Europe or ment of mobile ICBMs and limit the lifetime of the Protocol is un¬ on carriers capable of striking most the flight testing and deployment of known. In any case there would be of western USSR, and the Soviet new types of ballistic missiles. no US ICBMs that would be af¬ Union has the new Backfire These could be significant steps fected during this period. Thus, it bomber, which can reach the US toward dampening the qualitative would appear that the value of this on one way missions or with in¬ arms race, depending on their exact provision of the Protocol will de¬ flight refueling. After long negotia¬ details and, of course, on what pend not so much on its direct ef¬ tions the Soviets agreed at Vla¬ happens when the Protocol ex¬ fects but on whether it sets a pre¬ divostok to drop the US forward pires. The provision relative to cedent for extending the limitations based systems from the ceilings in mobile ICBMs would halt the for a longer term. The success of SALT II. The United States has feared Soviet conversion of their SALT II in controlling the qualita¬ apparently dropped its insistence SS-16/SS-20 into a mobile ICBM, tive arms race will depend to a on counting the Backfire as long as which could occur momentarily. large extent on whether SALT III it is not made a true intercontinen¬ During the lifetime of the Protocol negotiations move forward rapidly tal bomber by, for example, con¬ it would not affect any US program to provide longer term restraints. figuring it to carry long-range since the MX (the proposed US Since these provisions will not af¬ cruise missiles. These seem to be mobile ICBM) or any alternative fect significantly any US program reasonable solutions for SALT II, thereof will not be ready for testing but could restrict the Soviet Union, but these “grey area” systems will in the next three years. it cannot be argued as unfavorable have to be addressed eventually Exactly what will be the limita¬ to the United States. either in SALT III, the NATO- tions on flight testing of other new The proposed agreements do not Warsaw Pact Mutual Balanced types of ballistic missiles is un¬ address and thus control the so- Force Reduction talks, or in clear. Reportedly it will not stop called “grey area” nuclear delivery another new forum. testing of the US Trident I or the systems, i.e., those systems that do Successful implementation of Soviet SN-NX-18 SLBMs. Pre¬ not have a true intercontinental such a SALT II agreement does sumably it will also not include the capability but that can nevertheless not depend on trusting the Rus¬ Soviet SS-16, 17, 18, and 19 reach targets in the USSR and the sians. National technical means ICBMs but could limit follow-on US by using forward bases or other supplemented by the Standing Calvert School The school that comes to your child REAL ESTATE Complete home-study course for elementary-level students. Kindergarten through 8th grade. An American education anywhere in the world. Ideal for Specialists in enrichment. Home is the classroom, you are the teacher with Calvert’s approved instruction guide. Start any time, transfer to other schools. Used by over 300,000 students. Non-profit. Write for catalog. Admits students of any race, color, na¬ tional or ethnic origin. TOWN HOUSES Established 1897 301-243-6030 CAPITOL HILL • GEORGETOWN FOGGY BOTTOM • MT. PLEASANT

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FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 Consultative Commission estab¬ been used for testing MIRVs. A cruise missiles or its intercontinen¬ lished under the ABM Treaty combination of national technical tal bombers. should be quite adequate for verify¬ means can be used to monitor the The proposed SALT agreement ing an agreement as outlined with¬ testing of mobile and other new is unquestionably in the US na¬ out risk to our national security. types of ballistic missiles. Observa¬ tional interest — and that of the While it cannot be guaranteed that tion of the deployment of mobile Soviet Union — even though it will every potential violation would be missiles is somewhat harder, but a by no means bring the strategic caught, the United States should be violation of a total ban would stand arms race to a halt. Continuing to able to detect any before they could a high probability of being de¬ expand existing arsenals and to become significant. In some cases tected, if they moved about the exploit technological advances where the verification is least reli¬ earth’s surface on trucks or trains. without any restraint would only able, such as cruise missiles, the If they were concealed in under¬ leave both nations with much larger potential gains to the US of being ground trenches or used multiple military expenditures and greater allowed flexibility under the Treaty concealed launchers for each mis¬ risks of becoming involved in a nu¬ to take certain actions more than sile, then monitoring a numbers clear conflict. The significance of offset any complications they may limitation could become impossi¬ calling a halt to the upward growth present for verification. The most ble. The cruise missile limitations in the numbers of strategic delivery important consideration with re¬ are more difficult to verify particu¬ vehicles and at last starting to cut gard to verification is the ability larly with respect to determining back should not be underestimated. and the resolve of the United precisely their range and their Even though the initial reductions States to respond technologically mode of launch. A missile can be are a relatively small fraction of and politically to any Soviet cheat¬ tested at considerably shorter existing stockpiles, this very im¬ ing. ranges than its maximum capabil¬ portant change in direction can lead The numbers of deployed ity, but it is most unlikely that a to still further and more meaningful strategic delivery vehicles can be missile tested at less than 2500 km reductions in future years. The monitored with only minimal un¬ range could be deployed with a proposed ceiling affects the Soviet certainty through use of observa¬ range greater than 5000 km. Poten¬ Union more immediately and tion satellites. Limits on MIRV’d tial Soviet cheating by exceeding deeply, but it will also force the US delivery vehicles can be verified by the permitted range is a minor se¬ to scrap some weapons or planned identifying those deployed missiles curity risk compared to the gain deployments a few years from now. and launchers of a type that have from allowing the US to deploy This turnabout of the arms race

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FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 41 could have profound implications to attain sufficient accuracy to pro¬ circumvented. beyond the US-Soviet confronta¬ vide a true counterforce threat to All in all the proposed SALT II tion since it will demonstrate to the ICBM force of either side. The Agreements would appear to be a non-nuclear nations of the world effectiveness of the agreement on useful step toward controlling the that the nuclear powers are finally this score will depend on the arms race and ensuring greater se¬ prepared to exercise restraint and specifics of the limitations on new curity at reduced cost. The Soviet negotiate seriously to limit nuclear missiles and on how rapidly the two Union will have to make deeper armaments as they undertook to do nations move on to more meaning¬ cuts in its strategic forces than will in Article VI of the Non-Proli¬ ful restrictions in SALT III. The the US in order to meet the deliv¬ feration Treaty. Concrete evi¬ bans on mobile ICBMs will, if con¬ ery vehicle ceiling established in dence of this intent is necessary if tinued, prevent the deployment of the Treaty. The Protocol will also we are to be successful in curbing delivery vehicles that could be ex¬ prevent the feared Soviet deploy¬ the spread of nuclear weapons to tremely difficult to verify and could ment of mobile ICBMs without af¬ additional nations and thus signifi¬ eventually undercut any establish¬ fecting any US program unless it is cantly reduce the risk of a nuclear ment of ceilings on strategic deliv¬ extended beyond 1980. The United catastrophe. ery vehicles. States will be allowed to proceed with the development and deploy¬ The agreement will not and For the first time some limita¬ ment of air-launched cruise mis¬ probably could never have been tions are placed on the latest infant siles to maintain the bomber part of expected to end the emerging de¬ in the strategic weapons nursery — its deterrent. Thus our security will stabilizing threat to the ICBM the cruise missile. The inclusion of clearly be greater than at present. forces of both sides. That opportu¬ aircraft to launch such missiles However the Agreements should nity was lost in SALT 1 when within a MIRV ceiling will put use¬ be recognized as only a step and MIRV controls were eschewed be¬ ful restrictions on these, without should not be over-sold as the an¬ fore deployment had taken place. which the arms race could rapidly swer to all problems of strategic se¬ However, the provisions in the get out of hand. It is unfortunate curity, particularly the problem of Protocol limiting the testing and that more stringent controls will eliminating the potential threat to deployment of new types of ballis¬ not be placed on land- and sea- ICBMs. Therefore, no delay tic missiles could slow and perhaps launched cruise missiles. Unless should be allowed after their sign¬ even prevent a realistic threat from this area is tightened up in SALT ing before moving on to more sig¬ ever materializing. Without testing III, many of the gains made in the nificant quantitative and qualitative new missiles it would be impossible ballistic missile area will have been limitations.

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42 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 WHERE DO I HANG MY HEAD? am feeling lousy and no one else is whose parents are overseas. This from page 16 feeling lousy, then there must be would provide a needed alternative Robert Miner, the grown son of something wrong with me” is a typ¬ for those teenagers whose best Foreign Service parents, referred ical interpretation. Depression and interests may be served by remain¬ to denial in his article “Children other emotional or physical ing in the United States. Without a Country” published in symptoms are the typical outcome Most Foreign Service adoles¬ the Washington Post (1978): “It's over the course of time. cents at first look forward with great longing to a tour in Washing¬ schizzy. . .but when you are young Conclusion you don’t know it’s schizzy. . .you ton. The idea of going “home” are in the middle of India, say, and Foreign affairs agencies could produces great expectations. The trying to recreate yourself in the make use of anticipatory guidance youth has experienced situations image of America. . .Here you insofar as teenage dependents and that almost can’t wait to be told to have this whole group of Ameri¬ their parents are concerned. Slides old or new friends back in the cans. . .desperate to be American. or films pertaining to the country of United States. But friends have So we would sit around and talk assignment, coupled with an often gone in other directions, and about hamburgers. Really. We atmosphere which welcomes ques¬ the incoming teenager is often not would talk about hamburgers and tions and the discussion of personal welcomed or accepted for what can about half of us wouldn’t remember concerns, would open the door to seem like an eternity. Like Judy, what a hamburger tasted like but “feeling the place out” be¬ the youth may prefer to be an we pretended we did.” forehand. Candor on the part of the American abroad rather than an Denial, when used by parents, counselor is an important ingre¬ American facing the grim realities stifles the problem-solving process dient here, as the family and its of the step-by-step integration into and drastically reduces or totally adolescent members are in the pro¬ his or her own country. precludes the searching for other cess of confirming an important life Foreign affairs agencies can sup¬ resources and alternatives. When decision. port the setting up of confidential the developing adolescent who is The Forum Committee of the “rap groups” for these youths, feeling tension in the home or im¬ American Association of Foreign with the specific goals of (1) assist¬ mediate surroundings is assured by Service Women is looking into the ing them in developing their own others that “nothing is wrong,” the possibility of finding “host fami¬ beginning peer group during the in¬ inclination is to look inward: “If I lies” for Foreign Service students tegration period, and (2) allowing

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FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 43 the kids themselves to learn that the problem of re-entry is universal to geographically mobile teenagers and that they aren’t so different after all. Parents too, are often bewildered as to what is expected of them vis-a-vis the schools, their teenage offspring, and the community in general. Parent groups addressing the difficulties and complexities of returning adolescents would give much needed support during this stressful period. Awareness of the universality of any given problem usually results in the reduction of pain and guilt and energies can be channelled in the direction of problem-solving. For although adolescence is a time of struggle and new growth with complications that are not usually remedied by concrete ad¬ vice or “how-to” books, most problems are not insoluble. Indeed, working together within an atmos¬ phere of acceptance and mutual re¬ spect can change the process from one of loneliness and distress into a growth spurt leading to emotional “Squirrels, yes—but there are NO rabbit holes around here.’’ maturity.

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44 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 Offices throughout the Washington area. (202) 659-7X55 along the lines of, “worst of all, Central Committee, I recall seeing LETTERS TO px; | they were righteous!” This came to documents on two separate occa¬ mind in reading William Frelick’s sions ten years apart specifically A Fervent Nay letter in the March 1978 FSJ crit¬ identifying her as a Central Com¬ icizing me for “impetuously” mittee member. After Amnesty It has been seriously pro¬ blackening Amnesty Internation¬ challenged this assertion, the posed by some that Foreign Ser¬ al’s good name. Bureau contacted me here in vice wives be Financially recom¬ The FSJ ran my letter in its Au¬ Singapore to ascertain where the pensed for services in connection gust 1977 issue along with a rebut¬ information had come from. Al¬ with official entertaining abroad. I tal from Mr. Ehrman. Although I though I tried to specify where I would like to cast a negative vote. found Mr. Ehrman’s rebuttal thought the documents could be If I accept pay for a service, my statement misleading and evasive, found (no mean feat, since I had role in that service is institu¬ others may have found it persua¬ seen them respectively four years tionalized. If I am paid to cater, I sive. I have to point out, however, and 14 years earlier), the Bureau become, in effect, a caterer. This is that it included one flat lie. Mr. was unable to lay its hands on not the way I see myself, nor the Ehrman said in his statement that them. I suspect it didn’t try very way I want to be seen in my com¬ “Amnesty International’s 100,000 hard. And rightly so, because the munity. Furthermore, I am obliged figure (for Indonesian political issue was an academic one. to spend much more time and care prisoners) is conceded in private Setting aside the question of on entertainment than would be conversation by GOI officials deal¬ Mrs. Aidit’s membership in the expected of me as a volunteer. ing with the problem.” This is pa¬ PKI Central Committee, it is a In accepting a salary, I acknow¬ tently untrue and Amnesty knows matter of public record that she ledge the right of my employer — it is untrue. Rather than further be¬ was not merely a member but in this case, the United States labor the issue, however, I decided Chairman of the Central Commit¬ Government — to evaluate my per¬ to let the matter lie. I had left on a tee of the PKI's women’s auxil¬ formance. May I expect to be dis¬ new overseas assignment by then, iary, Gerwani. Far from being a missed if an Inspector finds my and some of my own righteousness simple medical doctor/housewife, canapes soggy or the bechamel had evaporated. But now I find she was at the very least the head curdled? An interesting another of Amnesty’s champions of one of the PKI’s largest and thought . . . slashing away once again at my most influential components. MRS. WALTER L. CUTLER August 1977 letter. Let me conclude by emphasiz¬ Kinshasa Mr. Frelick makes two points: ing, as I did in my last letter, that I that Amnesty’s written appeals for have long admired much of the An Orchid for FSJ the release of Dr. Sutanti Aidit did work done by Amnesty Interna¬ not conceal her identity as the tional. I still hold, however, that Congratulations on the in¬ widow of D. N. Aidit, head of the Amnesty’s forays into the complex creasing improvement of The Indonesian Communist Party Indonesian human rights situation Journal so notable over the past six (PKI), and that Sutanti Aidit was have benefited neither the prison¬ months or so. The John Emmerson not a member of the PKI Central ers nor Amnesty International’s excerpts, for example, were won¬ Committee. reputation. Now that Amnesty and derfully worthwhile. ,, With regard to the first of these I have had two cracks at each This note has most immediate points, nonsense! Sutanti Aidit other, I suggest we drop this par¬ focus, however, on James Phillips’s was adopted as a prisoner of con¬ ticular quarrel and turn to more Debate on Retirement article on science by Amnesty, as I recall, useful things. page 3 of the January issue. Al¬ around the end of 1974 or perhaps EDWARD C. INGRAHAM though written half in jest, obvi¬ earlier. The first letters on her be¬ Singapore ously, much of the comment is as half received by us in the EA true as it is amusing. I say that with Bureau from Amnesty members A Thank You the authority, if that can be ac¬ late in 1974 were precisely as I I greatly appreciate the edi¬ cepted, of an FSO-1, Retired. I am have described them. They por¬ torial about me in the April issue of not sure that I would prefer Phil¬ trayed her only as a medical doc¬ the Journal. It is nice to receive the lips's option to that of J. Snivley tor, they made no mention of her judgment of one’s colleagues in the Twill (euthanasia surely would be husband, and the word “com¬ Service to which I have been and more merciful), but that Phillips is munist” didn’t even appear in the always will be devoted. one fine draftsman! texts. Only after we had replied to Will you please extend my the first batch by pointing out her thanks to the author, and to your ROBERT L. KINNEY actual identity did subsequent let¬ Cocoa Beach, Florida editorial staff who made it possible ters from Amnesty members for me to be so honored. On Righteousness switch to the line that she had been PHILIP C. HABIB imprisoned solely because of her Belmont, California I recall one of Kenneth husband’s position. The earlier let¬ Clark’s comments in the Civiliza¬ ters should still be in the EA The JOURNAL welcomes the expression of tion television series. Speaking of its readers' opinions in the form of letters to Bureau’s files, and I expect that the editor. All letters are subject to conden¬ one or another historical group Mr. Frelick could get a look at sation if necessary. Send to: Letters to the (was it the French Revolutionary them if he asked. Editor, Foreign Service JOURNAL, 2101 E leadership?) he said something As to Sutanti Aidit and the PKI Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037. FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 45 JUNE, 1978

This portion of the JOURNAL is the re¬ PROPOSED AID PERSONNEL REORGANIZATIONS sponsibility of the Governing Board of Fundamental changes in AID’s per¬ its personnel. AFSA and is intended to report on sonnel system appear likely. The The proposal for changing the Agen¬ employee-management issues, condi¬ Flumphrey Bill as well as the Zablocki cy’s personnel system includes the fol¬ tions of employment and the policy and and Obey Bills are now being consid¬ lowing: administration of AFSA, including its ered by Congress. Based on comments • Creation of an executive personnel Board, Committees, and Chapters. received from AFSA members abroad system which would cover FSR 1 and Members wishing to send letters on as well as in Washington, AFSA has 2, AD and 631(b) positions. Control of employment, working conditions or testified that we overwhelmingly ap¬ the system would be through an Execu¬ AFSA affairs should get them to AFSA prove the personnel reorganization tive Resources Board of from three to by the 10th of the month preceding de¬ proposed in the Flumphrey Bill and five Executive Personnel appointed by sired publication. AFSA News Commit¬ have made suggestions for futher im¬ the Administrator. GS and FSR per¬ tee, Room 3644, N.S. provements. By contrast, we are con¬ sonnel would enjoy their supergrade cerned that the Obey Bill offers man¬ only while in supergrade positions, but agement too much of a carte blanche to careerists would have administrative do as it wishes without sufficient reemployment rights to positions and CONTENTS suggestions for improvements. grades equivalent to those encumbered However, without waiting for Con¬ before being made supergrades. Note Legislative Proposals 47 gressional action, AID management is that FSR grades 1 and 2 would become Terrorism Protection 47 considering implementing some far temporary promotions. FSRs selected 25 Years Ago 47 reaching changes in the personnel sys¬ for supergrade AID/W positions would Proposed Bylaw Amendments 48-49 tem based on proposals prepared in se¬ be able to serve in AID/W as long as AID Negotiations 50 cret by the Director of Personnel and their appointment(s) lasted; Foreign Service People 51 his chief lieutenants, all of whom are • Promotions to FSR 3 and 4 would civil servants new to the Agency. be tied to a system of application to These proposals have so upset the staff vacant positions. (Note the shift to the of the Office of Personnel and Training Civil Service concept of rank in posi¬ (OPT) that 69 of them signed a dissent tion in the last two proposals); letter to the Administrator. We are told • An open assignments policy (e.g. 1978 MERIT AWARDS that the OPT staff, led by the Deputy the publishing of vacancy lists), with Director, is preparing a counter pro¬ the exception that new hires would be The AFSA Committee on Education posal for the reorganization of OPT. required to spend three tours in their is pleased to announce the names of the AFSA has informed the Director of initial bureau to offset the bureau’s recipients of the I978-1979 Merit OPT that his reorganization proposal OJT investment; Awards for outstanding academic contains two elements unacceptable to • Setting an AID/W FS/GS mix. achievement: AFSA. First, a continuation of an al¬ This could lead to the reserving of TERESA M. BASTIANI most total lack of Foreign Service rep¬ some positions for Foreign Service WENDY N. COHEN resentation in key and influential posi¬ Personnel: DAVID B. GLAZER tions in OPT (only 15 percent of OPT • The hiring of IDls at FSR-8 and a LAURIE B. GRANT RICHARD A. JACOBY would be Foreign Service personnel). lengthening of the automatic promotion SUSAN E. JANICKI This is a strange and unhealthy situa¬ period to 18 months; DAVID CHARLES JOHNSON tion for a foreign affairs agency, i.e. • Promotion eligibility only for those DANIEL E. LEADER OPT cannot be expected to reflect with service overseas during the last ANNE N. LYON adequately a foreign service dimension three years; DOUGLAS J. McMAHON or to understand problems peculiar to • Shortened tours at hardship posts, DAVID W. MURTO the Foreign Service. Second, Foreign and no employee required to serve ANDREW C. NELSON Service and Civil Service placement more than two tours at an extreme MICHAEL ALAN OLSON would be handled jointly by units ser¬ hardship post; WILLIAM F. POL1K vicing client bureaus. The proposal • Reinstitution of an annual KATHERINE L. QUAINTON MATTHEW D. SMITH, III would reverse a change made some selection-out percentage for each class; PAULA V. SMITH years back when the Agency decided • Creation of a career counseling KATHRYN NOEL TOUSSAINT that “Parent Bureaus" constrain per¬ system tied into training and place¬ NINA A. WEINBERG sonnel movement and therefore are not ment; and Package rather than rolling PETER J. WHITING in the interest of the Agency or its em¬ negotiations between bargaining agents These merit awards to graduating ployees. Also, AFSA wonders if a and management. high school students have been made bureau type structure for OPT would Neither AFSA nor AID top man¬ possible again this year by the generous not require more personnel to operate agement have signed off on any of the contribution from the Association of than a unified system. AFSA will give above. (AFSA has told management American Foreign Service Women the senior officers of OPT a chance to that it doesn’t like package bargaining.) (AAFSW) from funds raised at their consider the counter proposal from its However, AFSA's position on these annual Book Fair and from the Ameri¬ staff, which AFSA also will analyze, points is being sought by management. can Foreign Service Association and then will make formal suggestions In order to reflect the opinions of the (AFSA) Scholarship Fund. to the Agency, concerning an organiza¬ Foreign Service, please provide your A story on the Awards and the recip¬ tional structure for OPT that fits both comments on the above to the AID ients will appear in the August Journal. this Agency’s mission and the needs of Standing Committee — AFSA/W. 46 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 AFSA’s LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS 25 YEARS AGO The State Department’s Authoriza¬ during 1978 and 1979; The May 1953 Journal’s feature arti¬ tion Bill for FY 1979 is now being con¬ 4. clarification of the authority of cle was “An Evaluation of our Foreign sidered by Senate and House Commit¬ posts abroad to hire dependents of FS Service,” by Clare Boothe Luce, ex¬ tees. As a result of our testimony be¬ employees so that they can be em¬ cerpted from a speech to the American fore those committees and follow-up ployed in “local hire” positions; Italy Society. Mrs. Luce said, in part, meetings with members of both houses 5. a requirement that the State De¬ “Not the least of the hardships suffered and staffers, one or both versions of the partment complete a study of personnel by American Foreign Service person¬ bill include numerous provisions pro¬ needs and pay schedules with a view nel is that of being compelled to be¬ posed by AFSA which include: toward upward revision of current come, to a great extent, strangers to 1. authority for the Secretary of State FS/GS pay schedule linkages. their own country. It is not pleasant to to reimburse Foreign Service employ¬ 6. extend retirement benefits to cer¬ serve one’s country by accepting exile ees assigned abroad for custom duties tain ICA (USIA) employees whose from it. But the love of America re¬ and local taxes imposed by host gov¬ career included service in bi-national mains. It should be remembered that ernments; centers and Radio Free Europe. the song ‘Home, Sweet Home’ was not 2. a more restrictive ceiling on the 7. repeal of the “Pell Amendment” written by a man sitting safely by his total number of Schedule C type FSR included in the 1978 Authorization Bill fireside, but by an American Foreign appointments which the State Depart¬ which made FSOs and FSlOs ineligi¬ Service officer stationed in Tunis. . .1 ment may make; ble for overtime compensation. have not yet gotten over my feeling of 3. authority for retirement annuity to These and other AFSA proposals surprise at the vast difference between be computed on the basis of a “high were well received on the Hill. We the idea of the State Department and one,” rather than the “high three” sal¬ shall continue our efforts to ensure that the Foreign Service which is current on ary for those employees’ whose sal¬ these various proposals are included in Capitol Hill and what the State De¬ aries have been capped and who retire the enacted version of the bill. partment and Foreign Service really are like. I have been greatly impressed by the experienced, intelligent and ded¬ IS PROTECTION FROM TERRORISM ADEQUATE??? icated civil servants with whom I have been brought into touch as a result of AFSA was distressed to learn that make all Foreign Service personnel my new job.” the two terrorists convicted of par¬ conscious of the need for better secu¬ ticipating in the 1974 assault on our rity habits, e.g., all Foreign Service Embassy in Nicosia and the resulting personnel are required to participate in Tom Donovan, still a frequent con¬ death of our Ambassador and an Em¬ a one-day anti-terrorism seminar before tributor to the Journal, reported on the bassy secretary now expect to be re¬ going to post; disastrous flood in the Netherlands in leased from prison as early as August • Mobile Security Teams have vis¬ February. Embassy personnel and 1978! Their imminent release becomes ited posts in particularly troubled areas their families rose to the occasion and possible because of a recent decision (Middle East, North Africa) to instruct the American military in Germany and by the Supreme Court of Cyprus to re¬ our personnel in such topics as evasive the American Red Cross furnished duce their sentences. driving, firearms training and general needed help. Tom's article ended “The In a letter to Secretary Vance, personal security. important thing was that Americans, AFSA expressed our deep concern re¬ AFSA’s Committee on Extraordi¬ reacting as free individuals, were able garding the lenient punishment being nary Dangers will continue to monitor on their own initiative to set in motion a imposed on these two terrorists. Their these developments. relief effort which was of immense original short sentences, now further value in strengthening further the reduced, do not meet the criterion of bonds between the American and justice or the goal of establishing a de¬ Dutch peoples.” terrence of such acts. At a time when there is an increased number and sever¬ Lois Perry Jones reconstructed a day ity of threats being directed against our BIO REGISTER at an open session of the Senate Per¬ missions abroad and their personnel, manent Investigating Subcommittee, we asked the Secretary to look person¬ The request published in FSJ for under the chairmanship of Senator ally into the question of whether the Service views on whether publication Joseph R. McCarthy. The witness was United States Government has taken of the Biographic Register as a public Dr. Julius H. Hlavaty, a teacher at the sufficient measures to give adequate document should be resumed has Bronx High School of Science, who protection. evoked 265 replies. Respondents were had participated in a VOA broadcast to In reply, the Department stated that also asked if they would approve their Czechoslovakia in May of 1952. Mr. it has publicly expressed dismay and own biographic data being included. To Hlavaty read a speech prepared for him dissatisfaction with the reduced sen¬ date the response would appear to con¬ for the broadcast and was not paid for tences granted the two Cypriot ter¬ stitute a good sampling of Service sen¬ his services. The burden of the ques¬ rorists. Continuing, the Department timent. Responses came from FSOs, tioning was on whether he was then or wrote that the Office of Security has FSIOs, FSSOs, FSRs, FSRUs and had been a member of the Communist taken a series of measures to expand GS classes. Of the 265 replying, 15 Party. security for F.S. personnel serving were not in favor of resumption of pub¬ overseas. These include: lication. The current status of the poll • new security standards for over¬ therefore refutes the Department’s Donald H. Robinson contributed an seas building lobbies which have been claim of widespread objection to the is¬ article on the introduction of the tung developed and are being implemented; suance of the Register as a public tree into Paraguay in 1928. Tung oil ex¬ • the number of professional security document on the ground of invasion of ports from that country amounted to officers assigned to overseas posts has privacy. Those who have not yet re¬ $1,000.000 in 1950 and the credit for in¬ been significantly increased (from 81 in sponded are urged to do so promptly in troducing the tree belongs to John B. 1974 to 135 at present); order that the poll may reflect their Faust, Vice Consul in Asuncion in • programs have been initiated to views. 1928. FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 47 BYLAWS REVISION COMMITTEE FLOATS TRIAL BALLOON The Ad Hoc committee on Bylaws employed in the Foreign Service in management of the Association affairs Revision (Chairman: Hydle; Members: each of the foreign affairs agencies, and and the Association’s financial posi¬ Rogers, O’Connor and Cleveland) has by and from the Membership formerly tion, and its plans and budget for the considered the handful of suggestions employed in the Foreign Service in all succeeding year. The Board shall also received from Members and has come the foreign affairs agencies. One Rep¬ facilitate communication from any up with a number of ideas which it is resentative shall be elected by each of Member(s) to the Membership, or any thinking of recommending to the Board the above constituencies for each 1,000 practicable portion thereof, on Associ¬ as Bylaws Amendment proposals to be Members or fraction thereof as of the ation business, at the expense of the voted on by the Membership. Their last working day of the calendar year Member(s) initiating the communica¬ purpose is to deal with specific real or before the election year.” tion.” perceived problems that have arisen in REASON: This makes it clear that REASON: This gathers together implementation of the Bylaws since retired Foreign Service people, regard¬ existing articles concerning the Board’s they were last revised in 1973, and to less of where they are presently em¬ obligations to the Membership with re¬ shorten and simplify the Bylaws where ployed, are in a separate constituency; spect to policy and financial matters. possible and appropriate. eliminates specific reference to the Draft Amendment F These draft proposals, with support¬ names (which may change) of the Improve Procedures and Clarify ing statements, are floated below to foreign affairs agencies; and establishes Language on Board Meetings. stimulate Members’ reactions. a date on which the number of repre¬ Delete VIII, renumber succeeding Comments are requested by July 15. sentatives to be elected may be deter¬ articles, and insert new IV.7: We repeat that these are not yet formal mined. “7. The Board shall meet at least amendment proposals, and that Mem¬ Draft Amendment D once each month, and shall meet to bers’ comments would be most wel¬ Improve Procedure for Recall of consider a particular subject or subjects come before the Committee makes Governing Board Members. upon the written request of the Presi¬ formal recommendations to the Gov¬ Delete X and insert new IV.5: dent, one third of the Members of the erning Board. “5. The Membership has the right to Board, one Chapter, or 25 Members, Draft Amendments to the Bylaws recall any Officer, and the Membership submitted at least five days prior to the of any constitutency has the right to re¬ date of the proposed meeting. Meetings Draft Amendment A call any Representative, in whom said shall be announced and open to mem¬ Lift constraint on Board's power to Membership has no confidence. A bers and Associates; provided, that the appoint Officers to fill vacancies. two-thirds majority of the Governing Board may adopt regulations to pre¬ In IV.2, delete “and whenever pos¬ Board, or five percent of the Mem¬ serve good order, and may go into sible Officers shall be chosen from bership concerned, may recommend executive session. Minutes, except of among the elected Representatives.” such recall by written request, and Executive Sessions, shall be available REASON: There is no reason that supporting statement to the Elections to Members and Associates.” elected Representatives should be Committee. The Committee shall sub¬ REASON: To empower the Board given preference to other qualified mit the recall proposal, accompanied rather than the President to determine Members, or to considerations of bal¬ by such supporting statement, and by when and where it shall meet, while ance among the various constituencies statements, if any, submitted in favor permitting the President to initiate or interests within the Association. of the Board Member in question, to meetings. Draft Amendment B the Membership concerned for a secret Draft Amendment G Subordinate Officers to Governing ballot election.” Establish Standing Committee for Board. REASON: To make it clear that re¬ Elections and Referenda. Delete V, renumber successive Arti¬ call is a no-confidence vote, not a Create new V entitled “Internal Or¬ cles accordingly, and insert a new quasi-disciplinary procedure; to restrict ganization” IV.3. the recall decision on a Representative Delete IX. 9, reletter succeeding “3. The Officers shall be a President, to the Membership of that Representa¬ paragraphs, and insert paragraph V.l: a Vice President, a Second Vice Presi¬ tive’s constituency; to make it more “1. The Standing Committee on dent, a Secretary, and a Treasurer, difficult than at present to initiate a re¬ Elections shall have full power within elected by and from the entire Mem¬ moval, and thus forestall frivolous and the Association, subject to applicable bership. They shall have the powers harassing recall proposals; but make law and regulation, these Bylaws, and and duties specifically conferred on the procedures more rapid once the re¬ the Association budget, to conduct them by applicable law and regulation, call has been duly initiated. The Elec¬ regular elections for Governing Board these Bylaws, and the Governing tions Committee would promulgate de¬ members, any election for the recall of Board.” tailed procedures. a Governing Board Member, any ref¬ REASON: To avoid, and provide Draft Amendment E erendum, and any vote on amendments guidance for resolving, conflict be¬ Clarify Power and Duty of the Gov¬ to these Bylaws. The Committee shall tween individual Officers and the Gov¬ erning Board to Keep Membership In¬ establish regulations for these proce¬ erning Board, by making it clear that formed, Seek its Advice, and Facilitate dures and interpret relevant sections of the Officers are subject to the direction Communication Among Members. the Bylaws, resolve disputes, and de¬ of the Board except to the extent that Delete V11.4.f and g and last sen¬ termine and declare results. The the Bylaws or applicable law and regu¬ tence of VIII.3 and insert a new IV.6: Committee shall be composed of at lation specifically give them powers “6. To the extent practicable, the least five Members, including a Chair, and duties. Governing board shall keep the mem¬ and including at least one Member Draft Amendment C bership currently informed, seek its ad¬ from each constituency. The Govern¬ Clarify Composition of Constituen¬ vice before making decisions, and in¬ ing Board shall appoint the Members cies and Date for Determining Number form the Membership of its decisions, of the Committee for two year terms to be Elected. on important matters affecting the beginning July 15 of each even- Delete VI and insert new IV.4: Membership, the Foreign Service, and numbered year, and shall fill vacancies “4. The Representatives shall be the Association. The Board shall re¬ occurring during such term, but may elected by and from the Membership port to the Membership annually on its not remove Committee Members ex- 48 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June. 1978 cept on recommendation of the Com¬ a year, and must call such a meeting to REASON: To provide a means, mittee, or in accordance with discipli¬ deal with a specified agenda at the writ¬ other than runoff, of electing Officers nary procedures. The first Committee ten request of one fourth of the Board, with a majority mandate from the to be appointed after ratification of this or 100 Washington Members. Such a Members voting. amendment shall be appointed as soon meeting may make recommendations as possible, with a term expiring in July to the Board on any matter within the 1980. Committee Members shall be im¬ Board’s authority.” Draft Amendment O partial in the performance of their REASON: This defines the Wash¬ Move Up Date of Counting Ballots. duties. While serving on the Commit¬ ington Membership; eliminates the IX.9, line 2, delete “10” and insert tee, and for six months thereafter, the June 1 date previously specified for the “1.” Members shall not be Board Members, annual meeting, a date which currently REASON: To remove the gap be¬ or candidates or nominators therefor, comes in the middle of Governing tween receipt of the last ballots and or adopt public positions on any cur¬ Board elections; and eliminates the un¬ counting them. Experience indicates rent candidates, proposed recall, refer¬ enforceable provisions on chapter that 45 days is sufficient for Members endum or Bylaws amendment; or ac¬ meetings. who wish to vote to do so. The change cept appointment to the Chair of in schedule would also allow time for a two-week transition before the new another Committee. Draft Amendment K Board takes office. REASON: To have a standing com¬ Transfer Chapters Article to Internal mittee relatively insulated from Gov¬ Organization. erning Board influence, which would Transfer XIV as new V.5. Draft Amendment P develop expertise and procedures for REASON: To consolidate elements Clarify Referendum Procedure. elections and referenda, and which of internal organization in one Article. Delete XII and insert Change to X to would not have to be established on an read as follows; ad hoc basis in the heat of an election, Draft Amendment L ‘‘The Membership may, by majority recall, refendum, or Bylaws amend¬ Discourage Frivolous Candidacies. vote in a referendum, determine the ment. The power to determine and de¬ IX.3, add ", and funds sufficient to Association's policy on any matter clare results would include, for exam¬ cover the pro-rated cost to the Associa¬ within the Governing Boards’s author¬ ple, the power to break ties in an elec¬ tion of publishing platform state¬ ity. One-third of the Governing Board, tion. ments.” 10 Chapters, or 100 Members may in¬ itiate a referendum by submitting a Draft Amendment H IX.5, line 5, delete “at Association expense.” specific proposal to the Standing Institutionalize Constituency Stand¬ Committee on Elections. If the Elec¬ ing committees. IX. 10, add ‘‘The Election Commit¬ tee shall return the funds deposited to tions Committee determines that the Create new V.2: proposal is within the authority of “2. Standing Committee for each of cover platform statements to any Offi¬ cer candidate who has received not less Board, it shall submit the proposal, ac¬ the constituencies shall have primary companied by statements, if any, from responsibility, subject to the overall di¬ than 10 percent of the valid first prefer¬ ences cast for that Officer position, the proponents and opponents of such rection of the Governing Board, for the proposal, to the Membership in a refer¬ interests of Members of said con¬ and to any Representative candidate who has received not less than 10 per¬ endum.” stituencies. The Chair and Members of REASON: To make it clear that the each such committee shall be ap¬ cent of the valid ballots cast for that Representative position.” Membership has authority concurrent pointed by the Governing Board from with the Governing Board on any mat¬ among the Members within each such REASON: To discourage frivolous candidacies. ter on which it chooses to speak in a constituency. The Chairpersons shall referendum; to permit a minority of be from the Governing Board, Governing Board Members to initiate a whenever possible. Draft Amendment M referendum; to provide explicitly for REASON: To institutionalize pres¬ Modify Requirement for Campaign Elections Committee control over the ent practice of vesting responsibility for Meetings. process; to make specific reference to the affairs of the specific constituencies IX.5, line 8, delete “shall” and insert the possibility of statements for and primarily with Members from such “may.” against the referendum proposal. More constituencies. REASON: Campaign meetings have detailed regulations for the conduct of been poorly attended and are unduly referenda would be promulgated by the Draft Amendment I burdensome to organize. Elections Committee. Maintain Autonomy of Editorial Board. Draft Amendment N Draft Amendment Q Transfer VII.4.i as new V.3 Give Officers a Majority Mandate. Establish Parliamentary Authority. REASON: To maintain the present IX.7, line 1, delete “one” and insert New last Article entitled ‘‘Par¬ quasi-autonomous role of the Editorial “a preferential.” liamentary Authority”. Board and put it with other paragraphs IX.10, add, ‘‘Provided that if no “The Association's Parliamentary in the new article on internal organiza¬ candidate for an Officer position has Authority shall be the most recent edi¬ tion. rceived a simple majority of first pref¬ tion of Robert's Rules of Order Newly Draft Amendment J erence votes, the Committee shall Revised; except as otherwise provided Establish Washington Membership. eliminate from consideration all except by applicable law and regulation, these Delete XI and insert following as the two leading candidates, and shall Bylaws, and the Governing board.” V.4: take the ballots which gave first prefer¬ REASON: To establish in the “4. The Washington Membership ence to the other candidates, beginning Bylaws parliamentary authority to shall consist of all Members resident in with the lowest-ranking candidate, and which Board Members and Members or assigned to the Washington area shall attribute each such ballot to the can refer for settling disputes about (the District of Columbia, Maryland, leading candidate preferred, until one procedures to follow in running the As¬ Virginia and West Virginia). The Gov¬ of the leading candidates has a simple sociation, while retaining the supre¬ erning Board shall call a meeting of the majority of preferences; and shall de¬ macy of the Bylaws and the Governing Washington Membership at least once clare that candidate elected.” Board.

FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 49 AID NEGOTIATION BREAKTHROUGH—AID RIF AGREEMENT

AFSA is pleased to announce that training, even though the employee RIF’d employees are specified in the after years of efforts by the Associa¬ may not currently occupy a position agreement. tion, an agreement has been reached with that code. Individuals will be 10. AID is to provide reasonable with AID regarding RIF procedures. notified and given a chance to comment amounts of retraining for employees Should there be a necessity for another on the skills code to be assigned. subject to RIF when such training reduction-in-force within AID in the Periodic review of skills codes is pro¬ would make a direct contribution to the next two years (and we all know AID’S vided. employee’s placement. RIFs have come along like clockwork 5. For the first time in the history of We would be pleased to provide a in the last few years), the provisions of the Agency, AFSA is very proud to copy of this agreement to anyong who this new agreement will govern. have achieved agreement on certain as¬ is interested. Just write: AFSA, Room AFSA negotiated several first-time signment rights for our Foreign Service 3644 New State. important benefits in this new personnel. “Assignment rights” in the agreement—benefits that will accord context of a RIF means certain rights RENEW MEDICAL AID’s Foreign Service employees a of an employee, under proper circum¬ much fairer break in the event of stances, to be offered another position CLEARANCES another RIF than they have ever had in the Agency prior to being separated Several FS employees and their de¬ before. by RIF. (These include rights similar to pendents have queried us recently con¬ Some of the key provisions are out¬ the Civil Service “bumping” rights.) cerning how often they may or should lined here: AID Foreign Service employees have obtain new medical clearances. 1. With regard to its responsibility to never had such assignment rights be¬ If this is one of your questions too, its career Foreign Service employees, fore, and the lack has led to many in¬ here's the answer: AID “pledges to conduct a reduction- equities. Under the agreement, a career • employees and dependents sta¬ in-force only when a surplus of person¬ employee may not be separated by RIF tioned abroad are recommended to nel cannot be relieved by other means if there is a continuing position in have new medical clearances every 18 such as reassignments, retraining, and another occupational category which months. restricting to the extent possible the has the same code as the employee’s • employees and dependents sta¬ employment of individuals such as con¬ primary skill code and is occupied by a tioned in the United States are recom¬ tractors, consultants or experts, as limited employee who has the same mended to have new medical clear¬ under a PASA agreement. In addition, class as the employee, or one class ances every two years. on request by employees, the Agency above or one class below. Further, (The source of all this good informa¬ will provide specific outplacement as¬ management has made a commitment tion: 3 FAM 684.7-3) sistance (with respect to both employ¬ to consider implementing assignment ment in the private sector and transfers rights under some circumstances, mak¬ to other agencies) and counseling con¬ ing an employee eligible for assignment SHARE SCHOOL EXPERIENCES cerning voluntary retirement.” to another competitive level, where the WITH FSECC 2. AFSA is to be informed of any other competitive level has the same prospective RIF in advance, followed personal class as the affected employee The Foreign Service. Educational by such details as are available regard¬ and the occupational category code is and Counseling Center enlists your ing the number and classes of personnel the same as the employee’s primary help in providing families with up-to- and positions to be reduced. The skill code, and where the position in¬ date information on schools (both here agency will supply AFSA with copies volved is a continuing one occupied by and abroad, public and private). of the applicable RIF registers. an employee with a lower retention Please write us (or telephone, if in 3. One of the most important provi¬ standing. These provisions go a long Washington) about schools your chil¬ sions is the section dealing with Postion way toward redressing the inequity dren are currently attending or have at¬ AOSCs. Within six months of the effec¬ present in a Foreign Service RIF tended in the past two years. We would tive date of this agreement, the Agency where employees have been separated particularly like to hear from parents is to review and revise its Position from the Agency because they had the whose children have attended boarding AOSCs on the basis of the four-digit bad luck to be assigned to the wrong schools (US and abroad) within the occupational codes included in the place at the wrong time, even though past two years. Contact Bernice Mun- Agency’s position Management Hand¬ their assignment at the time of the RIF sey or Mary Vogel, FSECC, 2101 E St. book. In most cases, the four-digit may have had little relationship to their N.W., Washington D.C. 20037. Tel grouping will constitute the occupa¬ record of experience with the Agency. (202) 3384045. tional category for determining compet¬ 6. Before any career employee is itive level—that is, for determining RIF’d, the Agency is to consider the TAXATION OF FS which employees are grouped together employee for possible assignment to a ALLOWANCES on a retention register in the event of a vacant position for which the employee RIF. This is critical, as the six-digit is qualified, if the position classification Even though the Administration codes which the Agency has used for is within one class of the employee’s made no proposals to amend Section this purpose have been far too narrow, classification. 912 of the Internal Revenue Code so as trapping many employees in one- 7. No career employee may be to expose Foreign Service allowances person competitive levels where they RIF’d until all Ls in the same AOSC, to taxation, this issue has been raised in could be picked off easily in a RIF. within one class of the career the responsible Senate and House 4. Within six months, skills codes employee, are separated. Committees. We continue to make (primary, and in some cases, secondary 8. Notwithstanding a last-minute ef¬ calls on the various members of those and tertiary) will be assigned to em¬ fort by AID management during committees and their staffs in an effort ployees based on their overall record of negotiations for several geographic to head off any move to impose further experience, education and training. competitive areas, AFSA held firm for taxes on our allowances. As of our The primary skills code represents the a worldwide competitive area for going to print, these efforts appear to skill in which the employee is best qual¬ Foreign Service employees. be successful but the issue requires ified by experience, education and 9. Appeal processes available to constant attention. 50 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June. 1978 rO I SPECIAL COMMON APPLICATION AVAILABLE AT FSECC I SERVICES A Common Application, adopted by Marriage In order to be of maximum assistance to nearly 100 independent colleges and AFSA members and Journal readers we are Griffin-Macfarlane. Ann Erica Griffin universities, is now available at the accepting these listings until the 15th of and Lewis Renz Macfarlane were mar¬ Foreign Service Educational and each month for publication in the issue ried on April 8 in Napa, California. The Counseling Center, 2101 E St., N.W. dated the following month. The rate is 400 Macfarlanes are presently assigned to Washington, D.C. per word, less 2% for payment in advance, the Department of State. A student has only to fill out one ap¬ minimum 10 words. Mail copy for adver¬ plication form, photocopy it, and send Birth tisement and check to: Classified Ads, it to any college participating in the Foreign Service Journal, 2101 E Street, Jenkins. A son, Robert Michael, Jr., program. The student is saved the time N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037. born to FSR Robert M. Jenkins and and expense of writing to each college FSO JoAnn McMahon Jenkins, on for different application materials. FOR RENT March 20 in Alexandria, Virginia. If colleges want additional writing samples, the applicant may photocopy SPACIOUS NORTH ARLINGTON rambler. Walk to Deaths high schools, drive to FSI/Department in ten a paper which was submitted as a regu¬ minutes. Contact McKee (703-532-3293) or c/o Anderson. Leland Ray Anderson, lar school assignment (including the FSI-LS/SPS, Room 5602 SA-15. FSR-retired, was killed in an airplane teacher’s comments and grade) and crash at the Aswan Dam on March 8. submit this paper as his writing sample. 3-4 bedrooms, 2-1/2 baths, studio apartment, Mr. Anderson joined AID in 1957 and Some of the colleges participating in CHARMING BRICK HOUSE, air-conditioned, lovely served in Nepal, Turkey, Pakistan, the Common Application program are garden, garage. Short walk to leading supermar¬ Vietnam, before retiring in 1975. He Amherst, Antioch, Beloit, Bennington, kets, department stores, private, parochial and public schools, one block from Wisconsin Ave., then joined Hawaiian Agronomics and Bowdoin, Coe, Hood, Kenyon, McA- 18-minute bus-ride to Federal Triangle. $650/ traveled extensively to assignments in lester, Mills, Mount Holyoke, Oberlin, mo. without utilities. 4305 Fessenden St., N.W., Iran, the Ivory Coast, Indonesia, the Pitzer, Rice, Vanderbilt, Wesleyan, Washington, D.C. 20016. (202) 244-7834. Philippines, Venezuela, Ecuador, the and Williams. Solomon Islands and Egypt. He is sur¬ FSECC has on hand copies of the vived by his wife, Harriet, 126 1977-78 Common Application. Copies HOUSES FOR EXCHANGE Nawiliwili St., Honolulu, two sons, of the 1978-79 form are on order. WANT A RENT-FREE vacation? Write—Holiday two daughters and a granddaughter. Home Exchange, Box 555, Grants, New Mexico Armour. Norman Armour Jr., former USA 87020. FSO, died on April 26 in New York. Mr. Armour, the son of Norman Ar¬ MEMBERS EXCHANGE HOMES for RENT-FREE vaca¬ mour, retired Ambassador and former SPECIAL OFFER tions, sabbaticals, home visits. Since 1960. VA¬ Secretary of State, joined the Foreign The Asia Mail, a monthly publication CATION EXCHANGE CLUB, 350-F Broadway, New Service in 1949 and served at Paris, York 10013. offering “American Perspectives on Nuevo Laredo and with the US Mis¬ Asia and the Pacific,” offers a free sion to the UN. In addition to his par¬ one-year subscription to all AFSA REAL ESTATE ents, of 825 Fifth Avenue, New York members who are interested in Asia. LOUDOUN, CLARKE COUNTIES & WEST VIRGINIA. 10021, he is survived by his wife, Please indicate your acceptance of For commuter, retirement or investment. Per¬ Cynthia Howe Armour and four chil¬ this free offer to The Asia Mail, P.O. sonal service: Contact Bill Carey, McDaniel-Kent dren. Box 1044, Alexandria, Virginia 22313. Realty, Purcellville, Virginia 22132. Tel. (703) Dixon. Huston Dixon, FSO-retired, 338-7611. died on April 7, in St. Johns, New¬ foundland. Mr. Dixon entered on duty MANZANILLO, MEXICO. ISLAND for tourism de¬ with the Department of State in 1947 velopment. $2 million. Write M. Allen, 5852 and joined the Foreign Service in 1954. AWARDS AND ACTIVITIES Marbury, Washington, D.C. 20034. He served at St. Johns, Lahore, Tel Ambassador Ellsworth Bunker re¬ Aviv and London before his retire¬ INCOME TAX BLUES FADE AWAY when you look at ceived an award for Distinction in the ment. He is survived by two sisters, the advantages of owning real estate. Call on a Conduct of Diplomacy from the full-time professional for assistance with real Mrs. George W. Arnett of Trenton, Georgetown School of Foreign Service estate puchase or sale in the Washington area. N.J.. and Mrs. Marion R. Bryant of in April. The award, in honor of Jit Harold Wright, Routh Robbins Realtors, 7920 Chatham, Mass. Woodmont Ave., Bethesda, MD. 20014. Raymond Trainor, 1927 SFS graduate, NEW CAREER included a check and a Georgetown University chair. Robert C. Neumann, SEASHORE RENTAL George C. McGhee, retired ambas¬ Director of the Institute for the Study BETHANY BEACH, DELAWARE—3-bedroom, 2 sador, has been named to head the Na¬ of Diplomacy, read the citation of the bath, attractively furnished house. All electric tional Advisory Board for the Center award. air, heat, appliances. Tennis, pools, near ocean. for the Book at the Library of Con¬ James Donovan, ICA, has inaugu¬ $275 summer weeks, $700 monthly off-season. gress. Ambassador McGhee, since his rated the Samuel Butler Society and Penthouse 9, 18304 Gulf Blvd., Redington retirement, has served as chairman of Newsletter and has sent off the first of Shores, Florida 33708. Phone 813-898-9777. the board of the Saturday Review, his newsletters to 100 potential Butler chairman of the National Associates fans. Butler maintained that The Odys¬ Board of the Smithsonian Association, sey was written by a woman, that Jesus BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES chairman of the Urban Coalition and did not die on the cross, and that Shakespeare’s sonnets were numbered DISTRIBUTE RAND McNALLY ROAD MAPS the Business Council for International . . . High Profits ... Low Wholesale Prices Understanding, as well as being active all wrong. Prospective members will . . . Dealerships available . . . Amerimap, Inc., in the Aspen Institute for Humanistic find Butler Society headquarters at 734 Marquette Bank Building, Rochester, Min¬ Studies, the Council for Economic De¬ 4100 Cathedral Avenue, NW, Wash¬ nesota 55901 (507) 288-6477. velopment and the Asia Foundation. ington, D.C. 20016.

FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, June, 1978 51 Overseas insurance ■ either replaces your ■ household effects | at today’s prices or

Actual Cash Value Current Replacement Cost Most overseas insurance policies cover your The American Foreign Service Association is household effects for their replacement cost less sponsoring a Package Insurance Program for AFSA depreciation. This means that your $500 stereo sys¬ members only. The AFSA program covers you for the tem purchased 5 years ago may have an actual cash replacement cost of household furniture and personal value of only $250 today. That’s what most overseas effects that are lost or destroyed. insurance policies (or the Claims Act) would pay if it This means that your $500 stereo system would were lost or destroyed—hardly enough to replace the be replaced with a similar system at today’s prices entire system at today’s prices. even though they may be higher than $500, subject only to the policy deductible of $50.00. Under the AFSA plan you can also add coverage for valuables or worldwide personal liability for you and your family. All with the assurance that you'll get fast, fair claims service. And the rates are low. Basic property insurance costs only 750 per $100 of coverage. Give yourself some peace of mind before you / move overseas. Send for our free brochure to help jr you determine how much insurance you need S and how much it will cost. Or call your AFSA insurance specialist at: S

The AFSA Desk, The Hirshorn Company 8333 Germantown Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. 19118, (215) CH2-8200. Send me your free brochure S (with built-in application form) that S answers my questions about overseas insurance.

yr Name

S Address

/ City. .State/Zip. 678