AUTUMN 2017 the Chindit Column the Boldest Measures Are the Safest
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2015 Mil History Autobiography Field
The information given in this document is not to be communicated either directly or indirectly to the press or to any person not holding an official position in the service of the Government of India/ State Government of the Union of India. PRE STAFF COURSE - 2015 MIL HISTORY AUTOBIOGRAPHY FIELD MARSHALL THE VISCOUNT WILLIAM SLIM PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTORATE GENERAL OF MILITARY TRAINING (MT-2) INTEGRATED HEADQUARTERS OF MoD (ARMY) i MIL HISTORY AUTOBIOGRAPHY FIELD MARSHALL THE VISCOUNT WILLIAM SLIM TABLE OF CONTENTS S No Chapter Contents Page No 1. Chapter 1 Introduction 1-2 2. Chapter 2 Early Life till the Burma Campaign: 3-12 Opportunities And Lessons Learnt (1891-1942) 3. Chapter 3 The Burma Campaign: Retreat (15 January to 13-24 15 May 1942) 4. Chapter 4 The Burma Campaign: Rebuild (16 May 1942 25-30 to 15 October 1943) 5. Chapter 5 The Burma Campaign: Redemption 31-73 (16 October 1943 to 14 August 1945) 6. Chapter 6 Evaluation of Slim as a Military Leader 74-82 7. Chapter 7 Conclusion 83-86 8. Chapter 8 Questionnaire 87 ii ILLUSTRATIONS S No Sketch Page No 88 1. Sketch 1- Map of Gallabat, 1940 2. Sketch 2- Map of Deir-Ez-Zor, 1941 89 3. Sketch 3- Burma And South-East Asia, December 1941 90 4. Sketch 4- Japanese Onslaught, December 1941-May 1942 91 5. Sketch 5- Japanese Ha-Go Offensive, February 1944 92 6. Sketch 6- Operation Thursday, February 1944 93 7. Sketch 7- Japanese Thrust on Imphal-Kohima 94 8. Sketch 8- Capital and Extended Capital 95 9. -
SPRING 2017 the Chindit Column the Boldest Measures Are the Safest
SPRING 2017 the Chindit Column The boldest measures are the safest Our Aims and Objectives for the Society To protect and maintain the legacy and good name of the Chindits and their great deeds during the Burma Campaign. To carry that name forward into the public domain, through presentations and education. To gather together and keep safe Chindit writings, memoirs and other treasures for the The Chairman’s Message benefit of future generations. Welcome to the third edition of the Chindit Column. In recent To assist families and other times a few of our Chindits have sadly faded away, but the interested parties in seeking out Society continues to grow and now boasts a membership of 278. the history of their Chindit th The Society has an extremely close relationship with the new 77 relative or loved one. Brigade. Nine Chindits and their families attended their barracks for the Royal visit by HRH the Prince of Wales and later for The Wherever possible, to ensure Chindwin Dinner. I would like to take this opportunity to wish the continued well being of all their Commanding officer, Brigadier Alistair Aitken the very best our Chindit veterans. in his new endeavour, and to thank him for all the support he has shown us. Inside this issue 77th Brigade Maggie the Mule Wingate’s Maxims Page 3 Page 7 Page 8 Our Chindit 111 Brigade’s RAF Some words of veterans visit to the Wireless Mule in wisdom before Denison Barracks 1944. Continued Operation in January. on page 10. Longcloth. THE CHINDIT COLUMN SPRING 2017 The Tallest of all Chindits Pte. -
Battle of Kohima, the Debt They Owe to Their Forebears, and the Inspiration That North East India Can Be Derived from Their Stories
261670_kohima_cover 1/4/04 11:29 Page 1 SECOND WORLD WAR TH ‘A nation that forgets its past has no future’. These words by Winston Churchill could not be more apt to describe the purpose of this series of booklets, of which this is the first. 60ANNIVERSARY These booklets commemorate various Second World War actions, and aim not only to remember and commemorate those who fought and died, but also to remind future generations of The Battle of Kohima, the debt they owe to their forebears, and the inspiration that North East India can be derived from their stories. 4 April – 22 June 1944 They will help those growing up now to be aware of the veterans’ sacrifices, and of the contributions they made to our security and to the way of life we enjoy today. ‘The turning point in the war with Japan’ 261670_kohima_cover 1/4/04 11:30 Page 3 The Ridge Kohima showing the main landmarks and the location of principal regiments. KOHIMA, THE CAPITAL OF NAGALAND IN THE NORTH EAST OF INDIA PAKISTAN DELHI BURMA INDIA KOLKATA Acknowledgements This booklet has been produced with the help of: BHUTAN Commonwealth War Graves Commission Confederation of British Service and Ex-Service Organisations (COBSEO) INDIA Department for Education and Skills Dimapur• Imperial War Museum •Kohima Major G Graham MC & Bar •Imphal New Opportunities Fund BANGLADESH Royal Military Academy Sandhurst BURMA The Burma Star Association DHAKA• KEY FACTS The Royal British Legion Remembrance Travel • The Victoria Cross and George Cross Association KOLKATA Kohima is: Veterans Agency • 5000 feet above sea level • 40 miles from Dimapur Photography All photography reproduced with the permission of the Imperial War Museum, Commonwealth War Graves • 80 miles from Imphal Commission and HMSO. -
Slim Chance E Pivotal Role of Air Mobility in the Burma Campaign
THE 15 DREW PER PA S Slim Chance e Pivotal Role of Air Mobility in the Burma Campaign Derek M. Salmi Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Air University David S. Fadok, Lieutenant General, Commander and President School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Jeffrey J. Smith, Colonel, PhD, Commandant and Dean AIR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES Slim Chance The Pivotal Role of Air Mobility in the Burma Campaign Derek M. Salmi Lieutenant Colonel, USAF Drew Paper No. 15 Air University Press Air Force Research Institute Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Project Editor Published by Air University Press in April 2014 Jeanne K. Shamburger ISBN 978-1-58566-234-0 ISSN 1941-3785 Copy Editor Sandi Davis Cover Art, Book Design, and Illustrations Daniel Armstrong Composition and Prepress Production Nedra O. Looney Print Preparation and Distribution Diane Clark AIR FORCE RESEARCH INSTITUTE AIR UNIVERSITY PRESS Director and Publisher Allen G. Peck Disclaimer Editor in Chief Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied Oreste M. Johnson within are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily repre- sent the official policy or position of the organizations with which Managing Editor they are associated or the views of the School of Advanced Air Demorah Hayes and Space Studies, Air Force Research Institute, Air University, Design and Production Manager United States Air Force, Department of Defense, or any other US Cheryl King government agency. This publication is cleared for public release and unlimited distribution. Air University Press 155 N. Twining St., Bldg. 693 Maxwell AFB, AL 36112-6026 [email protected] http://aupress.au.af.mil http://afri.au.af.mil/ AFRI This Drew Paper and others in the series are available electronically Air Force Research Institute at the AU Press website: http://aupress.au.af.mil. -
On Early Air Combat in Southeast Asia After Wingate’S Fortitude Eclipsed Mountbatten’S Folly
COMMENTARY On Early Air Combat in Southeast Asia After Wingate’s Fortitude Eclipsed Mountbatten’s Folly RONALD H. CARPENTER, PHD arly in World War II, President Franklin D. Roosevelt opposed American armed forces helping restore British colonies overrun by Japan. He never- theless agreed in August 1943 after meeting with Prime Minister Win- Eston Churchill and his staff at the Quadrant Conference in Quebec, Canada. An “Air Commando” Group thus was created by Gen H. H. “Hap” Arnold and led by Lt Col Phil Cochran, a 30-year- old, “hot pilot” who became Col “Flip” Corkin in a long- running comic strip. For combat in Burma, this unit was formed by Arnold after hearing British Brig Gen Orde Wingate speak at Quadrant—in stark con- trast to Adm Lord Louis Mountbatten, Churchill’s chosen commander for Southeast Asia. For Quadrant, Roosevelt also brought Army general George Marshall and Navy admirals Ernest King and William Leahy (the latter, FDR’s aide). Although major conference planning yielded Overlord, the D- Day assault upon Nazi- occupied Europe, warfare elsewhere was discussed. The Oxford Companion to World War II deemed Wingate’s creating so “favorable” an impression that he received “more resources than he could ever have expected.” Generals and admirals bring prior credibility to conferences. Insignia of rank demonstrate authority; rows of ribbons denote extensive service if not valor; and reputations for previous sound decisions (or lack thereof ) may affect listeners. Some credibility, however, is enhanced by their speaking during those meetings. At Quadrant, Wingate exemplified such impress. After leading Emperor Haile Selassie’s irregular forces against Italian troops in Ethiopia early in World War II, Wingate went to India in June 1942 to organize and command a Long- Range Penetration Group. -
Nemesis Living Rules
ro NEMESIS Nemesis Burma-44 Version 1.1c "The spirit of divine retribution against those who (changes in the text are succumb to hubris" Printed in red) The Burma campaign in 1944 was the very definition of absurdity. Even though it did not contribute to Japan's defeat, it still hosted many of the most colorful personalities of the war. There was the flamboyant royal Mountbatten, who went from commanding destroyers and planning the disastrous Dieppe raid to becoming the Supreme Commander of India and Burma. Sections Page There was Slim, Britain's greatest general during WW2, who utterly defeated the Japanese in Burma. There was Game Components 2 Wingate, Churchill's protégé, highly controversial and The Map, The Counters 2 considered by many as certifiably insane. There was the Basic Play Mechanics 4 Zone of Control, Stacking Limit 4 American General Stilwell, who hated the British and Chinese leadership, except those who actually fought. Satisfaction Points (SaP) 4 Lament Marker, Allied Resources 5 There was Chiang Kai-shek, the incompetent and Yunnan Force Activation 5 corrupt generalissimo of China, who exhausted Monsoon 6 everyone's patience. Setup 6 Churchill's main concern was to restore Britain's colonial Setting the Game, Setup Letters 6 empire. His main focus was on Singapore rather than Game Turn 7 Burma. Mountbatten realized that he had to fight in Assault Phase Chit 7 Burma but preferred an amphibious assault further Movement 7 south instead. Slim was set on fighting the Japanese in Assault 8 the north but wanted to meet them while defending the Attack Phase Chit 9 mountainous border area between Burma and India. -
Chindit Japanese Infantryman
1943–44 Chindit VERSUS Japanese Infantryman Jon Diamond © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com 1943–44 Chindit Japanese Infantryman Jon Diamond © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com INTRODUCTION 4 THE OPPOSING SIDES 9 0SJHJOT SFDSVJUNFOUBOEUSBJOJOHt$PNCBUEPDUSJOFBOEPSHBOJ[BUJPO -FBEFSTIJQ XFBQPOTBOEUBDUJDTt$PNNVOJDBUJPOT MPHJTUJDTBOENPSBMF NANKAN STATION 29 6 March 1943 PAGODA HILL 40 16–18 March 1944 MOGAUNG 55 2–12 June 1944 ANALYSIS 71 -FTTPOTMFBSOFEUIF#SJUJTIt-FTTPOTMFBSOFEUIF+BQBOFTF AFTERMATH 75 ORDERS OF BATTLE 78 BIBLIOGRAPHY 79 INDEX 80 © Osprey Publishing • www.ospreypublishing.com Introduction On the evening of 2 March 1943, only days after the first Chindit operation in Japanese-occupied Burma had commenced, Maj Arthur Emmett’s No. 2 Column was bivouacking a couple of miles west of the railway station at Kyaikthin in anticipation of the next day’s attack to blow it up. Emmett’s scouts observed that two trains had arrived at the Kyaikthin railway station during that afternoon, but the Chindits were completely unaware that these trains contained roughly 800 Japanese soldiers of the 215th Infantry Regiment (33rd Division). Commonwealth troops At 2200hrs, Lt Ian MacHorton was near the rear of a column of 250 men and surrendered to the Japanese 20 mules as it trekked down the railway-line embankment. The Japanese, at Singapore in February hidden in the jungle some 20yd beyond the embankment, were making their 1942, although the defenders outnumbered the invaders by final ambush preparations. As MacHorton recounted after the war: as much as three-to-one in numerical strength. Here, Lt-Gen A.E. Percival, GOC Malaya, and his party are depicted on their way to the formal surrender of the island. -
A Trying Chindit
1776 BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL VOLUME 285 18-25 DECEMBER 1982 Br Med J (Clin Res Ed): first published as 10.1136/bmj.285.6357.1776 on 18 December 1982. Downloaded from Medicine and War A trying Chindit DESMOND WHYTE In late 1943 we found ourselves in central India: an assembly east to our air base at Imphal, close to the Burmese border. of men, mules, light weapons, sparse tentage, and an atmosphere There it was announced that Colonel Phil Cochrane's "American of something unusual. Orde Wingate was coming. flying circus" consisting of gliders, light bombers, and small The small, bearded individual held us spellbound. Our force casualty lifting aircraft, were joining us: a group of fearless of 2500-British, Gurkha, Indian, and some Burmese-would pilots who were to prove so dependable and helpful in the operate in northern Burma, deep in the heart of enemy territory, unpleasant days ahead. I met Phil Cochrane, an outgiving, disrupting bases, vital centres, and lines of communication. knowledgable, and competent commander, his first greeting Officially we were long range penetration troops, contact with being "Meet Jackie Coogan, glider pilot." Schoolboy memories the nearest forces being by radio. The brigade would function raced back to Charlie Chaplin plus small boy with cloth cap. in six columns, each of 400 men; self-contained in weapons, A tall, muscular man grasped my hand, almost lifting me off the reconnaissance, communications, ciphering, medical, and ground, with the remark, "Don't say it. They all tell me I just animal care. Each column would operate as a separate unit, can't be the kid." capable of coming and going as required, acting alone or in Training continued. -
British Journal for Military History
British Journal for Military History Volume 6, Issue 3, November 2020 The Forgotten Chindits – 23 British Infantry Brigade George Wilton ISSN: 2057-0422 Date of Publication: 25 November 2020 Citation: George Wilton, ‘The Forgotten Chindits – 23 British Infantry Brigade’, British Journal for Military History, 6.3 (2020), pp. 85-127. www.bjmh.org.uk This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. The BJMH is produced with the support of THE FORGOTTEN CHINDITS - 23 BRITISH INFANTRY BRIGADE The Forgotten Chindits – 23 British Infantry Brigade George Wilton* Independent Scholar, UK Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT In March 1944 Japan launched its Operation U Go offensive which resulted in the well documented battles of Kohima and Imphal in north east India. At the same time 23 British Infantry Brigade was finalising Long Range Penetration training before participation in Operation Thursday, the second Chindit campaign that was already underway in north eastern Burma. That plan was changed, and the brigade was diverted to operate in the mountainous Naga Hills to protect the eastern flank of Kohima and disrupt Japanese supply lines from Burma. Much has been written about Burma, Kohima, Imphal and the two Chindit operations, but surprisingly little on the activities of 23 British Infantry Brigade in 1944. This article seeks to redress some of that imbalance by considering: how the brigade prepared for the Long Range Penetration role; how it operated in the Naga Hills; how those operations differed to Operation Thursday; and finally, if this was an effective use of the brigade. -
China-Burma-India Rep
US Japan China-Burma-India Rep. of China The forgotten front of World War 2 Great Britain India Burma Introduction CBI had two separate but related wars: o The Second Sino-Japanese War (1937 – 1945) o The War for Burma (1942 – 1945) However, to fully understand the impact on the post-war world we also have to look at the Chinese Civil War (1927- 1937 & 1945-1950) Main Combatants and their objectives Japan- Complete control of China as a colony; Resources and o isolation of China (Burma) o China - Self-preservation (KMT & CCP to take control of China) US – Protect China, keep her in the war, and tie up Japan there as o much as possible o Britain – Protect India and recover Burma (preserve the empire). o Thailand – Support Japan (Asia for Asians). What we’re going to do • The emergence of modern Japan up to 1933 • The emergence of modern China up to 1937 • The runup to and Phase one of the Second Sino-Japanese War • The Japanese strategic shift to South-East Asia and the conquest of Burma • Japanese invasion of India • Phase Two of the Sino-Japanese War (Operation Ichi-Go) • The Allied re-conquest of Burma • The end of World War Two in the CBI • The Chinese Civil War (1945-1949) • The impact of CBI on WW2 & the post-war world Opening Comments •Strategic level emphasis •Facts vs. Opinions •Questions •Why was it the “forgotten front”? C. W. Riffer Why am I interested in CBI? 3d Pursuit Squadron • Flying Tigers January 1942 Chinese/English • Wade-Giles vs. -
Stout Pilots and Aircraft: Air Transport in the 1944 Burma–India Campaigns
DIGITAL - ONLY FEATURE Stout Pilots and Aircraft Air Transport in the 1944 Burma–India Campaigns CHRISTOPHER L. KOLAKOWSKI merican- born lieutenant Scott Gilmore, serving with the 8th Gurkha Rifles in the February 1944 siege known as the Battle of the Admin Box, reflected on the reasons the besieged forces defeated the Japanese. “Air Asupply had been the foundation for success, as it was to be for the rest of the war in this theater,” he wrote. “That trusty warhorse of the Burma fighting, the C-47 Dakota, has been called the ‘new wonder weapon’ of those times. So it was. We infantry came to feel great affection for it.”1 This battle was one of a series of clashes along the 500-mile India–Burma border during the first eight months of 1944. While US Lt Gen Joseph W. Stil- well’s Chinese and American forces fought their way from India to Myitkyina, Burma, British Maj Gen Orde Wingate’s Chindits marched and flew into Burma for a campaign against the Japanese rear, lasting from March to August. Mean- while, Japanese armies launched two major offensives against British general William Slim’s Fourteenth Army in India. The first one came in February, result- ing in defeat in the Arakan at the Battle of the Admin Box. The next month the Japanese undertook a major invasion of India that failed after months of fighting at Imphal and Kohima, India. These operations collectively involved thousands of troops maneuvering in some of the toughest terrain in the world, in an area the size of Pennsylvania.2 In regions where surface communications are limited or problematic, air trans- port becomes the essential lifeline. -
A Special Forces Model: OSS Detachment 101 in the Myitkyina Campaign Part I “Flying the Hump, Moonlight, CBI” by Tom Lea by Troy J
A Special Forces Model: OSS Detachment 101 in the Myitkyina Campaign Part I “Flying the Hump, Moonlight, CBI” by Tom Lea by Troy J. Sacquety (Courtesy of the Army Art Collection) The crowning achievement in Lieutenant General One, the preparatory period (December 1942 through Joseph W. Stilwell’s north Burma campaign from late early February 1944), OSS teams infiltrated into north February 1944 until 3 August 1944 was the hard-fought Burma. During Phase Two, (February until 17 May 1944), drive for Myitkyina (Mitch-in-aw). The multi-national Detachment 101 supported the 5307th as it maneuvered operation involved American, Chinese, and British to capture the Myitkyina Airfield. The unplanned third forces under Stilwell’s Northern Combat Area Command phase (18 May to 3 August 1944) ended when the city (NCAC). The principal American units were the 5307th of Myitkyina fell. This first article explains the OSS Composite Unit (Provisional), popularly known as roles in the first two phases. It is relevant today because Merrill’s Marauders, the 10th United States Army Air Detachment 101 with its Kachin guerrillas was the only Force (USAAF), the 1st Air Commando, and Detachment true UW force in theater. As such, they were LTG Stilwell’s 101 of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Because force multiplier. Effective intelligence collection, liaison, Detachment 101 supported all the major Allied forces, it and coordination of indigenous combat forces were the was the only ground organization involved in all parts keys to OSS success. One needs to understand the war of the campaign. During the long fight, Detachment 101 in Burma to appreciate the importance of the OSS effort.