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Particularităţile Demografice Sociale ASOCIAŢIA MOLDOVENEASCĂ DE ŞTIINŢĂ POLITICĂ UNIVERSITATEA DE STAT DIN MOLDOVA UNIVERSITATEA DE STUDII POLITICE ŞI ECONOMICE EUROPENE “CONSTANTIN STERE” MOLDOSCOPIE (PROBLEME DE ANALIZĂ POLITICĂ) Nr.3 (LVIII), 2012 REVISTĂ ŞTIINŢIFICĂ TRIMESTRIALĂ CHIŞINĂU – 2012 2 MOLDOSCOPIE, 2012, nr.3 (LVIII) MOLDOSCOPIE (Probleme de analiză politică). – nr.3 (LVIII), 2012. - Chişinău: USM, USPEE, AMSP, 2012. – 199 p. COLEGIUL DE REDACŢIE: prof. Valeriu Moşneaga (redactor-şef); prof. Victor Saca (redactor-şef adjunct) dr. Rodica Rusu (secretar); prof. Gheorghe Avornic; conf. Vasile Cujbă; prof. Vladimir Gutorov (Rusia); prof. Cristian Haerpfer (Regatul Unit); prof. Anatoliy Kruglaşov (Ucraina); prof. Constantin Marin; prof. Victor Moraru; prof. Joao Peixoto (Portugalia); prof. Serghey Reşetnikov (Belarus); prof. Adrian Pop (România); prof. Gheorghe Rusnac; conf. Aurel Sâmboteanu; prof. Constantin Solomon; prof. Georg Sootla (Estonia) conf. Vasile Tabară (România); prof. Valentina Teosa Ideile şi opiniile expuse în materialele prezentate aparţin autorilor şi nu reflectă neapărat punctul de vedere al colegiului de redacţie Articolele apar în redacţia autorilor, sunt recenzate versiunea electronică: http://www.usm.md/?mode=437 ISSN 1812-2566 © AMSP, 2012 MOLDOSCOPIE, 2012, nr.3 (LVIII) 3 S U M A R Compartimentul GUVERNAREA POLITICĂ 7 ŞI ADMINISTRAREA PUBLICĂ Guznac V. Modalităţile şi cerinţele controlului administrativ 7 Compartimentul SOCIOLOGIA POLITICĂ 20 Аникин В. Картелизация политических партий: благо 20 или зло для Молдовы? Budurina- Aspecte conceptuale ale termenului de societate 33 Goreacii C. civilă în contextul relaţiei “societatea civilă – sta- tul” Ciobu E. Identitatea naţional-statală în activitatea instituţi- 42 ilor publice ale Republicii Moldova: influenţe ex- terne Lazariuc C. Copiii migranţilor: cauza emigrării şi / sau motiva- 51 ţia reîntoarcerii Mosneaga V., Migraţia de muncă în Spania din Europa de Est: 72 Iatco M., fluxurile şi căile de imigrare Rusnac Gh. Poalelungi O. Particularităţi de integrare a copiilor imigranţilor 96 moldoveni în societatea gazdă. Cazul Federaţia Rusă Solomon C., Alegerile parlamentare din Republica Moldova şi 106 Pirosca A. din România Цвятков Н. Советская «перестройка» глазами молдавс- 129 ких президентов Yurchuk Yu. New media and commemoration: The case of 137 post-soviet Ukraine. Compartimentul RELAŢII INTERNAŢIONALE 152 Caldare Gh., Republica Moldova – ONU: 20 de ani de colabora- 152 Velicico S. re 4 MOLDOSCOPIE, 2012, nr.3 (LVIII) Chimerciuc N. Premisele de formare a diplomaţiei economice 163 moderne Juc V., Asigurarea securităţii naţionale a Republicii Mol- 169 Ungureanu V. dova în contextul integrării europene Mosneaga E. Nuclear trafficking in Moldova: causes and possi- 187 ble solutions MOLDOSCOPIE, 2012, nr.3 (LVIII) 5 SUMMARY CHAPTER: POLITICAL GOVERNING 7 AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Guznac V. The modalities and requirements of the 7 administrative control CHAPTER: POLITICAL SOCIOLOGY 20 Аникин В. Political parties’ cartelization: good or evil for 20 Moldova? Budurina- Conceptual aspects of the civil society in the context 33 Goreacii C. of the relationship "civil society-State" Ciobu E. National identity in the activity of State public insti- 42 tutions of the Republic of Moldova: external influ- ences Lazariuc C. The children of the moldovan migrants: the cause of 51 the migration or / and the motivation of the return migration Mosneaga V., The labor migration in Spain from the Eastern 72 Iatco M., Europe: immigration flows and paths Rusnac Gh. Poalelungi O. Features of the integration of Moldovan immigrants 96 children into recipient society Solomon C., Parliamentary elections in Moldova and Romania 106 Pirosca A. Цвятков Н. The Soviet „perestroika”through the eyes of Moldo- 129 van Presidents Yurchuk Yu. New media and commemoration: The case of post- 137 soviet Ukraine. CHAPTER: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 152 Caldare Gh., Republic of Moldova – U.N.: 20 years of collabora- 152 Velicico S. tion 6 MOLDOSCOPIE, 2012, nr.3 (LVIII) Chimerciuc N. Prerequisites for the formation of modern econo- 163 mic diplomacy Juc V., The ensuring of the national security of the Repub- 169 Ungureanu V. lic of Moldova in the context of European integra- tion Mosneaga E. Nuclear trafficking in Moldova: causes and possible 187 solutions MOLDOSCOPIE, 2012, nr.3 (LVIII) 7 COMPARTIMENTUL GUVERNAREA POLITICĂ SI ADMINISTRAREA PUBLICĂ MODALITĂŢILE ŞI CERINŢELE CONTROLULUI ADMINISTRATIV Valentin GUZNAC Republica Moldova, Chişinău, Academia de Administrare Publică de pe lingă Preşedintele Republicii Moldova Doctorand Analysis of local public administration in Republic of Moldova reveals a system of self-organized local authorities, called to ensure proper management of public affairs of local administrative units, with no direct state involvement in their activity. As divers are the forms of activity of local public administration and own or delegated economic and social domains they manage, equally divers are the control forms of LPA, enrolled in the general forms of government control. In- dividualization derives from the position and role of local government in the state, especially in intermediate position between the legislative power, the exe- cutive one and the population whose needs they have to meet, mediating general interest, private and local, through public services and other techniques that are available. Administrative control is the form of control exercised over LPA by a seri- es of ways and requests, which is the subject of this paper. Analiza administraţiei publice locale in Republica Moldova scoate in evi- denta un sistem de autorităţi locale organizate autonom, care sunt chemate sa asigure buna gestionare a treburilor publice locale in unităţile administrativ-teri- toriale, fără a fi posibilă implicarea directă a statului in activitatea acestora. Precum sunt diverse formele de activitate ale administraţiei publice locale şi domeniile economice şi sociale proprii sau delegate pe care le administrează, tot atât de diverse sunt şi formele de control al activităţii administraţiei publice locale, ele înscriindu-se in gama formelor de control al administraţiei publice in genere. Individualizarea lor deriva din poziţionarea şi rolul administraţiei publi- ce locale in cadrul statului, in special din poziţia sa intermediară intre autorităţi- le puterii legislative, ale celei executive şi populaţie ale căror nevoi trebuie sa le satisfacă, mijlocind interese generale, particulare şi locale, prin intermediul ser- viciilor publice şi altor tehnici pe care le au la dispoziţie. 8 MOLDOSCOPIE, 2012, nr.3 (LVIII) Controlul administrativ este o forma de control care se exercita asupra ad- ministraţiei publice locale prin mai multe modalităţi si cerinţe, ceea ce face cu predilecţie obiectul de studiu al prezentei lucrări. Abordând subiectul modalităţilor de control, trebuie avute în vedere mai multe aspecte [1, 457]. In raport cu momentul când este efectuată acţiunea de control, aceasta poate interveni înainte ca activitatea supusă controlului să înce- apă să se desfăşoare. In acest caz, ne aflăm în prezenţa unui control prealabil sau anterior. Controlul prealabil are un caracter preventiv, întrucât prin el se urmăreşte să se preîntâmpine apariţia efectelor negative ale activităţii controlate, apariţia de ilegalităţi. Or, în general, este mai bine să se evite producerea unor deficien- ţe, decât să se acţioneze după apariţia lor pentru remedierea neregularităţilor. Aceasta este latura pozitivă a controlului preventiv. Dar, controlul prealabil prezintă şi un dezavantaj în sensul că el îngreunea- ză într-o oarecare măsură adoptarea deciziilor, desfăşurarea activităţii controla- te, întrucât aceasta nu poate începe decât după ce s-a efectuat verificarea şi s-a constatat că nu sunt încălcate dispoziţiile legale în vigoare. Verificarea însă ne- cesită un anumit timp, ceea ce provoacă întârzieri în acţiunile administraţiei, fapt ce poate afecta calitatea activităţii administraţiei de stat, care în multe situa- ţii trebuie să intervină de îndată în rezolvarea unor probleme. În pofida dezavantajului menţionat, credem că este indicat să se folosească cât mai frecvent cu putinţă controlul prealabil, deoarece este mai uşor să previi decât să corectezi o defecţiune deja apărută, dar cu condiţia ca acţiunea de cont- rol să se desfăşoare într-un timp cât mai scurt, fără însă ca, prin aceasta, să fie afectate exigenţa şi temeinicia controlului. Controlul se poate exercita chiar pe parcursul desfăşurării activităţii contro- late. Acesta este controlul concomitent sau operativ curent. O asemenea modali- tate de control se practică, în general, destul de rar, deoarece este dificilă efectu- area verificării chiar în timpul desfăşurării operaţiei supusă controlului. Apreci- erea se referă la situaţia în care controlul este exercitat de o persoană aflată în afara activităţii controlate. În cazul însă al controlului ierarhic general, înfăptuit de şeful ierarhic asupra subalternilor, mai cu seamă, în cazul autocontrolului, controlul concomitent, după părerea noastră, ar trebui să constituie modalitatea de control generală, aplicată în permanenţă, cu toată exigenţa şi responsabilita- tea. Autocontrolul mai prezintă avantajul că simplifică activitatea de control, co- ntribuind, totodată, la obţinerea de economii în organizarea acesteia, întrucât un autocontrol competent, conştiincios şi obiectiv elimină necesitatea efectuării al- tor acţiuni de control. Efectuarea controlului după desfăşurarea activităţii controlate poartă denu- mirea
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