sign in sign up
<<
Home , Anterior cranial fossa, Canal (anatomy), Condylar canal, Cranial fossa, Facial canal, Foramen

Connections of the Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer Revised by: dr. György Somogyi Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of , Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005 ¡ © ¡     ©  ¡    ¡ ¡ 

§ § § § § § § § § ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ £ ¢ ¥ ¥ ¤ £ ¢ ¤ ¨ ¥ ¤ ¢ ¥ ¤ ¨  ¢ ¨ ¨  ¥ ¢ ¢ ¤ ¥ £  ¢ £ ¥ ¥ ¢ £ ¥  ¥ ¤ ¢ £ ¥   ¨ ¢ ¥ ¥ ¤ ¨  ¢ £  ¢  ¥ ¢ ¤ ¢ ¢         # " 4 4 + 3 9 :  4 5 + 3 + 4  + + 1 3 6 6 6 6  ! ) ) ) )  ) ) ) ) ) ) ) % 0 / , , , 7 0 % / ( (   & % ( % , ( 0 , 0 / & / ( % , ( 7 & ( ( % / , % , %   , & % / % % ( % % . 0 0 , , 0 ' * $ ' ' * 8 $ '   * ' - 2 $

= < ; @ ? > AB

Nasal cavity 1) Common nasal From where (to where) Contents Anterior cranial Olfactory (I. n.) and foramina Anterior ethmoidal a. and n. Incisive Oral cavity Nasopalatine a. "Y"-shaped canal Nasopalatine n. (of Scarpa) (from V/2 n.) Superior posterior nasal nerves (from V/2 n.) or pterygopalatine foramen Sphenopalatine a. Choana - nasopharynx - Aperture of Sphenoid sinus -- ventillation (paranasal sinus!) in the sphenoethmoidal recess

2) Superior Posterior ethmoidal air cells (sinuses) -- ventillation (paranasal sinuses!)

3) Middle nasal meatus Anterior and middle ethmoidal air cells -- ventillation (paranasal sinuses!) (sinuses) Semilunar hiatus (Between ethmoid bulla and uncinate process) • Anteriorly: Ethmoidal infundibulum -- ventillation (paranasal sinus!) • Behind: Aperture of Maxillary sinus (of Highmore) -- ventillation (paranasal sinus!)

4) Inferior nasal meatus

1 Connections of the skull Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer Revised by: dr. György Somogyi Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005

Oral cavity From where (to where) Contents Incisive canal (common nasal meatus) Nasopalatine a. "Y"-shaped canal Nasopalatine n. (of Scarpa) (from V/2 n.) Pterygopalatine fossa Greater palatine n. (from V/2 n.) or greater pterygopalatine/ sphenopalatine canal Descending palatine a. (ends with ) Lesser (from V/2 n.) Lesser palatine canals (end with ) () ; Inferior alveolar a., v., n. starts with the incisive canal of the mandibule goes further in the untill the incisive teeth

Tympanic cavity (or middle ) From where (to where) Contents Musculotubarian canal External base of the skull

a)

b) a) (Semi)canal of a) Tensor tympani muscle b) (Semi)canal of the auditory tube b) Auditory (Eustachian) tube Caroticotympanic canaliculi Caroticotympanic Caroticotympanic plexus (sympathetic nerves) Canaliculus of Chorda tympani (from VII. n.) In the it opens with the tympanic aperture (from its 3rd, descending part) Post. tympanic a. of the canaliculus of chorda tympani Stapedius canaliculus Facial canal Stapedius n. (from VII. n.) (from its 3rd, descending part) Tympanic canaliculus Fossula petrosa Tympanic n. (from IX. n.) (external base of the skull) Inf. tympanic a. Canal of the lesser petrosal Middle Lesser petrosal n. (from IX. n.) (opens on the anterior aspect of the pyramid) Sup. tympanic a. Mastoid air cells -- ventillation Opens with aditus to antrum (Fenestra vestibuli) (Fenestra cochleae) Inner ear

2 Connections of the skull Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer Revised by: dr. György Somogyi Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005

Orbit From where (to where) Contents Aditus orbitae face (scala media) Optic n. (II. n.) Ophtalmic a. Superior orbital Middle cranial fossa Oculomotor n. (III. n.) Trochlear n. (IV. n.), Ophtalmic n. (V/1 n.) Abducens n. (VI. n.) Superior ophtalmic I. (postero-medial part) Pterygopalatine fossa I.: Infraorbital n., zygomatic n. (from. n. V/2) Inferior ophtalmic vein

II. (antero-lateral part) II.: Infraorbital a., v. Nasolacrimal canal Inferior nasal meatus Nasolacrimal duct Anterior ethmoidal canal (scala anterior), Anterior ethmoidal a., v., n. or orbito-cranial canal above cribriform plate (starts with anterior ethmoidal foramen) Posterior ethmoidal canal Posterior ethmoidal air cells, Posterior ethmoidal a., v., n. or orbito-ethmoidal canal sphenoid sinus (starts with posterior ethmoidal foramen) Face, fossa canina Infraorbital a., v., n. Frontal notch Supraorbital region (forehead) Frontal n. (= medial branch of supraorbital n.) Supraorbital region (forehead) Supraorbital n. (= lateral branch of supraorbital n.) Zygomatic canal "Y"-shaped canal, starts in the orbit with - (face) - Zygomaticofacial branch (from zygomatic n.) zygomaticoorbital foramen; zygomatic n. (from V/2 n.) - Zygomaticotemporal foramen - Zygomaticotemporal branch (from zygomatic n.) branches in it ()

3 Connections of the skull Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer Revised by: dr. György Somogyi Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005

Internal base of the skull 1) Anterior cranial fossa (scala anterior) From where (to where) Contents Cribriform plate Nasal cavity (common nasal meatus) Olfactory nerves (I. n.) and foramina Anterior ethmoidal a. and n. Foramen cecum (connection to the nasal cavity in the embryonic period) (emissary vein of foramen cecum)

2) Middle cranial fossa (scala media) Optic canal Orbit Optic n. (II. n.) Ophtalmic a. Orbit Oculomotor n. (III. n.) Trochlear n. (IV. n.) Ophtalmic n. (V/1 n.) Abducens n. (VI. n.) Superior ophtalmic vein Pterygopalatine fossa Maxillary n. (V/2 n.) External base of the skull Mandibular n. (V/3 n.) External base of the skull Middle meningeal a. (main of the ) Meningeal branch of Foramen lacerum External base of the skull Greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.) - filled with cartilage (sphenopetrous synchondrosis) Lesser petrosal n. (from IX. n.) Carotid canal External base of the skull Internal carotid a. Internal carotid plexus (sympathetic nerves) Hiatus for the canal of the Facial canal (geniculum) Greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.) (opens on the anterior aspect of the pyramid) Hiatus for the canal of the lesser petrosal nerve Tympanic cavity Lesser petrosal n. (from IX. n.) (opens on the anterior aspect of the pyramid) Sup. tympanic a. Petrosquamous fissure External base of the skull (infratemporal fossa) - Shenopetrous fissure External base of the skull (Sphenopetrous synchondrosis)

4 Connections of the skull Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer Revised by: dr. György Somogyi Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005

3) (scala posterior) From where (to where) Contents Vertebral canal Spinal cord / medulla border Vertebral arteries Ant. spinal artery (1), posterior spinal arteries (2) Spinal root of accessory n. (XI. n.) Internal vertebral venous plexus Internal acoustic meatus Ends with base or of internal acoustic Facial n. (VII. n.) Starts with internal acoustic pore (porus) meatus: Vestibulocochlear n. (VIII. n.) (of Scarpa) 1) 3) Labyrinthine a., v.

2) 4)

4 quadrant: 1) facial area (beginning of facial canal!) 1) Facial n. (VII. n.) 2) cochlear area (spiral foraminous tract) 2) Cochlear n. (from VIII. n.) 3) superior vestibular area 3) Utriculoampullary n. (from VIII. n.) 4) inferior vestibular area 4) Saccular n. (from VIII. n.)

+ foramen singulare + Post. ampullary n. (from VIII. n.) External base of the skull ("8"-shaped opening) a) pars nervosa a) Glossopharyngeal n. (IX. n.) a) Vagus n. (X. n.) b) Accessory n. (XI. n.) Post. meningeal a. b) pars venosa b) Internal External base of the skull Hypoglossal n. (n. XII.) External base of the skull Condylar (occipital) emissary vein Aquaeductus of vestibule Inner ear, vestibule Peri- and endolymphatic communication Opens with the aperture of aquaeductus of vestibule on () the posterior surface of the pyramid Outer aspect of the skull Mastoid emissary vein Petrooccipital fissure External base of the skull (Petrooccipital synchondrosis)

5 Connections of the skull Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer Revised by: dr. György Somogyi Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005

External base of the skull From where (to where) Contents Jugular foramen Posterior cranial fossa ("8"-shaped opening) a) pars nervosa a) Glossopharyngeal n. (IX. n.) a) Vagus n. (X. n.) b) Accessory n. (XI. n.) Post. meningeal a. b) pars venosa b) Hypoglossal canal Posterior cranial fossa Hypoglossal n. (XII. n.) Condylar canal Posterior cranial fossa Condylar (occipital) emissary vein Foramen ovale Middle cranial fossa Mandibular n. (V/3 n.) Foramen spinosum Middle cranial fossa Middle meningeal a. (main artery of the dura mater) Meningeal branch of mandibular nerve Foramen lacerum Middle cranial fossa Greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.) - filled with cartilage Lesser petrosal n. (from IX. n.) Carotid canal Middle cranial fossa Internal carotid a. Internal carotid plexus (sympathetic nerves) the end of facial canal Facial n. (VII. n.) Stylomastoid a. (of Vidius) Pterygopalatine fossa Nerve of the pterygoid canal: - greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.) - deep petrosal n. (sympathetic) Artery of the pterygoid canal Cochlear canaliculus Inner ear Perilymphatic connection opens on the inferior aspect of pyramid with the external aperture Tympanic canaliculus Tympanic cavity Tympanic n. (from IX. n.) starts from fossula petrosa Inf. tympanic a. Musculotubarian canal Tympanic cavity a) (Semi)canal for the tensor tympani muscle a) Tensor tympani muscle b) (Semi)canal for the auditory tube b) Auditory (Eustachian) tube Mastoid canaliculus Tympanomastoid fissure Auricular branch of vagus n. (from X. n.) starts from Sphenopetrous fissure Middle cranial fossa (Sphenopetrous synchondrosis) Petrooccipital fissure Posterior cranial fossa (Petrooccipital synchondrosis)

6 Connections of the skull Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer Revised by: dr. György Somogyi Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005

Pterygopalatine fossa (or sphenopalatine fossa) From where (to where) Contents Pterygoid canal (of Vidius) External base of the skull Nerve of the pterygoid canal: - greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.) - deep petrosal n. (sympathetic) Artery of the pterygoid canal Greater palatine canal Oral cavity Greater palatine n. (from V/2 n.) (opens with greater palatine foramen) Descending palatine a.

Lesser palatine canals Lesser palatine nerves (from V/2 n.) (open with lesser palatine foramina) Inferior orbital fissure I. (postero-medial part) Orbit Infraorbital n., zygomatic n. (from V/2 n.) Inferior ophtalmic vein. Infratemporal fossa Posterior superior alveolar nerves (from V/2 n.) Maxillary a. Foramen rotundum Middle cranial fossa Maxillary n. (V/2 n.) Sphenopalatine foramen Nasal cavity (common nasal meatus) Superior posterior nasal nerves (from V/2 n.) or pterygopalatine foramen Sphenopalatine a.

Infratemporal fossa From where (to where) Contents Pterygomaxillary fisure Pterygopalatine fossa Posterior superior alveolar nerves (from V/2 n.) Maxillary a. Inferior orbital fissure II. (anterior, lateral part) Orbit Infraorbital a., v. Foramen ovale Middle cranial fossa Mandibular n. (V/3 n.) Foramen spinosum Middle cranial fossa Middle meningeal a. (main artery of the dura mater) Meningeal branch of mandibular n. (of Glaser) Tympanic cavity Chorda tympani (from VII. n.) Ant. tympanic a. Ant. malleolar ligament Alveolar foramina Leads to the upper teeth through the alveolar Posterior superior alveolar arteries and nerves (from V/2 n.) canals of Petrosquamous fissure Middle cranial fossa -

7 Connections of the skull Made by: dr. Károly Altdorfer Revised by: dr. György Somogyi Semmelweis University Medical School - Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Budapest, 2002-2005

Facial canal (Fallopian canal): Beginning: in antero-superior quadrant of the base of the internal acoustic meatus. End: stylomastoid foramen. Facial canal has 3 different parts. There are 3 canals arising from the facial canal: Canal for the greater petrosal nerve Opens on the anterior aspect of the pyramid Greater petrosal n. (from VII. n.) Starts from the geniculum of the facial canal with its own hiatus Stapedius canaliculus Tympanic cavity Stapedius n. (from VII. n.) Starts from the 3rd, descending part of the facial canal Canaliculus of chorda tympani Tympanic cavity Chorda tympani (from VII. n.) Starts also from the 3rd, descending part of the facial canal Post. tympanic a.

Other openings (emissaries, diploe) Mastoid foramen (found on the temporal , above mastoid process) Mastoid emissary vein (found on ) Parietal emissary vein Condylar canal (found on ) Condylar (occipital) emissary vein

Diploic canals -diploe- Diploic (frontal, temporal, occipital)

P P C S S C C C H O F D Q E R F N L M D H K H D H G J I F D E E D

Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology ` T ^ _ V ] a d f j [ e i Z Y X W c U b g \ h h Head: Prof. Csillag András Postal address: 1450 Budapest, Pf. 95 Tel.: (36-1-) 459-1500 / 3600, Fax.: (36-1-) 215-5158 http://www.ana.sote.hu

8