IJRBAT, Special Issue (2), Vol-V, July 2017 ISSN No. 2347-517X (Online)

Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Sinensis Lamk. (Gondani)

Kothale K.V. and Wankhade M.R. Departme nt of Botany, Govt. Vidarbha Institute of Science & Humanities, Amravati. (M.S.) , [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The present investigation includes the preliminary phytochemical screening ofmedicinally and economically important plantCordia sinensis Lamk. from the family . The is commonly known as “Gondani”. It is small tree its bark, leaves and fruits are used in Ayurvedic medicine.The wood is use d as fuel and in the manufacture of agricultural implements. Whole plant is used in cut and injury; leaves used in treatment of he patitis, fruits are edible. Roots are used against fever, skin diseases leprosy etc. Plant extracts were prepared in various organic solvents according to polarity i.e. petroleum e ther, chloroform and water. The phytochemical screening was carried out and resulting into the presence of important bioactive compounds responsible for the healing various ailments’’ Keywords- Phytochemical, Boraginaceae,bioactive compounds.

Introduction elliptic or ob-lanceolate, glabrous with longer The use of as medicine has a long hairs in ne rve axils and along the midrib. Flower history in the treatme nt of various diseases. The sweet, scented, calyx glabrous, fruit yellow and medicinal plant is de fined as any plant, which one orange mucilaginous and edible seed usually one. or more of its content contain substance that can Fruit used as snacks, pickled. The bark is used be used for treatment of numerous diseases or as for covering local huts. The fiber obtained from precursors for synthesis of useful drugs. The use the inne r bark is for making ropes, caulking of traditional medicine is wide spread throughout boats. the world. The term traditional medicine is Material and methods interchangeably used with herbal medicine and The plant material was collected from different natural medicine ( Hazan and Atta, 2005). The regions of Vidarbha. The morphological use of plant to heal or combat illne ss is probably characters regarding the vegetation and floral as old as human kind. For thousands of years parts of plants were studied. The plant material people from all corne rs of the globe have used was collected for identification and classification he rbs and plants to cure and prevent diseases. standard floras we re referred. Benthe m and Many medicinal plants are found to be useful for Hooker system of classification were used (Hooker wound healing in the traditional system of 1876, Cook 1967, Naik 1998, Dhore 2002, medicine ( V.K. Verma et al. 2012). N.P.Singh, P. Lakshminara Simhan S, Brorginaceae plants are frequently Karthikeyan and P.V. Prasanna 2001). he rbaceous and, the character of the hairs is due Morphology of different parts of plant was to cystoliths of silicon dioxide and calcium observed and mentioned the character from the carbonate . Cordia is flowe ring plant in family literature several uses of plant parts and che mical Boroginaceae . It is ve ry diverse and medicinally compone nts prese nt in them are also mentioned. and economically important. The uses of Cordia Phytochemistry collection and processing species were highlighted in traditional literature The plant material was collected from Vidarbha of Ayrveda materia medica. These plants serve as during Jan to May, 2015 The plant were identified a rich source of phytoconstituents. In traditional and authenticated at department of botany medicine Cordia species has long been used for Government Vidarbha Institute of Scie nces and astringe nt, anti-inflammatory, Humanities, Amravati. The plant material was antimalerial, anthelmintic, diuretic, febrifuge, washed and shade dried. It was coarsely appetite, cough, suppressant and to treat urinary powdered with the help of mixture grinde r and infections, lungs diseases and leprosy. In the stored in zip lock polythene bags at 30- 320 C tropics the species cordia sinensis. Lam is small stored in a plastic containe rs, tree growing in India. It is known as gundi, gondi Powder used for photoche mical studies. Detection in hindi, gondhani in marathi. The fruit pulp has of bioactive compounds was done by standard antidiarrhoeal, astringent and antiseptic prescribed methods (Horborne 1973; Sadashivan activitie s. The plant possesses antidote activity; and Manikarm 2005; Thimmaiya 1999). the leaf paste is applied on wound and useful in Responses to various test we re denoted by +, ++, inflammation of legs (B.G. Vaidya 1965). The and +++ indicating weak, moderate and strong plant is small, deciduous tree 5-8 cm height, response respectively. young stem ridged, and young bark pale, branched glabrous, leaves light green oblong

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IJRBAT, Special Issue (2), Vol-V, July 2017 ISSN No. 2347-517X (Online)

Observation Table - I Photochemical tests of stem extracts of Cordia sinensisLamk. Sr.No. Constituents Chemical Test Extract Pe troleum Chloroform Water ether 1 Alkaloids Drage ndroff’s Reagent - - ++ Mayer’s Reagent - - - Wagne rs reagent - - - 2 Carbohydrates & Fehling’s Reagent - - ++ Glycosides 3 Steroids Salkowski Reagent - + - Liebe rmann- Burchard’s - + ++ reagent 4 Saponins Foam test - - +++ 5 Tannins Gelatin test - - - Fe rric Chloride test - - - 6 Iridiods Trim- Hill reagent - - ++ 7 Anthraquione test - - - 8 Leuco - - - anthocyanin test 9 Juglone test - ++ - 10 Flavonoids Shinoda test - + ++ Flavanonls test - - - Flavonols test - - - Flavones and flavanols - - - Rao and sheshadri test - - +

Observation Table - II Photochemical tests of Leaf extracts of Cordia sinensisLamk. Sr.No. Constituents Chemical Test Extract Pe troleum Chloroform Water ether 1 Alkaloids Drage ndroff’s Reagent - - ++ Mayer’s Reagent - - - Wagne rs reagent - - - 2 Carbohydrates & Fehling’s Reagent - - ++ Glycosides 3 Steroids Salkowski Reagent - + - Liebe rmann- Burchard’s - + ++ reagent 4 Saponins Foam test - - +++ 5 Tannins Gelatin test - - - Fe rric Chloride test - - - 6 Iridiods Trim- Hill reagent - - ++ 7 Anthraquione test - - - 8 Leuco - - - anthocyanin test 9 Juglone test - ++ - 10 Flavonoids Shinoda test - + ++ Flavanonls test - - - Flavonols test - - - Flavones and flavanols - - - Rao and sheshadri test - - +

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IJRBAT, Special Issue (2), Vol-V, July 2017 ISSN No. 2347-517X (Online)

Discussion and Conclusion tree species, Ph.D. Thesis, Photochemical scree ning of plant 1986pub.Amravati Unive rsity. extracts provides information about the Ghori, V. P., et al., (2011) Pharmacognostic study photochemical constitutes present in various of leaves of Cordia rothii, Pharmacognosy plant parts. Phytochemical tests were carried out Journal, Vol-3, Issue , pp.(35-38) in the laboratory and screened out various Harborne J. B., (1998) Phytoche mical me thod, A metabolites from the plant. The curative guide to mode rn technique of plant properties of medicinal plants are perhaps due to analysis, chapman and Hill , London, 98. the presence of various secondary me tabolites Hazan A. G., Atta R.,(2005) Trends in such as saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, Ethanopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol, glycosides, sterols, triterpenes etc. may be useful 100:43-49. in the detection of the bioactive compounds and Hoyam Osman Ahmed, et al., 2012. may be he lpful in drug discovery. Preliminary Morphological and anatomical studies of Photochemical screening of bark extracts were Cordia abyssinicaand Cordia sinensis done and recorded various secondary me tabolites (Boraginaceae ) in , Journal of from bark ( Ali Abdella Eltaye ib et al. 2015). The Chemical and Pharmaceutical Re search, qualitative tests for all the three extracts had 4(10):4582-4588. shown the presence of various metabolites in Kirtikar, K. R .and Basu, B. D. (1935) Indian stem and leaf extracts as mentioned in the Medicinal Plants, Edition II, Vol-3, Orie nt observation table –I and II. In the stem recorded enterprises, pp.(1675-1681). presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, Krishnaiah, D. et al., 2007. Phytoche mical saponins, tannins, iridoids, leucoanthocyanin, antioxidants for health and medicine – A juglone and flavonoids . Anthraquinone are move towards nature, Mol. Biol. Re v, absent. 1(4):097. Preliminary Photochemical screening of Naik V. N., (1998),Flora of Marathwada, Vol-I bark extracts were done and recorded various ,Amrut Prakashan, Aurangabad, pp.(573- secondary metabolites from leaf extracts (Zala 577). Arvindbhai Hajabhai et al. 2012). In the leaf Nawal AI-Musaye ib, et al., 2011. Antioxidant, extracts recorded presence of alkaloids, anti-glycation and anti-inflammatory carbohydrates, steroids, saponins, iridoids, activities of phenolic constituents from juglone, flavonoids. Anthraquinone, leuco- Cordia sinensis, Molecules, 16, 10214- anthocyanin, tannins are absent. In all the three 10226. solvent extracts it is seen that response in aqueous extract is excellent. These findings may Sadashivan S. and Manickam A. (2005), be useful to the researchers as stepping stone in Biochemical Me thods. 2nd Edn.., New Age orde r to gain the advanced knowledge in the International (P) Ltd., Publishe r, New Delhi. subject. Singh, N. P., et al., (2001) ,Flora of Maharashtra References- State, Dicotyledons , Vol.-II, Botanical Ali Abdella Eltaye ib and Wejdan Ishag (2015), Survey of India, Calcutta, pp. (416-420). Photoche mical screening, antimicrobial , Thimmaiah S.R. (1999), Standard Methods of antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities of Biochemical analysis, Kalyani publishe rs bark, s crude extracts of Cordia sinensis, New Delhi. Advancement in Medicinal plant research Vaidya, B. G. (1965) Nighantuadarsha ,Vol.3(,2)PP.39-45, (Uttarardh), Swami Atmanand Sarswati Be nthem and Hooker, (1862-1883), Genera Ayurvedic Phamacy Ltd, Surat, II Edn, 724. Plantarum, London,3Vols. zala A. H., et al., ,Pharmacognostical and Cooke- (1958), The flora of the presidency of phytochemical scree ning of cordia rothii Bombay, Vol. I-II, London reprinted edition, ,Roem & Schult. International Journal of B.S.I. Calcutta. pp. (263-269). Pharma bio Sciences, 3(4) ; pp.(830-837). Dhore M.A. (2002), The Flora of Amravati district with special reference to the distribution of

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