April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8505 ·EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CONGRESSMAN PAUL SIMON where he specializes in the defense area. He simply could not get rid of a high -sala­ PRAISES LEADERSHIP OF HOUSE is plain-spoken in his comments in debate ried, incompetent worker and had or­ and in private conversJ.tion with his col­ AND SENATE BUDGET COMMIT­ leagues. He is respected in the House, and dered that no task of any kind be as­ TEES his voice on issues is listened to, though signed to the worker in the hope of often he and the rest of us on the Budget shaming him into retirement. Promotion Committee get outvoted. policies are just as bad. Pay raises have HON. JOHN BRADEMAS Muskie, long prominent on the national become virtually automatic. In 1977 only OF INDIANA scene, needs no introduction But as chair­ 600 persons were denied a merit increase IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES man of the Senate Budget Committee he has out of millions who were eligible. Such found his niche, and the soft-spoken Maine Monday, April 3, 1978 promotion policies stifle initiative, re­ accent conceals a basic toughness which his ward mediocrity, and pay some bureau­ ~ Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, I be­ present post requires. He has emerged as one lieve that Members of both the House of the powerful figures in the Senate. crats very handsomely for doing very and Senate will read with great interest No less a contribution has been made by a little. quiet Oklahoma Republican Senator who is The President's plan would create an the following newsletter, "P.S. Washing­ not widely known around the nation, but ton", by our distinguished colleague, the elite corps of 9,000 top Federal managers has shown amazing courage and leadership who would trade job security for a Hon. PAUL SIMON of lllinois, concerning In Budget matters and in other areas. I mean the outstanding leadership given to the no disrespect to my House colleagues when chance at higher pay. The percentage of House and Senate Budget Committees I say there is no counterpart to Senator political appointees in such positions by three other distinguished colleagues, Bellman in he House. would remain as it is, but directors of the Hon. ROBERT GIAIMO of Connecticut, If a secret vote were to be taken among agencies would have more discretion in chairman of the House Budget Commit­ Senators and House members of both par­ placement. The plan would establish a ties on who in our two bodies is making a fair and comprehensive system for pro­ tee; the Hon. EDMUND S. MUSKIE Of substantial contribution to the nation, Sen­ Maine, the chairman of the Senate tecting employees against abuses by ator Bellman's name would emerge high on splitting the Civil Service Commission Budget Committee; and the Hon. HENRY the l~t--perhaps to the surpr~e of many BELLMON of Oklahoma, the ranking mi­ who would look to those who get their faces into two agencies--one in the White nority member of the Senate Budget on television more often. House to manage the bureaucracy itself Committee. There is no way the nation can adequately and the other an independent agency to Mr. SIMON's newsletter, a weekly col­ thank these three men. Their contribution protect employee rights and privileges­ umn, follows: has been-and continues to be-immense. and by shielding dissident workers who Perhaps I can say "thank you" in a small "blow the whistle" on Government waste BUDGET COMMI'I"rEE LEADERS wa.y by telling the people of Southern Illi­ and corruption. The plan would also cut "Can we make the budget process work?" nois ab:>ut them.e is a question the chairman of the House back to 10 years the lifetime advantages Budget Committee, Rep. Robert Giaimo of in hiring and job retention now given to Connecticut, often asks privately-and nondisabled veterans and would elimi­ sometimes in public-as he sees the House CIVIT.. SERVICE REFORM nate the preferential hiring of senior and Senate occasionally act with almost no military officers, making it more difficult concern for the fiscal implications of its for them to "double-dip." Finally, the actions. HON. LEE H. HAMIL TON plan would streamline rules for the hir­ In 1974 Congress passed legislation creat­ ing of women, minorities, and the handi­ ing the House and Senate Budget Commit­ OF INDIANA tees, primarily with two purposes in mind: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES capped and would permit more decision­ making in agencies and regional Federal first, to restrain spending, and second, to Monday, April 3, 1978 set priorities. offices. The first of those two, restraining spend­ e Mr. HAMILTON. Mr. Speaker, it is The adoption of the plan is by no ing, we have worked on with limited success. time to overhaul the civil service to make means assured. In fact, the President has For those who see the Budget Committees the vast Federal work force more com­ already negotiated for a year just to get as failures in holding back spending, let me petent, more efficient, and more respon­ assure you that the deficit would be many his proposal before Congress. Other billions greater were it not for the limiting sive to the President's direction and the Presidents have tried to reorganize the factor of the Budget Committees. We may ordinary citizen's needs. bureaucracy without notable success, and not have done all we should, but deficits President Carter has just submitted to they have quickly learned that many ob­ have been reduced substantially and the Congress the most sweeping reform of stacles block the path to reform. Bureau­ tires of inflation have been dampened a little. the civil service ever proposed. The initi­ cratic passions are aroused, various The second function of our committees­ ative is the centerpiece of the President's groups are unhappy with the weakening setting priorities-has not been grasped fully of their preferences, and many people and probably will not be until the two com­ Government reorganization program. mittees start to go into five-year projections He wants to make it easier to hire, as­ fear that the effort to crack down on a rather than one-year projections. That ap­ sign, and fire Federal employees and to small minority of shiftless or unproduc­ pears to be coming. (Rep. John Conyers of reward top civil servants who do their tive employees erodes legitimate rights Michigan-not a member of our commit­ job well. As the President says, he is try­ and privileges. The plan does give Federal tee-has done more to prod us in the right ing to put merit back into the merit sys­ workers broader collective bargaining direction or setting priorities than any other tem and the work ethic back into the rights, but the unions are still divided on member of Congress.) public's business. it. The only unshakable ally of the plan To the degree the House and Senate Budg­ is et Committees have been successful during The present civil service code is a 21- the general public. Many citizens have my limtted time on the House committee, volume tangle of obscure rules and regu­ become weary and resentful of a bu­ the credit must go to three people: Rep. lations. Procedures for firing incompe­ reaucracy that forever costs more and Robert Giaimo of Connecticut, Senator Ed tent employees are so cumbersome that yields less. Muskie of Maine and Senator Henry Bellman they are almost worthless to Federal It needs to be emphasized that the real of Oklahoma. managers. Since it can take up to 3 years problem is the civil service, not the civil All three are well over six feet tall but their' stature in Congress comes from 'their to discharge someone for good cause, it servant. Most Federal employees perform courage and substance, not their height. is hardly surprising that only 223 people with integrity and their work is marked Giaimo, the son of Italian immigrant par­ were separated from the Government by competence and dedication. No one ents knows government expenditures from for poor performance last year. A Cabi­ is more concerned than they with the his seat on the Appropriations Committee net Secretary recently told me that he Government's inability to deliver on its

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., • 8506 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 promises. No one is more upset then they care consideration in the development of 1888, the committee has encouraged with the incompetent worker who tar­ Health Systems Plans and Annual Imple­ Delaware River navigation projects, and mentation ·Plans. The purpose of this pro­ nishes their image. The President's plan gram information letter is to acquaint you projects on river tributaries and on the should be seen as a sincere attempt to with the AAP's interest in working with Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. improve the civil service, not as an at­ us in implementing the health planning I would like to share the views of the tack on the civil servant. Federal em­ program. committee with my colleagues: ployees should find their legitimate rights In response to the National Health Plan­ The Ports of Philadelphia rank first among and privileges better protected under the ning and Resources Development Act, the East Coast ports in international waterborne plan, for surely the conscientious em­ Academy developed two documents for its commerce handled and second among these ployee would benefit from a system that member AAP Chapters concerned with child ports in number of ship calls. In 1977 it 18 gave him high marks for a job well done. health planning: estimated that the Port handled over 77 mil­ Only the incompetent employee would "A Handbook on Child Health Planning for lion tons of international cargoes. During the AAP Chapters." same period 4,339 merchant ships called at have less job security. "A Sample Child Health Plan for AAP the Port. This activity generated an esti­ Few issues are more important than Chapters" mated $3 billion into the economy of the tri­ the competence of government. If peo­ These documents have been disseminated state Delaware Valley region. ple begin to see that the Government is to the individual AAP Chapters through­ The following table outlines those naviga­ trying to set its house in order, then some out the country. AAP otncials stated that tion projects which we consider to be inade­ disillusionment with government may be they believe that mcst of their Chapters quately funded; indicating the amounts now dispelled. Consequently, I believe that will want to participate in planning for in the FY 1979 budget and the amounts the President's proposal is long overdue child health services and that the Chapters which we recommend be added to insure that and should be approved. Because even may be willing to make these documents waterborne commerce to this port area con­ the best organized government can only available to the HSAs. They may be w1lling tinues to move in a safe and expeditious to help in other ways as well; for example, manner: be as efficient as the people who work in they can serve as a resource for data and it, this proposal may be one of the most information on child health in their area.. Fiscal year Additional significant to come before Congress in We have reviewed the two documents and 1973 amount years. The plan may not be perfect, but while they do not conform in their entirety Project budget needed Congress will have the chance to examine to our guidance on plan development, (non­ every line of it and make any changes quantifiable goals are used), and while many Delaware River, Philadelphia may disagree with some recommendations, to the Sea...... $9,483,000 $8,600,000 that may be necessary. Given the choice Delaware River, Philadelphia between the bureaucracy as it is and the we think you may well find the documents to Trenton ...... 1,543,000 520,000 useful. We also encourage you to take ad­ Chesapeake and Delaware bureaucracy as it might be, I am hope­ vantage of the AAP's interest in plan devel­ Canal ...... 6,286,000 2,895,000 ful that most Congressmen will vote for opment activities. W;Jmington Harbor ...... 902,000 500,000 a change. If the plan were enacted, I Delaware River Dredging The Academy provided us with a list of Disposal Study, Pa., would expect to see a more competent, the names and addresses of each AAP Chap­ N.J., and Del...... 100,000 25,000 efficient, and responsive Federal Govern­ ter Chairman. A copy is enclosed for your ment--perhaps even a Government reference. Total ...... : ...... 12,540,000 worthy of the people it serves.• Finally, I wish to take this opportunity to remind you that health plans must be re­ Included in the monetary benefits derived sponsive to the unique needs of the residents from port operations are those funds col­ of the area tor which the plans are de­ lected by the Federal Government as a re­ CHILD HEALTH CARE PLANNING veloped. In providing guidance on this re­ sult of Customs collections on waterborne quirement, the Bureau has made every effort commerce. In 1977, U.S. Customs collections to ensure that planning agencies have the at the Ports of Philadelphia reached an all fiexib111ty required to develop plans which time high of $260 milli.on. Obviously, in order HON. JOHN L. BURTON to keep the Ports of Philadelphia fully opera­ OF CALIFORNIA respond to local or State priorities and needs. When identifying the unique needs of your tive in the light of the increasing size of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES area, I urge you to consider the special needs vessels using its waterways, it behooves the Federal Government to also protect its mone­ Monday, April 3, 1978 of children. I am sure we all agree that this population subgroup's health status and tary interest in this Port by appropriating e Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, I health service requirements deserve careful the additional $12.54 million requested wish to take this opportunity to bring to thoughts. herein. the attention of this body, on behalf of HARRY P. CAIN ll, PH. D.e PHILADELPHIA TO THE SEA the American Academy of Pediatrics, re­ No funds have been provided in the FY '79 Budget for maintaining the two principal cent developments in the area of health Delaware River anchorages-Marcus Hook planning. As you are well aware, amend­ PHILADELPHIA PORT AREA DE­ and Mantua Creek-csed by deep laden pe­ ments to the Health Planning Act of 1974 VELOPMENT GROUP ENDORSES troleum and chemical tankers and ore and have been introduced in both the House MORE FUNDING FOR NAVIGATION other bulk carriers. These anchorages were and Senate, and subcommittee hearings PROJECTS authorized by the Congress in 1958 for the on those bills have already been held. safety which they offer to deep draught ves­ The American Academy of Pediatrics sels that transit in a relatively narrow and HON. ROBERT W. EDGAR sometimes congested ship channel. A vessel prides itself for its response to the re­ scheduling her transit on the rising tide, as quest in Public Law 93-641 for provider OF PENNSYLVANIA ninety percent of these vessels must, cannot participation in the development of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES anticipate conditions, perhaps as much as health systems plans, annual implemen­ Monday, April 3, 1978 130 miles upriver-fog can set in, engine or tation plans and State health plans. The steering problems can occur, and a northwest Academy feels that the following letter e Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, Mr. Wil­ wind wm tend to reduce the depth of water from Harry P. Cain, II, director. Bureau liam Lewis, a resident of Springfield, Pa., available. These are all unknowns which may of Health Planning and Resources De­ has brought to my attention views of an be encountered and which create hazards to velopment, Department of Health, Edu­ area port development group with re­ the vessel and her crew. A study recently conducted by The Phila­ cation, and Welfare, recognizes that fact, spect to funding of five navigation proj­ delphia Maritime Exchange disclosed that and it offers its services and resources ects. This group is the Joint Executive 20 percent of Delaware River ship tratnc car­ for use in future health planning efforts. Committee for the Improvement and ries draughts 36 feet or deeper. Vessels carry­ The letter follows: Development of the Philadelphia Port ing draughts in excess of 36 feet cannot now DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, Area, and is chaired by Paul Lane Ives, utilize a Dea.lware River anchorage because EDUCATION, AND WELFARE, Jr. The committee is the voice of 21 civic they are not being maintained to project Hyattsville, Md., December 21, 1977. and trade associations for the promotion dimensions. Needless to say, such risks To: Health Systems Agencies, State Health of navigation improvements in the Phil­ should not be acceptable, nor justified on the Planning and Development Agencies, basis of economic terms. Statewide Health Coordination Council. adelphia port area. Member organiza­ The Philadelphia Distric•, U.S. Army Corps Subject: Child Health Care Planning. tions include the Delaware County of Engineers, has a capab111ty to utilize $5,- Recently some of my staff and I met with Chamber of Commerce, the Delaware 900,000 for maintenance dredging of Marcus representatives of the American Academy Valley Council, and the Port of Philadel­ Hook Anchorage to its full project dimen­ of Pediatrics (AAP) regarding child health phia Maritime Society. Organized in sions. The Corps also has a capab111ty of April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8507 ,1,700,000 to perform maintenance dredging $99.6 milllon. However, environmental objec­ PANAMA DEFECTOR DENOUNCES of Mantua Creek Anchorage to a depth of 37 tions to overboard disposal have delayed this CANAL TREATIES feet over a 1400 foot width. While neither important project for several years. As a re­ the depth nor width in the latter anchorage sult, minimum depths in the 35' western ap­ is satisfactory to meet full safety needs on proach channel have deteriorated to 26'. At HON. LARRY McDONALD the Delaware River, this would improve on this limited depth, the Canal is only mar­ the present situation, and we strongly urge ginally functional for moderate sized vessels OF GEORGIA that the necessary steps be taken to add and actually non-functional for many of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these sums to the President's Budget. larger containerships that dominate in the Monday, April 3, 1978 ' In addition to the need for the vitally gener~ cargo trades. important anchorage funding, we should like There is considerable optimism that in the • Mr. McDONALD. Mr. Speaker, many to recommend that an additional $1,000,000 year ahead environmentalists will accept a thoughtful Panamanians fear and op­ be appropriated under this project to cover program to allow expansion of overboard dis­ pose the proposed treaties. They realize additional hopper dredging. posal areas; permitting dredging to at least that the treaties are politically unpala­ DELAWARE RIVER, PHILADELPHIA TO TRENTON 32 feet in Fiscal Year 1979. With this in mind, table to most Americans and they also This project, in the vicinity of Tioga we urge the Congress to appropriate an addi­ tional $2,400,000 for contract maintenance know the passage of both treaties will .. Marine Terminal, was first requested in 1966 cement a left-wing dictator in power for and authorized in 1976. It providesror-areag­ dredging in upper Chesapea.ke _!3-ay. Following an investment of nearly- *100 the rest of" his· natural-·-Iife. Thoughtf-ul­ ing of a maneuvering area and a turning mlllion, the controlllng depth for a ship pas­ area adjacent to the existing 40 foot chan­ Panamanians are appalled at the black­ nel. The maneuvering area and turning area sage through this wateway is approximately mail exercised by Torrijos. Lieutenant 26 feet. This is no more than the depth avail­ would be 36 feet deep. There are no funds General Graham wrote an astute column able to shipping back in 1962 when work on in the President's FY 1979 Budget for this the improvement project began. Although on this matter in the Washington Week- work. The Corps' FY 1979 capab111ty for this the improvement project was justified on the ly for Thursday, March 16, 1978, based work is $60,000. basis of a 2:1 benefit/cost ratio, the benefits upon his interviews with a Panamanian There is an urgent need for modification cannot be realized until the project is com­ defector. The column follows: of this approximately one mile area to per­ pleted. We strongly urge the Congress to ap­ mit ships to turn safely into and out of the PANAMANIAN DEFECTOR DENOUNCES CANAL busy Tioga Terminal and to accom-modate propriate all necessary funding in order to bring this project to a speedy conclusion. TREA~ the substantial volume of through traffic. Other important work associated with this Recently I interviewed Senor Alexis Wat­ The construction of the maneuvering area son-Castillo, an important former member was accomplished by local interests during project that has not received funding in the FY '79 Budget is the following: of the Panamanian dictator Torrijos regime, the time the site was being constructed for who had engineered a bold and harrowing the Tioga Marine Terminal. Only minor con­ Repairs-Night Lighting System___ $250,000 escape from Panama. Watson-Castillo and struction rema!ns, primarily in the turning Construction-TV/Microwave his wife were under threat of death for hav­ basin area. Tower ------75,0UO ing refused to participate in the murder of This is an exceptionally busy segment of Dredging Contract-Chesapeake three Panamanians exiled in Costa Rica and the Delaware River. Waterborne commerce City Anchorage Basin & Delaware alleged cooperation with CIA. This courage­ statistics issued by the Corps of Engineers City Bridge ChanneL______170,000 ous couple brazened their way through Tor­ indicate that in 1976, the latest year in which rijos guards and boarded a jet to the United statistical information is available, 15,626,657 While not as important as the maintenance dredging in the western approach channel, States with nothing but the clothes on their tons moved over the waterway between Al­ backs and $20 in their pockets. legheny Avenue and Trenton. During 1977, these itetns are necessities to insure maxi­ mum efficiency in the operation of this mul­ Watson-Castillo had held important posi­ Tioga Marine Terminal handled 528 vessels tions in the Torrijos regime-chief of the and 1.117.000 tons of cargo. Container traffic timilllon dollar project. We therefore urge their inclusion in the appropriation figure. Human Resources Department, Budget Ac­ for 1977 increased 24.7% over the prior year countant, and agent of the dreaded G-2 of and there is every indication that the growth WILMINGTON HARBOR the Guardia Nacional. From those positions wlll continue. Becau~e of the inordinate No funds have Jjeen provided in the Presi­ he was able to observe and report on the vi­ delay toward the achievement of the modi­ dent's FY '79 Budget for the badly needed ciousness and other corruption of the Tor­ fication, the port is in danger of losing the rehabiltation of Wilmington Harbor's sheet rijos regime. He provided final proof of the operators of the new and larver container­ pile bulkhead. Continuing deterioration of involvement of Torrijos in drug traffic, hav­ ships which are coming on the water in the bulkhead will contribute to the Harbor's ing observed the dictator and his cronies fn"eatly increasing numbers. The channel at siltation problem. Therefore, the anticipated dividing up huge profits from the drug Tioga Marine Terminal is 400 feet wide but savings to be gained by not performing this tramc. the containerships are approaching lengths work will have been lost as a result of the He has first-hand knowledge of the rake­ of 1000 feet. c.dditional dredging required to maintain this offs of Torrijos and the officers of the Guar­ The Joint Executive Committee recom­ project's 35' channel; surely a self-defeating dia Nacional from gambling, prostitution mends an aporooriation of $60.000 in the effort. and shakedown of businessmen. He has the Corps' FY 1979 Budget to permit initiation we urge that $500,00:> be added to the details of the murder of the Catholic priest of the necessary design work which must pre­ President's FY '79 Budget and which we un­ Collegas, who had the audacity to criticize cede construction. derstand is the amount that the Corps can the regime. He knows that the officers of the Also, we respectfully ask that an additional effectively use to complete this work. Guardia have already divided up the land $440,000 be appropriated for this project for and the houses in the Canal Zone among maintenance dredging of the upper river. DELAWARE RIVER DREDGING DISPOSAL SIUDY, PA, NJ AND DE thetnselves. His attractive wife testifies to­ This wlll permit the Corps to fully meet its having been stri"9ped naked by Torri.tos thugs capab111ty in order to properly maintain this This study was started in Fiscal Year 1978 and paraded before drunken guards in a busy section of the waterway. with an initial appropriation of $75,000. While the President's Budget for Fiscal Year Pa.na.manian jail. She also testi~es to seeing CHESAPEAKE AND DELAWARE CANAL Torrijos' prisoners hung from the ce111ng by 1979 contains $100,000 for this study, the their wrists. IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Philadelphia District has a capab111ty of A ship will s~ve 294 nautical miles using $125,000. As far the prooosed treaties, Watson-Cas­ the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal during The purpose of the study is to develop a tlllo in!-'ists they wlll do the Panamanian a transit from Philadelphia to Baltimore. In regional dredging spoil disposal plan for the oeoole a gross diEservice. Thev will make terms of hours, a ship transit via. the Canal tidal Delaware River, its tidal tributaries and Torr11os and his gang dictators for life. is accomplished in approximately-eight hours Delaware Bay including designating specific As a Pana.manian. he believes there should be compared to approximately twenty-six hours disposal sites which may be used with mini­ a new treaty with the u.s.. but not with if the vessel was to use the "outside" route mum degradation of the natural environ­ such a regime. As he put it, "It is unbeliev­ between the two ports. These are highly sig­ ment. able to me that a country as large and power­ nificant savings and when the project to Obviously, the most essential element and ful as the United States could be black­ deepen the waterway from twenty-seven feet indeed the capstone of the entire port econ­ mailed by Torrijos." In his view, the al­ to thirty-five feet and widen it from two omy rests with the ab111ty to dredge and to ready powerful communist infiuence in hundred and fifty feet to four hundred and dispose of the dredge material. The implica­ Panama wlll become total once the treaties fifty feet was authorized in 1954, it was de­ tions involving this study are too important are ratified and that Torrijos wlll arrange for termined that the savings to justify this con­ to tolerate a. reduction in relatively minor the Soviet Union to replace U.S. subsidies struction were twice the anticipated costs. study costs. and technicians required to operate the Construction on the C & D Canal improve­ We are told that existing Delaware River Canal. When this happens, all hope for ment project began in 1962. The moderniza­ spoil disposal sites are now reaching their political freedom in Panama wlll disappear', tion program provides for a ch.,nnel depth capacities; some having a remaining life of and de facto control of the Canal wlll be in of 35 feet and a 450 foot width over the full no more than five years. We therefore urge the hands of Castro and the USSR. length of the Canal. The project is now near­ that an additional $25,000 be appropriated Watson-Castlllo was very forthright in his ing completion, following an expenditure of for this most vital study.e testimony and eminently believable. But I 8508 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 d.ld not rely on my subjective judgment in CA). The AFCA is the national organiza­ pointed. This is particularly alarming this matter. The entire testimony was moni­ tion of all collegiate coaches. This pre­ when it is recognized that the law re­ tored by two of this country's leading ex­ sentation was the first and only time quired the Commission to submit its first per ts in lie-detection techniques. Senor Wat­ the college coaches presented their most report to Congress by March 1, 1978. son-Castillo passed the lie-detection tests prestigous award to a person who was Because of my concern over the clear with fiy.lng colors. He speaks the truth. not a college football coach. The testimony of this courageous Pana­ lack of action on the part of the Presi­ manian should give pause to those senators Yet, despite the enormous amount of dent in appointing the public members who would, by ratify.lng the Panama Canal time which Joe Tomlin has devoted to to this important Commission, I wrote Treaties before them, perpetuate the To­ the Pop Warner Conference, he has still to the President on March 17, 1978, rrijos regime. If ever there was a chance for found time to become involved in many urging his immediate attention to this the United States to remove a terribly op­ other youth programs, including roles a important duty. I have received a re­ pressive regime from the backs of a small co-founder and director. Among these sponse indicating that tentative selec­ country, we have it now. If the treaties are organizations are Little League Base­ tions for the Commission have been not ratified, the Torrijos regime will almost ball, All American Amateur Baseball made pending necessary clearance and certainly fall of its own rottenness. We could Congress and the Sandlot Sports Assoc­ conflict-of-interest procedures. t 1en hope to renegotiate more reasonable iation. Joe is still on many boards today, treaties with a respectable government of In light of the critical nature of the Panama. Since Torrijos states that he would both locally and nationally. work to be done by the National Com­ hold elections in August, let us call that On behalf of a justifiably proud city mission on Air Quality, I hope that an bluff and wait until he does before acting of Philadelphia, and the thousands of official announcement of the appoint­ on these treaties.e kids all over the world who have ment of the seven public members, benefitted from the athletic competition which for reasons unknown has taken so and coaching promoted by the Pop War­ ner League, the House of Representa­ long, will be made soon. • SALUTE TO JOSEPH TO~ tives salutes Joseph Tomlin.•

CLAYTON FRITCHEY ON SADAT'S HON. RAYMOND F. LEDERER HARD LINE OF PENNSYLVANIA WHERE IS THE NATIONAL COMMIS­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SION ON AIR QUALITY? Monday, April 3, 1978 HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM HON. ELFORD A. CEDERBERG OF NEW YORK e Mr. LEDERER. Mr. Speaker, I would like to pause in the business of the House OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to honor a great American and Philadel­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, April 3, 1978 phian, Joseph J. Tomlin, Founder-Presi­ Monday, April 3, 1978 e Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I am dent of Pop Warner Football League. e Mr. CEDERBERG. Mr. Speaker, the pleased to see reports from the Middle Joseph was born on October 19, 1902, Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 East which indicate that Israel and in Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, moving to became Public Law 95-95 on August 7, Egypt are continuing their direct con­ Philadelphia with his widowed mother 1977, with the signature of the President. tacts. It is important that the United in 1908. IIi a commitment to neighbors Section 323 of this law calls for the States do everything in its power to en­ and community rarely seen in today's establishment of a National Commission courage those contacts without thrusting often transient society, Joe still lives in on Air Quality. itself into the midst of the negotiating the same house that his stepfather built Congress specifically established this process. in 1908, at 3664 Richmond Street in the Commission to study alternative meth­ The administration during the past Port Richmond section of Philadelphia. ods of carrying out the purposes of the few weeks has appeared to be openly as­ In the year 1929, one of the few good Clean Air Act; and the economic, tech­ sociating itself with the Egyptian nego­ things that came out of the year of the nological, and environmental conse­ tiating position in a way that is alarming great depression, was the junior foot­ quences of achieving or not achieving to friends of Israel in the Congress. ball league founded by Joseph Tomlin. them. This Commission is essential for There has clearly been pressure on Israel This league was renamed the Pop Wiarner examining whether the levels which the to compromise on key points but no Conference in 1933 when Glen Scobie Environmental Protection Agency is parallel pressure on Egypt. This is despite ''Pop'' Warner came to Philadelphia to seeking represent an appropriate bal­ the fact that President Sadat has refused coach the then powerhouse Temple Owls. ance among other national goals such as to submit a counterproposal to Prime Warner and Tomlin became close employment and energy efficiency. Minister Begin's peace proposal and con­ friends; a friendship which helped de­ This type of commission has a proven, tinues to insist that, in return for his velop an organization which would help successful track record. In the Federal visit to Jerusalem, the Israelis accept all countless youngsters throughout the Water Pollution Control Act Amend­ the longstanding Egyptian demands. Un­ world. ments of 1972 ­ prised at the position taken by Israel at the lamation of independence was signed position to velvety green meadows is the Jan. 18 Polltical Committee discussions, for on March 25, 1918, in Minsk. blood red stains of the battlefields. And yet, the Egyptian leader had been fully advised The Byelorussian people have fought many people ask, "Do I have a responsibllity of Begin's views well before he :flew to Jeru­ bravely in attempting to break the to America?" salem on Nov. 19 for his now famous appear­ shackles of Soviet oppression and regain My responsib111ty is deeply rooted in ance before the Israeli Parliament. America's past. The first colonists in this When Sadat, last Nov. 8, let it be known their freedom. Armed uprisings took country laid the foundation for America's that he would be willing to visit Israel, Begin place in 1920 and 1922, and Byelorussian democratic form of government. The patriots quickly extended him an invitation, but in independence was very briefly proclaimed of the American Revolution built on that doing so he said, "Israel categorically and ab­ again in 1944, before yet another Soviet foundation, using blood as mortar and de­ solutely rejects the conditions named by takeover. Under Soviet occupation the termination as bricks. Decades later, the President Sadat-i.e., total withdrawal to the Byelorussians have been deprived of the union they had fought so hard to obtain was June 1967 lines and the establishment of a most basic religious and political free­ threatened by civil war. But, one hundred so-called Palestinian state." years had not killed the patriotism burning Nevertheless, Sadat still chose to go to doms, and have endured harsh persecu­ within many Americans. With more blood Jerusalem, but, as can be seen, he went with tions and attempts at russiflcation. and me-re tears our free form of government his eyes open. Likewise, when he later sent Yet. they are a strong people with a was reinforced to stand taller and firmer his representatives to the joint peace talks, fervent will to succeed in their quest for than ever. Although peace reigned on Amer­ he knew in advance what conditions the freedom and a lasting independence. ican soil for many years, democracy was Israelis would present. There exists a firm and unceasing con­ t~reatened across the ocean many times. Moreover, he knew by then that Begin was Each time, Americans heard the cry for free­ more :flexible than he had been pictured. viction that the forces of justice and hu­ dom, and fought and died so that an over­ When the Israeli prime minister went to Is­ man rights can win out over Soviet seas threat could never harm their beloved mama in December to see Sadat, he took with .domination and oppression. homeland. him an offer that had been checked with In recent years the Soviet Union has To these people who gave their time, their President Carter, who saw it as a "long step attempted to counteract the growing ties hopes, their prayers, their lives, I owe a forward" and a "constructive approach." between America and the Byelorussian great debt. I am obligated to uphold Ameri­ Although Begin maintains that U.N. Reso­ pe3ple through the use of propaganda can democracy with the same fervency that lution 242 does not require Israel to give up that denigrates life in America, while past citizens have done. They must not have the territory it has occupied since winning died in vain! the 1967 war, the peace plan he took to Is­ at the same time stressing totalitarian The preamble to the constitution of the mama offered to give back to Egypt nearly dogma. We cannot allow such falsehoods United States says that the document was all the land it had lost. to go unchallenged. The voice of free­ written " ... in order ... to secure the bless­ As to Judea and Samaria on the West Bank, dom must penetrate the barriers of cen­ ings of liberty ... to our posterity ..." I feel Begin suggested that for the first time in sorship, for only by speaking out can that I owe my children the same free en­ history the Palestinian Arabs residing in we enable the truth to be heard. vironment as the one in which I have lived. 8510 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 Future citizens of the world should have As one of three black leaders who signed a nance, public works, sanitation, and edu­ the opportunity to experience living at its majority-rule agreement with Prime Minister cation commissioners. In addition, resi­ fullest, which can only be enjoyed in a dem­ Ian Smith, the Bishop wanted to present his dents ea.m their own way by performing ocratic society. case as cpponents of the agreement have been Also, I have a very grave responsibility to permitted to do. It defied all the rules of fair after-school chores in exchange for myself to preserve the liberty that is mine discussion for him to be, blocked by the pros­ Boy's Town currency. The Boy's Town today. America should remain a strong, pect of a majority of the council giving in to economic system teaches the boys re­ steadfast, and God-fearing nation. Other­ the demands of Africans who denounce the sponsibility by allowing them to pur­ wise, her decrease in strength and power wlll agreement as a fraud. chase food, clothing, and supplies from cause me to lose the liberty that is so im­ It may turn out to be a fraud, a risk Bishop their own stores, and to save at their portant to me. Apathy and indifference must Muzorewa and his colleagues are taking by own banks. A graduate of Boy's Town not take control of America. It is my duty going it alone with the Smith regime. Cer­ of Italy is a responsible, productive, well­ to see that such a state of affairs never exists. tainly the agreement's political provisions trained, and well-eduoa.ted member of One way of accomplishing this is to always based solely on race are contrary to United maintain an active interest in the govern­ Nations principles. And in practical terms society. ment. Voting is the most obvious way of any transition to majority rule would be Statesmen and journalists ha.ve long exercising my political rights. But also, as ditncult without the participation of the praised the Boy's Towns of Italy. The an informed citizen I can contribute to the Patriotic Front guerrllla leaders, Joshua late President Kennedy said: running of America by voicing my opinion. Nkomo and Robert Mugabe. Their pressures From its modest beginning, this move­ Freedom of speech and press gives unlimited contributed to Mr. Smith's belated move, and ment has, 1n a relatively short time, become opportunity for my letting the world know they are supported by the front-line African a truly realized ideal and a model for those what I think. Because America is a repre­ nations neighboring Rhodesia. in the world who would endow a coming sentative form of government, it is impor­ But the agreement is a major step forward generation with hope and courage. tant that I tell the elected officials my views in Rhodesia's internal politics. The way to on is'!ues. I am a part of the people being build on it or replace it by something such as Clearly, the Boy's Towns of Italy pro­ represented. It is not enough to have a de­ the long-pending Anglo-American plan is not gram will pay dividends in good citizen­ mocracy. Each individual must use the voice to suppress discussion but to encourage it. ship for generations to come. As one who he has been given. It is my responsib111ty to Indeed, the African opponents who term the will be present at the upcoming dinner see that my voice does not remain idle, but agreement a black sell-out to Prime Minister and dance in Youngstown, I believe that speaks out for justice and freedom. In that Smith only make themselves look fanatical way, my obligations to my country wm be everyone associated with this enterprise and undependable by such tactics as denying deserves the commendation and support filled, and America wlll not be just a large Bishop Muzorewa the UN forum given to piece of land, but a part of myself.e Messrs. Nkomo and Mugabe. If they clamp of each of us.e down on free speech even at the UN what confidence do they inspire about preserving tree speech should they come to power in U.N. SECURITY COUNCIL RE­ Rhodesia? THE 60TH ANNIVERSARY OF B Y'ELO­ PROACHED FOR UNFAffiNESS TO Not much. The longer the opponents of the RUSSIAN INDEPENDENCE BISHOP MUZOREWA agreement behave in this matter the better the supporters of the agreement will look.e HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI OF NEW JERSEY OF KENTUCKY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BOY'S TOWNS OF ITALY TO HONOR YOUNGSTOWN, OHIO, MAYOR Monday, April 3, 1978 Monday, April 3, 1978 PHILLIP RICHLEY AT BENEFIT • Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, during the e Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I have DINNER Easter district work period, the 60th been a long time supporter of the United anniversary of Byelorussian independ­ Nations. I have defended it on many ence was marked. I am pleased at this occasions. HON. CHARLES J. CARNEY time to pay tribute to the brave and free­ The United Nations provides a respon­ OF OHIO dom-loving people of Byelorussia. sible and civil atmosphere in which all IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES During the late 19th and early 20th the nations of the world-with all their Monday, April 3, 1978 centuries a distinct Byelorussian culture varing ideologies--can air their dis­ asserted itself within czarist Russia. De­ agreements and debate the overriding e Mr. CARNEY. Mr. Speaker, on Sun­ spite strong opposition and constant har­ global issues. day, May 7, 1973, a dinner and dan~e assment by the central government, However, I am appalled at the recent will be held for the benefit of the Boy s books and newspapers were published in actions of the U.N. Security Council with Towns of Italy at Powers Auditorium the Byelorussian language, a Byelorus­ respect to Bishop Abel Muzorewa of Grand Lobby in Youngstown, Ohio. Over sian theater was established and a Rhodesia-soon to be Zimbabwe. 2 400 Youngstown area residents of all Byelorussian political party took shape. When the council shut its door to r~ligious faiths are expected to attend. World War I provided the Byelorus­ Bishop Muzorewa, it shut its door to a Mayor J. Phillip Richley of Youngs­ sians with the opportunity to establish legitimate spokesman and leader of his town will be the honored guest at the their national independence. Shortly nations. And, the Security Council, by its event, and he will receive a special award after the Russian March Revolution of unexpected actions, rejected the concept from the founder of Boy's Towns of 1917, a congress of the Byelorussian So­ of freedom of speech which has been a Italy for his outstanding work and con­ cialist Hromada was called in Minsk, foundation block of the United Nations. tributions to the organization. Byelorussia's major city. The Congress No matter what his political philo­ Presenting the award will be Msgr. called for the reorganization of Russia sophy, no matter what his ideology or John Patrick Carroll-Abbing, the re­ as a federative state with Byelorussia motivations, Bishop Muzorewa should markable Irish priest who founded enjoying autonomous status. Soon after, have been extended the opportunity to Boy's Towns of Italy over 30 years ago. a democratically elected congress of dele­ present his case before the Security Patterned after the American Boys gates adopted a resolution endorsing the Council. Town, Msgr. Carroll's initial emergency right of self-determination for all peo­ ple. I bring to the attention of my col­ program in 1944 assisted more than 200,- leagues the following editorial which ap­ 000 destitute children in war-tom Italy. Before the congress adjourned, how­ peared in the Christian Science Monitor With the aid of contributions from ever, the Bolsheviks, who had seized Americans and Italians of all religious power in Russia in November 1917, sur­ of March 13,1978: faiths, Boy's Towns of Italy has grown rounded the building where the meeting MUZZLING MUZOREWA to include 40 day schools, a Girl's Town, was being held and disbanded the con­ "Deplorable," said America's UN Ambas­ and 9 Boy's Towns, all of which provide gress with a display of armed power. By sador Andrew Young. "Thoroughly regret­ table and totally wrong," said Britain's UN scholastic and vocational training to this action, Byelorussia became one of AmbassadoT Ivor Richard. We could not agree needy Italian children. the very first victims of Communist ag­ more with such condemnations of shutting The boys at the Boy's Towns of Italy gression. the Security Council door to Bishop Abel exercise self-government--with secret More favorable conditions prevailed Muzorewa of Rhodesia. ballot elections for their own mayors, fi- when the Germans occupied Byelorus- April 3, 197.8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8511 sia after February 1918. On March 25, sylvania area are dependent to a great ex­ mander in Chief of the North American Air 1918, the Rada of the Byelorussian Na­ tent on efficient water transportation; and Defense Command and Commander in Chief Whereas, The increased cost of the trans­ of the United States Air Force Aerospace De­ tional Republic solemnly declared their portation of fuels, raw materials and finished fense Command, General James had opera­ independence and published an official products resulting from the imposition of tional command of all United States and decree to that effect. this tax would have a. deleterious effect upon Canadian strategic aerospace defense forces, Despite great difficulties imposed by the industry of western Pennsylvania; and and was responsible for surveillance and air the war and its consequences, the Byelo­ Whereas, The joining of legislation dealing defense of North American airspace and for russian Government made significant with a. specific project authorization, with providing warning and assessment of hostUe advances in the fields of education, cul­ an issue involving a. major policy considera­ attack on the continent from bombers or ture and social welfare. The new govern­ tion with substantial economic impact is ill missUes; and advised, the two issues should be separated Whereas, General James' ab111ty and his ment was also active internationally, and each decided strictly on its own merits; dedication to the principles of this country and sought and received recognition from therefore be it enabled him to advance at a fast pace in the numerous countries. Resolved (the Senate concurring), That armed Eervices, having attained the rank of Byelorussian independence, sadly, was the General Assem·bly of the Commonwealth second lieutenant on July 28, 1943; first short-lived. On December 10, 1918, the of Pennsylvania memoralize the Congress of lieutenant on July 1, 1944; captain on Octo­ Communists seized Minsk and set up a the United States to divide the specific proj­ ber 31, 1950; major on June 18, 1952; lieu­ ect authorization from the waterways user tenant colonel on AprU 25, 1956; colonel on puppet government. With the Treaty fee proposal currently joined in Senate Bill of Riga in 1921, Byelorussia was divided November 15, 1964; brigadier general on 790, and to let each issue be divided sepa­ July 1, 1970; major general on August 1, 1972; between Poland and the Soviet Union. rately as its own merits; and be it further lieutenant general on June 1, 1973; and gen­ Mr. Speaker, to this day the Byelo­ Resolved (the Senate concurring), that the eral on September 1, 1975; and russian people have not been subdued by General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Whereas, always ready, willing and able their Communist overlords. Tactics of Pennsylvania memora.lize the President and to defend the country he loved so dearly, deportation, executions, purges and ter­ Congress of the United States that the mem­ General James went to the Ph111ppines in rorism have failed to dampen their be­ bers of this general assembly oppose the in­ September 1949 and was assigned as a flight land waterways user fee as proposed in Sen­ leader in the 12th Fighter Bomber Squa­ lief in freedom and self-determination. ate Bill No. 790; and be it further I salute the brave Byelorussian people dron, 18th Fighter Wing, at Clark Field; Resolved, That copies of this resolution be went to Korea in July 1950 where he fiew 101 and pray that their goal of national lib­ transmitted to the President of the United combat missions in the F-51 and F-80 air­ eration is soon realized.• states, to the presiding officers of each house craft; went to Udorn Royal Thai Air Force of the Congress of the United States and to Base, Thailand, in December 1966 as Deputy each senator and representative from Penn­ Commander for Operations, 8th Tactical sylvania in the Congress of the United Fighter Wing, and was named wing vice com­ WATERWAY USER FEES States.e mander in June 1967, and flew 78 combat missions into North Vietnam, many in the MISSISSIPPI LEGISLATURE PRAISES Hanoi-Haiphong area, and led a flight into HON. DOUGLAS WALGREN GENERAL "CHAPPlE" JAMES the Bolo MIG sweep in which seven Com­ OF PENNSYLVANIA munist MIG 21's were destroyed, the high­ est total k111 of any mission during the Viet­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY nam war; and Monday, April 3, 1978 Whereas, this great warrior is widely known OF MISSISSIPPI for his speeches on Americanism and patriot­ e Mr. WALGREN. Mr. Speaker, I re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ism for which he has been editorialized in ceived recently a copy of Pennsylvania Monday, April 3, 1978 numerous national and international publi­ House Resolution Number 118 which was cations; and adopted by the Pennsylvania House of e Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, Whereas, in a speech to the Mississippi Representatives on July 12, 1977, and by just prior to the Easter district work House of Representatives on March 14, 1977, the Senate on March 6, 1978. period, the Mississippi Legislature passed General James said that he was "a. warrior" This resolution expresses the opposi­ a concurrent resolution memoralizing the and was "sworn to protect and defend this great Nation against all enemies, both for­ tion of the Pennsylvania General Assem­ lifetime of contributions of the late Gen. eign and domestic"; and bly to the passage of an inland water­ Daniel "Chappie" James, Jr: Because of Whereas, this great warrior never shed his way user fee and the linking of the the unique place in history held by Gen­ responsibllity to fight for the security of his authorization of locks and dam 26 to the eral James and the great admiration in country; and passage of the inland waterway· fee. which he was held by all Americans, I Whereas, President Carter saluted General I commer.d this resolution to my col­ would like to share with my· colleagues James as "e. superb mUitary officer in times leagues for their consideration. that resolution. of peace or war" and pointed out that Gen­ eral James had been given "an equal author­ HOUSE RESOLUTION No. 118 The concurrent resolution follows: ity" including responsib111ty for "initiating In the House of Representatives, June 15, HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION No. 113 an .atomic attack," and further noted that 1977. A concurrent resolution commending the such responsib111ty was "a rare thing" and Whereas, The Congress of the United States life and accomplishments of the late Gen­ that it showed the superb confidence the has before it Senate Bill 790 which, if en­ eral Daniel "Chapple" James, Jr., retired mUita.ry establishment had in General James; acted in its present form, would mandate an Commander in Chief of the North Ameri­ and inland waterways user fee in addition to can Air Defense Command. Whereas, General James' military decora­ providing for the replacement of a certain Whereas, on February 25, 1978, General tions and awards include the Department of dam and locks; and Daniel "Chapple" James, Jr., retired Com­ Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Air Whereas, Such user fee is in reality a tax mander in Chief of the North American Air Force Distinguished Service Medal with one upon the use of inland waterways, the im­ Defense Command (NORAD) and Com­ oak leaf cluster, the Legion of Merit y.rith one position of which would raise the cost of mander in Chief of the United States Air oak leaf cluster, the Distinguished Flying water transportation; and Force Aerospace Defense Command, the Cra&. with two oak leaf clusters, the Meri­ Whereas, Inland waterways provide the United States element of NORAD, departed torious Service Medal, the Air Medal with most energy efficient means of transporta­ this life following a sudden illness, causing thirteen oak leaf clusters, the Distinguished tion; and great sorrow and loss not only to his family Unit Citation Emblem with one oak leaf Whereas, The United States Department of but to this great Nation in general; and cluster, the Presidential Unit Citation Em­ Transportation reports that in terms of ton Whereas, General James, the son of Mr. blem with three oak leaf clusters, the Air miles carried per gallon of fuel oil or gaso­ and Mrs. Daniel James, Sr., was born on Force Outstanding Unit Award Ribbon with line consumed, a gallon will move 300 ton­ February 11, 1920; and three oak leaf clusters, and the Republic of miles by water, but only 180 ton-miles by Whereas, a native of Pensacola., Florida, Korea Presidential Unit Citation Ribbon; and rail and 50 ton-miles by truck; and General Daniel James was a graduate of Whereas, General James has been awarded Whereas, Every ton taken off the river will Washington High School in Pensacola, honorary doctor of laws degrees from the Uni­ end up in either a. train or a truck thus in­ Florida, in 1937, received his bachelor of arts versity of West Florida in 1971; the Univer­ creasing the Nation's energy consumption; degree in physical education from Tuskegee sity of Akron in 1973; Virginia State College and Institute in 1942, was a graduate of the in 1974; Delaware State College in 1975; and Whereas, Inland waterway transportation Primary, Basic and Advance Flying Schools, Saint Louis University in 1976; and causes less air and noise pollution as well as Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1943, and a graduate Whereas, General James was awarded the havin~ the best safety record; and of the Air Command and Staff College, Max­ George Washington Freedoms Foundation Whereas, The iron, steel and other indus­ well Air Force Base, Alabama, in 1957; and Medal in 1967 and 1968, and received the tries in the Pittsburgh and western Penn- Whereas, in his dual capacities as Com- Arnold Air Society Eugene M. Zuckert Award CXXIV---536-Part 7 8512 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 in 1970 for outstanding contributions t:> Air on Aging, I am particularly concerned Barriers obstructing access; and Force professionalism and as to how this state of affairs effects the Inadequate services. Whereas, General Daniel "Chapple" James elderly. Certainly, older people should As a result, people can be shuffied from is survived by his widow, Mrs. Dorothy Wat­ agency to agency, and many either will not kins James; a. daughter, Mrs. Denice James have their health and social needs as­ receive the services needed or will receive Berry; and two sons, Captain Daniel James sessed and, when necessary, have appro­ them only after great or exasperating diffi­ III and Mr. Claude James: priate services delivered, monitored, and culty. (See ch. 2.) Now, Therefore, Be It Resolved by the evaluated. Many Federal agencies spend hundreds of House of Representatives of the State of Acting on this wealth of information, millions of dollars collectively each year to Mississippi, the Senate Concurring therein, Congressman PEPPER and I introduced support community information and refer­ That we do hereby extend our most sincere legislation, H.R. 11410, authorizing a ral services. Over half the total expenditures and heartfelt sympathy to the family cf Gen­ grant program for States to establish by 143 of these providers contacted by GAO eral Daniel ''Chapple" James, Jr, upon his were from various Federal agencies. passing, and publicly expre3S our belief that within communities "single entry point" These agencies pay for many fragmented he was truly a great man and that his loss programs of assessment and referral for and competing providers within individual is shared by all. the entire range of medical and social communities. Furthermore, most of them do Bo It Further Resolved, That a copy of this services needed by the Nation's chron­ not prescribe quality standards to help resolution be furnished to his widow, Mrs. ically ill and disabled elderly. We have maintain a.t least minimum levels of accept­ Dorothy Watkins James; to his childrtm, Mrs. been joined by 42 other Members of able services, with the result that Federal Denice James Berry, Ca.pta.in Daniel James Congress, namely: agencies contribute to the problems. A co­ III a.nd Mr. Claude James; to the President ordinated Federal program to deliver infor­ of the United States; to the Mississippi Con­ Mr. ANDERSON of California, Mr. mation a.nd referral efficiently and effectively gressional Delegation, Senator James 0. East­ BLOUIN, Mr. CARNEY, Mr. HANNAFORD, does not exist. (See ch. 3.) land, Senator John C. Stennis, HOIIlorable Ms. HOLTZMAN, Mr. HYDE, Mr. LA FALCE, Most Federal and local officials reached by Jamie L. Whitten, Honorable David R. Bowen, Mr. MITCHELL of Maryland, Mr. MOAK­ GAO believe that consolidating activities into Honorable G. V. Montgomery, Honorable Thad LEY, Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania, Mr. comprehensive centers, rat!:J. er than specializ­ Cochran and Honorable Trent Lott; to the PRICE, Mr. RODINO, Mr. WEAVER, Mr. ing in certain classifications, will help elimi­ Secretary of Defense, Dr. Harold Brown; to YOUNG of Missouri, Mr. BEARD of Ten­ nate fragmentation and improve the quality the Secretary of the Air Force, Mr. John of their services. Comprehensive centers Stetson; to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs nessee, Mr. SOLARZ, Mr. GUYER, Mr. could serve a.ll people and refer them to all of Staff, General GeorgeS. Brown; to the Air PANETTA, Mr. BIAGGI, Mr. CLAY, Mr. type:; of services. But consolidating infor­ Force Chief of Staff, General David C. Jones; GOODLING, Mr. JEFFORDS, Mr. ZEFERETTI, mation and referral activities into such cen­ a.nd to members of the Capitol Press Corps. Mr. MURPHY of Pennsylvania, Mr. SARA­ tern ha.s been hindered by a. lack of coordina­ Adopted by the House of Representatives, SIN, Mr. SIMO~, Mr. DOWNEY, Mr. DRI­ tion a.nd Federal leadership. (See ch. 4.) March 16, 1978. NAN, Mr. HAMMERSCHMIDT, Mr. HUGHES, Many agencies providing information a.nd Adopted by the Senate, March 21, 1978.e Ms. 0AKAR, Mr. WAXMAN, Mr. AKAKA, referral services are reluctant or unwilling to relinquish their activities and cooperate to Mr. BINGHAM, Mr. DIGGS, Mr. DUNCAN of pool resources. Centers established to con­ Tennessee, Mr. EDGAR, Mr. EILBERG, Mr. solidate activities a.nd provide comprehensive FASCELL, Mr. FRASER, Mr. ROYBAL, and servicer. have found themselves competing GAO DOCUMENTS NEED TO IM­ Mrs. SPELLMAN. with other providers for clientele a.nd appro­ PROVE HEALTH AND SOCIAL This legislation has as its goal a sys­ priations. SERVICE PROGRAMS tem of health and social service delivery Not only is this cooperation lacking, but which matches people with services­ Federal agencies have not c·oordina.ted or consolidated their a.ctiviti·es to avoid frag­ HON. WILLIAMS. COHEN the kinds of services they need when mentation, duplication, and inadequate they need them. Central to the success services. OF MAINE of our legislation is the willingness of Many of the community providers receive IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Secretary of Health, Education, and financial support from various Federal agen­ Monday, April 3, 1978 Welfare to encourage and facilitate the cies, but their local officials lack the authority use of waivers and other financial mech­ a.nd direction to c::nsolid.:lte activities. Many • Mr. COHEN. Mr. Speaker, just prior anisms between categorical programs in local officials believe that the coordinated to the Easter recess, the General Ac­ poli~y must be developed federally before counting Office released a report entitled, order for localities to pool resources in improvements can be achieved locally. Mean­ "Information and Referral for People the most advantageous manner. The while, the lack of a single Federa.J. focal point Needing Human Services-A Complex GAO reports states that "the Secretary with the responsibility and authority for co­ should play a prominent role in this ordinating Federal programs for community­ System That Should Be Improved." effort." based information and referral services con­ The report highlights the need to de­ I have taken the liberty of including tinues, and no action has been taken to de­ velop ways to consolidate existing infor­ a digest of the GAO report with my re­ velop such a. national policy and plan. mation and referral services to he!llth marks for the benefit of my colleagues. Without assigned resp::msibility to do so, and social service programs and to pro­ I recommend that they take the time Federal agencies a.re unlikely to oo:::>rdina.te mote the establishment of comprehensive information and referral programs and con­ to read the report in full. solidate funds and activities. (See ch. 5.) information and referral centers. The The GAO report follows: report characterizes our existing $100 The Director, Office of Management and billion service delivery system as one COMPTROLLER GENERAL's REPORT_ To THE Budget. in consultation with the Secretary whose effectiveness and efficiency is lost CONGRES3 of tho Department of Health, Education, and There is a. vast, complex system of human Welfare (HEW) and the heads of other Fed­ in the duplication ane fragmentation of services in the United States to meet indi­ eral agencies funding informa.tion and re­ and competition between services and viduals' needs. Many programs designed to ferral activities, should est3.blish a task force functions, which wastes resources and reduce the dependency and increase the self­ to develop, for consideration by the Con­ contributes to the high cost and inade­ sufficiency of people throughout the Nation gress, a. national policy and plan requiring quacy of existing services. For example, a.re supported by Federal, State, and local coordination between agencies to consoli­ more than a dozen programs, including governments and by private organizations. date such activities and promote the estab­ medicare, medicaid, title XX social The Federal Government spends over $100 lishment of comprehensive centers. The Sec­ billion annually to provide for services in retary of HEW should play a prominent role services and the Older Americans Act, in thic effort. provide long-term medical or supportive areas such as health, rehab111tation, employ­ ment, income maintenance, nutrition, and The policy and plan should cover: services. Each of these programs has a education. (See ch. 1.) -actions required to eliminate duplication different set of eligibility requirements Mimy agencies provide information and of information and referral services among and income limits, and often they are referral support to help people link up with Federal agencies, governed by conflicting regulations. No these human service systems. Unfortunately, -ways in which Federal resources ca.n be wonder needy citizens are frustrated in those who provide information and referral redirected and pooled with State, local, their efforts to avail themselves of their services have, themselves, become part of the and private resources to form and operate entitlements. maze to which they were supposed to offer comprehensive information a.nd referral guidance. This orderless growth has resulted centers, This report is one of 11 released within in a specialized, fragmented system charac­ -strategies that the Office of Management the last 13 months which attests to the terized by: and Budget should use to elicit the co­ need for a program of multidisciplinary Duplication of and competition between operation of Federal, State, local, and assessment and case management. As a services and functions; private organizations in emplementing the member of the House Select Committee Waste of resources; plan, and April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8513 --evaluation of whether there are better one dependent, $384.80 with two depend­ [From the San Francisco Sunday Exaininer alternatives to comprehensive centers and ents, and $439.80 with three or more and Chronicle, Mar. 12, 1978] whether they are more cost effective. dependents. FIX THE TRACKS The Community Services Administration; The Federal Government would make The neglect of railroad tracks in the the GenGral Services Administration; United payments to workers who retire before United States is a national disgrace. Dur­ Way of America; and the Departments of ing the last year, there were almost 8,000 de­ Agriculture, Housing and Urban Develop­ January 1, 1979, and the owner who em­ ployed the brown lung victim would be ra!led train accidents and 500 of those wrecks ment, and Labor agreed with GAO's findings. involved tank cars carrying dangerous chem­ The Veterans Administration expressed responsible for those that retire after icals. In the space of a. few recent days, concern that comprehensive centers might January 1, 1979. track-jumping crashes killed 20 persons and not be feasible or cost effective. The bill specifies that the authority speNed lethal gases over nearby communities. The Office of Management and Budget to make payments expires after Septem­ Some 200,000 miles of track are in service. favors doing a study of the entire human ber 30, 1983, at which time the Congress Of these, more than 44,000 miles are under service delivery system and believes informa­ would review the program based on in­ "go slow" orders because of poor track con­ tion and referral services can be considered formation provided by the Secretary of ditions. For example, Amtrak Metroliner ex­ as part of that study rather than singly. press trains run at only about half speed GAO believes that information and referral Labor. This "sunset" provision is in keep­ between New York and Washington because services constitute an entry point to the hu­ ing with the Legislative Oversight Act of the deterio:-ated railbeds in that busy man service deli very system and would pro­ of 1978 which I introduced earlier this corrido:·. vide a logical starting point for improvement session and will assure that the pro­ Airlines and trucking companies have of the entire system. gram is held responsible to the taxpay­ e3.ten up the freight and passenger-carrying HEW endorsed the general concept of com­ ers. business but railroads still play an important prehensive information and referral services. Furthermore, the Secretary of Labor role in commerce and national defense. It did express concern about the cost ef­ would have to present on October 15 of The Carter administration should take fectiveness of comprehensive information each year a report advising the Congress zb::mt $15 billion out of the defense budget­ and referral compared to existing centers and where such a relatively small sum would suggested a formal mechanism to assure as to whether or not the goals and hardly be missed-and spend it on tracks and State and local participation. (See ch. 6.) planned accomplishments of the program roa.dbeds. Along with protecting a great na­ (as spelled out in the bill) are being tional asset, the project would provide jobs met. This report would have to be writ­ for an estimated 100,000 unemployed, includ­ ten in specific, quantifiable terms and ing thousands of youths who can't find work BROWN LUNG DISEASE ACT OF include information on costs and the in private industry.e 1978 number of people screened, identified, and compensated for byssinosis. I believe we can pass this important HON. BUTLER DERRICK brown lung bill during this session of the LABOR GROUPS JOIN CONSUMERS OF SOUTH CAROLINA 95th Congress and, by doing so, demon­ IN SUPPORT OF FAMILY FARMERS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES strate to our constituents, especially Monday, April 3, 1978 those that work in the cotton industry, HON. FREDERICK W. RICHMOND that we are concerned about their health e Mr. DERRICK. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ and well-being.e OF NEW YORK troducing today the Brown Lung Disease IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Act of 1978. Monday, April 3, 1978 There are more than 800,000 Ameri­ FIX THE '!~RACKS cans involved in the processing of cotton 8 Mr. RICHMOND. Mr. Speaker, the fiber, and every one of these workers financial difficulties faced today by daily faces the threat of brown lung HON. JOHN L. BURTON America's family farmers affect all seg­ disease. At least 35,000 workers are esti­ OF CALIFORNIA ments of our economy. They reach all mated to be suffering from byssinosis, or IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the way to urban consumers, who bear brown lung disease. Monday, April 3, 1978 the brunt of high food prices even though A shortness of breath, a tightness in farmers are not making a profit and in the chest, and decreased lung function e Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, m~ny case3 are losing money. are caused by brown lung. The dust in­ the wave of recent freight train derail­ As the only urban member of the volved with all operations of the cotton ments which killed 22 people in Tennes­ House Agriculture Co_!Iliilittee, I have industry can affect workers adversely see and Florida has once again under­ long advocated that consumers and after only a year and can cause disabling scored the deteriorated condition of this farmers join together to end this eco­ effects within 7 years. This is permanent country's railroad tracks. They are both nomic injustice. I am pleased to note damage which no drug or treatment can a national disgrace and a threat to that the ~IO Executive Council, reverse. human lives. representing many of our Nation's labor Brown lung has been recognized as a Although the shipment of dangerous unions, is also concerned about the plight danger since the early 18 century, when or explosive substances in large rail of the family farmer. Bernardino Ramazzinni noted a hacking tank cars compounds the threat pre­ I would like to share with my col­ cough among flax and hemp workers. sented by deteriorated railbeds and leagues a recent statement by the AFL­ The problem was traced to cotton dust, crowded rail corridors, the majority of CIO Executive Council expressing their which still today permeates the atmos­ the problems can still be traced to over­ support of efforts by Congress to solve phere around workers in the cotton in­ all track conditions. the farm crisis. I hope my urban col­ dustry. Federal reports show that in 1976 there leagues will remember this vital support Brown lung is a specific chronic res­ were close to 8,000 train derailments and by the AFL-CIO as we vote on many crit­ piratory disorder that results from the about one a day involved some shipment ical bills affecting both our rural and action of cotton dust on the respiratory of hazardous substances. One of the urban areas this coming year. passages. Its effects can lead to chronic causes for these accidents is the deterio­ The statement follows: obstructive lung disease, with the em­ rating track. While the railroads have St.PPORT FOR FAMILY FARMERS ployee losing up to 75 percent of his or been putting money into track repairs, The plight of America's family farmers her breathing capacity. The disease also much more is needed. is more serious today than at any time since kills. The San Francisco Sunday Examiner the dust bowl, but the crisis today is man­ My bill would provide benefits to active and Chronicle recently ran their idea in made, not a natural disaster. The growth of and retired workers who are totally dis­ an editorial suggesting that some funds corporate farming, insufficient regulation of commodity speculators and international abled due to byssinosis. Benefits would should be pared out of the defense budg­ grain traders, and high interest rates have also be available to dependents of work­ et and spent on railroad tracks and created a. blight for farmers far worse than ers who were totally disabled by the dis­ roadbeds. I think that the editors have any nature could apply. ease at the time of their death. an idea which merits the attention of At the same time, right-wing and corporate Under my proposal, compensation rates my colleague3 in Congress and I would interests, working through the ultra-conserv­ would be set at $219.80 a month for a like t-o submit their March 12 editorial ative, big business-oriented Farm Bureau worker with no dependents, $329.80 with here: Federation, have launched a. propaganda at- 8514 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 tack against the labor movement designed to possible they will get their way despite Congressmen have signed the resolution ask­ alienate family farmers from their traditional the overwhelming resistance of gra,c:;s­ ing for a House vote has been pretty gen­ allies. Throughout American poiftical his­ roots America. erally ignored by the press. The New York tory, alliances between workers and family Times did report on March 3 that the num­ farmers have forged progressive social and The best example of this interlacing ber of Congressmen backing this resolution economic programs to benefit average Amer­ of corporate directors is one of the was up to 227, but this was the only mention icans. The traditional bond between workers treaty negotiators himself, Sol Linowitz, of this that we have seen in any of the major and family farmers must not be allowed to who at the time of his appointment was media. This story noted that not all of the be severed by cheap politiool propaganda. a member of the boards of Marine Mid­ co-sponsors of the resolution would vote The new movement in rural America, land Bank, Pan American Airways, and against the transfer. American Agricultural Movement--like the Time magazine. To illustrate how this However, when the Scripps League tally of cooperative movement before it and the management and censorship is working, how the House would vote was released a long-standing, progressive family farm or­ week later, The New York Times was one of ganizations-deserves the support and assist­ I submit the following excellent -com­ many, many papers that ignored the story. ance of the labor movement. The AAM has mentary dated for release April 8, 1978, The story was carried on the wires of United called a farm strike as a last resort, in the by Mr. Reed Irvine, chairman of the Press International on March 10. I checked same way that union workers are sometimes board of Accuracy in Media, a news over twenty newspapers and could find only forced to strike. The AAM sees no other way monitoring organization based in Wash­ one that printed the information that Lee to achieve quick government action to assist ington, D.C. Roderick had so painstakingly compiled. family farmers. Family farmers are threat­ The commentary follows: That was the Des Moines Register. ened by corporate and foreign takeover of This is the kind of behavior on the part farm land, which would also leave consumers PRESS IGNORES POLL OF HOUSE ON PANAMA of the news media that causes leaders of at the mercy of corporate monopolies and CANAL the anti-treaty forces such as Senator Grlffin absentee landowners. WASHINGTON.-! have pointed out in this of Michigan to charge that the pro-treaty Obviously the farm strike is a legitimate space before that over half of the members leanings of the news media have resulted in exercise of their right as Americans to with­ of the House of Representatives have signed biased coverage of this great debate.e hold their labor when conditions are unfair. a resolution calling for a vote in the House Just as we believe that workers are entitled on the disposition of the Panama. Canal Zone to a fair wage for their labors, we believe and the U.S. property located there. The farmers are entitled to a fair return for their House has no constitutional right to vote labors. on treaties, but Article IV of the Constitu­ AN EXAMINATION OF THE U.S. Therefore, the AFL-CIO pledges to work tion states: "The Congress shall have power SALT POSTURE with labor's traditional allies in the farm to dispose of and make all needful rules and community in the pursuit of that goal. We regulations respecting the territory or other urge the Congress and the Administration property belonging to the United States." HON. JACK F. KEMP to seek speedy, effective solutions to the In the past, when territory that was origi­ OF NEW YORK crisis in American agriculture tailored to nally included in the Canal Zone has been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES meet the needs of the family farmer but turned over to Panama, approval of the denied to corporate farmers and to commod­ House of Representatives has been sought in Monday, April 3, 1978 ity speculators. Finally, we urge our state nearly every case. These transfers involved central bodies to continue to work with the e Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the United property that was insignificant compared States is far advanced in its attempts to family farm organizations in their state in to what is now being proposed-giving the pursuit of mutual goals.e entire Canal Zone and nearly everything in negotiate a second sound SALT agree­ it to Panama. ment to replace the 1972 accords standoff positions in circumstances-and assuming punctlUous the 1980s is debatable. Neither the Defense the face of steady outward expansion of Soviet adherence to such basically unveri­ Department nor the SALT II opposition ex­ Soviet air defense capabilities. Recent intel­ fiable commitments as to forego MIRVing of pects SLBMs to achieve hard-target kill ca­ ligence analyses suggest convincingly that single RV systems and not to seek a silo re­ pablllties within the lifespan of SALT II. Soviet technology wm soon permit moving load capablllty-the throw-weight chasm can The prospect of solving the command and the air defense perimeter much farther out be expected to widen significantly under control problem of the Fleet Ball1stic Mis­ to sea, possibly up to 1,900 kilometers. Such SALT II. Mr. Nitze estimated that by 1985 sile force remains dim, in the view of most a development, obviously, would relegate the Soviet throw-weight aggregate residing technical experts. Some defense analysts be­ first-generation cruise missiles launched in their ICBMs will approach 8,000,000 lieve, therefore, that the role assigned to from nonpenetrating platforms to a state pounds which would translate into about strategic submarines may have to be modi­ of uselessness, especially if linked to mas­ 5,000 RVs, each with a yield several times fied by curtailing their patrol area or using sive Soviet deployment of the seven- to that of the U.S. warheads. U.S. throw-weight, them as a highly survivable strategic reserve, fifteen-mile range, low-altitude Soviet he predicted, wlll be 1,250,000 pounds assum­ instead of as part of the cutting edge of stra­ SA-X-10 surface-to-air missiles system. ing that the number of Minutemen III re­ tegic deterrence. Historical experience supports the argu­ mains at 550 and is not reduced----as is At this writing, it appears that the Soviets ment that ground yielded in agreements likely-to accommodate additional bombers will be authorized about 400 MIRVed SLBMs, with the Soviets is next to impossible to re­ and SLBMs. assuming that they deploy their quota of 820 gain. The Administration's plan to extend The consequences of this throw-weight im­ MIRVed ICBMs. Neither SALT II nor the ALCM's range after expiration of the Proto­ balance, when coupled with normal, evolu­ three-year-protocol appears to place specific col-if so required-can be seen as doubly tionary improvements in Soviet warhead ac­ restrictions on deployment of the new Tri­ weak since the Soviet Union will not be curacy, could be decisive. Congressman Kemp dent submarine or its Soviet counterpart, required to reduce the aggregate of its nu­ calculates that under the terms of the tenta­ the twenty to twenty-four launch-tube clear delivery vehicles until that very time. tively approved SALT II Joint Draft Text, the TYPHOON. As Mr. Nitze asked rhetorically: "Is it in­ Soviets could develop a capabllity to destroy The US appears to be handicapped some­ conceivable that in the event we do not wish up to 4,331 U.S. targets with a blast resist­ what, however, because the new Soviet to renew certain provisions of the Protocol ance of 1,000 pounds per square inch, the SSNX-18 SLBM, thought to have a range when it expires the Soviets might see some approximate hardness of some Minuteman close to 6,000 miles, came in under the wire necessity to review the treaty terms?" whereas the US Navy's proposed Trident II silos. "This figure is four times the number Critics of pertinent SALT II formulations of such targets in the United States [hence SLBM of equal range did not. Trident I can be tested and deployed, but its range see another catch in connection with air­ the U.S.] has agreed to terms that not only launched cruise missiles. These intermediate­ eliminate the Minuteman ICBM system as a of about 4,000 miles does not permit launch from home ports against Soviet targets. range weapons, contrary to some portrayals, viable element of our deterrent in the 1980s, are not independent from their launching but also undermine [the Administration's] Some terms affecting heavy bombers and cruise missiles are st111 fluid at this writing. platform. The viability of the bomber/ cruise plan to use 747-type aircraft to carry cruise missile system depends on a number of fac­ missiles, because these aircraft can only use It seems certain, however, that the Soviet 150 bases, or less, in the entire U.S. because Backfire strategic bomber, contrary-accord­ tors: The prelaunch survivability of the of the great weight of the aircraft." ing to Represents.tive Beard-to the Joint bombers; sufficient hardness of the bombers Mr. Nitze suggested that once Soviet ac­ Chiefs of Staff recommendation, will not be to survive enemy barrage bombing of their curacy approaches 0.15 miles, about ninety covered by SALT II. Neither apparently wm escape routes; the ab111ty of the bombers to percent of the US ICBM silos could be de­ the ninety to 100 heavy Soviet bombers-­ penetrate close enough to the target with­ stroyed if the Soviets target two RVs on each with bomb bays intact-that have been out getting shot down; the ability to launch sUe. Such an attack would draw down the modified for reconnaissance and antisub­ enough ALCMs to overload the defenses; Soviet ICBM force by "less than half of the marine warfare missions. SALT II critics re­ and, lastly, the capacity of the cruise missile MIRVed ICBM RVs they are expected to have port that the Backfire's exemption came to penetrate area and terminal defenses and available by 1985. If and when their accuracy about through Soviet willingness to declare, to strike the target with enough accuracy to approximates a tenth of a mile, around informally and outside the treaty language, destroy it. With the B-1 canceled, the pro­ ninety percent of our silos would be vulner­ that the weapon would not be used in a posed FB-111H program scuttled by Con­ able to an attack by a single RV against fashion threatening the United States and gress before it got off the ground, and the each silo, provided that additional RVs are that the present production rate would not Backfire getting a free ride from SALT II. programmed to substitute for missiles that be increased. There appears to be a colossal the cruise missile equation takes on a totally fail during their launch phase." If, on the catch, however: The Soviets, for reasons new meaning. On the strength of the Admin­ other hand, the US were to launch all 550 known only to themselves, refuse to say what istration's SALT proposals for sublimits Minuteman Ills against Soviet silos and "as­ that rate is. within the 1,320 MIRVed weapons ce111ng it suming improved accuracy and the substi­ As yet unresolved is the question of is being assumed that the US plans to equip tution of MK-12A for MK-12 RVs, ... it is whether or not US B-52s in protective about 120 B-52s with ACLMs. unlikely that we could destroy more than storage wm count against the SALT limit, As Mr. Nitze argued convincingly, it would sixty percent of them," Mr. Nitze estimated. unless, of course, they are destroyed volun­ be unlikely that more than about fifty per­ A senior Defense official did not deny the tarily. At this writing, Administration wit­ cent of the B-52s would be on continuous basic accuracy of Mr. Nitze's contentions. He nesses are briefing Congress on what is billed alert or that more than about seventy per­ did challenge, however, the importance that as a major, last-minute Soviet concession cent could be maintained at full readiness SALT II opponents ascribe to narrow com­ concerning cruise missiles. A SALT II stick­ during crisis periods requiring fully-gen­ parisons of Soviet vs. US MmVed ICBMs, ing point, heretofore, had been definition of erated strategic forces. From the Soviet per­ without regard to the capab111ties inherent cruise missile range. These low-flying sub­ spective, the picture looks considerably in the other components of the strategic sonic weapons obviously are affected by wind brighter. There are no US air defenses to Triad. Saving ICBMs per se should not be a and other environmental factors as well as speak of, and the Backfire arsenal can be sine qua non of SALT II, in the Administra­ being vulnerable to Soviet air defenses and. proliferated with impunity. (Even conserva­ tion's view. Rather, he said, the US objective therefore, must be programmed to fly around tive CIA estimates foresee a force of 400 of is to reach terms that permit the US-if nec­ SAM concentrations. Thus, in typical these advanced strategic bombers.) If this essary-as much payload, as much hard­ scenarios they will cover about twenty-five assumption is correct, two conditions would target klll capability, and as effective a deter­ percent more distance than the straight­ obtain that threaten to negate US plans for rent capabUity as that of the Soviets. The line from launch points to targets. Reported­ maintaining strategic stabllity: The Soviet means for retaining relative balance are to be ly, the Soviets have agreed now to define Union, within the next few years, would be the air-launched cruise missiles (ALCM) range in light of practical conditions. During able to deliver substantially more megaton­ and SLBMs, according to the Defense De­ the life of the. three-year Protocol, test and nage on the US with its bomber force than partment. ALCM's accuracy and range al­ deployment and cruise missiles with a range this country could bring to bear on the legedly will be sufficient to destroy Soviet of more than 2.500 kilometers is forbidden. USSR, and the component of the US strategic ICBM silos if they are being reloaded with By implication, the door is left open to in­ forces counted on to offset the Soviet lead spare missiles in violation of the agreement, crease that range once the Protocol expires in ICBMs-the bomber/ cruise missile sys­ the senior Defense official said. Congressional in case changes in Soviet air defenses make tem-turns out to be a deficit position itself. experts on strategic warfare a:-e sceptical it necessary. SALT II critics view this Hence this dire warning by Mr. Ni tze: "Under about the practicality of such an approach. approach with apprehension if not alarm for the now most likely provisions of a SALT II CURBS ON SLBMS AND BOMBERS a number of reasons. agreement we run a high risk of having no It is likely that the SLBM balance will The Joint Chiefs reportedly opposed from B-1, no cruise missiles adequate in numbers continue to slightly favor the US. There is the outset initial range restrictions of and range to penetrate Soviet defenses, no April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8517 follow-on to the aging Minuteman Ill, and therefore inconsequential, have provided LOCAL PUBLIC WORKS-ROUND I an SLBM force at sea of [fewer] than twenty­ SALT with an unstoppable momentum. Even Needless to say, the administration of five boats, each constituting four percent of the most vocal critics of SALT are resigned Round I of the LPW Program did not enjoy our only reliable deterrent power and thus to its inevitability. Most of them are re­ a favorable review during the oversight hear­ worth enormous Soviet effort to negate." solved-if the accord is ratified by the Sen­ ings last year. The record showed a clear dis­ SINGLING OUT THEATER WEAPONS ate-to concentrate efforts on assuring that satisfaction on the part of many public all the steps permitted the US in maintain­ officials concerning, among other things, the Another late Soviet concession, seen as ing perceived essential equivalence in the fu­ major by SALT II supporters, is the agree­ eligib111ty criteria which allowed some local ture will indeed be taken. There is consensus governments to use the higher unemploy­ ment to permit testing ground-launched that the first and most crucial step here (GLCM) and sea-launched (SLCM) cruise ment data of a neighboring jurisdiction to must be MX, the system that Representative improve their own chances of receiving a missiles over a distance of up to 2,500 kilo­ Beard predicts would demonstrate to the meters from ground-based launchers. This grant. Another widely criticized provision Soviets "the folly of an arms race [thus was the 70 %-30% split of Round I funds. "concession" does not seem to affect in any causing them] to accept an equitable SALT way, however, the prohibition of deploying These two aspects of the program are not now agreement which would contribute to long­ really significant, since the Economic Devel­ such weapons with a range greater than 600 term strategic stability and world peace."e kilometers. The fact that these theater weap­ opment Administration revised its Round II procedures and eliminated both provisions ons are an element of SALT n is curious of from the allocation formula. itself. The Soviet SS-20, a new MIRVed mo­ One point related to the administration of bile, intermediate ballistic missile with a. Round I which is worth focusing on, how­ range of well over 4,000 kilometers, is not OPINION SUBMITTED ON PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAM ever, is the charge by many big city officials counted under SALT II rules, even though that smaller communities received a dispro­ its erectors/launchers can accommodate the portionately high level of funding. While it clearly intercontinental SS-16 from which is acknowledged that some localities did re­ it differs only by deletion of one of the latter's HON. FRED B. ROONEY OF PENNSYLVANIA ceive substantial grants in consideration of three stages. Ditto for the Backfire, por­ their relatively small population, a look at trayed by the Soviets as a theater weapon, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES figures provided by EDA officials in January despite its duel capability due to its inter­ Monday, April 3, 1978 1977 shows that, on a national scale, urban continental range. There is little doubt areas were not shortchanged. Sixty-five per­ among congressional experts on NATO, and • Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, on March cent of the Round I funds went to localities US and European NATO commanders and 10, 1978, one of my constituents sub­ within Standard Metropolitan Statistical analysts, that a 600-kilometer ground­ mitted testimony to two subcommittees Areas (SMSAs). In my own state of Penn­ launched cruise missile is not cost-effective of the House Committee on Public Works sylvania, 28.9 percent of the total allocation and will not be built. Pershing lis present went to the cities of Philadelphia and Pitts­ ran~ exceeds the proposed GLCM limit and and Transportation. These two subcom­ In­ burgh, while only 6.9 percent went to 12 could be extended to about 2,500 kilometers mittees, Economic Development and rural counties. These non-metropolitan areas without degrading the weapons high ac­ vestigations and Review, were holding received $5.8 million to alleviate an unem­ curacy, and without being hamstrung by oversight hearings on the local public ployment rate of 7.39 percent and to lower SALT II, congressional analysts point out. works program of the Economic Develop­ the number of unemployed workers from a GLCM/SLCM weapons are embroiled in an­ ment Administration. Mr. H. Robert total of 51,079. Pittsburgh, by comparison, other SALT II dispute, the so-called non­ Daws, chairman of the board of super­ received $11 million to cope with a similar circumvention and nontransfer clauses cov­ visors of Palmer Township, Northampton unemployment rate of 7.16 percent and 45,532 ering technologies of potentially strategic County, Pa., was asked by the National unemployed workers. ut111ty. The Soviet contention is that US An examination of the Round I program transfer of such technologies to its allies-in Association of Towns and Townships (NATaT) to submit this testimony be­ nationally shows similar findings. However, the main satellite-derived terrain data used the objections of the big city mayors about to keep cruise missiles on course, and high­ cause he serves as chairman of the exec­ the supposed small-town bias, and the at­ energy fuel technology--could lead to a cir­ utive committee of the Pennsylvania tendant media coverage which they received, cumvention of SALT because one or more State Association of Township Supervis­ had a profound effect on the administration NATO powers could build GLCMs with a ors. Mr. Daws was accompanied by Mr. of Round II. range greater than 600 kilometers. US will­ Barton D. Russell, NATaT's executive ingness to entertain Soviet requests to shut ABSOLUTE NUMBERS OF UNEMPLOYED out US allies has caused a rift between this director. As indicated in testimony presented last nation and its European allies. As a prom­ NATaT is a federation which repre­ year to the Economic Development Subcom­ inent congressional source told Air Force sents public officials from over 13,000 mittee by a representative of the National Magazine, "The notion that we tell our al­ communities around the country. Association of Towns and Townships, NATaT lies, 'No, we can't give you the information Through its national support center in voiced its opposition to EDA's project selec­ needed to help offset the widening Warsaw tion criteria for Round II, which empha­ Washington, NATaT provides assistance sized the absolute number of unemployed Pact lead because we have made common to cause with our mutual adversary,' boggles the local governments on a wide variety people living within an applicant's jurisdic­ mind." of public management matters. tion. This ranking factor provided for an THE VERIFICATION PROBLEM The National Association of Towns obvious urban tilt and discriminated un­ SALT n critics uniformly view the lack of and Townships is unique among Wash­ fairly against smaller, less densely populated ington-based public interest groups in communities. verification-beginning with the Soviet re­ We recognize that a system which places fusal to disclose essential information about that it is the only one comprised predom­ inantly of smaller communities. those total emphasis on an applicant's unemploy­ their strategic capabilities, including num­ ment rate would not be equitable either, and bers and performance characteristics-as a under 50.000 in population. Considering if there is to be another round in the LPW potentially fatal fiaw of SALT II as it stands that well over one-half of all Americans Program, we urge EDA officials to develop an today. Even under the best of circumstances, live in such localities, NATaT provides appropriate and fairer mid-point between compliance with SALT terms is difficult to the focus for a vital intergovernmental these two major application rating factors. verify. Verification becomes impossible if what is to be limited and the nature of the perspective. PROJECT LOCATION ERRORS limitation have not been clearly defined. The following is Mr. Daws' testi­ One serious problem with the adminis­ "How do you determine," Mr. Nitze and other mony: tration of Round II of the LPW program critics have asked, "that a new missile having My township of Palmer, located in eastern related to EDA's inability in some cases to the throw-weight of an SS-19 and carrying Pennsylvania, has a combination of urban, distinguish certain units of local govern­ the SS-19 bus, but with a single RV, is not suburban and rural characteristics, and a ment, such as townships, from-other munici­ capable of being deployed as a MIRVed mis­ rapidly growing population of 15,000. Palmer palities within the same county which had sile? How do you determine that retired mis­ is the site of nearly 300 businesses and has a similar name or a different postal address. siles, or missiles taken out of retired launch­ the second largest industrial concentration As Congressman Roe knows, this caused prob­ ers, or extra newly produced missiles are not in Northampton County. lems in his own state of New Jersey, as stockpiled and available for relatively prompt We are honored to have been invited to well as in the states of Michigan, Ohio, New deployment on soft pads or reloaded in these hearings by Chairman Roe to provide York and, indeed, in my state of Pennsyl­ launchers using the cold launch technique." the Subcommittees with the perspective of vania. In fact, this problem affected my This late in the SALT game it is not likely smaller communities in general, and town­ township of Palmer directly. that the fundamental tone of the pending ships in particular, concerning the Local Palmer Township filed two applications agreement can be changed. The near-mystic Public Works Program. We would like to under Round I, both of which were "shelved" belief that any arms accord is better than thank both Chairman Roe and Chairman until Round II. Because our township does none, linked to the notion that nuclear war Ginn for the opportunity to comment on this not have its own post office, the mailing is unthinkable and strategic asymmetries very important subject. address listed on our application was Eas- 8518 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 ton, Pennsylvania, a small city near Palmer. cities. It recognizes that many ~:mall com­ hattan as an ethnic borough, boasting the According to a study done by the U.S. Gen­ munities are managed by part-time elected highest percentage of foreign-born stock of eral Accounting Office in August 1977, this otficials such as myself. The administration any borough (more than 50 per cent), al­ type of situation was what caused the pro­ of a. Small community LPW Program could though Brooklyn has a higher absolute gram administration ditficulties: "Appar­ provide for simplicity, less red tape, and number. ently, the grant application did not call specialized technical assistance efforts. A The ethnic communities of Queens are for the address of the project or otherwise Small Communities set-aside should, or more varied than ever. The borough stlll identify its location, but instead only re­ course, be funded on a fair and equitable has the traditional white ethnic groups of quired the applicant's address-and the two basis. yesteryear: the Jews of Forest Hills and were not always the same." Again, I would like to thank Chairman Roe Rochdale, the Italians of Ozone Park, the While we know it is not within the pur­ and Chairman Ginn, on behalf of the Na­ Irish of Flushing and Bayside, the Germans view of tlie·· Subcommittees, we believe this tional Association of Towns and Townships, of Woodhaven. But many of the older problem could easily be solved by develop­ for providing us the opportunity to share groups have been forced to make room for ing separate and distinct Zip Codes to iden­ our experiences and viewpoints relative to the newer ones. tify each municipality or political subdivi­ the Local Public Works Program. Both sub­ Astoria is a case in point. A generation sion within each state. Such an approach committees and their respective staffs should ago the main ethnic group was Italian and, would allow the identification of local gov­ be commended for their dlligent and un­ although that group is stlll numerous, tiring efforts to improve the program itself a Greek presence is making itself felt. ernment bodies in much the same way as and the National economy as a whole. Social Security numbers identify individuals. Indeed a reslllent, lively and exciting Greek­ Thank you.e American enclave of 60,000 has surfaced, re­ Short of such a major operational change plete with its family nightclubs featuring in current postal practices, NATaT suggests belly dancers, its kaffensions, which serve that EDA's computers be programed in a IN MULTI-ETHNIC QUEENS, THE thick Greek coffee, and its Greek Orthodox manner similar to the program used by the FAMILY IS MANKIND churches, such as the venerable Transfigura· Otfice of Revenue Sharing. The ORS system tion of Christ Church, the center of many allows for direct communication and coordi­ social and cultural activities. Moreover, it is nation between the central omce and all gen­ a true Greek community, keenly aware of its eral local governments, large and small. HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL OF NEW YORK roots. During the recent time of trouble in E.D.A. AND PUBLIC WORKS-A POSITIVE PROGRAM Cyprus, a Greek-American ice-cream truck While it is easy to criticize a program such IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in Astoria had a large photo of the late presi­ as LPW for certain perceived inequities and Monday, April 3, 1978 dent Archbishop Makarios taped to its side. deficiencies, the Nat~oma.l Association of A young, vigorous community, its people Towns and Townships believes that the pro­ e Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, I work long days at their jobs, invest in and gram represents a pioneering countercyclical wish to share with my colleagues an in­ improve their homes and vitalize community effort. EDA should be commended for its ef­ formative article that well illustrates the organizations. fectiveness in processing so quickly the many ethnic diversity of Queens. The piece, Woodside is another example of a chang­ thousands of applications it received and which was written by Salvatore LaGu­ ing Queens neighborhood. During the 1950s, getting the money to the communities where mina, appeared in Newsday on March 5, the neighborhood was populated largely by it has been used to provide jobs and fund 1978. It describes the borough as a ka­ Irish-Americans and to a lesser extent Ger­ projects that otherwise would hav~ been im­ man-Americans. In 1955, for example, wood­ possible. leidoscope of ethnic groups and the new side Public School II was approximately 97 Our township of Palmer, in particular, is heart of New York City's melting pot. per cent Irish, Northern European and grateful for the support of this program, The article follows: Anglo-Saxon. Today that same school is per­ which has had a catalytic effect upon our IN MULTI-ETHNIC QUEENS, THE FAMILY Is haps only 3 per cent Irish and the Northern community despite the low level of funding MANKIND European-Anglo-Saxon cast has given way received. Through a positive federal and local "All in the Family," the hit television show to a student body covering an ethnic spec­ partnership, we were able to take "off the of recent years, revolves around the fears and trum from oriental to Latin, encompassing shelf" a major development plan for a 94- prejudices of Archie Bunker, a bigoted white blacks, Chinese, Cubans, Japanese, Puerto acre industrial site which had been dormant American living in a row house off Northern Ricans, Koreans, Indians, Colombians, for several years due to a lack or start-up Boulevard in Queens. In weekly episodes Brazillans, Venezuelans, Fillpinos, Rus­ funds. As a result of the 1:lexibtlity under viewers are regaled or angered by incidents sians and Ecuadorians. The sympoms of Round n regulations which allowed local of­ in the life of the Bunker household, which ethnic change are evident in the shops that ficials to set their own priorities, Palmer was frequently show the narrow-minded famlly dot Roosevelt Avenue: Colombian restau­ able to initiate construction of a tower which, head venting his spleen against ethnic groups rants, Spanish bodegas, Korean supermarkets in turn, allowed the Industrial Development with choice epithets. and Irish bars. Corporation to construct a water distribution For some, the changing ethnic environ­ Over the years, th~ show has been criticized system. Ultimately the LPW grant we re­ by people sincerely rankled by such crude ment has brought upheaval. Thus in 1972 ceived from EDA w111 result in the develop­ reminders of ethnic prejudice; yet its de­ the predominantly Jewish community of ment of an expanded industrial site which fenders are quick to point out that the show's Forest Hills proffered the astonishing spec­ wlll provide much-needed job and business success reflects the willingness of the aver­ tacle of a liberal middle-class community opportunities for our citizens. age American to deal with the reality of eth­ fighting the building of a housing project, L.P.W.; A FEDERAL ASSISTANCE PROTOTYPE FOR nic pluralism in our Inidst. seeming thereby to align itself against racial THE FUTURE integration. The neighborhood of better-off Whatever the viewpoint, one can acknowl­ Coll§ervative and Orthodox Jews resisted the The National Association of Towns and edge that, in selecting Queens as a labora­ Townships believes that the local Public -project because they equated the low-cost tory for ethnic diversity in our times, the scattered-housing project with an inevitable Works Program is a one-of-a-kind federal producers of ''All in the Famlly" were not program which works and works well. We increase in crime. What made the situation far from the mark: Queens is indeed a poly­ even more astonishing was the fact that it believe that 1-t has been and can continue to glot borough. Ethnic diversity has been a be federal assistance effort which effectively pitted a Jewish population that tradition­ a characteristic of the borough's history for ally supported integration against blacks, stimulates the local and therefore the na­ many years. tional economy-as it is necessary. who were expected to be the largest ethnic Half a centuy ago the population mix of group to be introduced into the neighbor­ NATaT encourages the subcommittees to the county was represented by considerable hood as a result of the project. consider legislation providing for at least a concentrations of Germans, Irish, Italians, The Itallan-Americans of Corona who set­ third round and possibly establishing a per­ Austrians and Russians. Currently, however, tled the area early in the century, many manent LPW Program. Certainly in light or the ethnic mix reflects the addition of newer building their own one- and two-fainily the vast numb.er of previous applications for peoples who were hardly found in the U.S. homes, found themselves confronted with a assistance there can be no doubt that a tre­ Census Bureau statistics of 1920: Greeks, Lindsay administration plan calllng for con­ mendous need exists. Filipinos, Haitians, Koreans, Dominicans. struction of a public high school that would A SMALL COMMUNITIES SET-ASmE More than any other part of New York have destroyed the heart of the closely-knit If future rounds of the program are pro­ City, one can conclude that Queens today community. They resisted successfully; the vided for, NATaT also recommends the con­ is the real center of the city's melting pot, plans were changed, although a number of sideration of a special set-aside of public to use an overused and inaccurate phrase. Italian-Americans concluded they could no works dollars for smaller communities under The Manhattan of old sported recognizable longer remain in the neighborhood. 50,000 in population. The program could ethnic neighborhoods, such as Chinatown, Problems of adjustment are perceived not theoretically be similar in intent to the the Lower East Side (Jewish), Little Italy only by the population o! ethnic neighbor­ smaller community program provided for by and Yorktown (German), all presenting hoods but also by the newcomers, who re­ the Community Development Act of 1977. visible evidence of high percentages of ethnic allze only too well the obstacles before them This approach recognizes that smaller com­ groups and accordingly honored in song and as they try to obtain a foothold in society. munities are different in nature from large story. But today Queens has replaced Man- The problem of finding adequate housing April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8519 is especially serious for darker-skinned eth­ candidates most strapped for funds, but in- tion days to build 156 new ships and mod­ nic groups, along with the difiiculties in cumbents and others who are already well ernize 20 existing ones, the President and the cbtaining the full array of educational and known or waging highly publicized fights for Pentagon propose 70 new ships and 13 mod­ other services. Thus issues dealing with bi­ vacant seats. Spending reports on the 1976 erniza.tions; of these, only 46 would be com­ lingualism in schools, minority representa­ House campaigns suggests that an average ba.tant vessels. tion in the school systems and social service House incumbent could easily qualify for a. Thus, the 800-ship Navy thought necessary agencies and opportunities for job advance­ $50,000 grant, while an average challenger to defend American interests around the . ment are among the things they worry about. might be able to match only $25,000 or so. world is being whittled down to a 375-ship For Queens, what is remarkable is that, The plan would promote equity in some Navy designed, not for mastery of the seas, on the whole, the borough remains a de­ cases, but this aspect, too, has severe fia.ws. but merely for the convoy duty that admin­ sirable place to live. I hope that the older It would give candidates extra. public aid if istration strategies have assigned it. ethnic groups come to see the newcomers their opponents benefit from large independ- In direct contrast with our weakened Navy as enriching and vitalizing forces, just as ent outlays by interest groups, or decide to is the Russian drive for overwhelming sea they and their parents enriched and en­ forego the subsidies and spend more than power. As we have cut back our fieet, the livened the Queens of half a century ago. $150,000 in private funds. There are several Soviets have doubled and redoubled theirs; To the extent they are able to do so they will things wrong with that. It makes the judg- with 981 ships to our 462, they are about have relegated Archie Bunker to the past.e ment that some kinds of constitutionally twice as strong in every warship category protected_ political activity-free spending-__t apply to us. seek to make the laws should be the ultimate Widely held as this assumption is, only IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES criterion and prime factor in deciding who a few educated men care to state it quite as Monday, April 3, 1978 should be entrusted with the duty to gov­ bluntly as I have done here. ern. In our educational system, the study of e Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, a Economically the answer to social justice history occupies a highly respected place. 'project of the League of Republican does not lie in a redistribution of wealth Our scholars, armed with the methods of Women of the District of Columbia is, but instead in an equitable distribution of modern science, have gathered an immense wealth. Very simply-a "just" wage for amount of historical facts, uncovered the in my opinion, worthy of commendation. secrets l:>f long buried cultures, and bared It is an annual Lincoln essay contest, a "just" labor. In that context both the em­ ployee and the employer share mutual re­ the most intimate details of men's lives program initiated this year in a special spect for each others contribution to society. throughout the millenia of civilized exist­ invitation to seniors of public, private, Neither feels disadvantaged and the oppor­ ence. We know more about history than any and parochial schools of the District of tunity is always present for one to decide and all generations before us. · Columbia. This year's winner was just how much time, and effort he wishes Yet the question need be asked: Do we Stephen Gander, a student at St. John's to expend to bring about the economic con­ fully understand the many things we know? ditions under which he desires to live. In­ Are we so confident of the power which High School. The award was postponed knowledge t>f the past gives us that we need from February to March because of this dividual freedom and initiative are para­ mount, but also important is "just" remu­ not fear repeating the fatal mistakes of the year's weather, but the presentation was neration for one's efforts. past, the "dead" civilizations? made on March 6. It is a pleasure to .in­ The Founding Fathers were deeply steeped clude the winning essay at this point, in Socially, we should rededicate ourselves in the history of ancient Greece and Rome. to " ... the proposition that all men are Not a few among them were able to read the the RECORD. The essay follows: created equal." Morally we know this to be ABRAHAM LINCOLN'S COMMITMENT TO CIVIL works of Plato and Thucydides, and of Livy true. Regardless of race, creed, or ethnic and Tacitus in the original texts. AND HUMAN RIGHTS AND OUR RESPONSmiL­ origin all men have the same basic human ITY TO PRESERVE THESE RIGHTS Their political ideas were shaped not only needs and desires. Why then should one by the pl:>litical thinkers of the 17th and Rights-individual rights, equal rights, hu- group be singled out as superior or "dif­ 18th centuries-as, for example, Locke and man rights, civil rights-all of these phrases ferent"? What insecurity or fear causes Hume who, themselves, drew upon the have ta.ken on specific and often individual­ hatred and bitterness? These questions Greek and Roman experience--but also by istic meanings, yet they really convey one should constantly be addressed and de­ their own schooling in the history of Roman major concept. Two words envelop this con­ bated, so that by raising each other's con­ statecraft. cept completely. The world has sought it sciousness we all may begin to see in our neighbor the reflection of God. Indeed, the concept of the "separation of since time immemorial. Writers, philoso­ powers" which inspired the making of the phers, and statesmen have often defined, These basic ideas are not new, but if they American Constitution probably derived debated, and discussed it-yet have almost are really pursued they can lead to the ful­ from the writing of the Greek philosopher­ always agreed that it was lacking in society. fillment of man's basic desire for social jus­ statesman Polybius, who, in the second cen­ It, is justice. The basic elementary, simple tice. Lincoln saw this to be true and gave tury before Christ, recorded the rise of the concept of social justice. his life for the principles in which he be­ Roman Republic and extolled the checks and Many great leaders can be identified as lieved. The majority of us wm not be called balances of the Roman constitution. champions of this great cause. One, how­ upon to make the ultimate sacrifice, all we Like most educated men of their times, the ever, stands out vividly not only in American are asked to do is continue the legacy which Founding Fathers believed that, by the right but a.Iso in other lands, primarily because he has left. Is that too hard? I don't think use of reason, men could improve them­ of his powerful impact and firm resolve. so. I deeply believe that there is in our coun­ selves and create a more perfect society. They That man was the sixteenth president of the try, and even in the world a new awareness believed in progress. United States of America, Abraham Lincoln. and a resolve to end man's inhumanity to His whole llfe was wrapped up in the prin­ man. It is our duty to see that this con­ Proven right ciple of social justice, and it came to fruition tinues, for if we fail, humanity's end will not They also believed that progress could not in his presidency. During that critical june- be far behind.e be taken for granted, and that the many April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8521 dangers besetting a free society called for nity centers, the Romans had no peers until perhaps only in order to satisfy ourselves the constant vigilance and patriotic dedica­ the Americans set out to lift the faces of that what happened to the Romans can tion of its members. their urban centers. never happen to us. They were proven right on both counts: The Romans developed a world-wide sys­ OPPRESSIVE TAXATION, CREEPING INFLATION No country has progressed more rapidly than tem of commerce and banking, and foreign­ LED EMPmE TO RUIN the United States; American progress under made utensils and luxury goods conferred In the second century after the birth of freedom has been achieved by the vigorous prestige upon their users. Christ, the Roman Empire achieved its great­ initiative and hard work of individual men They were open to intellectual influences est prosperity and external security. Under and women, and safeguarded by the Ameri­ from abroad, first, from the Greek-speaking the rule of Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius can people's willingness, in times of stress, countries under their protection and domi­ and Marcus Aurelius, which spans nearly to put the common good above individual nation and, then, from the cultural centers 100 years, the military strength of Rome de­ interest. of the Middle East. terred or overwhelmed foreign aggressors. Can we now a.ssume that these conditions They thought themselves somewhat too Internally, the empire insured the safety of will always obtain in the future-that we materialist and crude; they were eager and individuals a.nd their property as effectively have, once and for all, insured continuous humble students; they adapted what they as a modern state, if not more effectively. progress and solved the key problem of the learned to their own tradition; and they The rulers encouraged the building of new relationship of man and state, namely, how transformed their cultural borrowings into towns and the improvement of the older much does each owe to the other? a virile, direct literary style; a grave, noble municipalities. In these urban centers, a No prudent man would care to answer this philosophy; and imposing artistic creations middle cla.ss consisting of tradesmen, manu­ question positively. of their own. facturers, contractors, judges, lawyers, mu­ Despite novel forecasting techniques, the It is perhaps in this respect that the anal­ nicipal officials, and independent artisans future of human society is now as unpre­ ogy of Rome and America fits most closely: grew steadily in numbers and in wealth. dictable as it has always been. And even if the Roman-Hellenic cultural achievement the future were more certain than I believe finds its counterpart in the American culture Class mobility it to be, we would still have to know whence which derives from Europe and yet, in vital Access to this middle cla.ss was, by our we came in order to know where we are head­ thrust and universal attraction, surpasses standards, democratic. Many of its members ing. tho European heritage. were Roman by neither birth nor extraction; It is this circumstance which suggested to Slavery many were descendants of peasant-soldiers, the great statesmen of all times the study recruited from all over the empire, upon The Romans, though they produced able whom enlistment had conferred Roman of history and, especially, the history of engineers and thinkers of scientific bent, did ancient Rome. citizenship and who were rewarded by a not engage in a systematic study of the laws grant of la.nd in the provinces. The history of Rome spans a long time, of nature and, hence, failed to develop an much longer than the history of any con­ In this epoch, the Roman society enjoyed advanced technology. By modern standards, a high degree of what our sociologists now temporary Western state. It records a.n im­ their resources of energy were woefully mense variety of political and social changes. call "upward mobility." Industry and intel­ small. llgence received their fair rewards. Similarities Some of the reasons for their technological Although not all subject peoples qualified It is the history of a highly intelUgent and backwardness are now easily explained; automatically for Roman citizenship, the vigorous people who, at the height of their some are puzzling and stlll subject to con­ emperors made it increasingly easy for the power, succeeded in welding many races into jecture. members of non-Roman a.nd non-Italian a universal state, leader of the known world. The frugal Greeks, who taught the Romans communities to become Roman citizens. Last but not least, Roma.n history is well so much about the uses of the mind, viewed All Roman citizens were liable for mlll­ documented: we know more about it than science as an intellectual pursuit, rewarding tary service; all Roman citizens were as equal we know about any great civilization of the for its own sake, and spurned its practical before the law as are now the citizens of past. applications as unworthy of wise men. any democratic community. Such historians as Oswald Spengler, Gug­ The economy of Rome, like that of Greece, Judicial equality lielmo Ferrero and Amaury de Riencourt was based on that institution of antiquity have noted certain similarities in the urban which modern man finds most repugnant, As a matter of fact, the principle of ju­ life of the Romans a.nd the Americans re­ namely, slavery. dicial equality, as well as of due process, is spectively, as well as the resemblance of the More likely than not, Roman imagination Rome's bequest to our courts of law. United States' position as leading world stopped short at the threshold of machine The Roman State, seeking to foster the power to the pre-eminence of Rome in the technology because cheap and abundant rise of a middle class, not only did not inter­ ancient world. slave labor supplied the "machines" of fere with economic competition but actively This is far from saying that the Romans production. encouraged it. of nearly 2000 years ago were "like" Ameri­ Let it be noted that the Romans treated Although the imperial bureaucracy was cans of the 20th century. Of course, they their slaves more humanely than some hun­ salaried, most local offices were honorific and were not. dred generations of slaveholders after them, administered without pay by individuals and provided them with elaborate protection chosen by the community. Yet some of the achievements and vicissi­ If, at any time in history, a people could tudes of the Romans evoke in us a. sense of in law and convention. Masses of slaves were freed by their mas­ have looked confidently to the future, it almost eerie fam11iarity-like meeting a per­ was the Roman people in the second cen­ fect stranger and feeling that we have known ters. Freedmen amassed great wealth and, tury of our era: at the frontiers stood an him all the time. under the emperors, attained highest office invincible army; within the empire, law The Romans were prodigious engineers: in the state and academic distinction. and order prevailed, and never did almost they built roads wherever they went, in Yet, the blemish of slavery distorted the everybody "have it so good." Europe, Africa and Asia, and probably built moral countenance of Rome-and, probably, Seen in retrospect, all Rome had to do in them even more durably than ours, for some arrested its technical and economic develop­ order to perpetuate this happy state of af­ of them a.re still in use today. ment. fairs wa.s to follow the enlightened course Like the Americans, the Romans cherished Blind reliance she had staked out at the beginning of her bodily hygiene, the cosmetic arts, and spec­ Here the gap between modern America Golden Age. No foreign power could chal­ tator sports. They were inveterate sightseers and ancient Rome is wide, unbridgea.bly lenge her, and her growing middle class fur­ and tourists. wide. Yet, notwithstanding this, we must nished the seemingly inexhaustible well­ In some of their major cities, they devel­ ask whether our machine technology makes spring of progress. oped complexes of high-rise apartment us proof against all those destructive forces Idle increase houses (some of which were shoddily con­ which plagued Roman society and, ulti­ Why did this splendid and benign civiliza­ structed and, despite stringent building reg­ mately, wrecked Roman civilization. tion decline at all? And why did it decline so ulations, menaced the health and safety of Our reliance-an almost religious reli­ rapidly that, within another 100 years, the the infuriated tenants). ance-upon the power of science and tech­ Roman Empire was plunged irreversibly into nology to forever insure the progress of our anarchy and penury, ravaged by foreign ag­ City problems society, might blind us to some very real They mastered the art of plumbing and gressors, and doomed to extinction? problems which cannot be solved by science Undoubtedly, one cause of the Decline and built water supply and sewer systemS which a.nd technology. were hardly inferior to our own, and some Fall of the Roman Empire can be found in These problems find their counterpart in the enduring nature of man: his capacity for of which still function. the Roman experience, scant as were Rome's self-delusion and complacency in good times. Long before us, they managed to run into resources of machine power. Some of the other causes can be under­ the Urban Problem, complete with traffic Some of the most crucial issues confront­ stood only by examining the special cir­ congestion, slums, ghettos, unemployment ing America are political and moral. For cumstances surrounding the evolution of and crime. their study, the lessons of history are time­ Roman society, and it is these causes that They tackled the task of Urban Renewal, less. are of greatest interest and relevance today. razed slums and built model cities. Indeed, About their nature, Roman history might As we have seen, the power and pro~perity as planners of towns and splendid commu- have much to tell us that we need to learn- of the Roman Empire at its height rested 8522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 upon the valor of its citizen-soldiers and the system which they denounced, some grew analysis. However, I belleve Mr. Kraft is in enterprise of her middle class. influential and rich. error when he says "But when the one true If we can identify the forces which under­ Let us beware of facile historical analogies! heavyweight in town feels obliged to back mined these two key supports of the Roman Seventeen hundred years before Karl Marx down, it is an index of how little clout the State, we will come as close to explaining and 1800 years before Professor Marcuse, administration has in both the country and the collapse of Rome as we can come to ex­ Rome's disaffected thinkers had not and tho Congress". plaining anything about a people remote could not have developed those doctrines I feel that Speaker O'Nelll's apology in no from us by nearly 2000 years. of collectivism a.nd anarchism which sparked way indicates lack of clout; to the contrary, Already during the century preceding the the revolutionary movements of our times. it was, I belleve, an indication that the long reign of the Good Emperors, astute Unsafe places Speaker's largeness of spirit had overcome contemporaries had noted certain alarming his hastiness in accusing Bruce Caputo. As trends in Roman life. Yet, just as in our times, a profound one who criticized the Speaker, at the time. One of these was the increase of idle peo­ cha.nge in the intellectual and moral ell­ I believe the Speaker, by his apology, added ple in Rome, the idle rich and the idle poor. mate preceded the breakup of the establlshed to his stature. This trend was fostered by some of the order-and that establlshed order not only Sincerely, emperors who lavishly rewarded their favor­ falled to reaffirm the moral values that had NEWTON I. STEERS, Jr .• ltes-pllant pollticlans and m111tary, as made it rich and powerful, but also em­ well as contractors and financiers with an braced the very doctrines which demeaned inside track to the government-and bid for it. the acclaim of the Roman masses by the By the beginning of the third century, inauguration of welfare measures such as Rome's towns and countryside had become THE UNITED NATIONS AND A MID­ free meals, a round of sensational entertain­ unsafe places. EAST SETTLEMENT ments and publlc services without charge to Deserters from the army and escaped crim­ the consumer. inals beset the unwary traveler a.nd robbed A large part of the Roman citizenry lived the tradesmen. In this age, the annals of HON. STEPHEN J. SOLARZ comfortably on the dole. Since, nominally, Rome record the increase of riots, some OF NEW YORK culminating in conflagrations which de­ the emperors, as chief magistrates of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Republic, were elected officials, the Roman stroyed whole towns. electorate was called upon to sanction their The authorities, unable or unwllllng to Monday, April 3, 1978 rule. cope with these disorders, indulged the As a matter of fact, the emperors solved masses of idle people in the cities, seeking e Mr. SOLARZ. Mr. Speaker, United this problem by the massive purchase of their polltlcal support in order to quell the Nations delegates have realized that votes-and, in fair exchange, the mass of growing Q.lscontent of the taxpayers-the their condemnations of Israel contribute the voters, so recompensed, looked to the producers. nothing to a resolution of confiicts in government for ever more elaborate welfare Mighty Rome might have withstood civil the Middle East. Those nations which measures, free of charge. disorder, the spread of disruptive doctrines, continue their attacks on the Jewish Not so surprisingly, the average Roman as well as the loss of prestige abroad, and state are being excluded from a mean­ citizen idle, pleasure-seeking and pampered, kept on living on its immense accumulated ingful role in peace negotiations. Hu­ felt less and less inclined to do service in the wealth, had she not been smitten by a dis­ army, once the precious privllege of all free ease that even her once robust constitution morist Joey Adams, in an editorial Romans. could not tolerate. printed in the Manhattan weekly, Our It is amazing that, despite these demoral­ Rome died of the twin malady which, Town, makes these observations in a izing tendencies, the empire could, for a throughout history, has laid low the strong­ satirical critique of this international long time, find enough high-minded Ro­ est states: confiscatory taxation and creep­ forum. Echoing the sentiments of all man citizens to man its armies and to main­ ing inflation. people committed to a viable Middle tain the traditional standard of Roman m111- Under the Emperor Commodus, the ruth­ East peace settlement, Mr. Adams writes tary discipline and valor. less son of mUd Marcus Aurelius, the burden that the U.N. "• • • should encourage po­ Decay sets in of direct taxation began to depress the com­ tentially moderate Arab States to follow But, by the end of the second century, merce and industry of the empire. Under the Emperor Caracalla, that Egypt's lead leaving the radicals with the dole and decadence had done their work. the choice of moderation or isolation." The emperors saw themselves forced to burden crushed the empire's economy and rely on mercenaries for the defense of the beggared the middle class. It is my hope that the United Nations frontiers. The land tax and the poll ta.x, the chief will soon begin contributing to a reduc­ Most of these mercenaries were recruited taxes paid by lower income brackets, were tion of hostilities in the Middle East, and from barbarian tribes and the underworld not raised, but the income tax, which mainly throughout the world. I respectfully sub­ of the cities. Many did not speak Latin and affected the propertied and well-to-do, was mit the editorial written by Mr. Adams: few felt any civic allegiance to the Roma.n sharply increased. The tax on inheritance From: Joey Adams State. was doubled.e To: The U.N.-Useless Nations Organization By the third century, the Roman legions Subject: An open letter had become boisterous bands of rUffians DEAR UsELESS: Goliath tried to deny the bent on loot, and terrorizing the feckless: right of the tribes of Israel to live. Then Hit­ disarmed and helpless civlllan population DEMOCRATS: MASTERY YIELDS TO ler tried to deny the right of the Jewish peo­ they were supposed to defend against for­ DRIFT ple to live. For 30 years the Arabs have tried eign foes. to deny the right of the Jewish state to live. The traditional virtues of the Romans had And now that we've got Egypt and Israel made them invincible in war and ennobled HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. together, the giant against us is the United their domestic institutions. They were: OF MARYLAND Nations. frugality, gravity, directness, piety and patri­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Begin and Sadat are meeting face to face­ otism. but the United Nations is censuring Israel. These simple moral values did not com­ Monday, April 3, 1978 For the first time in 30 years there's a prayer mend themselves to the new, the sophisti­ • Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, appearing of peace in the Middle East-but the United cated philosophies which, originating in the Nations is censuring Israel. Israelis attacked in the Washington Post on February 26, on the day of Yom Kippur when its citizens East, swept Rome's intellectual market in 1978 was Joseph Kraft's article entitled, the second century. are praying in the synagogue and the United "Democrats: Mastery Yields To Drift." Nations brands Israel the aggressor. With The alienated intellectual was as much It was clear to me that Mr. Kraft at­ a phenomenon of Roman society as it is of what were they aggressors? Could they shoot ours. tempted to use the incident between you with their Bibles? Did they have ammuni­ and Congressman CAPuTo as an example tion in their prayer shawls? But the United In Rome, the most popular teachers of of his general theme-the decline of au­ Nations censured Israel! new doctrines which heaped contempt and What are these guys doing over there on ridicule upon the steady values of the middle thority in Government. I therefore, re­ sponded to the editor of the Washington the East River? What do they do here in our class were the Cynics. town anyway? Besides freeloading at every Bearded, ragged and professing indl1rer­ Post with the following letter: cocktail party, parking lllegally at every fire ence to worldly goods, these bitter critics of MARCH 1, 1978. hydrant between here and downtown New­ Roman society view with the suave Sophists, The EDITOR, ark and eating up the city's money in pro­ academics more fashionable in the great The Washington Post, tection and free services, what is it these school of learning, for public acclaim-and Washington, D .C. bums do besides censure Israel? the patronage of the middle class. DEAR Sm: Joe Kraft's column of February Only recently people everywhere were look­ Battening on the very social and economic 26, 1978 contained as usual some very cogent ing to Jerusalem and Cairo for the malden Apri1 3, 1978' EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8523 voyage of the Dove of Peace. It was the first A NEW KIND OF NAVY cargo ships meaningful defense systems? Who fiutter of hope out of the Middle East in is likely to conclude that power projection three decades. We saw Sadat lean over to should be secondary to sea control? kiss Golda. We saw Israelis wave Egyptian HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER However, if we are not balanced in our fiags. We saw thousands of musllms welcome OF COLORADO thinking about future requirements, how back their leader after a journey no one serious might this be in distorting our naval would have dreamt possible d""ys before. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES posture? Beyond.1980, it appears sea control Meanwhile, the anachronistic Useless Na­ Monday, April 3, 1978 will very likely be the prime naval mission in tions creaked along its archaic way seeing nonnuclear war. Admiral Stansfield Turner nothing, hearing nothing and solving noth­ e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, our writes that " ... we must approach the use ing. On November 25, five days after the Navy needs some creative thinking. Like of the term 'Sea Control' from two direc­ Sadat visit, the U.N. General Assembly over­ most institutions the Navy has become tions: denying an enemy the right to use whelmingly passed yet another anti-Israel to some seas at some times; and asserting our wedded old concepts and patterned 1 resolution. This time they condemned Israel ways of thinking. In the January issue own right to use some seas at some times." for occupying Arab lands. - Admiral Turner points out that it is no of the Proceedings of the_United States longer conceivable, except in the most limited The U.N. is getting senile in its old age. It Naval Institute I was pleased to find some promotes anti-democratic ideas to weaken sen8e, to control-the seas _tot_ally !or one's Western civilization. It tries to undermine innovative thinking by Commander own use or to deny them totally to anenemy:· the legitimacy of the only democratic state Timothy J. Keen, U.S. Navy pilot a great deal. No Coupled with the likely decline of carrier­ may not be worth the price. The maximum longer can he loiter in the vicinity of a pro­ launched aircraft as the cutting edge of U.S. speed requirement for a surface combatant tected force and dash out on any radial to naval power is the increasing vulnerabillty is worth examining. meet intruders. Enemy aircraft will "stop" of the carrier herself. Ocean surveillance by Warships have always been designed to several hundred miles short of a defended all major powers is approaching a fine art. achieve the "best speed" practical for their point and launch weapons. If an interceptor It seems safe to say that an aircraft carrier size and purpose. When the steam turbine is going to do anything about it, he must can be targeted by a sophisticated enemy at made its debut in naval ship construction, travel hundreds of miles ·to attack the all times regardless of preventive measures ship speeds quickly advanced to take ad­ bomber, its approach having been detected designed either to quiet the carrier or hide vantage of this power package. The destroy­ even more hundreds of miles beyond, or he her. With only 13 U.S. carriers availablle, the ers of World War I were capable of 35 knots, must intercept the weapons as they approach problem of enemy targeting is far too sim­ and in later years, the Italians built a the defended point. Since the missiles are ple. The physical size of these massive ships destroyer that was capable of more than 40 small, fast, very high or very low, numerous, also eases the problem of target discrimina­ knots. However, it was eventually determined and likely to come on a coordinated basis tion by long-range weapons. While carriers by designers that 30 knots or thereabouts is from many directions and platforms, !t does have a high degree of survivabllity, the na­ a practical maximum for a warship. This is not appear that airborne fighter aircraft can ture of their payload and the intricacy of generally close to the limiting ratio between provide adequate defense. A carrier force will their operations diminish the likelihood of speed and the square root of length. Above not be able to maintain enough interceptors effective performance after one or more hits this design factor, the penalty is too great in the air to provide meaningful cover and by contemporary high-explosive warheads. in terms of power plant and fuel consump­ still conduct strike operations. Their flight decks and hangar decks are ion. That is not to say that 30 knots come Thus, as our primary naval investment, we .1ammed with a dangerous array of metals, easily, but that speed has been an acceptable have aircraft carriers to provide platforms liquids, and explosives. A modern aircraft compromise for almost 50 years. from which attack aircraft can carry ord­ carrier may be able to take several missile Naval aviation long ago adopted the 30- nance to targets. We have fighters on board hits without sinking, but the chances of knot ship speed as a threshold factor in air- April 3, 197.8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8525 craft design. Because aircraft launch concepts ble that a large, high-performance warship new Soviet designs are well armed with anti­ were initially scaled to depend on 30 knots would be loaded with a large, high-perform­ air and antiship weapons, and they carry of wind, it became necessary that aircraft car­ ance combat system. This would negate the respectable complements of V/ STOL (verti­ riers be capable of 30 knots and that all as­ opportunity for low dollar cost per ship and cal/short takeoff and landing) aircraft. The sociated ships likewise perform at 30 knots high endurance. Our experience leads us to aircraft flown from their decks are not attack or better. Now, this spe-ed level is the crite­ scale combat power to hull size when we aircraft as favored by the U.S. Navy, nor are rion for whether or not a ship is called "car­ think of combatant ships. A 50,000-ton ship they fighter aircraft in a class with the F-14 rier capable." It is a measure of ship value in with the armament of a 4,500-ton guided­ Tomcat. The Soviets seem to have concluded a carrier-task-force-oriented Navy. missile destroyer seems ludicrous. It appears that they have no requirement for carrier­ Aside from the ab111ty to run with a car­ that we are driven to high prices in com­ based fighters and attack bombers as we rier, 30-knot speed is not a critically im­ batant ships by insistence on both high speed know them. We might wonder why. portant feature of a warship in 1978. Weapon and high density of equipment. The result In the geopolitical prospects for the next technology has long since wiped out the is a very high cost per ton, dense manning, two decades, our requirements forecasters see advantage of a few extra knots in a naval and limited capacity for sustained operations new kinds of naval operations described by engagement. When ship-launched cruise mis­ without regular transfusions of food, fuel, such terms as marine security, confronta­ siles with 300-mile range arrive in the ar­ and ammunition. tion, interposition, constraint, crisis control, senal, it will take an entire day to make any The obvious alternatives are to demand civil evacuation, occupation, interdiction, difference in range with a speed advantage less performance in the traditionally sized protection, and the like. Most of these sug­ of 10 knots. surface combatants, or to put the same level gest operations of a nonviolent nature It also used to be that naval forces could of combat performance on much larger ships. backed up by force. They do not seem to be essentially run away from submarines if they A New Kind of Navy.-Having predicted a solvable by concentrated "strike operations" could operate at 30 knots. This is no longer declining future for carrier aviation as the of the type in which a contemporary carrier true. Submarines can now exceed this centerpiece of U. S. naval power and critic­ task force specializes. One can envision these speed, and target speed is essentially imma­ ized one of the most attractive features of future situations being handled by helicop­ terial to torpedo fire control. Further, anti­ the contemporary surface warship, positive ters, boats, vehicles, Seabees, Marines, and submarine measures are severely degraded by suggestions are in order. If there is real need military tools other than explosive ordnance. high speed because of sensor interference. for surface combatant$ in the decades ahead, While strike potential may be the essential The primary benefit which continues to be what shoud they be like? A desirable ship to backup, the orderly application of people attached to warship speed is the ability to cope with the sea control problems of the and vehicles seems to be the way many of the change location with greater rapidity and 1980's should be: jobs will be done. Able to steam 20,000 miles or more without A ship such as the new LHA offers excep­ thereby to increase the strategic leverage of refueling. This comes automatically with a the force. Speed differential in the range of tional potential for crisis control and all of nuclear-powered ship, but the range can b3 the aforementioned types of operations. The 20 to 30 knots has diminishing appllcation available in other types of ships. to tactical effectiveness once a battle de­ LHA is big; she is relatively inexpensive Able to carry enough ordnance to preclude (compared to an attack carrier or a strike velops. However, even though speed may not the necessity for underway rearming or even buy as much as it used· to, why worry about' cruiser) she can handle helicopters, motor advanced base rearming in a "short war." vehicles, amphibious vehicles, Marines, great it if you can have 30 knots? As long as there Sufficiently armored or bulky to protect is some merit in fast transit, should we not quantities of military cargo; and she has vital systems and to enable the ships to staying power. The LHA also features a 300- continue to strive for it? The answer de­ maintain usable combat portential after be­ pends on willingness to accept the penalties bed hospital and advanced communications. ing hit. With a moderate increase in cost, the ship which go with high speed in ship design. Cost-effective and flexible in mission poten­ Some of the factors are as follows: could also be armed with the Aegis antiair tial, even though this might operate against warfare system, roll-on/roll-off, surface-to­ For displacement-type hull designs, max­ peak performance in any particular role. imum efficient speed is essentially deter­ surface missiles, and respectable point-de­ Air capable to a significant degre. The air­ fense systems, thus becoming a dreadnought mined by the ratio of speed to the square craft need not be high performance in the root of the length. With the speed in knots with respect to offensive and defensive fight­ sense of speed and maneuverability, but they ing abilities. A gas turbine propulsion plant and the length in feet, the practical llmit should have respectable payload, endurance, is abOut 1.3.3 To remain in a reasonable could make the entire fuel load of this ship and the ability to operate without close usable for either air or ship operations. Fi­ power situation, the hull must be longer control. with increasing speed. nally, again on the theme of flexibility, the Able to carry a full complement of wea­ helicopter capability of the LHA could sup­ If we are seeking a warship of relatively pons. She has to be capable of operating in port antisubmarine operations and mine­ modest length and insist on more than 30 a severe air attack environment, coping with sweeping. LHAs, with the addition of power­ knots, she will demand a very powerful pro­ antiship missiles on a high-density, quick­ ful weapon systems, would give the Navy pulsion plant. If we concurrently require that reaction basis, and she should have antisub­ broad capability to cope with the nonstand­ the ship be heavily armed and have good marine warfare capablli ty for self-defense ard kinds of naval operations which have range, we create a difficult design and con­ and for protection of accompanying forces. been forecast for 1980 and beyond-crisis struction challenge. The cost of construction Capable of integrated operations with com­ damping, evacuation, interposition, disaster is driven up because everything must be mand and surveillance systems at other lo­ support, etc. "fitted" as in a puzzle. The cost advantages of cations and have capacity to operate effec­ The LHA has been accorded special treat­ prefabrication modularity and the extra space tively with aircraft and submarines. ment here because she is an actual ship al­ and weight which are associated with modu­ Roomy in that she provides adequate crew ready and thus provides a basis for practical larity must be sacrificed in the interest of comfort over sustained periods at sea. speculation. However, the possibilities for All of the foregoing would require a very compactness, lightness, and weight distri­ less expensive ships are almost unlimited if bution. The whole process becomes very large ship compared to the fleet escorts of the speed requirement can be scaled down today. If we insist on nuclear power and high complex and labor intensive. The ship costs and if the density of the combat payload is many times more than a merchant ship of speed, she would also be prohibitively expen­ kept reasonable. Large, slow hulls are not similar displacement, and she takes two or sive. However, the ship can be both large and expensive by Navy ship standards. A 15,000- three times longer to construct. inexpensive compared to current estimates ton roll-on/roll-off cargo ship can be had for While longer hulls can achieve higher for a nuclear-powered strike cruiser or even $25 mllllon, a 300,000-deadweight-ton tanker speeds within the 1.3 ratio, insistence on 30 a highly complex destroyer. for about $35 million, or a 250,000-dead­ knots does drive up the cost because of pro­ Table 1 compares some of the character­ weight-ton tanker for about $100 m1llion. portional increases in shaft horsepower and istics of the proposed nuclear-powered strike The June 1976 issue of the Proceedings the overall high-performance character of cruiser, the proposed Aegis-equipped guided­ contains a description of the remarkable the ship. Furthermore, it is almost inescapa- missile destroyer (DDG-47), and the Tarawa­ SL-7 container ship-946 feet long, 51,000 class (LHA-1) amphibious assault ships now tons displacement, and capable of 33 knots. 3 Displacement hulls have resistance waves in commission and under construction. With this great length, the SL-7s operate which rise exponentially with increasing ·While the LHA does not match all of the re­ efficiently with 120.000 shaft horsepower, speed. When the speed-to-length ratio (speed quirements cited for the "ideal" sea control little more than half the power of a Midway­ in knots divided by the square root of the combantant, she does have the basic attri­ class (CV-41) carrier of comparable length, length in feet) reaches 1.3, the power de­ butes --of size, endurance, and air capability. and with only two boilers and two shafts as mand for greater speed becomes very great. She also brings the bonus features of Marine compared to 12 boilers and four shafts in the This simplified thumb rule ratio, sometimes assault capability, since she can carry both Midway. called Taylor's Quotient or Froude's Number, troops and ship-to-shore vehicles. The LHA While these are not warships by tradition­ is reasonably accurate for estimating eco­ is large enough to accommodate almost any al standards, they are huge oceangoing plat­ nomical sustained speeds for proposed ships. weapon suite which might be proposed with forms. They are seaworthy and have great By this formula, a 300-foot-long ship, for minor concern for weight or moment limits. range a.nd vast space and weight capacity for example, should be efficient up to 24 knots The LHA suggests a class of U.S. Navy ships payloads which could include adequate sen­ and an 800-foot ship might be propelled at somewhat comparable to the Soviet Moskva sors, weapons, and protection systems. The 37 knots with reasonable fuel consumption. and Kiev "antisubmarine cruisers.'' These Navy could have 30-40 15,000-ton roll-on/ 8526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 roll-off-type hulls for $1 blllion, and they The development of Pleasant Ridge con­ goal. As we look forward to the next could be equipped with respectable roll-on/ tinued at a steady pace for ~he next 2{) 50 years, it is fitting that we pause to roll-off combat systems. The point is that substantially larger hulls can reduce the ac­ years, with new su'Jdivisions opening up celebrate the unique identity of this city. quisition cost of a warship if the payload periodically. In 1919, it became a village The best way we can express our grati­ stays constant and reduced maximum speed with Mr. Charles Staff as president. tude for having the opportunity to live is accepted. Roominess can allow extensive In 1921 a move to consolidate with in such a wonderful community, is by prefabrication of payload modules, and the neighboring Ferndale and Royal Oak maintaining its character and preserv­ modules themselves can be spacious and failed. By 1927 the population had in­ ing its future.• heavy to ease the problems of equipment creased to 2,289, and permission was installation. With this approach, we could think of major warships-with high level sought from the county s~pervisors to of combat capab111ty and endurance-at incorporate as a city. Permission was granted, and the measure was put to a GRIGORY GOLDSHTEIN, PERSE­ costs around $200 mlllion each. CUTED IN THE SOVIET UNION Conclusion.-To the extent that our cur­ vote and passed by a large majority, rent and future military requirements d1ffe1· 173-30. On April 2, 1928, the city charter from those of World War II and the Korean was approved. Robert H. Crooker was HON. MARIO BIAGGI War, so should our Navy. There are probably elected as the first mayor, with Harry OF NEW YORK old things we can do without in terms of D. Chapman, Gale L. Wessinger, Neil IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES equipment and capab111ties, and there are I. McArthur, and James H. Lobban undoubtedly new things which we absolute­ Monday, April 3, 1978 ly must acquire. With the constraints of the serving as c!ty commissioners. A butcher budget and our manpower, we must look shop on Woodward Avenue was converted e Mr. BIAGGI. Mr. Speaker, Grigory critically at the traditional assets and ap­ for use as the first city hall. Goldshtein, a citizen of the Union of the proach our new acquisitions with imagina­ The first school in Pleasant Ridge was Soviet Socialist Republics, has been tion. Technology is our national trump suit started before village status was carrying on the battle for freedom and and truly the "cutting edge" of our armed forces. Dr. Malcolm Currie, former Director obtained, with money raised by the justice in that country in a most per­ of Defense Research and Engineering, has Pleasant Ridge Club. It was held in Mr. sonal way. A Jewish physicist who wants said: Bourne's chicken coop at 8 Ridge Road to emigrate to Israel, he has been If there is any single dominating trend in but was soon moved to the site of Roose­ stripped of his right to employment as a weaponry, it is for missiles of all kinds to velt School. In 1921 this school was also result of his application for an exit visa become more accurate and more destructive. outgrown and the present Roosevelt to leave the Soviet Union. I believe this trend will continue. Missiles School built. Many of today's residents In typical Soviet fashion, his applica­ and precision guided munitions will con­ of Pleasant Ridge attended Roosevelt tion was denied for knowledge of state tinue to transform the nature of warfare by School, myself included. secrets. However, unable to obtain any making the precision application of force at a distance a reality.... The surface Navy, Since World War II, Pleasant Ridge's employment because of his "refusenik" dominated by the $2B carrier and projected growth has been relatively small, with status, he is now accused of the Soviet as such into the 21st century, might be the 1970 Federal census listing 3,991 crime of "parasitism," a crime the Soviets changed drastically . . . I think it will be. residents. The city's first community use frequently to harass their Jewish citi­ Air to air combat is now close to the limits center was opened in 1946 at 4 Ridge zens who want to emigrate to Israel. of physiological endurance. I believe that Road and in 1961 a new building was Grigory Goldshtein is being tried in the new forms of weapons wlll replace the large erected to house it. Also in 1961, the Soviet Union for this alleged crime. The battle tank, the supercarrier, and the au­ city omces moved into a new municipal mission manned aircraft sooner or later, and New York Legal Coalition for Soviet we must be ready with concepts and tech­ building. Jewry prepared a brief in his support. nologies that will force obsolescence in areas The city retains the commission­ It is an outstanding defense of this most where the SOviets have vast investments in manager form of government of its persecuted man. I am inserting it at numbers. Our eventual survival may depend original charter. Its governing body is this point in the CONGRESSIONAi. RECORD, on our wlllingness and ab111ty to do this. composed of a mayor and four city so that my colleagues may have the op­ This suggests the need for a searching look commissioners. The city commission portunity to read of the continuing prob­ at the ships and aircraft which now form appoints the city manager, clerk, lems for Soviet Jews. the centerpiece of our fieet. The guided mis­ treasurer, assessor, attorney, and the The brief follows: sile has already supplanted the bomber, members of the city planning and the changed the whole character of antisubma­ [Union of Soviet Socialist Republics v. rine warfare, and given almost unlimited city recreation commissions. Grigory Goldshteln.] strike potential to the surface combatant. As Pleasant Ridge celebrates its 50th BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF GRIGORY GOLDSHTEIN, Our future Navy, which must be planted birthday, its elected and appointed om­ WHO HAS BEEN CHARGED WITH THE CRIME now, should recognize these realities.e cials included: Mayor John E. S. Scott; OF PARASITISM, A VIOLATION OF ARTICLE 'City Commissioners Charles Fillmore, 209-1 OF THE SOVIET CRIMINAL CODE. Richard G. Perkins, Francis M. Coffey, Submitted by: The New York Legal Coali- and David B. Whyte; City Manager tion for Soviet Jewery, an atnliate of The PLEASANT RIDGE CELEBRATES ITS Louis Barry; City Clerk Anne Barnard; Greater New York Conference on Soviet City Attorney Donald H. Gillis; Chief Jewry. FIFTIETH Prepared by: Martin Weisfuse of Delson & of Police Owen W. Parent; and Build­ Gordon; Eric Rayman of Paul, Weiss, Rtf­ ing Inspector Ernest J. Dellar. kind, Wharton and Garrison. HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD Although Pleasant Ridge is a small At the request of: The New York Legal OF MICHIGAN city, it provides a broad range of serv­ Coalition for SOviet Jewry. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ices to its citizens. For example, its STATEMENT OF FACTS Monday, April 3, 1978 recreation facilities for residents of all Grigory Goldshtein, a resident of Georgia, ages are unequaled in any other city of SSR, is a physicist in the SOviet Union and e Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, the comparable size. an expert in the field of automation. In 1971 city of Pleasant Ridge, Mich., marked its As a resident of Pleasant Ridge, I he applied for an eXit visa to Israel but was 50th anniversary yesterday, April 2. know that the community truly lives refused on the grounds that he possessed Since Congress was not in session Sun­ up to its name. The many fine old "state secrets." Shortly after his application day, I want to take the opportunity today homes and lovely tree-lined streets was made he was fired from his job as labora­ to note this &pecial occasion and would present a peaceful and friendly en­ tory chief of the Mendeleyev Meteorological like to include a brief history of the city Institute at Tb111sl. Since then he has not vironment that is enjoyed by all its been able to find work. His "refusenik" sta­ in the RECORD. residents. The city and the residents tus has effectively precluded his employ­ Pleasant Ridge is a unique city. It is of Pleasant Ridge, working together, ment. In August 1977, he was charged with the smallest incorporated city in have done an excellent job of living up parasitism. I! he is convicted, he could be Michigan, encompassing only .58 of a to the vision of the city's founders, who imprisoned for a term of two years. square mile. The first subdivision was sought to build a pleasant, residential Point I platted in 1906 and the community began community. Goldshtein has not committed the crime of its development in about 1908 with the Today, the resident of Pleasant parasitism under Articles 209 and 209-1 of subdivision of 12 lots along Ridge Road. Ridge, new and old, share that same SOviet Law: April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8527 Article 209 of the Soviet Criminal Code able. First the committee offered Gold­ (1) The Helsinki Final Act (1975) (the makes it a crime to systematically engage in shtein menial work as a street sweeper. Gold­ "Helsinki Accord") which while not tech­ vagrancy or in begging. Article 209-1 makes shtein rejected such work as was his right nically binding upon its signatories, is a criminal the "malicious evasion, by a person under the New Soviet Constitution which major political agreement widely dissemi­ leading an antisocial form of life," of work guarantees him "the right to choice of pro­ nated in Soviet newspapers. assigned by a district executive committee of fession ... in accordance with (his] voca­ (2) The U.N. Universal Declaration of Hu­ a soviet of working people's deputies designed tion, abilities, training [and) education." man Rights ( 1948) (the "Universal Declara­ to effect the "discontinuance of a parasitic Secondly, the executive committee, knowing tion") which was passed by the General . existence." Goldshtein's desire to emigrate, offered him Assembly, 58-0. The Soviet Union initially The crime of "parasitism" has two ele­ work in top secret, scientific research ca.pac1- abstained on this vote but agreed to abide by ments: a) the avoidance of socially useful ties. Were he to accept such a. position it the Universal Declaration in subsequent In­ work, and b) leading an antisocial parasitic would greatly impede his ablllty to emigrate, ternational Agreements. way of life. Grigory Goldshtein has consist­ thus denying him the "choice of profession" (3) The Convention on the Elimination of ently been ready, willing and able to perform as guaranteed by the New Soviet Constitu­ All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) work as a scientist, his field of endeavor. Be­ tion, and violating canons of international (the "Discrimination Convention") which cause of his refusenik status prospective em­ law (described in Point IV below) to which has the status of a full-fledged, binding in­ ployers have denied him work. It cannot be the Soviet Union subscribes. terns.tiona.l treaty. said that Grigory Goldshtein is leading a The anti-parasitism law punishes the "ma­ (4) The International Covenant on Civil parasitic way of life, notwithstanding the licious evasion" of work after a district exec­ and Political Rights (1966) (the "Interna­ fact that he is through no fault of his own utive committee orders the performance of tional Covenant") which, upon ratlflcation unemployed. While he was working he earned work. Grlgory Goldshtein has expressed his by a sufficient number of states, recently be­ a salary of 400 roubles per month, a sum sub­ willingness to work in a suitable capacity, came binding upon its signatories including stantially higher than the average wage in but to date he has been denied all produc­ the Soviet Union. tive jobs solely because of his application the Soviet Union of 60 roubles per month. A. The Helsinki Accord Having some money, he has sufficient savings to emigrate. The enforcement of the anti­ in order to live without being a burden on parasite law in this fashion is a violation of In August 1975, the Union of Soviet So­ the State or his family. the Soviet Constitution and an affront to cialist Republics, along with 34 other coun­ Moreover under Articles 3 and 7 of the human dignity. tries, participated in the Conference on Se­ Soviet Criminal Code the existence of the Point III curity and Co-Operation in Europe, and crime of parasitism must be predicted upon Grigory Goldshtein cannot be convicted of signed the Helsinki Accord, thereby endors­ the commission of a socially dangerous act. ing the rights of freedom of conscience and violating the anti-parasite laws until an religion. No such act has been committed by Grigory executive committee has assigned him pro­ Goldshtein. His letter of protest to President ductive work: Principle vn of Section 1 of the Helsinki Nikolai Podgorny over the murder of Israeli One of the procedural aspects of the anti­ Accord, dealing with Principles Guiding Re­ athletes in Munich in 1972 certainly cannot parasitism law is the requirement that a lations Between Participating States, sets be considered socially dangerous. Such atroc­ work shirker be assigned by a. local Soviet forth the intention of the signatories to guar­ Ities as those in Munich caused universal executive committee productive work at an antee human rights and fundamental free­ outcries by all civilized nations and certainly enterprise situated in the district of his per­ doms, including the freedom of thought, con­ is not inconsistent with Soviet policy. If the manent residence or in another locale within science, and religion or belief, for all without indictment is based upon Grlgory Gold­ that particular region, territory or autono­ distinction as to race, sex, language or re­ shtein's desire to practice his religious beliefs mous republic. There is no criminal liabil­ ligion. and to seek immigration to his homeland, ity until the supposed shirker falls to obey The Principle speaks, in paragraph 2, of then the application of this statute becomes the decision of the local Soviet Committee. civil, political, economic, social, cultural, and the vehicle for fostering racism, a doctrine The Employment Polley Convention, other rights deriving from the "inherent dig­ inconsistent with both the new Soviet Con­ adopted by the General Conference of the nity of the human person" and "essential for stitution and the rights of man. Articles 34 International Labour Organization on July his free and full development." In paragraph and 36 of the new Soviet Constitution guar­ 9, 1964 and effective July 15, 1966, sets forth 4, the Principle speaks of the protection and antee that Soviet citizens will not be dis­ the labor policy of its member states (includ­ enjoyment of rights of national minorities, criminated against on the basis of race or ing the Soviet Union). Article 1 § 2 states the and in paragraph 8, the signatories reaffirm nationality. The systematic discharge policy shall aim at ensuring that: their commitment to the human rights pro­ from employment, harassment, warrantless (a) There is work for all who are avail­ visions of the major international documents searches by the KGB, and this very prosecu­ able and seeking work; and agreements, including the UN Charter, tion are all directed against Jews seeking to (b) Such work is as productive as possible; the Universal Declaration, and the Interna­ practice their religion and emigrate to Israel (c) There is freedom of choice of employ­ tional Covenant. The Soviet Union has rec­ and attest to racial discrimination against ment and the fullest possible opportunity for ognized or ts a party to each of these docu­ Jews in the Soviet Union in violation of the each worker to qualify for, and to use his ments and agreements. New Soviet Constitution. skills and endowments in, a job tor which he In Section 6 of the Helsinki Accord, the Point II is well suited., irrespective of race, colour, sex, participating signers agreed to "Make it their aim to facilltate freer movement and con­ Invoking Article 209-1 of the Soviet Crim­ religion, political opinion, national extrac­ tion, or social origin. (Emphasis added.) tacts, individually and collectively, whether inal code (the "anti-parasitism" section) in privately or officially, among persons.... " this case violates the Soviet constitution: The work which has been offered Gold­ Article 40 of the New Soviet Constitution, shtein to date has consisted of menial jobs B. The Universal Declaration ratified in October 1977, guarantees the or top-secret jobs. Neither type is a job for The USSR has agreed to be bound by the equal rights to Soviet citizens irrespective which "he is well suited," the former because Universal Declaration. Although the Soviet of nationality or race. These rights are made of his scientific training, and the latter be­ Union initially abstained on this vote, it meaningless if Grigory Goldshtein can be cause of his political opinion. later agreed to abide by the Declaration by fired from his job, denied subsequent em­ Grigory Goldshtein has not been assigned voting affirmatively on the 1965 Discrimina­ ployment and then punished for "refusing" any appropriate tasks by a. local Soviet ex­ tion Convention and the 1966 International to work, all as a result of the attempted exer­ ecutive committee. Until such time as he is Covenant. Moreover, the Helsinki Accord re­ cise of rights guaranteed him by a constitu­ assigned suitable work, which he thereupon affirmed the principles of the Universal Dec­ tion to which the USSR proclaims adherence. refuses to undertake, he has not transgressed laration and adopted them by reference. Article 40 of the New Soviet Constitution any Soviet laws. On the right to free movement and emi­ states that: Point IV gration, the Universal Declaration in 1948 Citizens of the U.S.S.R. shall have the Denial of permission to emigrate violates stated unequivocally: right to work, that is, to guaranteed employ­ multiple treaties to which the Soviet Union Everyone has the right to freedom of move­ ment and remuneration for this work ln is a. signatory: ment and residence within the borders of accordance with the quantity and quality, In international forums officials of the each state. Everyone has the right to leave including the right to choice of profession, Soviet Union have dismissed allegations that any country, including his own, and to re­ types of occupation and employment in ac­ the USSR persecutes its Jewish citizens by turn to his country. cordance with their vocation, ablllties, train­ claiming that such charges interfere with ing, education, and with account of the the internal affairs of a sovereign state. Even C. The Discrimination Convention needs of society. a cursory examination, however, of the major The Discrimination Convention reaffirmed Grlgory Goldshtein is a trained physicist, international humanitarian accords extend­ the principle of free movement and emigra­ who formerly worked as laboratory chief of ing from 1948 through 1975 reveals that the tion in 1965 and the Soviet Union agreed at the Mendeleyev Meteorological Institute. He Soviets have been violating not only the the time to grant its residents the following was fired from that job in 1971 when he ap­ canons of morality, but also the interna­ rights: plied to emigrate. Since that time he has tional agreements which have been freely The right to freedom of movement and been offered only two types of work by the negotiated, signed, and ratified by the ap­ residence within the borders of each state. executive committee of a. Soviet of working propriate organ of Soviet government. The The .right to leave any country, including people's deputies, both of them una.ccept- major ~tccords are: one's own, and to return to one's country. CXXIV--537-Part 7 8528 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 D. The International Covenant The cargo preference provision is a allow an operator with very low fully dis­ The International Covenant, reaffirmed by return of the Mail Subsidy Contract sys­ tributed costs to underbid all of his com­ reference in the Helsinki Accord, once again tem, replaced by ODS in 1936 because it petitors and monopolize the trade. All of bound its signatories to honor the right of was corrupt, inefficient, and not achiev­ these results are contrary to the overall free movement across nra.tional borders by ing its goals. It could lead to high costs objectives of the legislation and the man­ the signatories' residents. Article 12 ring­ ingly restated the signatories' dedication to and poor service because foreign-flag date of the USPS the return to loose able development" which "would encour­ sacks; and AMENDMENT TO H.R. 7700 age other countries to enact similar Sixth. Will hamper operations at two openly protectionist laws to the obvious major exchange offices, New York and HON. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, JR. detriment of commerce, trade and pri­ Oakland, because they can only effi­ OF CALIFORNIA vate citizens * * *".Since that time, the ciently accommodate specific size con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES following additional countries have in­ tainers. dicated support for the aide memoire: Mr. Speaker, in light of these prob­ Monday, April 3, 1978 Belgium, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and lems, I find it easy to see why the admin­ • Mr. McCLOSKEY. Mr. Speaker, I am Italy. istration opposes section 12 of H.R. 7700, inserting in the RECORD today an amend­ It should be noted that under the pres­ and I hope my colleagues will support my ment to H.R. 7700 to strike section 12 ent system U.S. carriers carry 62 percent amendment to strike it. of the bill. of the mail. This large percentage is a AMENDMENT TO H.R. 7700 Section 12 was added during the Com­ result of the USPS policy of using U.S.­ Strike Section 12, beginning on page 21, mittee markup, without testimony or flag vessels and section 901 of the Mer­ line 1, through page 22, line 19. hearings. chant Marine Act, 1936, which requires · AIDE MEMOmE It has a serious impact on our mari­ at least 50 percent of all Government The Governments of Denmark, Greece, the time policy in that section 12 would: ge~erated cargo to be carried on U.S. Netherlands and the United Kingdom have First. Require the Postal Service to vessels. noted an amendment to the Postal Service contract with U.S.-flag carriers for the With respect to rate standards, the bill Act of 1977 (HR 7700) which provides for United States flag preference for the car­ surface transportation of mail unless no provides that any rate charged: riage of United States originating interna­ U.S. carrier served the route; shall not be less than the sum of- tional sea mail. They understand that this Second. Require that the rate charged ( 1) The fully distributed cost of common amendment is designed to strengthen United !;e no less than the fully distributed costs carriers; and States Postal Service regulations which in of common carriers plus a fair and (2) A fair and reasonable profit. practice at present allow foreign flag car­ reasonable profit; and This provision puts a floor on bids by riers to be selected for the carriage of such Third. Prevent the Postal Service from carriers. It prevents them from bidding mail. specifying the size and characteristics of The above mentioned Governments wish below the sum of their fully distributed to state that their postal authorities do not containers to be used on specific routes costs and a fair and reasonable profit. give . preference to their own national flag in their solicitations for bids. Even if they wanted to forego profit and carriers and that they would consider the These provisions are ill conceived, un­ bid a break-even rate to meet their com­ strengthening of such preference by the necessary, anti-competitive and should petition they would be prevented from United States as a most undesirable devel­ be deleted from the bill. doing so. As a result this section could opment. Such United States action would April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8529 encourage other countries to enact similar AMS/ OIL has conserved 20 quarts of petro­ most blackmail; extortion and bribery of­ openly protectionist laws to the obvious leum oil, 223.2 gallons of gas, and saved fenses committed in the United States, plus detriment of commerce, trade and private $166.48. a goodly proportion of all robberies. citizens, who are best served when the postal If any of your constituents would be in­ "It achieves this by liberal use of such authorities are free to use carriers offering terested in learning about AMS/ OIL syn­ jurisdictional handles as employment of the the best combination of service and price, thetic lubricants, I e.m prepared to provide mails or telephone, the crossing of a state irrespective of flag. literature which summarizes the above line and the affecting of interstate commerce. The above mentioned Governments there­ experience. "These so-called 'Federal jurisdictional fore request that their strong concern at Respectfully, bases' would federalize crime with no real the amendment be made known in the ap­ NEDD D. MOCKLER .• Federal impact--the only Federal connection propriate quarters in order that it may not would be the happenstance that a phone was become part of any Postal Service Act that is used in c~nnection with the crime." enacted into law.e Quigley estimates that passage of S. 1437 POLICE STATE COMING would likely yield a tenfold increase in the number of crimes the feds could prosecute. HON. JOHN L. BURTON This, he adds, would cause the sharpest break SYNTHETIC OIL REPORT in federal-state relations since the days of OF CALIFORNIA the New Deal. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Passage of 'the bill, Quigley a.'~ues , "would HON. NEWTON I. STEERS, JR. Monday, April 3, 1978 give rise to ~ Federal crime bureaucracy of OF MARYLAND heretofore unthinkable dimensions. More e Mr. JOHN L. BURTON. Mr. Speaker, Federal judges, prosecutors and prisons IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the proposed overhaul of the entire Fed­ would be needed, and the Federal Bureau of Monday, April 3, 1978 eral system of criminal justice, which is Investigation would grow .: nto a national police force." • Mr. STEERS. Mr. Speaker, as a mem­ the essence of S. 1437, is nothing less ber of the Ad Hoc Committee on Energy, than a frightening and complicated re­ The bill is now being studied by the sub­ write of nearly all the criminal laws for committee on Criminal Justice of the House I support all cost effective efforts for Judiciary Committee. One of the members of potential energy conservation. I would this country. this subcommittee, Representative Elizabeth like to call to the attention of my col­ Since the 89th Congress, lawmakers Holtzman of Brooklyn, is much alarmed by leagues a letter I recently received from have been toying w·ith the idea of re­ the police state aspects of this bill. She re­ a constituent indicating his efforts in structuring the Criminal Code. A na­ cently told journalist Nat Hentoff: energy conservation. By employing syn­ tional commissi.on to study the crim­ "It has not been at all widely reported that thetic oil as the lubricant in his auto­ inal justice system was established dur­ the bill increases federal jurisdiction over mobile, he has reduced his consumption ing the 89th Congress and by January law enforcement to such an enormous extent 1971, that Commission made its report that we're headed for a national police force of oil and in addition, has improved his if it passes the House, too." fuel economy by roughly 15 percent. He to Congress. Based on the Commission's work, the Senate Judiciary Committee It is generally believed if the bill gets out further stated, that it was his responsi­ of the full House Judiciary Committee, and bility as an "independent distributor of and the Nixon administration developed onto the fioor, it will pass. Ted Kennedy is AMS/Oll!' to inform the public. their own legislative package to reform twisting all the arms he can find, including Such efforts can reduce our depend­ the code. A modified version of "S. 1" the immensely powerful arm of his Massa­ ence on foreign oil supplies. We there­ has been reincarnated in the form of chusetts House colleague, Speaker Tip O'Neill. fore, applaud and encourage his efforts s. 1437. What worries me most about the whole and of all America.ns who attempt to Columnist Charles McCabe, writing thing, almost as much as the police state meet our goals. I am inserting this letter for the San Francisco Chronicle's March provisions, !s the fact that they have been largely unreported. Conceivably, the national into the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD as a trib­ 9 edition, has written some comments on press is bored by the long, long fight to cod­ ute to such efforts. S. 143'7 which I believe merit the atten­ ify criminal law. I should think the boys TIFFANY AssociATES tion of my colleagues in Congress: would get onto this police state thing-big Gaithersburg, Md., January 13, 1978. POLICE STATE COMING? and soon.e Congressman NEWT STEERS, The name of the measure is S. 1437. It has Cannon House Office Building, been passed by the Senate and is now before Washington, D.C. the appropriate House committee. It is some­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN STEERS: As a member THE IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS: times called "Son of S. 1," the notorious THE UNFORESEEN CONSEQUENCES of the House Energy Committee you may be measure con ta.ining the Nixon administra­ interested in the following: By employing tion's attempted repeal of many of the B111 synthetic oil and lubricants in my auto­ of Rights provisions. An angry concourse of HON. G. WILLIAM WHITEHURST mobiles I both avoid the use of petroleum civil libertarians got this measure killed. oil and improve fuel economy by 10-20 per­ OF VIRGINIA S. 1437 is generally thought to be a. better cent. Can you imagine the potential for en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ergy conservation if all your constituents b111 than S. 1, but is st111 far from reassur­ similarly contributed? ing to those who feel strongly about civil Monday, April 3, 1978 The synthetic oil (AMS/ OIL) I use has a liberties. The overall purpose of each meas­ ure was to recodify all the federal criminal e Mr. WHITEHURST. Mr. Speaker, the 25,000 mile drain rating. Using petroleum following article, by George Laycock, ap­ oils, four 5-quart changes at 6,000-mile law of the United States. The chief political intervals used to cost me $68.80 every 24,000 clout behind the b111 comes from its spon­ peared in the April 1978, issue of Sierra, miles (Oil: 20 qts at $1.25=$25.00; Filters: sor, Senator Ted Kennedy of Massachusetts. the bulletin of the Sierra Club. It out­ 4 at $5.95=$23.80; Labor: 4 changes at The bill is a. tremendously comolex one. lines clearly and effectively the problems $5.00=$20.00). Now, with synthetic oil one Infiuentia.l newspapers, with the notable ex­ which are caused by the introduction of installation of 5 qts plus 1 qt at a 12,500- ception of the Los Angeles Times, have on nonnative species of plants and ani­ mile filter change costs $47.40 per 25,000 mile the whole supported it. From what I know of mals, and I commend it to the attention period (Oil: 6 qts at $4.25=$25.00; Filters: it, I am against it for one chief reason. of my colleagues. 2 at $5.95=$11.90; Labor: original oil If enacted, the bill would federalize crime change and a filter replacement only at to an extent that would virtually bring a THE IMPORTATION OF ANIMALS: THE UNFORESEEN CONSEQUENCES 12,500-miles each at $5.00=$10.00). That national police into being. This is a facet represents a. savings in lubrication costs of of the bill that has been too little examined. (By George Laycock) $21.40 every 25,000 miles. And, that's not all. From the beginning of our country, the When the rumor first spread that the Ohio The superior anti-friction properties of syn­ major agent for dealing with crime has been Division of Wildlife was experimenting with thetic oil increases fuel efficiency with re­ the states. Federal crime has existed in the a new variety of carp in the shallow ponds of ports from 1 to 12 miles per gallon. My own shadows and on the borders of state en­ the old fish hatchery, my initial impulse was experience has confirmed between 1 and 3 forcement. The new bill changes all that. to dismiss it as false. We did not need an­ miles per gallon. An increase of 2 miles per It would give the federal government power other carp-after all, the old one promises to gallon on a car averaging 14 miles per gallon to punish crimes that have never before been last indefinitely. with a petroleum oil represents a gas savings within the purview of the federal govern­ The century-old story of that original of about 15 percent. This car driven 25,000 ment. carp's invasion of American waters has be­ miles saves (223.2 gal at $.65) $145.08 in gas S. 1437, according to John Quigley, pro­ come a classic. The carp arrived here wel­ expenses. ADDED UP: In a 25,000 mile period fessor of law at Ohio State University, "would comed and blessed by all except a few spoil­ (roughly one year) the use of synthetic give Federal authorities power to punish sports who were "against progress." Typical 8530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 of the supporters' reaction was the excited a pair, among them skylarks, starlings, Euro­ biologists view the walking catfish as a dis­ response of Nevada's first Fish Commissioner, pean robins, song thrushes, house sparrows, tinct threat to native game fish but no long­ H. G. Parker. In his report to the governor in dunnocks, nightingales, blackbirds, siskins, er hold hope of eradicating it. 1879, Parker made a plea for $1,000. "My first great tits and corn crakes. Yet just half a Also in Florida, there is persistent con­ expenditure therefrom will be for the intro­ century earlier John'J. Audubon had been as­ cern that the piranha might become estab­ duction of carp . . . a German fish, and the tounded at the abundance of beautiful native lished. If this has not already happened, it most delicious of all known fishes." He birds in and around Cincinnati--orioles, could occur easily enough in a state where praised carp in glowing terms as a food fish cardinals, warblers, and tanagers, and many the aquarium industry is a major enterprise. with no superior and Insisted that the people more. Other acclimatization societies were Anyone doubting that piranha might be of Nevada would possess a grand luxury once busy in St. Louis, Portland, Phlladelphla and turned free should consider a case of some the carp was established. "Carp should be as elsewhere. months ago In Rocky River near Cleveland, plentiful to our people as chickens," he said. Exotic species are sometimes intr~4uced for Ohio. Boys fishing that stream caught a "One of my greatest aims has been to stock economic reasons. Sugar cane planters in piranha that promptly cut one boy's hand our waters with the best species of carp." · Jamaica and some of the Ha.walia.n Islands severely. A second piranha was then found He knew, as did fisheries people across faced an infestation of cane rats. They im­ in the same fishing hole. Although these the country at that time, of Rudolph Hes­ ported and released a breeding stock of mon­ tropical fish are unlikely to survive northern sel's recent success in Importing a breeding gooses to eliminate the rats. This in turn winters, the episode is a. certain indication stock of carp from Germany. With the bless­ created more problems and the planters that an aquarium owner no longer wanted ing of the federal government, Hessel es­ the meat-eating pets but could not face have yet to con:trol the mongoose population. destroying them. tablished the fish 1n ponds In Boston, then in Simlla.rly, house sparrows were imported, at Washington, D.C. Legislators were excited Almost as dreaded are the tiny South about the carp. Here was evidence that the least in part, in the mistaken belief that they American fishes known as candiru. They too politicians in Washington were watching out would control insect pests of shade trees. could probably establish themselves in south­ for the folks back home. Congressmen prac­ The quickest way to learn for myself ern states. South American natives have a tically lined up to get their share of young whether or not there was truth in the rumor deep fear of these fish, and with good reason. carp to ship back to their own states. Within that grass carp were newly installed at the The candiru are small enough to work them­ two years the fish had gone out to 38 states nearby fish hatchery was to pay it a. visit. selves into the urogenital openings of both and territories and begun Its swift inva­ The manager, working in the ponds with an men and women bathers. Removing the fish sion of American waters. assistant, told me that they had acquired the from its victims often requires surgery. From a carp's viewpoint the whole project new experimental carp from Arkansas (the Florida has suffered most from infestations was an astt>undlng success. The carp ad­ epicenter of the current American infesta­ of unwanted exotic species. SCientists point vanced from stream to stream and lake to tion of these fish) and hoped the carp could to a long list of established foreign species lake, taking over waters previously occupied be used to keep the hatchery ponds free of including the blue talapla, imported In 1961 by native fish, rooting In the mud, sllting the algae that choke them through the sum­ for weed control and now crowding bass and spawning waters and, perhaps worst of all, mer months. bluegills out of their native waters. "By the proving soon enough that it lacked great The first grass carp came to the United end of this century," predicts Dr. Walter R. merit either as food or as a. sporting fish. States from Taiwan In 1963 and were shipped Courtenay, zoologist at Florida Atlantic Uni­ In short, Importation of the carp proved to Auburn University In Alabama. The idea versity, "there w111 be very few native fish to be a disaster of shocking proportions. The was that they might help control some of left in the fresh waters of southeast Florida. action could not be reversed; the carp is so the proliferating exotic weeds that infest There is just no way we can prevent the entrenched that even today there is little waters throughout the southeastern states. exotics from taking over." hope of eradicating it, despite continuing re­ A later shipment arrived at the U.S. Fish and Meanwhile experiments continue with in­ search and management efforts. Wildlife Service fisheries research station at troductions of peacock fish, also from South I was told by Ohio omclals that the new Stuttgart, Arkansas. Both federal and state America, which are considered by some to be "grass carp," a.lSb known as the white a.mur, biologists in Arkansas praise the grass carp. exciting sport fish. But little Is known about could in no way become the problem the old­ The state has stocked it in more than 100 the peacock fish's effect on any kind of na­ fashioned carp had proved to be. The grass lakes and streams and fish farmers there tive fish. Texas Is also interested in estab­ carp was needed, the story went, to help keep continue to promote Its spread to new waters lishing Nlle perch in its large reservoirs waters free of weeds, and It would do so be­ nationwide. where water is warmed by electric power cause of its hearty appetite for vegetable Concern about the grass carp's effects led plant emuents. The Nile perch is a predator matter. Promises were also made that the to the 1969 Conference on Exotic Fishes and that can weigh as much as 300 pounds. white a.mur, which can weigh as much as 70 Related Problems conducted in Washington, Curiously, exotics that are established ac­ pounds, would prove valuable as a. sport fish. D.C. by the Sport Fisheries Institute and cidentally may develop their own defenders These were strong inducements; many crea­ sponsored by The American Fisheries SOCi­ who stand ready to fight control efforts. For tures have been imported with less to rec­ ety and The American Society of Ichthyol­ example, the Wild Burro Protection Associa­ ommend them. ogists and Herpetologists. Professionals at tion acts as advocate for the personable little There is nothing new about our fondness that conference begged for serious research burros infesting the dry slopes and canyons for non-native species. The earliest settlers on the gass carp before additional stocking of Death Valley National Monument in Cali­ to reach these shores brought their favorite was carried out. fornia, the Grand Canyon and other western domestic plants and animals, and soon wlld That plea, however, has been largely ig­ lands. These descendants of the North Afri­ animals were also imported for release in nored in Arkansas. Grass-carp enthusiasts can ass have long served as beasts of burden. the New World. Thousands of such introduc­ ha. ve also ignored the warnings of biologists They found their way into western lands tions have been tried. In this way America that this fish could seriously compete with in the company of "single-blanket jackass" adopted the common pigeon, house sparrow, native species and, 1f it spreads into north­ prospectors who burdened them with their ern waters, destroy wild rice crops and bring worldly belongings, including shovels, pans starling and assorted other species completely new hardships to native waterfowl. other foreign to New world ecosystems. Not all the and coffee pots. The old prospectors passed states have heeded the warnings and banned on, leaving their burros to care for them­ imports released in the wlld have flourished. importation of the carp. Among them is To survive, a newly introduced species must selves, and today the progeny of these bur­ Missouri which, because its neighbor is ros number 1600 in Death Valley alone. find food, shelter and conditions that allow it Arkansas, must face the threat of grass carp The burros' impact on the desert ecosys­ to rear its young; this entails discovering an regardless of its strong feelings against the tem is substantial. Studies show that those unoccupied niche or pushing aside animals entire project. Grass carp can already be in Death Valley consume in excess of ten tons already present. found In 40 states. Having reassessed its ini­ of forage daily. In addition they dominate Old lessons seem to be forgotten or ignored, tial fllrtation with the grass carp, Ohio soon desert water holes. Their most obvious vic­ however, and each new generation casts long­ disposed of its experimental stock and joined tim is the desert bighorn sheep, which has ing glances at foreign creatures on distant the growing list of states banning the fish. been dwindling in numbers as the burros shores. In one recent year imported wildlife Unfortunately, stock 1s st1ll ·ava1lable, and flourish. The native bighorn may well become included 114,446 mammals, 689,404 foreign some pond owners are reportedly purchasing extinct in Death Valley unless something birds, 2,504.096 reptlles, 583,441 amphibians grass carp and freeing them lllegally. is done soon to bring the burros under con­ and 112,291,686 fish, largely for ·the pet and Other exotic fishes have also muscled their trol. laboratory trades. way Into American waters in recent years. But bighorn sheep are not the only vic­ Reasons for our everlasting search for Perhaps the most famous of these is Florida's tims. Forage consumed by the burros is the promising exotics are varied. Animals may be walking catfish. This fish, capable of breath­ natural food of seed-eating birds and of introduced because somebody believes they ing air, has a choice of locomotion methods. rodents on which birds of prey survive. No will provide sport for hunters or fishermen. When population pressures or other factors animal can enter an existing ecosystem with­ Others are imported because of sentiment. trigger a reaction, the fish climbs out of the out sending ripples throughout that wild Immigrants from Europe fostered the im­ water and sets off cross-country, "walking" community. portation of a. long list of fa.mllla.r songbirds on its pectoral fins. First released about 1965 Imported goats, too, continue to destroy from other lands. Between 1872 and 1874 a. by aquarium dealers in southern Florida, it the vegetation of fragile lands on which group of "a.cclima.tizers" in Cincinnati spent has since infested waters throughout south­ they were released. The Sierra Club recently t9000 to import European songbirds at $4.50 ern and central Florida. Florida fisheries brought a suit against the Hawali Depart- April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8531 ment of Land and Natural Resources con­ ticipated in the just completed special people live. A new commitment to our cities tending that the department's purposeful election that Bruce Kriegman of TED is a requirement of justice. maintenance of feral goats and sheep on the WEiss' office was elected to the House A new national urban policy is required Island of Hawali critically threatens the to revitalize our urban areas as decent places habitat of the Palila, an endangered bird Fair Employment Practices Committee for our people to live and work. We must living only on the slopes of Mauna Kea. In grievance panel. • construct both policy and program to pre­ one national park on the Big Island, National serve and enhance the social fabric and com­ Park ·Service employees have been working munity life of our cities while at the same ~bring the goats under control. time respecting the neighborhoods which Goats are also damaging San Clemente NATIONAL COUNCIL OF CHURCHES' are the cornerstone of urban life. This policy, Island, a 21-mile-long. piece of federal land MEMORANDUM ON NATIONAL we believe, must include: off the Southern California coast. These free­ ISSUES 1. A national commitment to genuine full roaming goats are descendants of animals re­ employment and special programs to provide leased by early explorers or whalers. When jobs to the jobless in depressed urban areas. the Navy took charge of the island in 1934, HON. JOHN BRADEMAS 2. A reformed national welfare system there were 30,000 goats there. Recently 6500 OF INDIANA which assures a decent income for all Amer­ goats were rounded up and shipped to the ican families and which lifts the burden mainlaid, leaving behind another 3000 that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of welfare costs from local governments. had taken refuge in the rocky canyons. The Monday, April 3, 1978 3. A renewed national housing policy goats continue to destroy the island'.;; en­ which seeks to provide decent housing at an demic plants; scientists believe eight species e Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, on affordable cost for poor and moderate-in­ have already been destroyed and eight more February 24, 1978, a number of the offi­ come families. are threatened. cers and leaders of the National Council 4. Efforts to promote reinvestment in urban Of tlie thousands of efforts made to in­ of Churches met with President Carter areas through new economic development troduce exotic wildlife to new lands, most to discuss with him a number of their and financing structures, as well as pro­ fail. And of those that establish populati::>ns, concerns as Christians and representa­ grams to combat disinvestment and redlin­ few species are considered a valuable asset. tives of a major segment of the religious ing, and to provide incentives for private in­ Even the pheasant and the brown trout have vestment in depressed urban areas. had destructive biological impacts, and the community in the United States. 5. Comprehensive national health insur­ fact that no one measured these impacts, nor I insert at this point in the RECORD the ance. any longer can measure them, does not miti­ text of the "Background Memorandum" 6. Comprehensive reform of tax laws to gate the damage. Shuffling animals about the prepared by the National Council of establish a just and equitable system of earth is risky and often irresponsible. Even Churches for this meeting: taxation based on the abil1ty to pay. the most thorough scientific studies cannot The memorandum follows: 7. Reformed federal assistance and pro­ predict with certainty how an animal wlll BACKGROUND MEMORANDUM FOR PRESIDENT curement policies which seek to aid de­ adjust to a new environment. A classic ex­ CARTER REGARDING CONCERNS WHICH OFFI­ clining urban areas. ample of this occurred when eastern gray CERS AND LEADERS OF THE NATIONAL CoUNcn. 8. Recognition of the importance of n-eigh­ squirrels were transplanted from New Jersey OF CHURCHES WANT To DISCUSS WITH HIM borhoods and community organizations in to the British Isles. Once they began spread­ AT THEIR MEETING FEBRUARY 24, 1978 urban recovery. ing through English woodlands, the squirrels Mr. President, we thank you for providing We would particularly lift up for your developed an unexpected eating habit: they us with an opportunity to discuss with you attention the first two items in these policy learned to eat the bark of valuable culti­ some of the concerns, which we believe you needs. vated trees, often girdling and killing them. share, about the life and health of our FULL EMPLOYMENT Says a publication of the U.S. Fish and Wild­ nation. We wish to assure you that we iden­ In light of the persistence of high levels life Service, "There is some risk with any tify particularly with your statement of of unemployment and the enormous econom­ importation." purposes for our nation's policy as expressed ic, social and human costs involved, we in The only safe way to approach the whole in your State of the Union Message: To the religious community believe that a major question of exotics is to leave wild animals insure economic justice, advance human new commitment of will and resources •o where they occur naturally. The next best rights, resolve confiicts without violence, and achieve genuine full employment is urgently answer is to control the reshutlling of wild­ proclaim our faith in the liberty and dignity required. life through legislation. of human beings everywhere. As religious leaders, we enter this aebate IN THE BEGINNING . . . As you know, our religious tradition and not as experts or policymakers, hut as men Ipswich Sparrows nest only on Sable Is­ our understanding of the Gospel compel us and women concerned about the human land, a small low outpost in the Atlantic 100 to study, speak out and act on issues which toll of unemployment in our families and miles off Nova Scotia. Their estimated breed­ relate to the quality of our national life communities. We fear that our nation is be­ ing population is only 4000 birds. They were today and the relations which our nation has coming apathetic and unconcerned about first threa"tened with extinction when rabbits, with other nations in an increasingly inter­ the human tragedy and enormous waste introduced long ago as a source of food, de­ dependent world. Within the political tradi­ which result from large-scale joblessness. If pleted the island's vegetation. The rabbits tion of our republic, we believe that it is our response is indifference and inaction, were followed by rats, which escaped from important that there be continuing dialogue we have jeopardized far more than a portion a wreck; they too posed a serious problem between political leaders and those who of our work force or national product; we to the sparrows, but almost exterminated represent various private associations of citi­ have lost a critical measure of social justice the rabbits. Cats were then introduced; they zens and their views regarding national and concern for human dignity. successfully cleared out the remaining rab­ issues. As representatives of a major segment We believe that ·the inability of our econ­ bits and all the rats, but they ate sparrows of our nation's religious community, we are omy to provide sufficient jobs for our peo­ too. So dogs were taken to the island to de­ grateful, therefore, for the opportunity to ple is a serious national failing and requires stroy the cats. This they did, ably assisted share some of our concerns with you and major action on the part of our leaders. We by the lighthousekeeper's gun. Will they pleased to provide you, in anticipation of are particularly concerned that minorities become feral dogs perhaps? No, as there is our discussion together, the following back­ currently experience the highest unemploy­ nothing to support them-unless they prey ground information regarding those con­ ment rates in thirty years and that minority on the island's "wild" horses. In spite of cerns. unemployment has been twice the rate for everything, the Ipswich sparrow survived. DOMESTIC ISSUES whites for two decades. The nearly 40% (Reprinted from "Animal Invaders", by National urban policy unemployment rate among minority youth, Clive Roots, Universe Books, New York, We are pleased that the Administration is even in the face of declining white youth 1976.) • currently reviewing proposals for new initia­ joblessness, is one of our nation's most seri­ tives in urban policy. We are mindful of your ous problems, in our opinion. The human campaign pledges in this respect. waste and the related problems created by HOUSE FAIR EMPLOYMENT The religious values which we hold in com­ this unemployment can only be compounded mon speak of justice, human dignity and in the future when these young people are PRACTICES community. We know that justice is denied full adults. This is a hard-core problem in where opportunities to work, to grow and to our society which can only be addressed by HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER prosper are unavailable. We know that hu­ the government, as it is much too massive to man dignity is threatened where poverty and be dealt with successfully by the private OF COLORADO poor housing prevail. We know that com­ sector. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES munity is impossible to build where fear We urge the Administration to seek imagi­ Monday, April 3, 1978 supplants hope. A bold and compassionate native and effective ways to harness the idle urban policy can help to create new oppor­ human potential of the jobless in meeting e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, I tunities, protect human dignity and rebuild our enormous needs for more housing, bet­ want to announce to all those who par- community in the cities where so many ter transportation, energy conservation. irn- 8532 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 proved education and child care and more and desirabllity of a guaranteed income, say­ efforts to base eligibility for federal pro­ adequate health care. ing that: grams, such a.s food stamps, on a measure of It is for this reason that we commend Such a program should meet the following a family's past financial situation. We believe the action of this Administration in its en­ criteria: that eligibility for assistance should be based dorsement of the Full Employment and Bal­ ( 1) It should be adequate to maintain on the current needs of the family. anced Growth Act. We in the religious com­ health and human decency. We pledge ourselves to continue to work munity have been active participants in ( 2) It should be administered so as to with the Administration and the Congress the effort to promote legislation which seeks maintain health and human decency. on the concerns which we have raised here, to achieve full employment through eco­ ( 3) It should be administered so as to and on other issues relevant to welfare re­ nomic planning, structural reforms and the adjust benefits to changes in cost of living. form. establishment of genuine employment goals, (4) It should be developed in a manner INTERNATIONAL ISSUES because we believe that full employment is which will respect the freedom of persons to Nuclear disarmament the first priority of our economic life. manage their own lives, increase their power Seeing strong Presidential leadership in In March of 1976 the Governing Board of to choose their own careers, and enable them principle on the issues of arms control and the National Council of Churches adopted to participate in meeting personal and com­ disarmament has given us great encourage­ a "Resolution on Full Employment" which munity needs. ment. concluded: (5) It should be designed to afford incen­ We commend you for using the symbollc Therefore, the Governing Board of the tive to productive activity. and real power of your office to advance the NCC asserts that full employment is an es­ (6) It should be designed in such a way cause of disarmament. sential element of a more just economic or­ that existing socially desirable programs and The member communions of the National der and that every individual should be values are conserved and enhanced. Council of Churches have long shared a. guaranteed the right and the opportunity We recognize that the guaranteed income common o.a.ll to work for peace with justice is not a substitute for programs of full em­ through the responsible use of power. to a job at adequate compensation. We com­ ployment and human resource development. mit ourselves to the task of shaping a na­ It is not a panacea for all the socio-economic STRATEGIC ARMS LIMITATION TALKS (SALT ll) tional policy of full employment which problems encountered by the family and the The goals you have set for your admin­ would provide the hopes for a better and individual in the course of a life cycle. At the istration would, for the first time since we more productive life for ourselves, our fam­ same time, we are compelled to acknowledge entered the nuclear age result not in "con­ ilies and our neighbors. We call upon the that our socio-economic system works im­ trols" or "ceilings" but in reductions of the Federal Government to make full employ­ perfectly. It is, therefore, the responsibility number of nuclear weapons, and you dram­ ment the nation's number one priority. of society to devise new institutions which atized this issue by your call for a goal of As early as 1958 our governing body more adequately fulfill basic human rights. "zero nuclear weapons.'' adopted a Policy Statement which said in While recognizing that a comprehensive We look forward to the signing of a SALT part: change in the welfare system, such as that II treaty with its built-in commitment to The government should give continued embodied in the Administration's blll, in­ move immediately into SALT III negotia­ consideration to both short-run and long­ volves complex technical and administrative tions leading to the first real reductions in term measures to restore and maintain em­ issues, we are primarily concerned with those the effort by the two super powers to cap ployment levels. The government has a re­ provisions that bear most directly on the hu­ the nuclear arms race. We are mindful of the sponsib111ty to use, when needed as stabiliz­ man and moral dimensions of the present up-hill battle that you will need to sustain ers and other aids, the vast resources avail­ efforts to reform the welfare system. The pro­ to realize Senate ratification. able in its fiscal, monetary, public works, posed Better Jobs and Income Act reflects an COMPREHENSIVE TEST BAN TREATY (CTBT) and other economic powers. awareness of many of these issues. It is par­ In commending the Administration's en­ On taking office, you proceeded quickly ticularly commendable that this bill is devel­ and aggressively with negotiations to bring dorsement of the Full Employment and Bal­ oped around a central policy of providing anced Growth Act, we would note that we to completion the negotiation of a compre­ jobs for those who can work and assistance hensive test ban treaty. expect the government to commit to the for those who cannot, and that it eliminates implementation of full employment legisla­ With the announcement on November the features in the current programs which 22, 1977 by President Leonid Brezhnev of tion the resources which this bill's enact­ encourage the break-up of marriages and the ment would require. Soviet willingness to agree to a moratorium dissolution of extended family living. on peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE's), We in the religious community have been In light of our focus, there are, however, and will continue to be active participants there is renewed hope that the Trilateral several issues that we would like to raise con­ Negotiations (Great Britain, USSR, and the in public debate on the question of full cerning the proposed welfare reform legisla­ US) may be in sight of a treaty text. employment legislation and we look forward tion. to strong advocacy on the part of the Ad­ It is our hope that the CTBT may be signed Jobs.-We believe that the jobs and train­ by the three nations before the opening of ministration as Congress takes up this ques­ ing provided under this bill must be socially tion in the very near future. the United Nations Special Session on Dis­ useful and that they should provide future armament on May 23, 1978 giving a psycho­ WELFARE REFORM employment opportunity so that those on logical boost as 149 nations gather f<:1r the We are greatly concerned about the poor, welfare may become full participants in the first time since World War II to discuss dis­ the disadvantaged, the aged, and the chil­ nation's work force. Some of the provisions of armament. We urge you to use your influence dren in our society. Religious communities the bill create disincentives for people to to realize this objective. have traditionally been concerned for the take public service jobs rather than private dispossessed and the vulnerable, conscious sector jobs, which suggests that the labor of NON PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS of the hardships that many of our citizens public service workers is somehow inferior. It More than any other President and even face in meeting their daily needs. We are, is also clear that the public service jobs pro­ during your campaign, you raised the con­ therefore, encouraged by the Administra­ vided in the proposed act are designed only sciousness of the country as to the imminent tion's legislative proposals related to the as temporary employment. What is needed, threat of the proliferation of nuclear weap­ desperate need for comprehensive welfare we feel, is the integration of welfare reform ons capabllity to 10, 20, or 30 additional reform. with a comprehensive full employment policy nations. Most Americans would acknowledge that that provides jobs for all Americans able and The National Council of Churches Resolu­ the present welfare system has failed to meet willing to work in both the public and pri­ tion on Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons Re­ the needs of our people. Benefits are inade­ vate sectors, doing useful work at decent sulting from Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing quate and inequitably distributed; certain wages. _ Technology adopted by the Governing Board policies and practices encourage the breakup Benefits.-We are concerned that the level on October 8, 1976 affirms your policy to of families; and there are many wage earners of benefits for those not expected to work is postpone exports that would make weapons­ who receive little or no assistance even inadequate. The proposed benefit level of grade material available. though their wages are too low to provide $4,200 for a family of four is less than two­ Because your stand is courageous, it has for their famllies. Our failure to maintain thirds of the poverty level and represents an met formidable opposition and will require a policy and an economy in which we as a improvement in benefit levels only in twelve continued effort on your part. The NCC is nation provide jobs for those who can work states. While the states are encouraged to committed by this resolution to support and an adequate income for those who can­ supplement the basic federal payment, there your objectives. is no guarantee that those now receiving not is being paid for by the human costs of NEUTRON BOMB suffering, alienation, the deterioration of adequate benefits will not be hurt. Further­ family life, drug abuse, alcoholism and other more, the program is scheduled to begin in The neutron bomb has struck the moral problems. 1981 and yet there is no provision for im­ nerve of an unexpected large number of With these concerns in mind, the Govern­ provement in the initial benefit levels or in­ Americans, and throughout Europe. ing Board of the National Council of creases reflecting changes in the cost of liv­ A bomb that was billed as "clean" which Churches adopted a Policy Statement "On ing between then and when the bill was in­ killed people and preserved property Guaranteed Income" on February 22, 1968. troduced in 1977. stretched the limits of the American toler­ The Governing Board endorsed the concept Eligibility.-In the past we have opposed ance for nuclear weaponry. April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8533

It is our understanding that you are moment to manifest our long standing con­ nated by the Rules Committe~of the awaiting indication of consensus from Europe cern regarding the situation in South Africa.. time, place, and purpose of all meet~ngs in support of a decision to produce and Violence already is a reality in South Africa, deploy. but we must urge you to bring to bear the when scheduled, and any cancellatiOns we urge you to disapprove this weapon, pressure of full U.S. economic sanctions e.s or changes in meetings as they occur. and assure you we are working toward that the last non-violent action remaining which As an interim procedure until the end. ma.y yet avert the impending and unaccept­ computerization of this information be­ ARMS SALES able human disaster. comes operational, the Office of the On May 19, 1977 you announced your con­ We commend you for your efforts to Senate -Daily Digest will prepare this ventional arms transfer policy. You said, achieve ratification of the United Nations information for printing in the Exten­ "The virtually unrestrained spread of con­ Covenants on Civil and Political and Eco­ sions of Remarks section of the CoNGRES­ ventional weaponry threatens stabllity in nomic, and Social and Cultural Rights. SIONAL RECORD on Monday and Wednes­ every region of the world." We remain hopeful that the political cli­ mate and the Congressional schedule will day of each week. You continued, "I have concluded that the Any changes in committees scheduling United States will henceforth view arms soon make it possible to actively pursue the transfers as an exceptional foreign policy ratification of these international treaties to will be indicated by placement of an implement to be used only where it can be promote a.nd protect human rights. asterisk to the left of the name of the already demonstrated that the transfer con­ GENOCIDE TREATY unit conducting such meetings. tributes to our national security interests The tragedy of World Wa.r II in which an Meetings scheduled for Tuesday, . . . in the future the burden of persuasion entire people were almost annihilated can April 4, 1978, may be found in Daily will be on those who favor a particular arms never be allowed to occur again. Genocide Digest of today's RECORD. sale, rather than those who oppose it." must be formally condemned by our country. MEETINGs ScHEDULED-­ It is with great disappointment that we In 1948, the U.S. worked very hard on the do not see your commitment to lead the APRIL 5 draft of the Genocide treaty yet we are not 9:00a.m. effort to reduce the international conven­ one of the eighty-three nations who have tional arms race honored. Armed Services ratified it. Research a.nd Development Subcommittee U.S. world-wide FY '77 sales of $11.5 billion Power political groups which had hereto­ were up from FY '76 and the $13.2 billion in To resume closed hearings on S. 2571, fore opposed the treaty such as the Ameri­ FY 79 authorizations for military FY '78 represents a 17 percent increase. ·can Bar Association have now called for How ce.n this but encourage the worldwide procurement. ratification. 212 Russell Building growth in militarism with its waste of this We appreciate your support of the treaty earth's resources and its increased risk of war. and we urge you to continue active efforts Commerce, Science, and Transportation MILITARY SPENDING to create the climate in the Senate for Consumer Subcommittee Again our expectations prompted by your ratification. To continue hearings on S. 2796, au­ thorizing funds through FY 81 for the campaign commitment that we would begin PANAMA CANAL TREATIES a slow but steady decrease in military spend­ Consumer Product Safety Commission. The principle of negotiating a new and 5110 Dirksen Building ing have been met by an FY '78 defense more just relationship between the United budget with a 9.4 percent increase or 3.4 pre­ Energy and Natural Resources States and Panama has been strongly af­ To resume hearings on S. 499, 1500, 1546, cent real increase after inflation with the firmed by the National Council of Churches same increase projected out five years. 1787, and 2465, to designate or add for sometime. certain lands in Alaska to the National The size of these expenditures can only be The National Council of Churches in Feb­ interpreted to mean that domestic priorities Park, National Wildlife Refuge, Na­ will be unmet. ruary, 1976 sent a fact-finding delegation to tional Wild and Scenic Rivers, and Panama. Since then we have taken action National Wilderness Preservation HUMAN RIGHTS in support of the treaties, and have been Systems. Human Rights is and has been at the heart at work providing educational resources to 3110 Dirksen Building of the concerns and work of the National inform church members of the significance Council of Churches. We are therefore and value of the treaties. •Environment and Public Works Resource Protection Subcommittee heartened by your commitment and your We commend you for bringing to comple­ initiatives to include human rights e.s e. To continue oversight hearings on the tion the long years of negotiations, and for Environmental Noise Control Act (P.L. basic element in the formation of your for­ your effort to bring about ratification of eign policy. The elevation of the Human 92-574). the treaties. 4200 Dirksen Building Rights Office to an Assistant Secretary posi­ CONCLUSION tion in the State Department has changed Finance Mr. President, this is not, of course, an Social Security Subcommittee the tone from the laissez-faire of the past to exclusive listing of the current concerns active commitment. To hold hearings on S. 2503, S. 2501, and of the National Council of Churches, nor related bills, dealing with refinancing We are mindful of the power you exert of each of its constituent communions. The e.s President to assure that United States aid of the social security system. issues raised here, however, do represent 2221 Dirksen Building does not stabilize and support governments some of the more urgent needs of our nation "engaging in a consistent pattern of gross which we believe require careful considera­ Human Resources violation of human rights." You: tion and bold initiatives by you and your Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ propose which countries receive aid; Administration. mittee arrange sales of military equipment and To hold hearings on S. 2416, proposing weaponry to foreign governments (amount­ We hope and trust that our refiections will extension through FY 81 the program ing to $11.3 b111ion in 1977); be helpful to you as you make your own of assistance for nurse training. determine which countries are excepted assessment of unmet social needs in this 4332 Dirksen Building from human rights considerations; country and how government should respond to them. We trust also that you will wel­ 9:30a.m. permit U.S. industries to obtain licenses to Appropriations sell to foreign purchasers; come our views regarding peace and jus­ tice issues affecting our rj:!latlons with other Agriculture and Related Agencies Subcom­ determine trade policy (trade sanctions, mittee arms embargoes); peoples and nations. Again, we are deeply grateful for the op­ To hold hearings on budget estimates determine the nature and extent of dip­ portunity to meet with you.e for FY 79 for the Agricultural Stabil­ lomatic contact: and ization and Conservation Service. determine immigration policy for refugees. 1318 Dirksen Building We must have deep concerns about the Armed Services selective nature of the Administration's ap­ Tactical Aircraft Subcommittee plication of human rights criteria to U.S. S·ENATE COMMITTEE MEETINGS To resume closed hearings on S. 2571, FY foreign policy. We must continue to urge you Title IV of the Senate Resolution 4, 79 authorizations for military pro­ to use powers delineated above to make the curement. agreed to by the Senate on February 4, 224 Russell Building foreign policy criteria credible. 1977, calls for establishment of a system We have for many years worked with our •Environment and Public Works Christian colleagues in South Korea, the for a computerized schedule of all meet­ Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee Philippines, countries in La.tin America., the ings and hearings of Senate committees, To continue hearings on proposed legis­ USSR, a.nd other parts of the world support­ subcommittees, joint committees, and lation to provide a. means of safe nu­ ing their struggle to gain or recover their committees of conference. This title re­ clear waste disposal. human rights. quires all such committees to notify the 1202 Dirksen Building We believe this is a particularly urgent Office of the Senate Daily Digest-desig- Governmental Affairs 8534 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 4pril· 3, 1978 Federal Spending Practices and Open Gov­ Energy and Natural Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation ernment Subcommittee Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ To hold a business meeting. To resume hearings on S. 2318, the pro­ mittee · 235 Russell Building posed Buy American Act. To resume hearings on S. 41~. to test the Energy and Natural Resources 3302 Dirksen Building commercial, environmental, and social Parks and Recreation Subcommitte 10:00 a.m. viability of on shale technologies; To hold hearings on S. 1655, to estab­ Appropriations 3110 Dirksen Bullding lish the Lowell National Cultural Foreign Operations Subcommittee 9:00a.m. Park, Massachusetts; S. 2699, relating To resume hearings on budget estimates Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry to the preservation of historical and for FY 79 for foreign aid programs. Nutrition Subcommittee archeological data in parks; and S. 8-12.6, Capitol To resume oversight hearings on the 2566, authorizing funds through FY Appropri-ations woman and infant chlldren feeding 80 for the Pennsylvania Avenue De­ Interior Subcommittee program (WIC), and the child oare velopment Corporation Act (P.L. 92- To continue hearings on budget esti­ food program. 578). mates for FY 79 for the Bureau of In­ 322 Russell Bullding 3110 Dirksen Building dian ,Affairs. Finance Governmental Affairs 1223 Dirksen Building Social Security Subcommittee To hold hearings on S. 2640, proposing Appropriations To continue hearings on S. 2503, S. 2501, reform of the Civil Service laws. Public Works Subcommittee and related bllls dealing with refinanc­ 3302 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on budget esti­ ing of the social security system. Judiciary mates for FY 79 for public works proj­ 2221 Dirksen Bullding To continue hearings on FY 79 authori­ ects. zations for the Department of Justice. 1114 Dirksen Building 9:30a.m. 2228 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Appropriations 10:30 a.m. International Finance Subcommittee Agriculture and Related Agencies SUb­ Select Intelligence To hold hearings on U.S. programs and committee Budget Authority Subcommittee facillties designed to increase U.S. To hold hearings on budget estimates To resume closed hearings on proposed exports. for FY 79 for the Department of Agri­ FY 79 authorizations for Government 5302 Dirksen Building culture and related agencies. inte111gence activities. Budget 1318 Dirksen Building S-407, C-apitol To continue markup of proposed first Armed Services 1:00p.m. concurrent resolution setting forth Tactical Aircraft Subcommittee Select Intelligence recommended levels of total budget Closed business meeting. To continue closed hearings on S. 2571, 8-407, capitol outlays, Federal revenues, and new FY 79 authorizations fm mllltary budget authority. procurement. 2:00p.m. 6202 Dirksen Building ' 224 Russell Building Appropriations Public Works Subcommittee Commerce, Science, and Transportation •commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold oversight hearings into how To continue hearings on budget esti­ To hold hearings on S. 2224, to establish mates for FY 79 for public works the U.S. Coast Guard w111 benefit a national ocean policy, to set forth from two proposed Intergovernmen­ projects. the missions of the National Oceanic 1114 Dirksen Building tal Maritime Consultative Organiza­ and Atmospheric Administration. tion treaties. Budget 235 Russell Building 318 Russell Building To continue mark up of proposed first Judiciary Commerce, Science, and Transportation concurrent resolution setting forth To continJ.Ie hearings on FY 79 authori­ Science, Technology, and Space SUbcom­ recommended levels of total budget zations for the Department of Justice. mittee outlays, Federal revenues, and new 2228 Dirksen Building To resume oversight he-arings on the budget authority. 6202 Dirksen Building Select Intell1gence activities of the National Bureau of To continue hearings on S. 2525, the pro­ Standards, and on S. 2615, authorizing Select Ethics funds for FY 7~1 to carry out the Open business meeting. posed National Intell1gence Reorga­ 8-210, Capitol nization and Reform Act. programs of the Standard Reference 318 Russell Building Data Act. APRIL 7 5110 Dirksen Building 9:00a.m. 10:30 a.m. Armed Services Veterans' Affairs Environment and Public Works Arms Control Subcommittee To hold hearings to receive legislative To hold oversight hearings on the Public To hold closed hearings on the alleged recommendations from AMVETS Para­ Building Cooperative Use Act. Soviet ICBM threat, particularly as it lyzed Veterans of America, and Vet­ 4200 Dirksen Building affects U.S. ICBM forces. erans of World War I. 10:00 a.m . 8-407, Capitol Until 1 :00 p.m. 6226 Dirksen Building Appropriations Commerce, Science, and Transportation 2:00p.m. Interior Subcommittee Consumer Subcommittee Appropriations To hold hearings on budget estimates for To hold hearings on s. 2541, authorizing Defense Subcommittee FY 79 for the Office of Surface Mining. funds for FY 7~2 for certain high­ To continue hearings on budget esti­ 1223 Dirksen Building way safety programs. mates for FY 79 for the defense estab­ Appropriations 5110 Dirksen Building lishment. Energy and Natural Resources 8-128, Coapitol Transportation Subcommittee Energy Research and Development Sub­ Appropriations To hold hearings on budget estimates committee Public Works Subcommittee for FY 79 for the National Railroad To resume hearings on S. 2692, proposed To continue hearings on budget esti­ Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK) . FY 79 authorizations for the Depart­ mates for FY 79 for public works proj­ 1224 Dirksen Building ment of Energy. ects. Appropriations 1202 Dirksen Building 1114 Dirksen Building Public Works Subcommittee 9:30a.m. Budget To continue hearings on· budget esti­ Environment and Public Works To continue markup of proposed first mates for FY 79 for public works Water Resources Subcommittee concurrent resolution setting forth projects. To hold hearings on S. 2701 and 2704, recommended levels of total budget 1114 Dirksen Building bllis to promote a more adequate and outlays, Federal revenues, and new Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs responsive national program of water budget authority. To mark up S. 1010 and H.R. 2777, to research and development. 6202 Dirksen Building establish a National Consumer Coop­ 4200 Dirksen Building APRIL 6 erative Bank. Judiciary 8:00a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building To resume consideration of S. 1874, to Commerce, Science, and Transportation Budget allow consumers and other parties who Consumer Subcommittee To continue markup of proposed first have not dealt directly with an anti­ To continue hearings on s. 2796, author­ concurrent resoution setting forth trust violator to recover their damages izing funds through FY 81 for the recommended levels of total budget under the antitrust laws. Consumers Product Safety Commis­ outlays, Federal revenues, and new 2228 Dirksen Building sion. budget authority. 10:00 a .m. 235 Russell Building 6202 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8535 International Finance Subcommittee Human Resources establishment of housing goals an~ To resume hearings· on S. 2520, FY 79 Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor proposed extension of existing hous-, authorizations for the Export-Import Subcommittee ing programs. Bank. To mark up S. 50, the Full Employment 5302 Dirksen Building 5302 Dirksen Building and Balanced Growth Act. Energy and Natural Resources Budget 1202 Dirksen Building Business meeting on pending calendar To continue mark up of proposed first 9:30a.m. business. concurrent resolution setting forth Health Resources 3110 Dirksen Building recommended levels of total budget Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ Judiciary 1 outlays, Federal revenues, and new mittee To resume hearings on FY 79 authoriza-· budget authority. To hold hearings on S. 2549, FY 79 au­ tions for the Department of Justice. 6202 Dirksen Building thorization for the National Science 2228 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation Foundation. Select Ethics To hold hearings jointly with the Hu­ Untf112 :30 p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building To continue closed hearings concerning man Resources Subcommittee on Edu­ 10:00 a.m. alleged attempts by representatives of cation, Arts, and the Humanities on • Appropriations the Republic of Korea to improperly proposed FY 79-80 authorizations for Transportation Subcommittee influence Members and employees of the National Sea. Grant College pro­ To hold hearings on budget estimates the Senate. gram. 235 Russell Building for FY 79 for the Federal Aviation Until 12:30 p.m. 8-407, Capitol Governmental Affairs Administratlon. 1:30 p.m. To contmue hearings on S. 2640, pro­ 1224 Dirksen Building Select Ethics posing reform of the Civil Service Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. To continue closed hearings concerning laws. To hold hearings to consider the re­ alleged attempts by representatives of 3302 Dirksen Building establishment of housing goals and the Republic of Korea to improperly Joint Economic proposed extension of existing hous­ influence Members and employees of To hold hearings on the employment­ ing programs. the Senate. unemployment situation for March. 5302 Dirksen Building Unitl 5:00 p.m. 8-407, Capitol 1224 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources APRIL 12 Select Indian Affairs Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ 8:30a.m. To hold hearings on S. 857, to provide mittee Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Nu­ Federal financial assistance to Ha­ To hold hearings on FY 79 authoriza­ trition Subcommittee waiian natives, and on S. 859, propos­ tions for the strategic petroleum re- To resume oversight hearings on the ing extension of the Indian Self­ serve. women and infant children feeding Determination and Education Assist­ 3110 Dirksen Building program (WIC). and the child care ance Act to native Hawaiians. Judiciary food program. 318 Russell Building Juvenile Delinquency Subcommittee 322 Russell Building 11:00 a.m. To hold hearings on the problems of seri­ 9:30a.m. Appropriations ous juvenile crimes. Environmental and Public Works HUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee 424 Russell Building Transportation Subcommittee To hold hearings on buc;lget estimates for Select Ethics To mark up proposed Federal aid high­ FY 79 for the Office of Revenue Shar­ To resume closed hearings concerning way legislation. ing, and New York City Seasonal Fi­ alleged attempts by representatives of 4200 Dirksen Building nancing Fund, Department of the the Republic of Korea to improperly Human Resources Treasury. influence Members and employees of Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ 1318 Dirksen Building the Senate. mittee Human Resources Until 12:30 p.m. 8-407, Capitol To continue hearings on S. 2040, pro­ Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ •select Indian Affairs posed Comprehensive Drug Amend­ mittee To hold oversight hearings on the cur­ mentsAct. To mark up S. 2410, to amend certain rent status of the reorganization of Until 12:30 p.m. 4232 Dirksen Buildinll sections of the Public Health Service the Bureau of Indian Affairs. 10:00 a.m. Act relative to health planning and 318 Russell Building Appropriations health resources development and 1:30 p.m. Transportation Subcommittee S. 2579, to establish a President's Com­ Select Ethics· To hold hearings on budget estimates mission for the Protection of Human To continue closed hearings concerning for FY 79 for the Federal Railroad Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral alleged attempts by representatives of Administration. Research. the Republic of Korea to improperly 1224 Dirksen Building Unt111 :00 p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building influence Members and employees of Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 2:00p.m. the Senate. To continue hearings to consider the Until 5:00 p.m. 8-407, Capitol reestablishment of housing goals and Budget 2 :00p.m. proposed extension of existing housing To continue markup of proposed first Appropriations programs. concurrent resolution setting forth Transportation Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building recommended levels of total budget To hold hearings on budget estimates for Commerce, Science, and Transportation outlays, Federal revenues, and new FY 79 for the Urban Mass Transporta­ To hold hearings on proposed FY 79 hudget authority. tion Administration. authorizations for the U.S. Coast 6202 Dirksen Building 1318 Dirksen Building ' Guard. APRIL 10 APRIL 11 235 Russell Building 9:00a.m. 9:30a.m. Energy and Natural Resources Energy and Natural Resources Environment and Public Works Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee To consider proposed building prospec­ To hold hearings on S. 242, 1812, 2606, To hold hearings on S. 74, to amend tuses for the Nuclear Regulatory Com­ and 2310, bills to amend the Federal P.L. 94-565 so as to include payments mission and a. Los Angeles FBI field land reclamation laws. for lands on which certain semiactive stTucture. 3110 Dirksen Building or inactive mil1tary installations are 4200 Dirksen Building Judiciary located. Human Resources To continue hearings on FY 79 author­ 3110 Dirksen Building Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ izations for the Department of Justice. Environment and Public Works mittee 2228 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on S. 2040, proposed Judiciary Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee Juvenile Delinquency Subcommittee To hold hearings on FY 79 authoriza­ Comprehensive Drug Amendments Act. Until 12:30 p.m. 4232 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on the problems of tions for the Nuclear Regulatory serious juvenile crimes. Commission. Judiciary 424 Russell Building 4200 Dirksen Building Constitution Subcommittee Rules and Administration Judiciary To hold hearings on proposed reforms of To hold hearings on S. 1029, to authorize Constitution Subcommittee the Speedy Trial Act (P.L. 93-619). construction of museum support facil­ To hold hearings on S. 571, to provide for 318 Russell Building ities for the Smithsonian Institution, direct enforcement action by HUD in 10:00 a.m. and to consider other legislative mat­ discriminatory housing practices. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs ters. 2228 Dirksen Building To continue hearings_to consider there- 301 Russell Building 8536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 3, 1978 Select Indians Affairs authorizations for the Hazardous Ma­ 9:30a.m. To resume oversight hearings on the terials Transportation Act. Environment and Public Works current status of the reorganization 235 Russell Building Transportation Subcommittee of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Commerce, Science, and Transportation To resume markup of proposed Federal 1202 Dirksen Building Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ aid highway legislation. 2:00p.m. mittee 4200 Dirksen Building Appropriations To mark up S. 2527, proposed FY 79 10:00 a.m. Transportation Subcommittee authorizations for NASA. Commerce, Science, and Transportation To continue hearings on budget esti­ 1202 Dirksen Building To hold hearing~ on H.R. 9370 and mates for FY 79 for the Federal Rail­ Judiciary S. 2582, to provide for the development road Administration. Improvements in Judiciary Machinery of aquaculture in the United States. 1224 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on S. 2253, to encour­ 235 Russell Building age prompt, informal, and inexpensive Energy and Natural Resources APRIL 13 resolution of civil cases by use of ar­ 9:00 a.m. To hold hearings on pending nomina­ bitration in U.S. district courts. tions. Human Resouces 4232 Dirksen Building Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor 3110 Dirksen Building Select Small Business Environment and Public Works Subcommittee To hold hearings on the nomination of To resume markup of S. 50, the Full Environmental Pollution Subcommittee Employment and Balanced Growth Milton D. Stewart, of New York, to be To hold hearings on S. 2083, proposed Oil Act. Chief counsel for Advocacy, Small Pollution Liab1lity and Compensation 155 Russell Building Business Administration. Act, and related bills. 9:30 a.m. 424 Russell Building 6202 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation 9:30a.m. Finance Surface Transportation Subcommittee Environment and Public Works Public Assistance Subcommittee To hold oversight hearings on the Rail Resource Protection Subcommittee To resume hearings on S. 2084, to replace Service Act (PL. 94-210). To continue oversight hearings on and the existing Federal welfare programs 318 Russell Building the reauthorizations for the Endan­ with a single coordinated program. Energy and Natural Resources gered Species Act (P.L. 93-205). 2221 Dirksen Building Energy Conservation and Regulation Sub­ 4200 Dirken Building 2:00p.m. committee •Human Resources Appropriations To hold hearings on S. 2692, proposed Health and Scientific Research Subcom­ State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary FY 79 authorizations for the Depart­ mittee Subcommittee ment of Energy. To mark upS. 2549. proposed FY 79 au­ To hold hearings on budget estimates Room to be announced thorizations for the National Science for FY 79 for the Department of State, Environment and Publics Works Foundation; S. 2416, to extend through and on supplemental appropriations Resource Protection Subcommittee FY 81 the program of assistance for for FY 78. To hold oversight hearings on and the nurse training; and S. 2474, to extend 8-146, Capitol reauthorizations for the Endangered through FY 83 the Public Health Serv­ APRIL 18 Species Act (P.L. 93-205). ice Act. 9 :00a.m. 4200 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building *Environment and Public Works 10:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee Appropriations Appropriations To resume hearings on FY 79 authori­ HUn-Independent Agencies Subcommittee HUD Indenendent Agencies Subcommittee zations for the Nuclear Regulatory To hold hearings on budget estimates To continue hearings on budget esti­ Commission. for FY 79 for HUD. mates for FY 79 for HUD. 4200 Dirksen Building 1318 Dirksen Building 1318 Dirksen Building Human Resources Appropriations Energy and Natural Resources Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Energy Conservation and Regulation Sub­ Subcommittee Subcommittees committee To continue markup of S. 2090 and To hold hearings on budget estimates To continue hearings on S. 2692, pro­ S. 2081, proposing an extension of cer­ for FY 79 for the Arms Control and posed FY 79 authorizations for the tain programs of the Economic Oppor­ Disarmament Agency, Board for Inter­ Department of Energy. tunity Act. national Broadcasting, International 6226 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. Communications Agency, and on sup­ Energy and Natural Resources plemental appropriations for FY 78. Appropriations S-146, Capitol Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs mittee Subcommittee Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 2692, FY 79 To meet in closed session with Secre­ To hold hearings on S. 2691, the Con­ authorizations for the Department of tary of State Vance to discuss foreign gregate Housing Services Act. Energy. policy. 4232 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building 8-146, Capitol Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Governmental Affairs Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs International Finance Subcommittee To resume hearings on S. 991, to create a Financial Institutions Subcommittee To resume hearings on S. 2520, FY 79 senarate Cabinet-level Department of To hold hearings on S. 2096, Right to authorizations for the Export-Import Education. Financial Privacy Act, and S. 2293, to Bank. 3302 Dirksen Building modernize the banking laws with re­ 5302 Dirksen Building APRIL 17 gard to the geographic placement of Energy and Natural Resources 9:00a.m. electric funds transfer systems. Energy Production and Supply Subcom­ Energy and Natural Resources 5302 Dirksen Building mittee To hold hearings on proposed legislation Commerce, Science, and Transportation To resume hearings on S. 2692, FY 79 for the reconstruction of Guam, and Science, Technology, and Space Sub­ authorizations for the Department of on the rehabilitation of Bikini. committee Energy. 3110 Dirksen Building To hold hearings jointly with the Sen­ 3112 Dirksen Building Human Resources ate Banking Subcommittee on Inter­ Energy and Natural Resources Employment, Poverty, and Migratory Labor national Finance on technology ex­ Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee Subcommittee ports and research and development To continue hearings on S. 242, 1812, To mark up S. 2090 and S. 2081 proposing investments. 2310, and 2606, bills to amend the Fed­ an extension of certain programs of the Room to be announced eral land reclamation laws. Economic Opportunity Act. Energy and Natural Resources 3110 Dirksen Building 4332 Dirksen Building Energy Conservation and Regulation Sub­ Judiciary Judiciary committee To continue hearings on FY 79 authori­ Criminal Laws and Procedures Subcom­ To resume hearings on S. 2692, proposed zations for the Department of J.ustice. mittee FY 79 authorizations for the Depart­ 2228 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on S. 2013, to require ment of Energy. APRIL 14 the additional labeling of explosive Room to be announced 9:00a.m. materials for the purpose of identifi­ Energy and Natural Resources Commerce, Science, and Transportation cation and detection. Energy Research and Development Sub­ To hold hearings on S. 1896, FY 79 2228 Dirksen Building committee April 3, 1978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 8537 To mark up S. 2692, FY 79 authorizations Judiciary mates for FY 79 for the Department for the Department of Energy. To continue hearings on FY 79 authori­ of Justice. 3110 Dirksen Building zations for the Department of Justice. S-146, Capitol Environment and Public Works 2228 Dirksen Building APRIL 21 Environmental Pollution Subcommittee Rules and Administration 9:30a.m. To continue hearings on S. 2083, pro­ To resume hearings on S. 2 and S. 1244, Environment and Public Works posed Oil Pollution Liability and Com­ to require periodic reauthorization of Resource Protection Subcommittee pensation Act, and related bills. Government programs, and to con­ To consider proposed resource protection 6202 Dirksen Building sider other legislative and administra­ legislation. 4200 Dirksen Building Finance tive business. 301 Russell Building Judiciary Public Assistance Subcommittee Improvements in Judicial Machinery Sub­ To continue hearings on S. 2084, to re­ APRIL 20 committee place the existing Federal welfare pro­ 9:00a.m. To hold hearings on S. 1314, to provide grams with a single coordinated pro­ Judiciary that State and Federal prisoners may gram. Citizens and Shareholders Rights and 2221 Dirksen Building petition the Federal courts in a writ Remedies Subcommittee of habeas corpus. Judiciary To hold hearings on S. 2390, the Citizens' 2228 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on FY 79 authori­ Access to the Courts Act. zations for the Department of Justice. 6226 Dirksen Building lO:C.O a.m. 2228 Dirksen Building Appropriations 9:30 a.m. MUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee Select Indian Affairs Appropriations To continue hearings on budget esti­ To hold hearings on S. 2375, to establish Agricultural Subcommittee mates for FY 79 for NASA. guidelines to be followed by the De­ To resume hearings on budget esti­ 1318 Dirksen Building partment of the Interior in response mates for FY 79 for the Department Appropriations to petitioning Indian tribes seeking of Agriculture and related agencies. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary an acknowledgment of a Federal re­ 1224 Dirksen Building Subcommittee lationship. Environment and Public Works To continue hearings on budget esti­ 5110 Dirksen Building Regional and Community Development mates for FY 79 for the Department of Select Small Business Subcommittee Justice. To resume hearings on S. 2259, to ex­ To consider proposed regional and com­ S-146, Capitol pand and revise procedures for insur­ munity development legislation. Energy and Natural Resources ing small business participation in 4200 Dirksen Building To hold hearings on pending nomina­ Government procurement activities. Judiciary tions. 424 Russell Building To resume oversight hearings on the ap­ 3110 Dirksen Building 2:00p.m. plication and enforcement of the FBI APRIL 24 Appropriations Charter. 9:00a.m. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary 2228 Dirksen Building Human Resources Subcommittee 10 :00 am. Employment, Poverty, and Migratory La­ To hold hearings on budget estimates Appropriations bor Subcommittee for FY 79 for International Organiza­ MUD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee To mark up S. 2570, to extend the Com­ tions and Conferences and on supple­ To continue hearings on budget esti­ prehensive Employment Training Act mental appropriations for FY 78. mates for FY 79 for NASA. (CETA). S-146, Capitol 1313 Dirksen Building 4232 Dirksen Building APRIL 19 Appropriations Environment and Public Works 9:00a.m. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Nuclear Regulation Subcommittee *Environment and Public Works Subcommittee To consider proposed nuclear regulation Water Resources Subcommittee To receive testimony from Attorney legislation. To consider proposed water resources General Bell on budget estimates for 4200 Dirksen Building legislation. FY 79 for the Department of Justice. 10:00 a.m. 4200 Dirksen Building S-146, Capitol Appropriations 9:30a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Judiciary Financial Institutions Subcommittee Subcommittee Juvenile Delinquency Subcommittee To continue hearings on S. 2096, the To hold hearings on budget estimates To resume oversight hearings on the Right to Financial Privacy Act, and for FY 79 for the Department of Com­ Drug Enforcement Administration's S. 2293, to modernize the banking laws merce, and on supplemental appropria­ effo:rts to control drug trafficking on with regard to the geographic place­ tions for FY 78. U.S. borders with Mexico. ment of ele~tric funds transfer sys­ S-146, Capitol 424 Russell Building tems. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 10:00 a.m. 5302 Dirksen Building To hold oversight hearings on monetary Appropriations Energy and Natural Resources policy. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary 5302 Dirksen Building Subcommittee Energy Conservation and Regulation Sub­ committee Commerce, Science, and Transportation To hold hearings on budget estimates To resume hearings on S. 2692, FY 79 To hold hearings on FY 79 authoriza­ for FY 79 for the Department of Jus­ authorizations for the Department of tions for the Fishery Conservation and tice, and on supplemental appropria­ Energy. Management Act (P.L. 94-265). tions for FY 78. S-126, Capitol 235 Russell Building S-146, Capitol Energy and. Natural Resources Energy and Natural Resources Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Parks and Recreation Subcommittee Financial Institutions Subcommittee Energy Research and Development Sub­ committee To hold hearings on S. 88, to add addi­ To continue hearings on S. 2096, the tional lands to the Sequoia National Right to Financial Privacy Act, and To resume markup of S. 2692, FY 79 authorizations for the Department of Park, California. S. 2293, to modernize the banking 3110 Dirksen Building laws with regard to the geographic Energy. placement of electronic funds transfer 3110 Dirksen Building Energy and Natural Resources systems. Select Indian Affairs Public Lands and Resources Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building To resume hearings on S. 2375, to estab­ To hold oversight hearings on the im­ Energy and Natural Resources lish guidelines to be followed by the plementation of the Surface Mining Business meeting on pending calendar Department of the Interior in response Act (P.L. 95-87). business. to petitioning Indian tribes seeking 6226 Dirksen Building 3110 Dirksen Building an acknowledgment of a Federal Finance Environment and Public Works relationship. Taxation and Debt Management Subcom­ Transportation Subcommittee 318 Russell Building mittee To hold hearings on the status of pro­ 2 :00p.m. To hold hearings on S. 2738, to provide posed construction of a Federal Inter­ Appropriations for the indexation of certain provi­ state Highway near Memphis, Ten- State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary sions of the Federal income tax laws, nessee. Subcommittee and related bills. 4200 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on budget esti- 2221 Dirksen Building 8538 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 4, 1978 2:00p.m. gional and community development To hold hearings on budget estimates Appropriations legislation. for FY 79 for the Civil Rights Com­ State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary 4200 Dirksen Building mission, EEOC, and on supplemental Subcommittee Veterans' Affairs appropriations for FY 78. To continue hearings on budget esti­ To mark up S. 364, to provide for the S-146, Capitol mates for FY 79 for the Department judicial review of administrative deci­ Commerce, Science, and Transportation of Commerce, and on supplemental ap­ sions promulgated by the Veterans' To continue oversight hearings on the propriations for FY 78. Admlnlstra.tlon, and to allow veterans Fishery Conservation and Management S-146, Capitol full access to legal counsel in pro­ Act (P.L. 94-265). APRIL 25 ceedings before the VA; S. 2398, to ex­ 6226 Dirksen Building 9:00a.m. tend the period of eliglblllty for Viet­ Energy and Natural Resources Human Resources nam-era veterans' readjustment ap­ To hold hearings on pending :J.omina.­ Employment, Poverty, and Migratory La­ pointment within the Federal Gov­ tions. bor Subcommittee ernment; and H.R. 5029, authorizing 3110 Dirksen Building To continue markup of S. 2570, to ex­ funds for hospital care and medical 2:00p.m. tend the Comprehensive Employment services to certain Flllplno combat Appropria. tions Training Act (CETA). veterans of WW II. State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary 4332 Dirksen Building 412 Russell Bullding Subcommlttee 9:30a.m. 10:00 a.m. -To hold hearings on budget estimates Environment and Public Works Appropriations for FY 79 for the Renegotiation Board, To consider proposed highway legisla­ HOD-Independent Agencies Subcommittee SEC, and on supplemental appropria­ tion. To hold hearings on budget estimates for tions for FY 78. 4200 Dirksen Building FY 79 for the Federal Home Loan Bank 8-146, Capitol Judiciary Board and the National Institute for APRIL 28 To resume oversight hearings on the Building Sciences. 9:00a.m. application and enforcement of the 1318 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation FBI Charter. Appropriations Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ 2228 Dirksen Build@g State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary mittee 10:00 a.m. Subcommittee To resume overlght hearings to examine To hold hearings on budget estimates the science and technology aspects of Appropriations the Federal Research and Development State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary for FY 79 for the Foreign Claims Set­ tlement Commission, Japan-U.S. budget. Subcommittee 235 Russell Building To receive testimony from Secretary of Friendship Commission, and the Legal Services Corporation. 9:30a.m. Commerce Kreps on budget estimates Environment and Public Works for FY 79 for the Department of Com­ 8-146, Capitol Appropriations Resource Protection merce. To continue consideration of proposed S-146, Capitol Transportation Subcommittee To hold hearings on budget estimates resource protection legislation. Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fa.irs for FY 79 for ConRail and the U.S. 4200 Dirksen Building To continue oversight hearings on mone­ Railroad Association. 10:00 a.m. tary policy. 1224 Dirksen Buildlng Appropriations 5302 Dirksen Building Commerce, Science, and Transportation State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary Energy and Natural Resources· To hold oversight hearings on the Fish­ Subcommittee To resume hearings on S. 499, 1500, 1546, ery Conservation and Management Act To receive testimony on budget esti­ 1787, and 2465, to designate or add (P.L. 94-265). mates for FY 79 for the Departments certain lands in Alaska. to the National 235 Russell Building of State, Justice, Commerce, the Judi­ Park, National Wildlife Refuge, Na­ Energy and Natural Resources ciary, and related agencies. tional Wild and Scenic Rivers, and Na­ To consider pending calendar business. 8-146, Capitol tional Wilderness Preservation 3110 Dirksen Building Banking, Housing, and Urban A1fa.irs Systems. Finance To mark up proposed legislation author­ 3110 Dirksen Building Public Assistance Subcommittee izing funds for those programs which Finance To continue hearings on S. 2084, to re­ fall within the committee's jurisdic­ Public Assistance Subcommittee place the existing Federal welfare pro­ tion. To resume hearings on S. 2084, to replace grams with a. single coordinated pro­ 5302 Dirksen Building the existing Federal welfare program gram. Finance with a. single coordinated program. 2221 Dirksen Building Public Assistance Subcommittee 2221 Dirksen Building •Rules and Administration To resume hearings on S. 2084, to re­ 2:00p.m. To resume hearings on S. Res. 166, to place the existing Federal welfare pro­ Appropria.tions reorganize administrative services of grams with a single coordinated pro­ State, Juntice, Commerce, the Judiciary the Senate, and to consider other leg­ gram. Subcommittee isla. tive ma. tters. 2221 Dirksen Building To continue hearings on budget esti­ 301 Russell Bullding !O:OOa.m. mates for FY 79 for the Department 2:00p.m. Appropriations of Commerce, and on supplemental Appropriations Transportation Subcommittee appropriations for FY 78. Transportation Subcommittee To hold hearings on budget estimates S-146, Capitol To hold hearings on budget estimates for FY 79 for the Office of the Secre­ for FY 79 for the National Transpor­ tary, DOT. APRIL 26 tation Safety Board and the ICC. 1224 Dirksen Building 9:00a.m. 1224 Dirksen Building Commerce Science, and Transportation Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Appropria. tions To continue markup of proposed legis­ Science, Technology, and Space Subcom­ State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary lation authorizing funds for those mittee Subcommittee programs which fall within the com­ To hold oversight hearings to examine To hold hearings on budget estimates mittee's jurisdiction. the science and technology aspects of for FY 79 for the FCC, Federal Marl­ 5302 Dirksen Building the Federal Research and Develop­ time Commission, FTC, Jnterna.tlona.l ment budget. Finance Trade Commission, and on supple­ Public Assistance Subcommittee 5110 Dirksen Building mental appropriations for FY 78. Human Resources To continue hearings on S. 2084, to 8-146, Capitol replace the existing Federal welfare Employment, Poverty, and Migratory La­ APRIL 27 programs with a. single coordinated bor Subcommittee 9:30 a.m. program. To continue markup of s. 2570, to ex­ Environment and Public Works 2221 Dirksen Building tend the Comprehensive Employment Training Act (CETA). Resource Protection MAY3 To resume consideration of proposed re­ 10:00 a .m. 4232 Dirksen Building source protection legislation. 9:30a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 4200 Dirksen Building To continue markup of proposed legis­ Environment and Public Works 10:00 a.m. lation authorizing funds for those Regionp,I and Community Development Approprla. tlons programs which fall within the com­ Subcommittee State, Justice, Commerce, the Judiciary mittee's jurisdiction. To resume consideration of proposed re- Subcommittee 5302 Dirksen Building April 4, 1978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 8539 MAY 4 for Vietnam-era veterans' readjust­ strictions employed by foreign coun­ 10:00 a.m. ment appointment within the Fed­ tries to hold down imports of U.S. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs eral Government; and H.R. 5029, goods. To continue markup of proposed leg­ authorizing funds for hospital care 5302 Dirksen Building islation· authorizing funds for .those and medical services to certain Fili­ programs which fall within the com­ pino combat veterans of WW II. CANCELLATIONS mittee's jurisdiction. 412 Russell Building APRIL 28 4200 Dirksen Building 10:00 a.m. 9:30a.m. Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs Judiciary MAY 5 To continue markup of proposed legis­ 9:30a.m. lation authorizing funds for those Citizens and Shareholders Rights and Veterans' Affairs programs which fall within the com­ Remedies Subcommittee To resume markup of S. 364, to provide mittee's jurisdiction. To hold hearings on S. 2559, to provide for the judicial review of administra­ 5302 Dirksen Building a judicial remedy against the U.S. and tive decisions promulgated by the U.S. officials who take retaliatory ac­ Veterans' Administration, and to al­ MAY 17 low veterans full access to legal coun­ Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs tion against employees who charge 1m­ sel in proceedings before the VA; S. International Finance Subcommittee pro:;Jriety in the Federal Government. 2398, to extend the period of eligibility To hold hearings in connection with re- 2228 Dirksen Building

SENATE-Tuesday, April 4, 1978 The Senate met at 12 noon, on the BYRD, JR., a Senator from the State of Vir-. penditure of the Federal Government on expiration of the recess, in executive ginia, to perform the duties of the Chair. energy programs. session, and was called to order by Hon. JAMES 0. EASTLAND, Third, the funds misspent by HEW ex­ HARRY F. BYRD, JR., a Senator from the President pro tempore. ceeded by 40 percent the entire annual State of Virginia. Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. thereupon budget of the State of Virginia, a State assumed the chair as Acting President with a population of 5 million, the 12th PRAYER pro tempore. largest State in the Union in population. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward And, fourth, the amount misspent by L. R. Elson, D.D., offered the following RECOGNITION OF LEADERSHIP HEW equals $17 million a day. prayer: Clearly, the Department of Health, Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. Presi­ Education, and Welfare is out of hand. Let us pray. dent, I ask unanimous consent that the It seems to me that the chief cause of Lord God of the morning, the eve­ majority and minority leaders be allowed this gross waste of public funds is the ning, and the noonday hour, we thank up to 5 minutes each at this point before astronomical growth of the budget of Thee that Thou art always near us, even resuming the treaty, and this will be as HEW. when we are unaware of Thy presence. in legislative session. Is it not obvious that money is being Make us to strive for excellence, never The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ appropriated to this sprawling Depart­ satisfied with what we are or do. Set pore. Without objection, it is so Jrdued. ment at so fast a rate that no one can our vision upon high goals. Keep us at The PRESIDING OFFICER

Statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor will be identified by the use of a "bullet" symbol, i.e., e