DOCSLIB.ORG

Risk-Efficient Planting Schedules for Corn in Matalom, Leyte, Philippines

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Risk-Efficient Planting Schedules for Corn in Matalom, Leyte, Philippines Philippine Journal of Development Number 66, First Semester 2009 Volume XXXVI, No. 1 Risk-efficient Planting Schedules for Corn in Matalom, Leyte, Philippines remBerto a. PatindoL, Canesio d. Predo, 1 and rosaLina g. de guzman ABSTRACT The study was conducted to identify risk-efficient cropping schedules for corn farmers in Matalom, Leyte, Philippines using stochastic dominance analysis of simulated yields, given the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forecasts during the cropping period. Actual weather data, with missing observations estimated using a weather generating software, were used in constructing weather data sets. These data, together with crop parameters and soil characteristics in the study site, were used as inputs to generate probability distributions of yields during different planting schedules. The simulated yield distributions were classified according to the ENSO phases prevailing during the cropping period. Stochastic dominance analysis was applied on the yield distributions to determine the first-degree stochastic dominance (FSD) set and the second-degree stochastic dominance (SSD) set. Finally, stochastic dominance with respect to a function (SDWRF) was applied on the SSD set to identify risk-efficient schedules at different levels of risk aversion. 1 Remberto A. Patindol is from the Visayas State University, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines. Email for correspondence: [email protected]. Canesio D. Predo is from the College of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of the Philippines Los Baños but previously with the Visayas State University during the implementation of the ACIAR funded project “Bridging the gap between seasonal climate forecast and decisionmakers in agriculture.” Rosalina de Guzman is with the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration of the Department of Science and Technology, Quezon City, Philippines. 66 PhiliPPine Journal of DeveloPment 2009 Risk-efficient schedules were identified for each cropping season and under each ENSO phase. It was found out that some June-July schedules (during the first season) and some December schedules (during the second season) are more risk-efficient than traditional schedules. INTRODUCTION Importance of the study One of the most important decisions affecting crop production in rainfed areas is the timing of planting. In most cases, farmers follow traditional planting schedules under the assumption that the conditions during a particular planting period are repeated over the years. Thus, it would not be uncommon to observe farmers in a given locality, for example, to plant corn in the first week of May and repeat this schedule over the years. Risk can be defined in several ways. It may be defined as an expected loss in decision theory, or the probability of loss in some economic applications (Roumasset 1979). Risk can also be viewed in terms of the probability distributions of the outcomes of the action choices or strategies. A strategy may be considered less risky than another if it would be preferred by all risk-averse decisionmakers. Thus, a risk-efficient strategy can be viewed as one that will be preferred by all risk-averse decisionmakers of a particular class of risk aversion (Rothchild and Stiglitz 1970). A risk-efficient strategy can lead to an increase in the mean and/or a reduction in the dispersion about the mean (Pandey 2000). Based on the above definitions and descriptions of risk and risk efficiency, two basic requirements are necessary for risk-efficiency analysis, namely, the probability distribution of the outcomes of the strategies and the risk attitude of the decisionmakers. Recent developments in technology have led to availability of forecasts about El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases or episodes. The Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US- NOAA) is a principal measure for monitoring, assessing, and predicting ENSO (NOAA 2007). The ONI is based on sea surface temperature (SST) departures from the average in the Niño 3.4 region, and is defined as the three-month running-mean SST departures in the Niño 3.4 region. Departures are based on a set of improved homogeneous historical SST analyses (Extended Reconstructed SST—ERSST.v2). The NOAA operational definitions for El Niño and La Niña are as follows: El Niño: characterized by a positive ONI greater than or equal to +0.5°C. La Niña: characterized by a negative ONI less than or equal to -0.5°C. PatinDol, PreDo anD De guzman 67 To be classified as a full-fledged El Niño or La Niña episode, these thresholds must be exceeded for a period of at least five consecutive overlapping 3-month seasons. A lot of people, including farmers, are now paying attention to seasonal forecasts. A farmer can use such forecasts to avert possible damage or, at least, caution the impacts these ENSO episodes could bring on his crops. Eventually, he may select a planting schedule that would be risk-efficient or less risky, given the forecast. One approach that can be used in identifying risk-efficient planting schedules is stochastic dominance analysis. However, this method requires the probability distributions of the outcomes (such as yield) of the different strategies (planting schedules, in this paper). This would imply getting data for each planting schedule over several years. In the absence of actual yield data to be used in the probability distributions, one can generate the probability distributions using simulated yields for each strategy to be evaluated. The simulations can use actual or synthetic weather data that reflect the variability associated with the different ENSO episodes. Objectives of the study This study is an attempt to make use of historical weather data and information about past occurrences of the different ENSO episodes to see if these can be used in selecting cropping schedules that may be less affected by the occurrence of these episodes. Moreover, the study explores the application of the method of stochastic dominance on probability distributions of simulated yields in the choice of risk-efficient planting schedules. The study aims to identify risk-efficient cropping schedules for corn farmers in Matalom, Leyte, Philippines using stochastic dominance analysis of simulated yields given ENSO forecasts during the cropping period. Attitude towards risk In terms of attitude towards risk, a decisionmaker can be classified as risk-averse, risk-preferring, or risk-neutral. According to Fleisher (1990), a risk-averse decisionmaker will forego some possible gains to reduce the probability of losses, while a risk-preferring individual will select a strategy that offers some chance of high returns even if it faces the possibility of incurring low returns or losses. A risk-neutral decisionmaker will select a strategy that will maximize the expected value of the outcomes. 68 PhiliPPine Journal of DeveloPment 2009 Stochastic dominance analysis Several methods are available for risk analysis; among them are the expected utility model and the mean-variance analysis. The expected utility model selects the strategy that maximizes the expected utility of the random variable representing the outcome of the risky strategy or action. However, it requires complete specification of the decisionmaker’s utility function, which is a difficult task. The mean-variance analysis rests on the assumption of normality of the distribution of the outcomes (which few outcomes could satisfy) or a quadratic utility function, which is criticized for implying increasing absolute risk aversion beyond a certain level of wealth (Hanson and Ladd 1991). Stochastic dominance analysis is a nonparametric approach that makes comparisons among the cumulative probability distributions of the outcomes of the different strategies, under limited assumptions on the decisionmaker’s utility function. First-degree stochastic dominance assumes that the decisionmaker has a nondecreasing utility function (Hadar and Russel 1969) while second-degree stochastic dominance assumes a concave utility function (Hanoch and Levy 1969). The assumption of a nondecreasing utility function under FSD implies that the decisionmaker prefers “more” to “less,” while the assumption of a concave utility function implies that the decisionmaker is risk-averse. Thus, risk-efficient strategies in FSD sense will be preferred by those who prefer “more” to “less.” Risk-efficient strategies in SSD sense imply those that will be preferred by risk- averse decisionmakers. Another method, which has a more discriminating power than SSD is the stochastic dominance with respect to a function, proposed by Meyer (1977). The method introduces bounds on the absolute risk-aversion coefficient within an SSD analysis. In this sense, FSD can be considered a special case of SDWRF with bounds of –∞ and +∞. Similarly, SSD is a special case, with bounds, 0 and +∞. Values of the risk aversion coefficients (RAC) are typically categorized into low (0<RAC≤ 0.0001), moderate (0.0001<RAC≤ 0.001), and high (0.001<RAC≤ 0.01), as used in Lansigan et al. (1997) and Patindol (2001). Simulation of yield distributions One basic requirement in stochastic dominance analysis is the set of probability distributions of the outcomes of the different strategies. However, in general, no records of actual yields covering a reasonable length of time are available. Thus, the use of stochastic dominance analysis would not be possible. As a solution to this problem, simulation of the yield distributions covering
Load more

Recommended publications
  • EASTERN VISAYAS: SUMMARY of REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES (As of 24 Mar)
    EASTERN VISAYAS: SUMMARY OF REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES (as of 24 Mar) Map_OCHA_Region VIII_01_3W_REHAB_24032014_v1 BIRI PALAPAG LAVEZARES SAN JOSE ALLEN ROSARIO BOBON MONDRAGON LAOANG VICTORIA SAN CATARMAN ROQUE MAPANAS CAPUL SAN CATUBIG ANTONIO PAMBUJAN GAMAY N O R T H E R N S A M A R LAPINIG SAN SAN ISIDRO VICENTE LOPE DE VEGA LAS NAVAS SILVINO LOBOS JIPAPAD ARTECHE SAN POLICARPIO CALBAYOG CITY MATUGUINAO MASLOG ORAS SANTA GANDARA TAGAPUL-AN MARGARITA DOLORES SAN JOSE DE BUAN SAN JORGE CAN-AVID PAGSANGHAN MOTIONG ALMAGRO TARANGNAN SANTO PARANAS NI-O (WRIGHT) TAFT CITY OF JIABONG CATBALOGAN SULAT MARIPIPI W E S T E R N S A M A R B I L I R A N SAN JULIAN KAWAYAN SAN SEBASTIAN ZUMARRAGA HINABANGAN CULABA ALMERIA CALBIGA E A S T E R N S A M A R NAVAL DARAM CITY OF BORONGAN CAIBIRAN PINABACDAO BILIRAN TALALORA VILLAREAL CALUBIAN CABUCGAYAN SANTA RITA BALANGKAYAN MAYDOLONG SAN BABATNGON ISIDRO BASEY BARUGO LLORENTE LEYTE SAN HERNANI TABANGO MIGUEL CAPOOCAN ALANGALANG MARABUT BALANGIGA TACLOBAN GENERAL TUNGA VILLABA CITY MACARTHUR CARIGARA SALCEDO SANTA LAWAAN QUINAPONDAN MATAG-OB KANANGA JARO FE PALO TANAUAN PASTRANA ORMOC CITY GIPORLOS PALOMPON MERCEDES DAGAMI TABONTABON JULITA TOLOSA GUIUAN ISABEL MERIDA BURAUEN DULAG ALBUERA LA PAZ MAYORGA L E Y T E MACARTHUR JAVIER (BUGHO) CITY OF BAYBAY ABUYOG MAHAPLAG INOPACAN SILAGO HINDANG SOGOD Legend HINUNANGAN HILONGOS BONTOC Response activities LIBAGON Administrative limits HINUNDAYAN BATO per Municipality SAINT BERNARD ANAHAWAN Province boundary MATALOM SAN JUAN TOMAS (CABALIAN) OPPUS Municipality boundary MALITBOG S O U T H E R N L E Y T E Ongoing rehabilitation Ongoing MAASIN CITY activites LILOAN MACROHON PADRE BURGOS SAN 1-30 Planned FRANCISCO SAN 30-60 RICARDO LIMASAWA PINTUYAN 60-90 Data sources:OCHA,Clusters 0 325 K650 975 1,300 1,625 90-121 Kilometers EASTERN VISAYAS:SUMMARY OF REHABILITATION ACTIVITIES AS OF 24th Mar 2014 Early Food Sec.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Operation Timbang Plus Report Municipal Ranking Weight for Age: Underweight+Severely Underweight
    2018 OPERATION TIMBANG PLUS REPORT MUNICIPAL RANKING WEIGHT FOR AGE: UNDERWEIGHT+SEVERELY UNDERWEIGHT Rank Province Municipality Magnitude Prevalence 1 Northern Samar SILVINO LOBOS 224 23.4% 2 Western Samar SAN JOSE DE BUAN 178 22.4% 3 Western Samar TAGAPUL-AN 165 21.7% 4 Northern Samar MAPANAS 231 19.6% 5 Western Samar ALMAGRO 94 19.6% 6 Western Samar PINABACDAO 296 18.6% 7 Northern Samar SAN ROQUE 483 18.3% 8 Eastern Samar JIPAPAD 125 18.0% 9 Western Samar SAN SEBASTIAN 100 17.4% 10 Western Samar STO. NIǸO 171 17.2% 11 Western Samar MATUGINAO 144 17.1% 12 Western Samar GANDARA 396 17.0% 13 Western Samar MOTIONG 201 16.8% 14 Western Samar SAN JORGE 195 16.8% 15 Eastern Samar SAN JULIAN 192 16.4% 16 Northern Samar SAN VICENTE 82 16.3% 17 Western Samar VILLAREAL 403 16.3% 18 Leyte KANANGA 792 16.1% 19 Western Samar PAGSANGHAN 112 16.0% 20 Leyte LA PAZ 215 15.5% 21 Northern Samar MONDRAGON 553 15.3% 22 Northern Samar ROSARIO 171 15.2% 23 Leyte MATAG-OB 234 14.9% 24 Northern Samar LAVEZARES 407 14.7% 25 Western Samar CALBIGA 253 14.5% 26 Northern Samar LOPE DE VEGA 222 14.5% 27 Western Samar DARAM 614 14.3% 28 Western Samar BASEY 534 13.7% 29 Eastern Samar BALANGIGA 190 13.7% 30 Biliran BILIRAN 220 13.6% 31 Western Samar ZUMARRAGA 179 13.5% 32 Northern Samar BIRI 122 13.4% 33 Northern Samar PAMBUJAN 448 13.4% 34 Leyte BATO 457 13.4% 35 Leyte PALO 884 13.3% 36 Eastern Samar ORAS 387 13.1% 37 Northern Samar LAOANG 686 12.9% 38 Western Samar STA.
    [Show full text]
  • NPH, ERC Case No. 2015-187 RC
    ~ ..•...••• ,,'fG\l\.ATORy c: /~ 0«: I.}' ~J' !!~~,~nj'o".ed for ~ Republic of the Philippines . iLfj t",. \, ~:::.", . z, ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSloIN ! . '":~~ San Miguel Avenue, Pasig City \ r,.?,~h " IN THE MATTER OF THE "--., JOINT APPLICATION FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE POVVER SUPPLY AGREEMENT (PSA) ENTERED INTO BY AND BETVVEEN LEYTE IV ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE . INC., (LEYECO IV) AND FDC UTILITIES, INC. (FDCUI) WITH PRAYER FOR THE ISSUANCE OF PROVISIONAL AUTHORITY (PA) ERC CASE NO. 2015-187 RC LEYTE IV ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE INC., (LEYECO IV) AND FDC DOO,x,.1l'fl!ilil fJ&t". ~1:6 t 2 2016 UTILITIES, INC. (FDCUI) . ..._~._---=-0 R.,. ~.~- Applicants. x- - - - - - - -,- - - - - - - - - - - - -x NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING TO ALL INTERESTED PARTIES: Notice is hereby given that on 28 October 2015, Leyte IV Electric Cooperative, Inc.. (LEYECO IV) and FDC Utilities, Inc. (FDCUI) filed an Application for approval of their Power Sales Agreement (PSA), with prayer for provisional authority. In the said application, LEYECOIV and FDCUI alleged, among others, that: THE APPLICANTS 1. LEYECO IV was created pursuant to the provisions of the National Electrification Administration Act (RA 6038) as amended by Presidential Decree No. 269. Pursuant to this decree, LEYECO IV was incorporated and registered on November 7, 1977 'Yith ERC Case No. 2015-187 RC Notice of Public Hearing/u January 2016 Page 2 of 12 principal office at Lamak, Hilongos, Leyte. LEYECO IV serves the power requirements of the Municipalities of Inopacan, Baybay, Matalom, Hilongos, Hindang and Bato, all in the Province of Leyte. 2. FDCUI is a Corporation duly organized and existing under Philippine Laws, with principal office address at 30th Floor PBCom Tower, 6795 Ayala Avenue cor.
    [Show full text]
  • The Official Quarterly Newsletter of PSA Leyte
    The Official Quarterly Newsletter of PSA Leyte PSA Leyte conducts 2020 CPH amidst COVID-19 pandemic 2020 CPH Team of Sta. Fe, Leyte gets ready for enumeration Aimee M. Adona, HeadCAS ,and Joseph Cornejo, EN, interview a household Amidst the pandemic, the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Leyte Provincial Statistical Office conducted the 2020 Census of Population from September 1-30, 2020 pursuant to Batas Pambansa Blg. 72, Executive Order No. 32, and Republic Act 10625. A total of 2,371 hired fieldmen were deployed to 43 municipalities of Leyte to interview all households and institutional population to count all members and determine their respective demographics and socio-economic characteristics. Among the total manpower, 1, 914 were enumerators, 361 were team supervisors, 78 were Census Area Supervisors and 18 were regular staff of the Office which served as Head Census Area Supervisors. Prior to above enumeration period, 6-day trainings in all cities/municipalities were administered in order to fully equip the CPH Manpower with the right concepts and rules governing the conduct of the census. The trainings were conducted in strict adherence to the COVID-19 precautionary measures. to page 2 PSA Leyte starts Philippine ID System Implementation The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) Leyte Provincial Statistical Office started its implementation of the Philippine Identification System (Philsys) in July 2020 in coordination with 30 Local Government Units (LGU) in the province who served as pilot areas for said operation. These
    [Show full text]
  • Calubian Capoocan Carigara Dulag Hilongos Hindang Inopacan Is
    Item Indicators Abuyog Albuera Babatngon Barugo Bato Baybay (city) Calubian Capoocan Carigara Dulag Hilongos Hindang Inopacan Isabel Javier Leyte Macarthur Matag-ob Matalom Mayorga Merida Ormoc (city) Palo Palompon San Isidro San Miguel Tabango Tacloban (city) Tanauan Tolosa Villaba Tunga 1.1 M/C Fisheries Ordinance Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes N/A 1.2 Ordinance on MCS No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No N/A Yes No N/A Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No N/A 1.3a Allow Entry of CFV No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No Yes No No No No No No N/A No No No No No Yes No No No No No No No N/A 1.3b Existence of Ordinance Yes N/A Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No N/A Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes N/A 1.4a CRM Plan No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes No No N/A 1.4b ICM Plan No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No Yes No N/A Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No N/A 1.4c CWUP No No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No Yes No N/A No No N/A Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No No No No No No N/A 1.5 Water Delineation No No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No N/A No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No No N/A 1.6a Registration of fisherfolk Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes N/A 1.6b List of org/coop/NGOs Yes Yes
    [Show full text]
  • Agrarian Reform Communities Project II
    Environment and Social Safeguards Monitoring Report 2009 - 2017 Project Number: 37749-013 Loan 2465/Loan 8238(OFID) May 2019 Philippines: Agrarian Reform Communities Project II Prepared by ARCP II – NPCO for the Asian Development Bank This report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and neither the ADB nor the Government shall be held liable for its contents. ABBREVIATIONS/GLOSSARY ARC Agrarian Reform Communities ARC Clusters Agrarian Reform Community Clusters ARCP II Second Agrarian Reform Communities Project CNC Certificate of Non-Coverage CNO Certificate of Non-Overlap CP Certification Precondition DAR Department of Agrarian Reform ECC Environmental Clearance Certificate EMB Environmental Management Bureau GOP Government of the Philippines IP Indigenous Peoples LGU Local Government Unit NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NSAC National Subproject Approval Committee (composed of representatives (Assistant Secretary/Director level) from Department of Agriculture(DA)/National Irrigation Administration(NIA); NCIP, Department of Environment & Natural Resources (DENR)/Environment & Management Bureau (EMB); Department of Public Works & Highways (DPWH); Dept of Budget & Management (DBM) , Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG) ; Department of Finance (DOF)/Bureau of Local Government Funds(BLGF) and Municipal Development Funds Office (MDFO) and National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) NGALGU National Government Assistance to Local Government Unit PAPs Project Affected Persons RSAC Regional Subproject Approval Committee (composed of Regional representatives of the DAR, DA, DPWH, DENR, NCIP and NEDA) This environmental and social monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.
    [Show full text]
  • Untitled Spreadsheet
    Facility Name Health Facility Type Street Name and # Building name and # Province Name City/Municipality Name Barangay Name Facility Head: Last Name Facility Head: First Name Facility Head: MiddleFacility Name Head: Position ALMERIA RHU, TB DOTS AND BIRTHING FACILITY Rural Health Unit SITIO BASUD BILIRAN ALMERIA POBLACION GARCIA EVELYN N. Municipal Health Officer BILIRAN MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICE Rural Health Unit BILIRAN BILIRAN SAN ROQUE (POB.) BRIONES ELLENOR V Municipal Health Officer CABUCGAYAN MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICE Rural Health Unit BILIRAN CABUCGAYAN MAGBANGON (POB.) TAN JULIETA C. Municipal Health Officer CAIBIRAN RURAL HEALTH UNIT Rural Health Unit SANTIAGO STREET BILIRAN CAIBIRAN PALENGKE (POB.) PLAZA DIONESIO B. Municipal Health Officer CULABA MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICE LYING-IN AND EMERGENCY CLINIC Rural Health Unit BILIRAN CULABA MARVEL (POB.) PEDROSA ESTRELLA P. Municipal Health Officer KAWAYAN RHU TB DOTS AND BIRTHING FACILITY Rural Health Unit BILIRAN KAWAYAN POBLACION BALASBAS CHRISTINE S Municipal Health Officer MARIPIPI MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICE BIRTHING HOME Rural Health Unit BILIRAN MARIPIPI ERMITA (POBLACION SUR) LLEVER MARY GRACE R. Municipal Health Officer NAVAL MUNICIPAL HEALTH OFFICE AND BIRTHING HOME Rural Health Unit BILIRAN NAVAL (Capital) PADRE INOCENTES GARCIA (POB.) MONTEJO FERNANDO B. Municipal Health Officer ARTECHE RURAL HEALTH UNIT Rural Health Unit EASTERN SAMAR ARTECHE CENTRAL (POB.) DULFO BERNIZE Municipal Health Officer BALANGIGA RURAL HEALTH UNIT Rural Health Unit RIZAL STREET EASTERN SAMAR BALANGIGA BARANGAY POBLACION III ENCISO ROSARITA A. Municipal Health Officer BALANGKAYAN RURAL HEALTH UNIT Rural Health Unit ABOGADO STREET EASTERN SAMAR BALANGKAYAN POBLACION II LABRO MA. NELSIE L. Municipal Health Officer BORONGAN CITY HEALTH OFFICE I Rural Health Unit EASTERN SAMAR CITY OF BORONGAN (Capital) SONGCO SACMAR DAISY G.
    [Show full text]
  • 14 Scaling up Successful Agro
    Final Report: March 2001 - July 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary. 5 List of Acronyms 7 1. Introduction 9 2. Objectives 10 3. Project Sites Description 11 4. Evaluation of Project Accomplishments 14 4.1. Landcare as an institutional innovation: implementation and lessons learned 14 4.1.1. Project Partners 14 4.1.2. Landcare Activities 15 4.1.2.1. Adoption of soil and water conservation technology 17 4.1.2.2. Nursery establishment, seedling production and out-planting 26 4.1.2.3. Trainings, cross visits and workshops conducted 29 4.1.2.4. Landcare groups organized 33 4.1.3. Lessons learned 35 4.2. Identification and validation of profitable conservation farming practices 36 4.2.1. Documentation of Indigenous use of natural vegetative buffer strip 36 4.2.2. On-farm research to validate and refine low-cost natural vegetative strips on degraded calcareous hillsides 38 4.2.3. Improved NVS-based farming systems: mango trees on the contour strips 40 4.2.4. Soil fertility management on the alleys: maize - rice bean intercropping 42 4.2.5. Documentation of local knowledge on indigenous trees 44 4.2.6. ITS Data analysis and Database development 44 4.2.7. Planting System Assessment for Indigenous Tree study 45 4.2.8. Documentation of Local Ecological Knowledge on wood charcoal making 46 4.2.9. Assessment of coconut-based agroforestry systems 47 4.3. Information, Education and Communication support for technology diffusion 48 4.3.1. IEC for Farmers, LGUs, NGOs 50 4.3.2. IEC for Research 52 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Small-Scale Forestry Development in Leyte, Philippines
    SMALL-SCALE FORESTRY DEVELOPMENT IN LEYTE, THE PHILIPPINES: THE CENTRAL ROLE OF NURSERIES1 Nestor O. Gregorio, John L. Herbohn and Steve R. Harrison This paper presents results of survey research into the role of the forestry nursery sector in the development of smallholder forestry in Leyte, the Philippines. Seedling production in the province is basically carried out by three categories of nurseries: individual, communal and the government. Seedlings in the government nurseries are primarily raised for free distribution to landholders but the extension scheme fails to reach the majority of the smallholder farmers. Seedling demand of landholders is mostly catered for by the more numerous and accessible individual and communal nurseries. However, problems of capital outlay, sources and supply of germplasm, technical knowledge in nursery management for both timber and fruit trees and low sales are among the major impediments in the sustainability of small-scale nurseries. Most of the communal nurseries fail to sustain the operation after the withdrawal of supporting agencies. Knowledge of site-species matching is needed not only by small-scale nursery operators but also by the managers of government nurseries. It is concluded that the seedling industry in the province is not well established and there is a need to organise better the overall nursery system so as to improve the availability of seedlings and promote appropriate site and species combinations. INTRODUCTION For the past decade there has been an emerging interest in small-scale forestry in the Philippines. Government programs and policies on forest management have shifted from the traditional large-scale industrial forestry which was oriented towards timber products, to multiple product-based and people-oriented small-scale tree farming systems (Mangaoang 2002).
    [Show full text]
  • BALANCED-Philippines Project Overview and Year 2 Workplan October
    Building Actors and Leaders for Advancing Community Excellence in Development: The BALANCED Project BALANCED-Philippines Project Overview and Year 2 Workplan October 1, 2011 – December 31, 2012 This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development under the terms of Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-08-00002-00. The project is managed by the University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center in collaboration with PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc. and Conservational International. For more information contact: Linda Bruce, Project Director—[email protected] Ronald Quintana, Program Manager: [email protected] i Table of Contents ACRONYMS LIST ................................................................................................................ II INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 YEAR 2 WORKPLAN .......................................................................................................... 6 IR 1: IMPROVED ACCESS TO FP/RH SERVICES IN KEY BIOREGIONS ......................................... 6 1.1 Conduct training of trainers on PHE CBD and adult PE system ............................ 8 1.2 Recruit and train individuals to serve as CBD outlets and promote FP/PHE links .. 9 1.3 Develop or strengthen the system for supplying FP methods to CBD outlets ...... 10 1.4 Strengthen LGU, RHU staff and skills in FP/RH, PHE linkages, and CBD ......... 11 IR 2: INCREASED COMMUNITY AWARENESS
    [Show full text]
  • L;~!9 Ru~R·~·.··Hvj SECOND DIVISION ~L~~E: __ =·:·-- ~-- "3 :JV
    f Jt? l\epublic of tbe ~btlippineg SUPREME COURT er. T'rr rw 'r'''-:'". ~;/:::,,'.~,··: ~upreme QI:ourt 1/iaguio <1:itp I JUN 1'~L;~!9 ru~r·~·.··hvJ SECOND DIVISION ~l~~E: __ =·:·-- ~-- "3 :JV PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, G.R. No. 218209 Plaintiff-Appellee, Present: CARPIO, J., Chairperson, PERLAS-BERNABE,* - versus - CAGUIOA, J. REYES, JR., and LAZARO-JAVIER, JJ Promulgated: ROMEO ASENIERO, Accused-Appellant. JJn\\~[~,,!~]1, x------------------------------- DECISION CAGUIOA, J.: Before this Court is an appeal 1 filed under Section 13, Rule 124 of the Rules of Court from the assailed Decision2 dated October 30, 2014 (Decision) of the Court of Appeals, Nineteenth (19th) Division (CA), in CA­ G.R. CEB CR-HC No. 01422, which affirmed the Decision3 dated April 27, 2010 of the Regional Trial Court, Branch 18, Hilongos, Leyte (RTC), in Criminal Case No. H-1263, finding herein accused-appellant Romeo Aseniero (Romeo) guilty of the crime of Murder under Article 248 of the Revised Penal Code (RPC). The Facts Accused Romeo was charged for the crime of Murder under the following Information: "That on or about the 24th day of August 2003, in the Municipality of Bato, Province of Leyte, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused with deliberate intent to kill employing treachery and evident premeditation, did then and there On leave. See Notice of Appeal dated January 5, 2015, rollo, pp. 24-26. Rollo, pp. 4-23. Penned by Associate Justice Marilyn B. Lagura-Yap with Associate Justices Edgardo L. Delos Santos and Jhosep Y. Lopez, concurring.
    [Show full text]
  • Quartely Progress Report
    Building Actors and Leaders for Advancing Community Excellence in Development: The BALANCED - Philippines Project Quarterly Progress Report #3 For Period July 1 to September 30, 2011 November 15, 2011 This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development under the terms of Cooperative Agreement No. GPO-A-00-08-00002-00. The project is managed by the University of Rhode Island Coastal Resources Center in collaboration with PATH Foundation Philippines, Inc. For more information contact: Linda Bruce, Project Director—[email protected] Ronald Quintana, Program Manager: [email protected] ii I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. PROJECT RESULTS 2 IR 1: Improved access to family FP/RH services in key bioregions 5 1.1 Conduct training-of-trainers on PHE CBD and adult PE systems 5 1.2 Recruit and train individuals to serve as CBD outlets and promote FP and PHE linkages 7 1.3 Develop or strengthen system for supplying FP methods to CBD outlets 8 1.4 Strengthen LG,RHU staff and skills in FP/RH, PHE linkages, and CBD systems 9 Status of PMP results for IR1 10 IR1 Priorities for next period (October 1 to December 31, 2011) 11 IR2: Increased community awareness and support of FP and conservation 11 2.1 Recruit, train and deploy PHE adult PEs 11 2.2 Develop and implement PHE IEC strategy 12 Status of PMP results for IR2 14 IR2 Priorities for next period (October 1 to December 31, 2011) 14 IR 3: Increased commitment to FP/RH services integrated approaches 14 3.1 Conduct PHE Orientation and planning with LGU, NGO, PO and project stakeholders 14 3.2 Support local development, environment,CRM and fisheries and leverage resources for PHE 15 Status of PMP results for IR3 16 IR 3 Priorities for next period (October 1 to December 31, 2011) 16 III.
    [Show full text]