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International Cooperation Plan for Environmental Management for the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Paccha Parish

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International Cooperation Plan for Environmental Management for the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Paccha Parish UNIVERSITY OF AZUAY Faculty of Law School of International Studies Graduation work prior to obtaining the degree in International Studies, Bilingual mention in Foreign Trade International Cooperation Plan for environmental management for the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Paccha Parish. Authors: Jonnathan Coronel Tenesaca María Isabel Luppi Ramón Director: Dr. Ana María Bustos Cuenca, Ecuador 2020 DEDICATION I dedicate this work to all the people that have been part of my formation and growth as a person and as a professional; to the people that have been part of this phase of my life. To my parents, grandparents, and brothers, for the unconditional love and support they have always given me. To my closest friends, Sofía, Mateo, Marissa y Edgar, for their friendship, constant support and for making college one of the most memorable stages of my life. Jonnathan Coronel Tenesaca 2 DEDICATION This degree work is dedicated to the people that have helped me the most during this process. Especially my mom for being the one who was pending all the process. To Payu who became my guide and has been an essential part for my spiritual and personal growth and for understanding me in my difficult moments. To Tati for enduring all my moments of bad temper and despair during the preparation of this thesis and knowing how to guide me to make this happen. And last but not least, Marinés for being a person who helps me through difficult times to overcome the potholes that arose along the way. María Isabel Luppi 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I want to express my gratitude to my parents for the support they have always given me, for the trust, patience and love I receive from them. To the Universidad del Azuay, for being the pillar of my professional formation, and to Dr. Ana María Bustos for the opportunity of participating in this project and the support and the patience that she always gave us. And to the DAG of Paccha Parish, for opening their doors for us, and providing us with the necessary help for the elaboration of this degree work. Jonnathan Coronel Tenesaca 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I want to thank my mom for being a fundamental pillar throughout this journey, for supporting me to change my career and making it worth the journey. For all the teachings and values that she taught me to get where I am now. Thanks to my grandma. I have learned to be patient and value the time that life gives us. And to her advice that has been of great importance in my day today. I want to thank my teachers who during my university life offered me not only their knowledge but also their support when necessary. And a special thanks to Dr. Ana María Bustos, who had all the patience to carry out this degree work. María Isabel Luppi 5 Table of Contents ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................................... 10 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 11 CHAPTER I .......................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 THEORIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION .............................................................................................................. 13 1.1.1 Realism .................................................................................................................. 14 1.1.2 Liberalism ............................................................................................................. 14 1.1.3 Marxism ................................................................................................................. 15 1.2 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION..................................................................... 15 1.2.1 TYPES OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION .................................................. 17 1.3 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR DEVELOPMENT ........................... 21 1.3.1 Concept of development ........................................................................................ 21 1.3.2 Sustainable development ....................................................................................... 23 1.3.3 International Cooperation for development .......................................................... 23 1.3.4 International cooperation for development challenges ......................................... 24 1.3.5 Actors .................................................................................................................... 24 1.4 NATIONAL REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ............................................................................................................ 25 1.4.1 Constitution of Ecuador ........................................................................................ 25 1.4.2 General Code of Territorial Organization, Autonomy and Decentralization ....... 26 1.4.3 General Code of Planning and Public Finance .................................................... 26 1.4.4 Executive Decree No. 1202 - Reorganize the International Cooperation System . 27 1.4.5 Resolution No. 0009-CNC-2011............................................................................ 27 1.4.6 National Development Plan 2017-2021 ................................................................ 28 1.5 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION FOR THE ENVIRONMENT .................. 29 1.6 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT .................................................................. 30 1.6.1 NATIONAL REGULATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ............... 34 1.6.1.1 Constitution of Ecuador ................................................................................. 34 1.6.1.2 General Code on Territorial Organization, Autonomies and Decentralization35 1.6.1.3 General Code of the Environment .................................................................. 36 1.6.1.4 Municipal ordinances ..................................................................................... 37 1.6.1.5 National Development Plan 2017-2021 ......................................................... 38 1.6.2 INTERNATIONAL REGULATIONS...................................................................... 39 1.6.2.1 Stockholm Declaration ................................................................................... 39 1.6.2.2 Rio de Janeiro Declaration ............................................................................. 40 6 1.6.2.3 Agenda 21 ...................................................................................................... 40 1.6.2.4 Convention on Biological Diversity ............................................................... 40 1.6.2.5 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ......................... 41 1.6.2.6 Sustainable Development Goals ..................................................................... 42 CHAPTER II ........................................................................................................................ 42 2.1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 42 2.2 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA ........................................................................................ 43 2.2.1 Biodiversity............................................................................................................ 44 2.2.2 Water System ......................................................................................................... 45 2.2.3 Potentialities.......................................................................................................... 45 2.3 RISKS .......................................................................................................................... 46 2.3.1 Geologic factors .................................................................................................... 47 2.3.2 Hydrological – environmental factors .................................................................. 47 2.3.3 Very high risk areas .............................................................................................. 48 2.3.4 High risk areas ...................................................................................................... 48 2.3.5 Medium and low risk areas ................................................................................... 48 2.3.6 Considerations ...................................................................................................... 49 2.4 SOCIECONOMIC DATA ......................................................................................... 49 2.4.1 Demographic indicators ........................................................................................ 50 2.4.1.1 Potentialities ................................................................................................... 51 2.4.2 Economic Activities ............................................................................................... 51 2.4.2.1 Potentialities ................................................................................................... 52 2.4.3 Housing and Basic Services .................................................................................. 53 2.5 POLITICAL – ADMINISTRATIVE SITUATION OF THE PARISH DAG OF PACCHA ........................................................................................................................... 53 2.5.1 Paccha DAG Commissions ..................................................................................
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