Pictura: Aurelian: 4 Pdf, Epub, Ebook

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Pictura: Aurelian: 4 Pdf, Epub, Ebook PICTURA: AURELIAN: 4 PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Ian Andrew | 16 pages | 01 Oct 2013 | Templar Publishing | 9781848779129 | English | Surrey, United Kingdom Pictura: Aurelian: 4 PDF Book There was nothing she wouldn't have done for him, but just then there wasn't really much that she could do for him Harry sighed and looked down at a very distraught looking toddler. This comes out on my birthday!!! Hermione hadn't moved. She looked at him, and down at herself, and cast a quick cleaning spell over them which removed the ash from Aurelian's freshly laundered pale green robes. He could not understand what was happening, but his mother's hidden terror radiated off of her and caused him distress. I've been waiting here for over half an hour! The woman looked on him sadly and tried her hardest to keep her composure. He watched for them to appear; she expected them to come, to follow them, but at the moment all that could be seen were a single set of footprints in the snow. Pen and Sword. This article is about the Roman emperor. Miranda Christie marked it as to-read Oct 22, Concern and Uncertainty Reacquainted or Acquainted at Last Daddy 6. Meanwhile, a devastating plague swept through the Balkans, killing many soldiers in both armies. Harry I've-" Harry nodded, looking sympathetic. The determined Goths killed many of the oncoming infantry and were only prevented from slaughtering them all when Aurelian finally charged in with his Dalmatian cavalry. Aurelian pointed excitedly at the memos that hovered over their heads. Chasing a Memory 8. Close Working I'm stuck in this either way? The mint of Rome was closed temporarily, and the institution of several other mints caused the main mint of the empire to lose its hegemony. The land all around was dark and quiet but for the sound of an owl in the distance. Aurelian won this campaign largely through diplomacy; the "Gallic Emperor" Tetricus was willing to abandon his throne and allow Gaul and Britain to return to the Empire, but could not openly submit to Aurelian. The western provinces, those facing the limes of the Rhine , seceded to form a third, autonomous state within the territories of the Roman Empire, which is now known as the Gallic Empire. Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, while underlining indicates a usurper. Marching through Raetia and the Alps unhindered, they entered northern Italy and began pillaging the area. Kristie marked it as to-read Jun 03, A loud clink sounded from behind the desk and the man handed Hermione a shiny gold badge that read 'Aurelian, Department of Magical Law Enforcement'. Laura marked it as to-read Oct 04, The woman looked down at the small quivering child in her arms, his frightened eyes and light brown hair shining in the moonlight, and held him closer. Foiled Plots Let's Not Be Brash Who would question you? For book recs and updates, follow her on instagram: rosariamunda Rosaria Munda grew up in rural North Carolina, where she climbed trees, read Harry Potter fanfiction, and taught herself Latin. Hermione came completely out of her daze to scold him over her shoulder. To create our list, However, he decided to abandon the province of Dacia , on the exposed north bank of the Danube, as too difficult and expensive to defend. I'll send the papers you need and the correct papers from our department to explain to your superior that you are needed here," Harry said finally. You get your own special badge for today. Quintillus Roman Emperor On his way, the Emperor suppressed a revolt in Gaul—possibly against Faustinus, an officer or usurper of Tetricus—and defeated barbarian marauders in Vindelicia Germany. For book recs and updates, follow her on instagram: rosariamunda Bella added it Sep 27, He can support Annie and the other Guardians. Pictura: Aurelian: 4 Writer To celebrate these victories, Aurelian was granted the title of Germanicus Maximus. Feb 19, Bridget Tyler rated it it was amazing Shelves: fantasy. This time, Aurelian allowed his soldiers to sack the city, and Palmyra never recovered. However, the menace of the Germanic people and a Germanic invasion was still perceived by the Romans as likely, so Aurelian resolved to build a new system of walls around Rome that became known as the Aurelian Walls. Aurelian, being an experienced commander, was aware of the importance of the army, and his propaganda, known through his coinage, shows he wanted the support of the legions. Aurelian intercepted the Goths with his Dalmatian cavalry and defeated them in a series of minor skirmishes, killing as many as three thousand of the enemy. This rebellion also had the support of some senators, probably those who had supported the election of Quintillus , and thus had something to fear from Aurelian. He can support Annie and the other Guardians. For the rest of year, Aurelian harassed the enemy with his Dalmatian cavalry. More so, I'm sure! The rationalis Felicissimus , a senior public financial official whose responsibilities included supervision of the mint at Rome, revolted against Aurelian. Other sources do not cite Aurelian among those who conspired against Gallienus, though different sources have claimed that he was the one who called Gallienus out of his tent under a proposed "conspiracy" at the point Gallienus was stabbed. A secretary of Aurelian called Eros by Zosimus had told a lie on a minor issue. A small smile tugged at the corner of Hermione's mouth. Books Harry Potter. Harry simply nodded. A fierce wind whistled over the chimney and a small draft from it whisked the cool ashes into a spiral. Full name Lucius Domitius Aurelianus. Peterson Paperback 4. Harry sat beside the tot and left Hermione with no choice but to sit next to Malfoy. The Goths still managed to escape and continued their march through Thrace. Reacquainted or Acquainted at Last Uppy, Daddy! The rich province of Egypt was also recovered by Aurelian. You sit here while we pull some things together. Farewell, Home Sweet Home In Rome, the Emperor was occupied with internal menaces to his power and with the defense of Italia and the Balkans. Moreover, the Western half of the Empire would survive another two hundred years, while the East would last another millennium, and for that Aurelian must be allowed much of the credit. The Cult of Sol Invictus. Annie is Callipolis's new Firstrider, and while her goal has always been to protect the people, being the government's enforcer has turned her into public enemy number one. Flavius Postumius Quietus Junius Veldumnianus. He designated Aurelian the Legate of the Third Legion. Two years after the war, a young stranger pays a visit to the burrow. Harry and Hermione watched him plop moodily into one of the chairs through the narrow window in the door. She held the outer ring and started to spin it. This title was first assumed by Aurelian in late summer of , and had been carried previously by both Valerian and Gallienus. Harry and Hermione walked through the Atrium at Aurelian's hurried pace, which was still slower than they normally would. Because of where you stand in the case, I'm willing to extend an invitation to you to join the investigation and help us at peer level. Anastasia Antony marked it as to-read Jun 15, Pictura: Aurelian: 4 Reviews Consul of the Roman Empire — with Capitolinus Marcellinus Community Reviews. Fighting for Position Apollonius implored: "Aurelian, if you desire to rule, abstain from the blood of the innocent! However, it seems that this pleasant extrapolation of dubious facts is now generally accepted as being no more than just that. His arrival alone is baffling, but the news he brings of an upcoming war turns the world upside down. The author would like to thank you for your continued support. The Brucheion Royal Quarter in Alexandria was burned to the ground. What does this price mean? Miranda Christie marked it as to-read Oct 22, You're going to be alright. Daddy 6. Within six months, his armies stood at the gates of Palmyra, which surrendered when Zenobia tried to flee to the Sassanid Empire. Oh my stars; so good. Concern and Uncertainty It was only with my testimony and assistance that you were able to lock away half the people you did. Good Sense Takes Leave Be the first to write a review. Meanwhile, a devastating plague swept through the Balkans, killing many soldiers in both armies. He lost some of his anger at Hermione's fervid protests. This is the price excluding postage and handling fees a seller has provided at which the same item, or one that is nearly identical to it, is being offered for sale or has been offered for sale in the recent past. She stumbled forward over a chair leg that had caught on her cloak, but managed to right herself. Aurelian pointed excitedly at the memos that hovered over their heads. Harry simply nodded. Claudia Vargas rated it it was amazing Sep 18, The small boy clung to his mother, bouncing uncomfortably in her arms, and dared not make another noise. The author would like to thank you for your continued support. Aurelian is an important part of our investigation. She was out of time. The western provinces, those facing the limes of the Rhine , seceded to form a third, autonomous state within the territories of the Roman Empire, which is now known as the Gallic Empire. The existence of Ulpius Crinitus has been doubted by many historians.
Recommended publications
  • WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP of the GODS COULD SAVE the ROMAN EMPIRE from CHAOS a Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of
    WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP OF THE GODS COULD SAVE THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CHAOS A Thesis Presented to the faculty of the Department of Humanities and Religious Studies California State University, Sacramento Submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in Humanities by Alejandra Meléndez-Silva SPRING 2020 WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP OF THE GODS COULD SAVE THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CHAOS A Thesis by Alejandra Meléndez-Silva Approved by: _________________________________, Committee Chair Dr. Jeffrey Brodd _________________________________, Second Reader Dr. Bradley Nystrom __________________ Date ii Student: Alejandra Meléndez-Silva I certify that this student has met the requirements for format contained in the University format manual, and this thesis is suitable for electronic submission to the library and credit is to be awarded for the thesis. ___________________________, Graduate Coordinator _____________________ Dr. Harvey Stark Date Department of Humanities and Religious Studies iii Abstract of WHY JULIAN BELIEVED CORRECT WORSHIP OF THE GODS COULD SAVE THE ROMAN EMPIRE FROM CHAOS by Alejandra Meléndez-Silva The Roman emperor Julian is famously remembered for being Rome’s last pagan emperor and he has been vilified for his dislike of Christianity. Sufficient analysis of Julian’s own perspective reveals a complex individual who does not conform with the simplified caricature of Julian “the Apostate” who was focused on assailing Christianity. His aversion to the Christians was mainly motivated by the fact that they refused to participate in the state cult. This thesis will explore the relationship between properly honoring the gods and state health, its origins, and why it was essential to sacrifice to the gods.
    [Show full text]
  • People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: the Evidence from Egypt
    People, Plagues, and Prices in the Roman World: The Evidence from Egypt KYLE HARPER The papyri of Roman Egypt provide some of the most important quantifiable data from a first-millennium economy. This paper builds a new dataset of wheat prices, land prices, rents, and wages over the entire period of Roman control in Egypt. Movements in both nominal and real prices over these centuries suggest periods of intensive and extensive economic growth as well as contraction. Across a timeframe that covers several severe mortality shocks, demographic changes appear to be an important, but by no means the only, force behind changes in factor prices. his article creates and analyzes a time series of wheat and factor Tprices for Egypt from AD 1 to the Muslim conquest, ~AD 641. From the time the territory was annexed by Octavian in 30 BCE until it was permanently taken around AD 641, Egypt was an important part of the Roman Empire. Famously, it supplied grain for the populations of Rome and later Constantinople, but more broadly it was integrated into the culture, society, and economy of the Roman Mediterranean. While every province of the sprawling Roman Empire was distinctive, recent work stresses that Egypt was not peculiar (Bagnall 1993; Rathbone 2007). Neither its Pharaonic legacy, nor the geography of the Nile valley, make it unrepresentative of the Roman world. In one crucial sense, however, Roman Egypt is truly unique: the rich- ness of its surviving documentation. Because of the valley’s arid climate, tens of thousands of papyri, covering the entire spectrum of public and private documents, survive from the Roman period (Bagnall 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 4 the CHURCH in the THIRD CENTURY Roman
    The Early Church Christopher K. Lensch, S.T.M. Western Reformed Seminary (www.wrs.edu) CHAPTER 4 THE CHURCH IN THE THIRD CENTURY Roman emperors in the first half of the century Severi dynasty 1. Septimius Severus (193-211) [already discussed under second century] renewed persecution in AD 200: Leonidas (Origen’s father) beheaded Potamiaena (young girl) boiled in oil Petpetua and baby burned; her slave Felicitas killed also died on campaign in Britain 2. Caracalla (211-217) brutal and cruel; murdered family members, including brother Geta; favored the army; built baths; extended Roman citizenship to all, in order to tax all; dropped persecution in middle of reign; was assassinated by his army on a Parthian campaign 3. Macrinus (217-218) prefect of the guard; removed by Caracalla’s cousin and his family 4. Heliogabalus (218-222) cousin of Caracalla, controlled by his mother Soaemias and grandmother Maesa (Caracalla’s aunt); real name was Elagabalus; Latin authors name Heliogabalus 14-year old priest of Syrian sun god; brought Syrian “Baal” (conical black stone) to Rome; unbelievable sexual depravity; grandmother convinced him to adopt cousin Alexander; slain by Guard 5. Alexander Severus (222-235) 4.1 14 years old; well trained and prepared; ruled by mother; temperate and modest, opposite of Heliogabalus; private chapel icons: Jupiter, Orpheus, Apollonius, Abraham, Christ; *put golden rule in house and many public buildings; very efficient administrator, lowered taxes; weak against Germans, bribed them; assassinated in tent by army, under Maximinus Anarchy; army control 6. Maximinus (235-238) huge soldier (they say 8 feet tall); hated culture and education; never entered Rome; confiscated property of upper classes; murdered by soldiers he punished 7.
    [Show full text]
  • The Top-Ranking Towns in the Balkan and Pannonian Provinces of the Roman Empire Najpomembnejša Antična Mesta Balkanskih Provinc in Obeh Panonij
    Arheološki vestnik 71, 2020, 193–215; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3986/AV.71.05 193 The top-ranking towns in the Balkan and Pannonian provinces of the Roman Empire Najpomembnejša antična mesta balkanskih provinc in obeh Panonij Damjan DONEV Izvleček Rimska mesta balkanskih in podonavskih provinc so bila doslej le redko del raziskav širših mestnih mrež. Namen prispevka je prepoznati glavne značilnosti mestnih sistemov in na podlagi najpomembnejših mest provincialne mestne hierarhije poiskati njihovo vpetost v ekonomijo provinc v času severske dinastije. Avtor se osredotoča na primerjavo veli- kosti prvorazrednih mest z ostalimi naselbinami, upošteva pa tudi njihovo lego in kmetijsko bogastvo zaledja. Ugotavlja, da moramo obravnavano območje glede na ekonomske vire razumeti kot obrobje rimskega imperija. Glavna bogastva obravnavanih provinc so bili namreč les, volna, ruda in delovna sila, kar se jasno izraža tudi v osnovnih geografskih parametrih prvorazrednih mest: v njihovi relativno skromni velikosti, obrobni legi in vojaški naravi. Ključne besede: Balkanski polotok; Donava; principat; urbanizacija; urbani sistemi Abstract The Roman towns of the Balkan and Danube provinces have rarely been studied as parts of wider urban networks. This paper attempts to identify the principle features of these urban systems and their implications for the economy of the provinces at the time of the Severan dynasty, through the prism of the top-ranking towns in the provincial urban hierarchies. The focus will be on the size of the first-ranking settlements in relation to the size of the lower-ranking towns, their location and the agricultural riches of their hinterlands. One of the main conclusions of this study is that, from an economic perspective, the region under study was a peripheral part of the Roman Empire.
    [Show full text]
  • LEG(Io) X GEM(Ina): Hispanic Legionary Countermarks During the Reign of Vitellius
    LEG(io) X GEM(ina): Hispanic Legionary Countermarks during the Reign of Vitellius. Appendix: eagle (head) and boar types LEG(io) X GEM(ina): contramarcas legionarias hispánicas del reinado de Vitelio. Apéndice: tipos águila (cabeza) y jabalí Rodolfo Martini ([email protected]) Gabinetto Numismatico e Medagliere. Milano Resumen: La relectura de dos contramarcas imperiales romanas, conservadas en el Museo Arqueológico Nacional de Madrid (figs. 4-5), nos permite precisar y actualizar lo que se conoce sobre los tipos relacionados con la Legio X Gemina en el área hispanica: dos de ellos (B-C) ya están recogidos por la bibliografía, pero interpretados de forma incompleta y no relacionados entre sí; además, un nuevo ejemplar del tipo B (fig. 3) confirma el uso de la grafía arcaica cursiva para la letra E, en la forma de II, y hace que los dos tipos B-C sean únicos para las costumbres epigráficas de las contramarcas imperiales romanas. Los tres tipos (A-C) están atestiguados en las acuñaciones romanas imperiales de bronce de la ceca de Tarraco, sestercios de Claudio (A-B) y ases de Vitelio (C); su producción se sitúa aproximadamente a mediados del año 69 d. C., en el momento del traslado de la Legio X Gemina hacia la Germania Inferior para participar en la guerra contra los bátavos. Su acuñación fue reducida tanto por el corto período como por el volumen producido, y a este respecto parece probable que se utilizase un solo cuño para cada uno de los tres tipos. Las relaciones entre los tres grupos de contramarcas sobre monedas de bronce imperiales nos permiten también investigar desde un punto de vista diferente la producción y la circulación de una de las contramarcas romanas más comunes en el área hispánica, presente sobre las monedas de bronce locales de Augusto y Tiberio, la cabeza de águila; su tipología se discute brevemente junto a la contramarca jabalí por sus estrechas relaciones con el entorno legionario y el contexto histórico y social de la época de las guerras civiles.
    [Show full text]
  • Rome, Inc. Campaign Game Replay 27 BCE Scenario
    Rome, Inc. Campaign Game Replay Caesar. Quiet turn, relatively speaking. Only one Barbarian leader arrives and with no matching War just sits in his With the rules for Rome, Inc. pretty much complete, I figured homeland. Money is low, so I don’t purchase new units, and I’d do a replay of the four-scenario campaign game. The keep my legions and Auxilia in place to put down empire starts out with Augustus as Caesar, and his friend insurgencies. I pick up Paulinus, who has a high military Agrippa as Consul. Only one War is on the map, an 8/1 (8 ability of 4. Paulinus takes over Hispania, but he can only land strength, 1 naval strength) Cantabrian War in Hispania. muster a -1 advantage over the War that had kicked Numerous provinces across the empire are in insurgency Claudius’ ass, and I don’t want to risk a repeat (negative die status, but legions and auxilia are stacked up against some roll modifiers benefit the player). of them, using the stick approach to make the provinces Turn 3 (9-1 BCE) loyal. As the game moves along, more barbarian wars and leaders will appear along the frontier, and statesmen will More Inflation, leaving the Treasury with just 12 Gold, and show up, some welcome, others not. Let the games begin! Plague. Legions have two levels – ordinary legions with one shield icon on its counter, and veteran legions with two shield icons on their reverse. The Plague Event flips one veteran in each command to its ordinary side, halving their 27 BCE Scenario strength, though they can be promoted back to veteran later, usually in a Triumph.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SUCIDAVA TYPE of BUCKLES and the RELATIONS BETWEEN the LATE ROMAN EMPIRE and the BARBARIANS in the 6Th CENTURY
    THE SUCIDAVA TYPE OF BUCKLES AND THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE LATE ROMAN EMPIRE AND THE BARBARIANS IN THE 6th CENTURY , by ALEXANDRU MADGEARU Joachim Wemer gave the name of this type of buckles because several pieces have been found at Celei- Sucidava when he published its paper (in 1955)1 . These buckles have a sheld-shaped plate and are adomed by pierced work with cruciform or crescent motifs or with a human stylized face. Joachim Wemer established their dating in second half of the 6th century. Dezso Csallâny wrote, few years after, a study on these buckles, focused especially on the pieces with human face2 . The number of buckles increased very much during the last three decades. Dan Gh. Teodor 3 and Syna Uenze 4 made two typologies in 1991 and 1992. In 1992 Valentin Varsik also published a study about several types of buckles including Sucidava, but he did not proposed a typology3. In the same year the buckles found in the Lower Danubian area were put together into a repertory by Uwe Fiedler 6. The typologies drawn up by S. Uenze and Dan Gh. Teodor are very important for the study of these objects, but we consider possibie a more accurate classification. We remind here that S. Uenze classified the Sucidava buckles into five types: a) - with a simple cruciform decor; , ■ , b) - a cross with all the arms rounded; • c) - a cross with the down arm rounded; d) - with tangent circles; e) - with a human stylized face. The classification made by D. Gh. Teodor is based on the same criterion of the ornament, but is more coherent: a) - without ornament; • b) - with a simple cross; c) - wiţh a cross and a crescent; .
    [Show full text]
  • The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia's Threat to the Roman Empire
    The Catalyst for Warfare: Dacia’s Threat to the Roman Empire ______________________________________ ALEXANDRU MARTALOGU The Roman Republic and Empire survived for centuries despite imminent threats from the various peoples at the frontiers of their territory. Warfare, plundering, settlements and other diplomatic agreements were common throughout the Roman world. Contemporary scholars have given in-depth analyses of some wars and conflicts. Many, however, remain poorly analyzed given the scarce selection of period documents and subsequent inquiry. The Dacian conflicts are one such example. These emerged under the rule of Domitian1 and were ended by Trajan2. Several issues require clarification prior to discussing this topic. The few sources available on Domitian’s reign describe the emperor in hostile terms.3 They depict him as a negative figure. By contrast, the rule of Trajan, during which the Roman Empire reached its peak, is one of the least documented reigns of a major emperor. The primary sources necessary to analyze the Dacian wars include Cassius Dio’s Roman History, Jordanes’ Getica and a few other brief mentions by several ancient authors, including Pliny the Younger and Eutropius. Pliny is the only author contemporary to the wars. The others inherited an already existing opinion about the battles and emperors. It is no surprise that scholars continue to disagree on various issues concerning the Dacian conflicts, including the causes behind Domitian’s and Trajan’s individual decisions to attack Dacia. This study will explore various possible causes behind the Dacian Wars. A variety of reasons lead some to believe that the Romans felt threatened by the Dacians.
    [Show full text]
  • Around Moesia Oliver, James H Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1965; 6, 1; Proquest Pg
    Athens and Roman Problems around Moesia Oliver, James H Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies; Spring 1965; 6, 1; ProQuest pg. 51 Athens and Roman Problems around Moesia James H. Oliver HEN M. Licinius Crassus, who on July 4,27 B.C. was to cele­ W brate a triumph ex Thracia et Geteis, won his victory as proconsul of Macedonia and received the acclamation im­ perator from his troops, his friends gave him the honor for a while. The Athenians erected a monument on the Acropolis with the inscription (IG 112 4118): o ofj/Lo~ Mf1PKoV ALK{VVLOV MapKov vwv"K' paaaov. av'0' V1TaTOV Kat\, aVTOKpaTopa. I apET7JS:) .... ;VEKEV K[aJl Evvo{as When he reached Rome, Crassus received his triumph but was refused the right to claim spolia opima or the acclamation imperator, which was now reserved for the princeps (Dio 51.25.2). The question of the acclamation seldom arose again for anyone except an emperor or his heir, though in A.D. 22 Tiberius allowed the pro­ consul of Africa to be acclaimed. So the Athenian inscription is peculiar in this. On the other hand, the Athenians did not need to indicate that Crassus was proconsul of Macedonia because as proconsul of Mace­ donia, he was their local governor. The term of M. Licinius Crassus antedated the separation of Achaia from Macedonia in 27 B.C. The separation began with the appointment of his successor, and there­ after the title av8v1TCtTos in an Athenian inscription usually (but not always) meant the proconsul of Achaia unless specifically differen­ tiated.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Legions: a Page of the Roman Numismatic Gallery (
    Roman Legions: A Page of the Roman Numismatic Gallery (www.romancoins.info) Legion Caesar Augustus Tiberius Claudius Nero Vespasian Domitian Trajan Hadrian M. Aurel SepSev 300 AD I Adiutrix . Misenium 68 Mogontiacum Mogontiacu Brigetio 97 Brigetio Brigetio Brigetio Brigetio Galba 69/70 m 85 Dacia Camp (Otho) Sirmium 89 Parthia Bodriacum ? bis 97 Camp 114-6 I Augusta Hispania Col Agrippi Bonna Bonna 69/70 Germanica Gallia 19 BC - 16 Col Agrippina (Germanicus 9 AD - Bonna 16 - I Italica 66 Gallia Novae 69 Novae Novae Novae Novae Novae Novae Cisalp Dcia Camp 68 Lugdunum (Vitellius) I Minerva Bonna 82 Moesien Bonna Bonna -161 Bonna Bonna Dacia Camp Orient 161- Bonna 105 166 Bonna 167- I Parthica Singara (Mesopotam) II Adiutrix 69 Ravenna Deva Dacia Aquincum Aquincum Aquincum Aquincum Noviomagus -86/88 101-106 70 Singidunum Aquincum Orient 161- Lindum (Brit) 87-89 106 166 70/71-78 Aquincum 89 II Augusta 43 BC 17 Britannia 43 Glevum Glevum Isca Isca Isca Isca Isca Isca CVibius Pansa Argentorate (Vespasianus) (Gloucester) -75 (Caerleon) (Caerleon) (Caerleon) (Caerleon) (Caerleon) (Caerleon) 30 BC (Germanicus 67- 75 - Hispania T 9AD Rhein II Italica Aquilea 165 Lauriacum Lauriacum Locica 170-2 Albing 172-2 Lauriacum 205 II Parthica 197 Alba 202 Alba (Rom) Parther (Caracalla) II Traiana 105 125 Nicopolis Nicopolis Nicopolis Laodicea Nicopolis Legion Caesar Augustus Tiberius Claudius Nero Vespasian Domitian Trajan Hadrian M. Aurel SepSev 300 AD 114-116 (Aegypten) Parther 117 Judea (Ägypten) III Augusta 43 BC Ammaedra Ammaedra Ammaedra Ammaedra
    [Show full text]
  • Timacum Minus in Moesia Superior—Centrality and Urbanism at a Roman Mining Settlement
    land Article Timacum Minus in Moesia Superior—Centrality and Urbanism at a Roman Mining Settlement Lina Diers Institute for Classical Archaeology, University of Vienna, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1, 1190 Vienna, Austria; [email protected] Received: 16 September 2018; Accepted: 19 October 2018; Published: 22 October 2018 Abstract: When applying traditional criteria of Roman urbanism, several settlements in the province of Moesia are not recognised as parts of the urban network. To avoid this, previous criteria of urbanism should be revised. This paper suggests revisions, which provide a more inclusive definition of urbanism: Thus, instead of focusing on administrative status and monumentality as primary markers of urbanity and urbanization, development factors for agglomeration and centrality are emphasized as decisive conditions for, and characteristics of, urban settlement. To provide a case study for this theoretical outline, the upper-Moesian mining settlement of Timacum Minus is evaluated by ideas derived from a critical appreciation of Walter Christaller’s central place theory. Timacum Minus did not have official settlement status and monumental character, yet, it developed as a central place in the unique landscape of the Timok valley. This was due to its location as a central road station, military post, and settlement along the important interregional Timok valley road as well as the site hierarchy as the base of the centralized administration of the Timok valley mining district. Hence, Timacum Minus displays different levels of centrality. Interestingly, the site only held these properties during the Roman Principate, although its central location and mining activities also existed in pre-Roman and post-Roman times.
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability and ‘The Fall of the Western Roman Empire’: Grain, Labor Markets, and Military Policies
    Sustainability and ‘The Fall of the Western Roman Empire’: Grain, Labor Markets, and Military Policies Master’s Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Graduate Program in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Dr. Cheryl Walker, Advisor In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies by Hunter M. Bruno May 2018 Copyright by Hunter Bruno © 2018 ABSTRACT Sustainability and ‘The Fall of the Western Roman Empire’: Grain, Labor Markets, and Military Policies A thesis presented to the Graduate Program in Ancient Greek and Roman Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Hunter M. Bruno The issue of societal sustainability is relevant to both modern and ancient civilizations. Ancient Rome was defined and influenced by the issue of sustainability because it was integral to the fundamental structure of the Roman society. In the 5th Century CE, the fall of the Western Roman Empire took place because of consequences that resulted from the issue of sustainability. The societal factors of grain production, military policy, and labor markets all served to influence the sustainability of the Roman West. Roman military policy defined the nature of the Roman economy and established the type of labor system that it employed. Free and unfree labor markets structured the agrarian economy and formed the Roman system of internal taxation and rent collection. Local and commercial grain producers were relied upon to maintain the populations of the Roman West, uphold the Roman military, and sustain the growing servile populations.
    [Show full text]