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HNV and the CAP: Annexes 2 March 2014 High Nature Value farming throughout EU-27 and its financial support under the CAP Annexes 2 to 8 1 Disclaimer: The arguments expressed in this report are solely those of the authors, and do not reflect the opinion of any other party. The report should be cited as follows: Keenleyside, C, Beaufoy, G, Tucker, G and Jones, G (2014) High Nature Value farming throughout EU-27 and its financial support under the CAP. Report prepared for DG Environment, contract ENV B.1/ETU/2012/0035. Institute for European Environmental Policy: London. Corresponding author: Clunie Keenleyside ([email protected]). Acknowledgements The authors of this report would like to express thanks to many people for their expert contributions to this study. They would like to thank in particular the case study partners, for the collecting and analysis of a very large proportion of the material upon which this report rests: Antonella Trisorio from Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria (INEA), Italy; Berien Elbersen, Alterra, the Netherlands; Davy McCracken, EFNCP, the UK; Irina Herzon from the University of Helsinki, Finland; Jaroslav Pražan, Czech Republic; Katalin Balazs from Reformkert Kertészeti Szolgáltató és Tanácsadó Betéti Társasá, Hungary; Linn Dumez Departement Landbouw en Visserij, Belgium; Marek Jobda from Przyrodnicza, Poland; Maria Teresa Pinto-Correia, University of Évora, Portugal; Martin Brink, Ministeriet for Fødevarer, Landbrug og Fiskeri, Denmark; Martin Hellicar from BirdLife Cyprus, Cyprus; Miroslava Cierna-Plassmann, DAPHNE - Institute of Applied Ecology, Slovakia; Mojca Hraber, OIKOS, Slovenia; Nat Page, EFNCP, Romania; Patrick McGurn, EFNCP, Ireland; Peri Kourakli, Hellenic Ornithological Society, Greece; Petras Kurlavičius, Lithuania; Pille Koorberg from the Agricultural Research Centre Estonia, Estonia; Rainer Oppermann from the Institute for Agroecology and Biodiversity (IFAB) in Mannheim, Germany; Sofia Blom, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Sweden; Viesturs Lārmanis, Latvia; Vyara Stefanova, EFNCP, Bulgaria; Wolfgang Suske, Suske Consulting, Austria; Xavier Poux, EFNCP, France; and Yanka Kazakova, EFNCP, Bulgaria. Ben Allen, Henrietta Menadue, and Jana Polakova for their analytical work and additional research support. Kaley Hart and David Baldock for invaluable support and important contributions to individual chapters 2 Table of Contents Please note: Annex 1 (maps) is a separate document Annex 2 Overview of main HNV farming systems and types by Member State ............. 4 Annex 3 Available maps, data sets and reports on HNV farming by Member State ..... 35 Annex 4 The 57 habitat types of Community interest dependent on agricultural management (as listed in Annex I of the Habitats Directive, including priority status) ..... 58 Annex 5 Inventory of HNVF support under EAFRD Axis 2, by Member State (2007-13 RDPs) 61 Annex 6 Inventory of HNVF support under EAFRD Axis 1 and Axis 3 and (Pillar 1) Article 68 by Member State (2007-13 programming period) ....................................................... 99 1.1 Inventory of HNVF support under EAFRD - Axis 1 ........................................................... 99 1.2 Inventory of HNVF support under EAFRD - Axis 3 ......................................................... 106 1.3 Inventory of HNVF support under EAFRD - Article 68 ................................................... 110 Annex 7 HNVF area estimates apportioned to ecosystem types for calculation of HNV maintenance and restoration costs ............................................................................... 112 Annex 8 Projected total EU additional costs (€) in 2020 of maintaining and restoring Type 1 HNVF within different ecosystems ..................................................................... 118 3 Annex 2 Overview of main HNV farming systems and types by Member State Source: individual Member State case studies Dominant Estimated % of farming Farming system Farming practices HNV Type total extent of Land cover Nature values system HNV farmland AUSTRIA Mosaic of low intensity Grass or arable crops, shrubs, hedgerows, Many Bird species, mammals, Mixed agriculture and natural Mainly extensive farming practices 2 25-60% trees invertebrates, reptiles and structural elements Cattle stays on the pastures from ~May Alpine meadows and Specific alpine plant communities, birds to September, meadows are mowed Mosaic of pastures and structural elements Livestock pastures (including larch 1 5-35% that need open spaces (eg Anthus maximally one time per year for fodder eg single trees, shrubs, stones meadows/pastures) spinoletta, Oenanthe oenanthe) production Fallows; crops other than root crops, Arable cropland with Specific nature conservation measures rapeseed, maize or vegetables; herbs and Arable specific nature (eg implementation of fallows, low input 1 5-20% Birds (eg Vanellus vanellus) grass species on boarders between field conservation measures of tenure) or organically farmed parcels Semi-intensively Mowed at most twice a year, or more Ecologically valuable herbs and grass Poor grassland, species rich fertile Livestock cultivated meadows and intensively but with specific nature ~10% species meadows pastures conservation measures Less trees per hectare, traditional fruit Fruits are often used to produce juices, varieties, extensively or semi-intensively Birds (eg Upupa epops, Jynx toryuilla), Livestock Traditional orchards jams, etc. Meadows for fodder 1 1-5% cultivated grassland under and between small mammals, invertebrates production. the trees Permanent Vineyards in terraces No detail 1 <1% Wine, apricot trees, grassland Species-rich dry meadows; insects crops BELGIUM (Flanders) Considerable populations of rare Rare farmland birds nest in intensive Mainstream intensive 94,000 ha farmland birds eg black-tailed godwit and grasslands, eg along the coast and rivers, farmland neighbouring including arable common redshank nest in these intensive Intensively managed grasslands, of often neighbouring Type 1 and Type 2. Livestock Type 1 and Type 2 used 3 type (below) grasslands eg in coastal areas and along otherwise poor biodiversity value Overwintering and migrating geese use the by farmland birds and the River Schelde and Noorderkempen. intensive grasslands migrating geese Migrating and over-wintering white fronted geese and pink footed geese Mainstream intensive [within 94,000 Rare farmland birds (and European Yellow hammer, Skylark and Corn Intensive arable systems of otherwise farmland neighbouring ha above] Hamster?) nest and feed on intensive bunting, hamsters, migrating and over- Arable poor biodiversity value. Management 3 Type 1 and Type 2, used arable land. Overwintering and migrating wintering white fronted geese and pink includes winter stubble used by geese by farmland birds geese use the stubbles. footed geese on stubbles. Degraded former semi-natural grasslands Small-scale mosaic Mixed No detail 2 55,280 ha with low livestock densities; field No detail landscapes boundaries (hedgerows, pollarded trees, 4 Dominant Estimated % of farming Farming system Farming practices HNV Type total extent of Land cover Nature values system HNV farmland ditches, sunken roads); ponds; small woodlands; traditional orchards with grass under storey HNV type 1 land in Flanders is predominantly not in productive agricultural use (managed instead by Heathland, coastal dunes and semi-natural nature conservation bodies). Where used grassland. Annex 1 Habitat Directive, habitats Heathland, coastal dunes for agricultural purposes this is low include: Heathland, coastal dunes and Livestock and semi-natural intensity grazing, low or no fertiliser use, 1 1,350 ha Very few of these Type 1 areas are in extensive grassland. grassland in N2000 areas hay meadows and aftermath grazing with productive agricultural use, most are livestock. Farmers are obliged to have managed by nature conservation bodies lower stocking densities and are prohibited to alter vegetation without permission Where used for agricultural purposes this is low intensity grazing, low or no Relict semi-natural fertiliser use, hay meadows and For example: Molinion, Eu-Molinion, Semi-natural grasslands. Almost all in Livestock grasslands (in nature aftermath grazing with livestock. Farmers 1 820 ha Juncus spp, etc. Almost all in good/very good/very good habitat condition protected areas) are obliged to have lower stocking good habitat condition densities and are prohibited to alter vegetation without permission BULGARIA Predominantly grazing on semi-natural grasslands, transhumance in summer months; Farms produce their fodder and some low intensity crops; Use of common Grazing on semi-natural and common Subsistence, semi- grasslands; No artificial fertilizers use on Grasslands vary from alpine pastures to grasslands. Use of common pastures Livestock subsistence or small 1 58% the grassland Subsistence, semi- wet meadows with very high floral near the villages for grazing and hay- family farms subsistence Semi-natural grassland, diversity. making. common grasslands, small family farms; Semi-natural grassland, common grasslands, alpine mountain grasslands + small scale fodder crops Grazing on semi-natural and common Semi-natural grassland, common grasslands. Some improved grasslands grasslands, small scale low intensity annual exists. Owning or leasing grassland and a and permanent crops. Fine-grained mosaic Mixed small-holding with relatively low number of livestock units. landscape. Small scale arable plots and Mixed 2 and 1 38% No detail low
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