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Redalyc.Crecimiento Del Camarón Excavador Parastacus Pugnax Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research E-ISSN: 0718-560X [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Chile Ibarra, Mauricio; Arana, Patricio M. Crecimiento del camarón excavador Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig, 1835) determinado mediante técnica de marcaje Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, vol. 39, núm. 2, julio, 2011, pp. 378-384 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaiso, Chile Disponible en: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=175019398018 Cómo citar el artículo Número completo Sistema de Información Científica Más información del artículo Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina, el Caribe, España y Portugal Página de la revista en redalyc.org Proyecto académico sin fines de lucro, desarrollado bajo la iniciativa de acceso abierto Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res., 39(2): 378-384, 2011 Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res. 378 DOI: 10.3856/vol39-issue2-fulltext-18 Short Communication Crecimiento del camarón excavador Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig, 1835) determinado mediante técnica de marcaje Mauricio Ibarra1 & Patricio M. Arana1 1Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso P.O. Box 1020, Valparaíso, Chile RESUMEN. Para determinar el crecimiento en el camarón excavador (Parastacus pugnax) en la zona centro sur de Chile se utilizó un marbete tipo cinturón. Los parámetros longitud cefalotorácica asintótica (Lc∞) y la velocidad de incremento en longitud y peso (K), se establecieron mediante el método de Gulland & Holt (1959). El parámetro t0 se determinó mediante la ecuación inversa del modelo de von Bertalanffy, estableciéndose que las curvas de crecimiento en longitud y peso fueron definidas por los parámetros K = 0,35 -1 mm año , t0 = -0,38 años, Lc∞ = 55,9 mm y W∞ = 83,8 g, valores similares a los de Samastacus spinifrons, especie chilena de alto potencial de cultivo, y de otros parastácidos sudamericanos, tales como P. brasiliensis y P. deffosus. Palabras clave: crecimiento, marcaje-recaptura, camarón excavador, Parastacus pugnax, Chile. Growth of burrowing crayfish Parastacus pugnax (Poeppig, 1835) determined by marking technique ABSTRACT. A modified tag belt type was used in the burrowing crayfish (Parastacus pugnax), in the central-south of Chile. The parameters asymptotic carapace length (Lc∞) and rate of increase (K) were determined through the Gulland & Holt (1959) method. The parameter t0 was determined by the inverse equation of von Bertalanffy model, which allowed to establish that the growth curves in length and weight are -1 defined by the parameters K = 0.35 mm yr , t0 = -0.38 years, Lc∞ = 55.9 mm and W∞ = 83.8 g. These values were similar to those of Samastacus spinifrons, Chilean species with high potential for aquaculture, and similar to those of other South American parastacids such as P. brasiliensis and P. deffosus. Keywords: growth, mark-recapture, burrowing crayfish, Parastacus pugnax, Chile. ___________________ Corresponding author: [email protected] La implementación de la técnica de marcaje-recaptura & Toro, 1985; Arana & Venturini, 1989; Ernst et al., es especialmente importante en el estudio del 2008). En general, los trabajos se han centrado en crecimiento de crustáceos, ya que no presentan estudios dirigidos a establecer desplazamientos, estructuras óseas en las que se puedan visualizar abundancia, mortalidad y comportamientos indivi- marcas diarias o anuales vs el tiempo, y de este modo duales (Labarca, 1971; Geaghan, 1973; Campodonico estimar la edad, como ocurre en los peces óseos u et al., 1983; Campodonico & López, 1988; Arana, otros organismos con estructuras calcáreas (García & 1992; Muñoz et al., 2006; Gallardo et al., 2007). Le Reste, 1986). Esta técnica permite individualizar En esta investigación, se estudió el crecimiento del los ejemplares, y así determinar variaciones de camarón “excavador” o “de vega” (Parastacus longitud y/o peso que muestran entre el marcaje y la pugnax), crustáceo endémico de Chile, que se recaptura (Parrack, 1979; Kimker et al., 1996; distribuye desde el río Aconcagua (32º50'S, 70º59'W) Ulmestrand & Eggert, 2001; Moser et al., 2002; Le hasta la localidad de Carahue (38º40'S, 73º09'W), en Vay et al., 2007). la zona centro-sur del país (Rudolph, 1997). En En Chile son escasos los trabajos realizados sobre temporadas invernales este recurso es explotado el crecimiento de crustáceos mediante marcaje- artesanalmente, como alternativa de ingreso para recaptura (Pavez & Arana, 1982; Riesco, 1984; Arana agricultores locales (Arias & Muñoz, 1991; Rudolph 379 Crecimiento de Parastacus pugnax en la zona centro-sur de Chile et al., 1991; Rudolph, 1997). Debido al alto nivel de ejemplares marcados se recapturaron 45, equivalente extracción a que es sometido y al deterioro sostenido al 27% (Tabla 1). de su hábitat, ha sido catalogado como vulnerable en Para determinar los parámetros de la curva de toda su área de distribución (Bahamonde et al., 1998; crecimiento K y Lc∞, se utilizó el método establecido Rudolph & Crandall, 2007), por lo que es necesario por Gulland & Holt (1959), en machos y hembras, conocer aspectos de su dinámica poblacional, para donde la tasa de crecimiento declina linealmente establecer regulaciones en su extracción y determinar conforme crecen los individuos, alcanzando valor cero posibilidades de cultivo. cuando llega a su máxima longitud. Para definir el crecimiento de P. pugnax, se Con la longitud cefalotorácica promedio (Lc(r)) implementó la llamada “marca o marbete tipo como variable independiente y la variación de Lc en cinturón” (Fig. 1), que es una adaptación de las marcas un determinado período de tiempo (ΔLc/Δt) como tipo alambre utilizadas por Kourist et al. (1964), variable dependiente, la ecuación lineal quedó Meyer-Waarden & Tiews (1965) y Tiews (1967) para representada como ΔLc/Δt = a + b Lc , donde K = -b y el estudio de Crangon crangon. Esta “marca tipo cinturón” ha sido utilizada en Chile en camarón de Lc∞ = -a/b. Los parámetros de este modelo lineal roca, Rhynchocinetes typus (Riesco, 1984) y en fueron obtenidos utilizando el método de Estimadores camarón de río del norte, Cryphiops caementarius Máximos Verosímiles (Aldrich, 1997), cuya función (Arana & Toro, 1985), para efectuar estudios de de densidad está dada por: 2 mortalidad y crecimiento. Esta marca es de bajo costo 1 ⎛ 1 ⎛ y − X T β ⎞ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ i i ⎟ ⎟ f ()yi / xi = exp − y fácil de construir, permite identificar indivi- 2 ⎜ 2 ⎜ σ ⎟ ⎟ 2πσ ⎝ ⎝ ⎠ ⎠ dualmente a los animales, presenta bajo porcentaje de T desprendimiento, presumiblemente no provoca donde Xi , corresponde a la matriz de (Lc(r)) mortalidad adicional, perdura con las mudas y no transpuesta, yi es el vector de respuestas ΔLc/Δt y β es cuenta con protuberancias que interfieran en el el vector de parámetros que se desea estimar. De esta comportamiento del camarón y lo haga susceptible de forma la función de verosimilitud quedó definida sufrir predación o ser selectivamente vulnerado por los como: n 2 artes o aparejos de pesca. 2 1 ⎛ 1 T ⎞ l()β , σ , y = exp⎜ − ()yi − X i β ⎟ ∏ 2 2 Los muestreos, se efectuaron mensualmente en la i=1 2πσ ⎝ 2σ ⎠ localidad de Tiuquilemu (36º22’S, 76º52’W), ubicada Desarrollando esta función, luego derivando en el extremo norte de la región centro-sur de Chile, respecto a β e igualando a cero, se obtuvo la matriz de entre agosto 2007 y agosto 2008, exceptuando enero parámetros: 2008, por la escasez de agua existente en el área de −1 ˆ T T estudio. Para realizar los muestreos, se seleccionó un β MLE = (X X ) X Y sector de una vega de 900 m² de superficie, donde se Posteriormente se compararon las rectas obtenidas capturaron y marcaron 166 ejemplares. La marca se empleando el test F(1-α; 2; n1+n2-4) (Neter & Wasserman, confeccionó en forma manual, utilizando hilo nailon 1974): de 0,3 mm de diámetro y pequeños trozos de plásticos SSECA+TQ − SSET cilíndricos y huecos, obtenidos de envoltura de F * = 2 alambre eléctrico de diferentes colores, asignando a SSE cada uno de ellos un dígito. Combinando varios de T n + n − 4 estos se organizó un código numérico que 1 2 individualizó cada ejemplar. La marca se colocó donde SSEM+H es la suma del cuadrado de los errores alrededor del camarón entre el cefalotórax y el primer de la regresión combinada de los ejemplares de ambos segmento abdominal, cuidando que el código quedase sexos y SSET la suma del cuadrado de los errores de ubicado en la región dorsal (Fig. 1). Se procuró que los ejemplares de machos y hembras. Para probar la cada código comenzara con color negro (0), para que igualdad de ambas regresiones se debe cumplir que la lectura fuese realizada sólo desde ese extremo y no F* ≤ F(1-α; 2; n1+n2-4). se repitió sucesivamente el mismo color para facilitar Una vez determinada la Lc asintótica, la estimación su diferenciación. de t0 se realizó mediante el gráfico y la ecuación Los individuos fueron extraídos desde sus cuevas propuesta por von Bertalanffy (1934) cuya expresión con bomba de vacío artesanal utilizada para su corresponde a: captura. En cada ejemplar se registró la longitud ⎛ L(t) ⎞ cefalotorácica (Lc), peso (W) y sexo, siendo liberados ⎜ ⎟ − ln ⎜1 − ⎟ = −K t0 + K t en el mismo lugar una vez marcados. De los ⎝ L∞ ⎠ Lat. Am. J. Aquat. Res. 380 Figura 1. Marbete tipo cinturón colocado entre el cefalotórax y abdomen de Parastacus pugnax. Figure 1. Tag belt type located between the cephalothorax and abdomen of Parastacus pugnax. Tabla 1. Número de ejemplares muestreados, marcados y recapturados. Table 1. Namber of individuals sampled, tagged and recaptured. Fecha de Nº de ejemplares Nº de ejemplares Nº de ejemplares muestreo muestreados marcados recapturados 10-ago-07 39 39 - 08-sep-07 197 13 1 29-oct-07 212 14 3 21-nov-07 220 17 2 18-dic-07 225 14 3 23-feb-08 242 13 4 26-mar-08 325 11 2 29-abr-08 307 8 6 26-may-08 444 13 3 22-jun-08 479 13 7 27.jul-08 460 11 8 26-ago-08 362 - 6 Total 3.512 166 45 Los resultados obtenidos, mostraron que las rectas definió una regresión lineal, donde el intercepto que de declinación de la tasa de crecimiento en el tiempo fue establecido como a = −K t0 .
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