A publication of the VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY Conserving wild flowers and wild places www.vnps.org Welcome to Virginia, Harperella! ^

Harperella (Ptilimnium nodosum), harperella was believed to be an an¬ behaves as a perennial. Some botanists a diminutive herb in the carrot fam¬ nual; it is now known that the type believe that this type, which includes ily, was found for the first time in Vir¬ that occurs along fast-flowing creeks the new Virginia population, is a ginia last June by Virginia Depart¬ and rivers (as opposed to pond edges) (See Harperella, page 4) ment of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, field botanist Allen Belden. This species is listed as endangered under the federal Harperella Endangered Species Act. The popula¬ Ptilimnium nodosum Illustrations by tion was located along Aquia Creek on Nicky Staunton Marine Corps Base Quantico property in Stafford County. Harperella is unusual in that its leaves, hollow quill-like structures, consist of a leaf stalk (petiole) only; thus, the expanded portion of the leaf (the blade) is missing. The flowers are white and in flat-topped clusters (umbels), resembling those of Queen Anne's lace but much smaller and more delicate. For a long time Exploring the complexities of biodiversity in Richmond

Biodiversity, explored from several biodiversity. Some of them are not those indicators of human well-being are not perspectives, was the focus of this we usually hear. He emphasized that based on growth. Discussion brought year's VNPS workshop, held March 8 such a case must include both the val¬ out connections between the two: in Richmond. The wealth of ideas, ues of preservation and the costs of population growth also drives eco¬ facts, and unknowns that came out in neglect. Two points he made are par¬ nomic growth, and that economic presentations and discussion defies ticularly challenging. One is that cul¬ growth and the way it's seen vary quick summary. Instead, here's a sam¬ tural diversity, rooted in indigenous among cultures. And while cultural pling of what's in my notes and still cultures that reflect the land, is part of diversity and biodiversity may seem on my mind, which may at least sug¬ biodiversity. The other - to him “the big incompatible, in the long run they are gest the workshop's scope. problem" - is that what's driving our not, because cultures can change. Martin Ogle, chief naturalist of the economy and putting it in competition In introducing the workshop, Northern Virginia Regional Park Au¬ with the rest of life is the idea of growth moderator Stan Shetler pictured thority, outlined elements he considers for its own sake. Therefore we need to biodiversity as "a vast, complex net- part of a compelling case for seek alternatives in which the primary (See Biodiversity, page 4) - Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society ~ ~~ From the president. Virginia's plants show us their special places

Snow was falling for the third straight day. Temperatures were low. The lighting for the day was gray. No traffic passed by, so stillness was a pleasure. The beautiful quiet was ended by the bubbling trill of two house wrens that really was equally beautiful. The wrens were nearby searching for some seed that might have lasted over winter and investigating a little nesting site. Their song was a harbinger of spring's return. The arrival of flocks of robins con¬ firmed warm days would be with us soon. The berries that over-wintered filled them. The robins' beautiful colors broke the gray day and lifted my spirits. Wherever you are in Virginia, nature is waking. Hungry for blooms and color and life. I've even stooped to look for speedwells, chickweed and draba. Hepatica, bloodroot, bluebells and our 2003 Virginia Wildflower of the Year, trout- lily, are pushing to bloom. Their pollinators have waked also and are hungry. What a glorious season in Virginia! You will read about our VNPS Virginia Wildflower Celebration events during the months of April and May. These are the busiest months for our chapters. Do join a field trip to visit our native plants where they live in the wild. There will be some native plant garden tours to enjoy. VNPS chapter spring native plant sales are anticipated, enjoyed and are the source of support for programs by our 12 chapters. Join us for each and every event you can attend. Many will be listed on our website: www.vnps.org. I wish each of you the awesome joy of surprise when you see for the first time one of our natives "at home" in the wild. I wish you the reassuring joy of relocating and visiting a flower friend of old —just where it was last year. I hope there are more. Finally, I wish you a renewed zeal to know, love and want to protect our native plants where they choose to live in the wild, natural areas of Virginia. There is absolutely no other place on earth exactly like Virginia. Where you live in Virginia is uniquely your "place." The same is true for our native plants. The spots where they live are their unique "places." Your President, Nicky Staunton

General Assembly session brought mixed results for natural resources Winter months coincide with the its resolution. In an effort to avoid the tact your legislators made a difference. Virginia General Assembly. We are legally required public resolution of Thank you. Thank them! Stay in touch pleased that some essential funds re¬ the controversy, the budget contained with them through the summer and lated to natural resources were restored an amendment to transfer 50 acres of autumn. The next General Assembly to the Virginia agencies before the ar¬ the state park to the town of meets in just nine months and you can rival of spring. Clarksburg. The effect on the park accomplish much by then if you con¬ Regretfully, there was not enough would be to divide the park land, de¬ tinue to share your thoughts and con¬ to restore the jobs lost at the Virginia stroy historic Occoneechee Indian cerns with them. If you were to invite Department of Conservation and Rec¬ tribal land and reduce a state natural your planners, elected officials, and de¬ reation, Division of Natural Heritage. area to a golf course. The land was to velopers to join you on the spring field However, the effort to sublimate the be developed by a private developer trips, they will be able to see the beauty entire Department of Game and Inland after Clarksburg acquired it. Enough we describe to them and understand Fisheries into Coastal Marine Re¬ legislators voted against the amend¬ why we are so passionate in protecting sources was defeated. ment that the issue is back in the com¬ natural habitats from development, tri¬ The Occoneechee State Park issue munity for resolution. county parkways, the threat of trading was returned to the public to decide Each of you who made time to con- away state natural areas, invasive alien plants and mismanagement. Flora Project update-

Chris Ludwig, President of the Flora There is a mock-up of text and illus¬ Ruth Douglas, John Townsend and of Virginia Foundation, announced that trations being prepared for release to Donna Ware spoke. three new directors have joined the Flora the public so an example of a genus/ The Flora of Virginia date of publica¬ Board, Deborah Roach, Ann Regn, and species treatment (Chamaecrista) in the tion is to be 2010. Donations to support Suzanne Wright. new Flora of Virginia can be seen. Lara the project can be made payable to the Chris Ludwig has developed a 45- Call Gastinger is over a quarter of the Flora of Virginia Project, Inc., P. O. Box minute PowerPoint presentation on the way through her current contract for 512, Richmond, VA 23218-0512. To do¬ Flora Project that includes illustrations by 200 illustrations in the book. nate securities, contact Ludwig at 804- Roy Fuller and Lara Call Gastinger. Board A Flora of Virginia Symposium was 371-6206. members will have a copy to use in pre¬ held April 11 at the State Arboretum of For updates about the Flora of Vir¬ senting the Flora of Virginia Project to Virginia with all proceeds donated to the ginia got to: www.dcr.state.va.us/dnh/ groups. Flora of Virginia Project, Inc. Ludwig, vaflora.htm.

Page 2 April 2003 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Hepatica: Harbinger of spring in the Commonwealth

For the past two years, the last They turn a little darker and hug the seeded fruits) are enclosed within a week of February has been brightened ground, but are ready to begin photo- rounded head. The achene and stem for me by the sight of hepatica flowers. synthesizing as weather permits. of the sharp-lobed hepatica are hairy; This year, the ground was covered by a The flowers of both species lack those on the round-lobed hepatica are foot of packed snow in February, and true petals. The petal-like sepals are ar¬ less hairy. The seed head opens in bloom time came in March. ranged radially and have colors that our area in late April or May. The There are two species of hepatica vary from white to blue to pink in the seeds have an eliasome or lipid filled in Virginia. The most widespread is round-lobed hepatica and white to blue structure on their surface, and they the round-lobed hepatica or liverleaf, to deep purple in the sharp-lobed he¬ are carried away by ants mainly, or Hepatica americana, which is found in patica. The flowers are less than an rodents, aiding dispersal. all but a few eastern counties. The inch (about 2 centimeters) across and The hepaticas are shade tolerant, other is the sharp lobed hepatica, He¬ may have 5 to 12 sepals, although 6 and can be found in deciduous forest patica acutiloba, which grows in many sepals is most common. They are held land. Round-lobed hepatica can be of the mountain counties from the above the leaves on narrow scapes or found in more acidic sites than sharp- Blue Ridge west. leafless flower stems. The genus is a lobed, which is sometimes associated Both plants have three-lobed member of the Ranunculaceae (Ranun¬ with calcareous sites, while both toler¬ basal leaves that grow from rhizomes culus family), and so the flower parts ate summer dryness or underground stems, and their are separate rather than fused. The and may even shape gives rise to the name liverleaf. flowers have numerous stamens, and be found on As the names suggest, one species has are pollinated by wind or by insects, rock out¬ rounded lobes and the other has including bees, flies, thrips and gnats. croppings. pointed lobes. The leaves are often No nectar is produced, so pollen is the These purple mottled on the top and some¬ reward for these pollinators. rhizoma- what purple underneath, and form a The achenes (hard dry, one- tous plants clump about 5 inches or 10 centime¬ will form ters high. Although colonies, can they are some of the survive droughts and are earliest bloomers, he- probably resistant to fire, too. paticas cannot be con¬ With rhizomes and evergreen sidered spring leaves, they ought to be good for ephemerals. holding soil. They produce Limited medicinal uses for stom¬ new leaves in ach and abdominal problems and for late spring after cooling the liver are recorded, but per¬ flowering, and these haps their cheerful early flowers are leaves are held on the their best medicine. plant over the winter. Sally Anderson, VNPS 2nd Vice-President Hepatica illustration by Nicky Staunton 1762 Flora Virginica comes to Virginia When Michael Sawyer moved to The Flora of Virginia Project, Inc. and used to Netherlands last fall, he had set a goal. support the Flora. The book has arrived in Fie visited some rare book dealers to re¬ Virginia and was at the Flora of Virginia quest that a copy of the original Flora Symposium held at Blandy in early April. Virginica be located to purchase. The contemporary mottled calf cover The adventure began. Six months with reback (restored spine with original later, Julius Steiner of Asher & Company title on leather embedded) is beautiful. in The Netherlands had located a copy. Text is in Latin and the paper is in excel¬ When the search began, there was no lent condition. This is the third edition plan for purchasing a copy that might be after the first London edition of 1739-1743 found. A short search for a donor was and contains a map of Virginia annotated successful and a member of the Virginia with information. Title page from the 1762 Flora Native Plant Society offered to purchase John Frederick Gronovius' work is Virginica by Gronovius. the rare book that is to be donated to the (See Gronovius, page 8) April 2003 -- Page 3 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Harperella VDACS considers (Continued from page 1) separate species, Ptilimnium fluviatile. listing species The new population grows from fissures in the mafic On March 13, the Board of the Vir¬ bedrock that underlies portions of Aquia Creek. During ginia Department of Agriculture and periods of high water (generally during the cooler months Consumer Services (VDACS) held a and after major storm events), harperella plants at this site public hearing concerning listing and their habitat are inundated. Conversely, during periods of plants and insects as endangered or low water (generally during the summer and early fall), the bed- \ threatened. (See January 2003 Bulletin) rock fissures where harperella grows are above the creek's water Dr. Donald Butts read the plants rec¬ level. Harperella is adapted to such a variable hydrology and ^ ommended for listing from those that requires it for its continued existence. The species is apparently a were submitted by DCR-Division of poor competitor, and few other plant species can tolerate the peri¬ Natural Heritage. At the last minute, odic flood scouring to which the habitat is subject. two plants were added to the list: Harperella is also known from Maryland, West Virginia, North seabeach amaranth (Amaranthus pumilus) Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama and Arkansas. The and harperella (Ptilimnium fluviatile; P. major threat to the Virginia population is siltation caused by run-off nodosum), known also as mock bishop- due to high levels of new residential and commercial development weed. Both were recently identified in Vir¬ within the Aquia Creek watershed. ginia and are already federally listed as Allen Belden, field botanist, VDCR, Division of Natural Heritage endangered. Allen Belden, of DCR-Divi¬ sion of Natural Heritage, located Biodiversity issues studied at workshop harperella and tells about the find in a (Continued from page 1) planning process based instead on separate article in this Bulletin. work of threads blurred by variation." ecoregions, defined by ecological char¬ Dr. Butts read comments and ques¬ Looking more closely at what we know acteristics rather than political bound¬ tions that VDACS received in response of that complexity, Bruce Stein, Vice aries, that TNC is developing in Vir¬ to the request for public comment. Tom President of Programs at NatureServe, ginia and nationwide. Across an Smith, of DCR-Division of Natural Heri¬ underscored how much we don’t know. ecoregion, it envisions assembling a tage, thanked the board for considering One of the greatest threats to "portfolio of functional conservation the submitted list. Ruth Douglas and biodiversity, he said, is ignorance. For areas" - a minimum number of sites Nicky Staunton attended to express example, while the U.S. has more than that, managed appropriately, will en¬ VNPS support for listing the plants and 200,000 named organisms, probably sure the long-term viability of all na¬ insects as Endangered or Threatened. three times as many are unnamed or tive biodiversity within that ecoregion. Considering Endangered or Threat¬ unknown. Even among the known spe¬ Workable definitions of those terms ened species is different from most other cies, about a third are to some degree at are not yet established, but it appears business considered by the VDACS risk. Moreover, the processes that are that on average a portfolio may equal Board. Virginia Secretary of Agriculture increasing extinction are also reducing nearly a quarter of the ecoregion's J. Carlton Courter's report to his board the ability to adapt and diversify. area. Through examples of compo¬ included subjects ranging from soybean How Virginia fits in a national con¬ nents of the portfolio for Virginia's sales, apple exports, goat cheese, dairy farm text depends on the measure of ecoregion, Ms. Dunscomb illustrated concerns - and listing plants in the wild as biodiversity that's used. Among the 50 the importance of tailoring site-spe¬ endangered or threatened in Virginia. states, it ranks about 12th in overall cific conservation strategies. We hope to be able to report in the species diversity, 13th in flora, but 2nd Mary Pockman, VNPS Director-at-large next Bulletin that the species will be in dragonflies and 3rd in amphibians. listed and will receive protection. In endemic species it ranks about 21st, and 16th in species at risk. On a map of For more information the distribution of imperiled species, Precious Heritage: The Status of Web sites: NatureServe some of the state's western edge is part of Biodiversity in the United States, edited (www.natureserve.org); Virginia's a Southern Appalachian "hotspot" cen¬ by Bruce A. Stein, Lynn S. Kutner, and Division of Natural Heritage tered on the Clinch River Valley, in part a Jonathan S. Adams (Oxford, 2000). (www.dcr.state.va.us/dnh/); Ameri¬ reflection of that area's array of rare cave Biodiversity, edited by E.O. Wil¬ can Museum of Natural History species and freshwater mussels. son (National Academy Press, 1986). (http: / / research.amnh.org/ States are not the best units for con¬ Papers from the National Forum on biodiversity/); National Geographic servation planning, however, as Judy BioDiversity sponsored by the Na¬ and World Wildlife Fund Dunscomb, Director of Conservation tional Academy of Science and the (www.nationalgeographic.com / Science for The Nature Conservancy in Smithsonian Institution in 1986. wildworld). Virginia, pointed out. She described a

Page 4 April 2003 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Wildflower Calendar of Events

Beaver Dam Park Trail Hike - Satur¬ tive Plant Society, field studies of terrace 20th Annual Spring Wildflower day, April 19, 10 a.m. Near Gloucester on gravel forest community. Bring bag lunch. Symposium - May 9-11, presented by the the Middle Peninsula. Sponsored by North¬ (Call Rod Simmons at 703-256-7671 or Wintergreen Nature Foundation and Win- ern Neck Chapter, led by John Clayton [email protected]) tergreen Resort. (Contact 434-325-7451 or Chapter members. (To register, call Sylvia Green Hill Park Field Trip - Satur¬ www.twnf.org) and Sid Sterling at 804-693-2953) day, April 26, 9 a.m., Salem, sponsored by Spring Wildflowers of the Potomac Arcadia Field Trip - Saturday, April the Blue Ridge Wildflower Society. (For di¬ Gorge (Bear Island) - Friday, May 9, 10 19, 9 a.m. at Peaks of Otter visitor center. rections, call Rich Crites, 540-774-4518) a.m.-12:30 p.m., Audubon Naturalist Soci¬ Join Rich Crites and his class on a trip to Prince William Spring Fling Garden¬ ety walk led by Cris Heming. (Call 301-652- Peaks of Otter and Arcadia. (Call Crites at ing Extravaganza- Saturday, April 26, 9 9188, xl6), $18 for non-Audubon members. 540-774-4518) a.m.-3 p.m., sponsored by Prince William Shenandoah National Park Wild¬ Birds and Blooms - Saturday, April Extension Office at Prince William County flower Weekend - May 10-11, free pro¬ 19, 8 a.m. Field trip co-sponsored by Blue Fairgrounds, Manassas. (Call 703-792-7747) grams, but park entrance fee required. Ridge Wildflower Society and Roanoke Val¬ Prince William Wildflower Society (For information, contact 540-999-3397 or ley Bird Club. Meet near Bo'jangles, Garden Tours - Sunday, April 27, Noon - 5 www.nps.gov / shen / 2gl .htm) Botetourt Commons Shopping Center, p.m. PWWS members will open three gar¬ Prince William Wildflower Society Daleville. Bring bag lunch. (Call Butch dens to the public for this free event. A Plant Sale - Saturday, May 10, 9 a.m.- Kelly at 540-384-7429) brochure with directions will be available noon. Bethel Lutheran Church in Wildflower Walk at Great Falls Park, in April. (Contact Nancy Vehrs, Manassas, corner of Sudley Road (Rt. 234) Balls Bluff - Sunday, April 20, 2:30 p.m., [email protected]) and Plantation Lane. (Nancy Arrington Led by Marion Lobstein. (For informa¬ Potowmack Chapter Garden Tours - 703-368-8431) tion or to register, contact Lobstein at 703- Sunday, April 27. (Call Billie Trump at 703- Great Falls Walk- Saturday, May 10, 536-7150 or [email protected]) 960-1476) sponsored by the Potowmack Chapter. Northern Neck Botanizing Hike - Bull Run Ramble- Sunday, April 27, (For information, call Marianne Mooney, Monday, April 21, 10 a.m. Sponsored by 1-3 p.m., Audubon Naturalist Society pro¬ 703-534-8179) Northern Neck Chapter on Anne and gram at Hemlock overlook park. (To regis¬ 19th Annual Spring Plant Sale - Sat¬ John Olsen property. (Call Ann Messick ter, call 703-803-8400) urday, May 10, 9 a.m.-noon, sponsored at 804-435-6673) Manor House Tea and Native Plant by Blue Ridge Wildflower Society and held Great Smoky Mountains 53rd An¬ Trail Walk- Sunday, April 27, 1-3 p.m.. at Community Arboretum at Virginia nual Wildflower Pilgrimage - April 22- Green Spring Gardens Park, (Call 703-642- Western Community College. (Call Cindy 29, week's worth of activities, lectures and 5173), $22 fee. Burks, 540-977-0868) field trips in Gatlinburg, Tenn. (Contact Northern Neck Botanizing Hike - Northern Neck Nature Walks - 865-436-1290 or www.goldsword.com/ Thursday, May 1, 10 a.m. Sponsored by Monday, May 12, 9 a.m. Picnic brunch wildflower / pilgrimage.hhtml) Northern Neck Chapter on Anne and John followed by nature and bird walks led Spring Wildflowers of the Potomac Olsen property. (Ann Messick, 804-435-6673) by Jerry Eddy (birds), Ann Messick Gorge (Scott's Run) - Friday, April 25,10 Hickory Hollow and Cabin Swamp (plants), and Ellis Squires (plants). a.m.-12:30 p.m., Audubon Naturalist Soci¬ Hikes - Saturday, May 3, 9 a.m. Picnic Audubon Society sponsored (To regis¬ ety walk led by Cris Fleming. (For informa¬ brunch followed by natural walks led by ter, 804-435-7338), $8 fee. tion, call 301-652-9188, xl6), $18 fee for Ann Messick and Ellis Squires along up¬ Hickory Hollow Hike - Thursday, non-Audubon members. land roads of Hickory Hollow and into May 15,10 a.m. Donna Ware, Curator of Prince William Forest Park- Friday, Cabin Swamp. Audubon Society spon¬ the Herbarium at William & Mary will April 25, 8 a.m.-3 p.m., Audubon Natu¬ sored (To register, 804-435-7338), $8 fee. lead walk. Bring bag lunch. (Call Ann ralist Society walk through a Virginia Pied¬ Bioblitz at Fort DuPont - Saturday, Messick at 804-435-6673.) mont forest. (Call 301-652-9188, xl6), $34 May 3, 10 a.m.-3 p.m.. Co-sponsored by Ferns and Friends at Bull Run non-Audubon members. VNPS and Maryland Native Plant Society, Mountain - Saturday, May 17, sponsored Exploring Dameron Marsh Hike - field studies of terrace gravel forest com¬ by the Friends of Bull Run Mountain (To Saturday, April 26, 11 a.m. Sponsored munity, bring bag lunch. (For informa¬ register, 703-753-2631 or www.fobr.org) by Northern Neck Chapter and led by tion, call Rod Simmons at 703-256-7671 Hopalong Cassidy Trail and Roar¬ Natural Heritage naturalist Rebecca Wil¬ or [email protected]) ing Run Field Trip - Saturday, May 17, son. Bring bag lunch. (Call Ann Messick Bluebells and Birding - Saturday, meet at Daleville park & ride at 9:30 a.m. at 804-435-6673) May 3,8-11 a.m. Enjoy spring migrants and to botanize this shale barren, and visit Shenandoah Chapter Plant Sale and blooming bluebells at Bull Run Park in Roaring Run. Led by Blue Ridge Wild¬ Waynesboro Riverfest - Saturday, April Centreville. (For information, 703-354-5093 flower Society's Esther Atkinson, Dora 26, all day. This one-day festival held in or [email protected]) Lee Ellington and Frieda Toler for Cassidy Waynesboro celebrates the South River Curry Mountain Field Trip - Satur¬ and Cindy Burks for Roaring Run. (Call watershed. Shenandoah Chapter will day, May 3, meet at Daleville park & ride Burks, 540-977-0868) have native plants for sale and an exhibit. at 10:30 a.m.. Blue Ridge Wildflower Soci¬ Hickory Hollow Orchid Walk - (For information, www.riverspirit.org) ety. (Call Cindy Burks, 540-977-0868) Saturday, May 24, 9 a.m. Ann Messick Bioblitz at Glencarlyn Park, Arling¬ Birds & Blossoms - May 8-11, A week¬ and Ellis Squires lead walk through ton - Saturday, April 26, 10 a.m.-3 p.m.. end for birders and naturalists at Norfolk Hickory Hollow. Audubon Society spon¬ Co-sponsored by VNPS and Maryland Na¬ Botanical Garden. (For information and to sored (To register, 804-435-7338). register, www.norfolkbotanicalarden.org) April 2003 -- Page 5 . = Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society - Practical sense and practical plants combat drought conditions Even given our moisture-laden win¬ areas from oaks, maples, dogwoods, our natural populations should be our ter, I still look to the coming growing sea¬ (yielding the most nutritious chemistry), primary focus. I do also embrace the no¬ sons with an abiding sense of "drought poplars and pine needles. tion of landscaping with site-appropri¬ wariness." In this new year, my own Also, shredded woody and herba¬ ate natives in order to support a healthy stock beds will feature ever-increasing ceous material, available by pruning, diversity of life within our homescapes numbers of dry-tolerant species. Plants, deadheading, or fallen limbs/branches. - from neighbor to neighbor. My own principally natives, have proven their We also layer on moderate amounts of personal and professional focus contin¬ staying power through repeated seasons bum pile contents. And when our local ues to be on those natives that are par¬ of prolonged dry spells and reduced jurisdictions permit, we conduct regular ticularly useful to wildlife. They are water tables. control bums of our bum pile contents: more than pretty faces. Whatever your age, you may wish clippings, extracted weeds, etc. The bum When planting natives, both the to write that novel (or even read one); to process helps to more immediately break homeowner and professional should be travel to other lands; to enjoy a sunset down materials, and rule out the infu¬ mindful of several considerations. Gain between your nine-to-fives; to know your sion of weeds or unwanted seeds within a practical knowledge of the particular children, or grandchildren. As a middle- the compost pile. The composition of my cultural requirements of each species on aged nursery grower, I am increasingly compost pile is moderately acidic. And your wish list. Secondly, select the right conscious of the time and labor in¬ so, where certain plants/sites would plant for the right place. Your choices volved in the maintenance of my liv¬ warrant it, I dust and work in some dolo- should be based on natural community ing inventory. In 2002, I provided mitic lime (purchased in bulk from a models. Respect those native species supplemental watering only twice to Fredericksburg quarry). which, through their own unique mecha¬ my raised beds, and none whatsoever My raised stock beds might be con¬ nisms, have historically occurred in your to naturalized sites. sidered unique micro-habitats, which particular local area. Plant provenance Quite simply, the perennial layering maybe considerably amended/manipu¬ should be responsibly reflected in our of composted media is what enables us lated in order to accommodate the par¬ "sense of place," as well as the sources to sustain plantings through stressful ticular cultural requirements of certain of our nursery-propagated purchases. periods, and to greatly reduce time oth¬ native stock. I build soil and soiless me¬ For the time being, the Atlas of the erwise spent in weeding. To the more ex¬ dia above my composite- and clay-based Virginia Flora remains the most useful ref¬ perienced grower/gardener, this point may soils. Here the intention is to increase the erence for field records of native species. seem all too obvious. Yet, whatever our level texture and "drainability" of these "con¬ (Send $22.75 to Virginia Botanical Asso¬ of knowledge, successful gardening with trolled" beds. In naturalized planting ar¬ ciates, c/o Robert Wright, Virginia Bo¬ natives is most critically based in the con¬ eas, we are chiefly layering on composted tanical Associates, Inc., 10210 Common¬ tent of our planting ground. materials with some gritty sand in order wealth Boulevard, Fairfax, VA 22302.) A relatively attractive and inexpen¬ to increase the moisture-retentive prop¬ Also, our VNPS website features numer¬ sive model of a compost enclosure is pro¬ erties of on-site soils. ous texts recommended for guidelines in vided below. The type featured herein has Some of our esteemed VNPS col¬ the cultivation and proper siting of our effectively served my nursery grounds leagues would hope that fellow members native species. Lastly, our cultivation ef¬ for 10 years running, and still shows no spend more time and energy on the pres¬ forts should not run contrary to the con¬ signs of dilapidation. Our perennial ervation of our native plant communities, servation of our natural resources - such compost pile contents include: whole rather than "landscaping" them into our as water. Hence the practical value of and shredded leaves fallen onto lawn properties. I believe that the protection of composting and mulching. O O

o Here's a recipe for a reasonably attractive and inexpensive composting enclosure: o • One roll (or less) of wood-slat and wire snow fencing } • 5 or 6 foot metal stakes } available through • nylon cord, baling twine or wire } most co-ops Once you decide on the diameter/circumference, allow for a two- to two-and-a-half foot spacing between stakes to determine how many you'll need. Allow a little more room between the two stakes which will define your entry way - enough room to accommodate the width of your wheelbarrow. After driving in your stakes, unfurl your snow-fence roll around your circle of stakes. Use cord to tie the fencing slats to your stakes as you gradually unfurl. Start your tying-on at one of the two entry stakes, securing ties at an upper and lower point on each stake. Mary Painter, VNPS Membership Chair

Page 6 April 2003 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society

Native plants with drought tolerance Bugs and gardening topic of Northern Neck meeting Arcostaphylos uva-ursi (bearberry) Iris cristata (dwarf crested iris) Aster cordifolius (blue wood aster) Liatris pycnostachya (prairie blazing star) The Northern Neck Chap¬ Aster divaricatus (white wood aster) Liatris squarrosa (scaly blazing star) ter, one of VNPS’s newest Aster dumosus Opuntia compressa (prickly pear) groups, is planning a buggy Aster ericoides (heath aster) Paxistyma canbyi (mountain jade) gathering for its summer meet¬ Aster linariifolius (bristly aster) Phlox divaricata ('May breeze') ing on July 17 at 7:30 p.m. at Aster oblongifolius Polemonium reptans (Jacob's ladder) Aster pilosus (frost aster) Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas fern) Wicomico Episcopal Church. Aster vimineus (small white aster) Rhus aromatica (fragrant sumac) The evening's speaker. Art Bouteloua curtipendula (side oats gramma) Rhus coppalina (winged sumac) Evans, is planning to put up a Carex pensylvanica (sedge) Rosa Carolina screen and use a black light to Carex plantaginea (sedge) Rudbeckia fulgida (orange coneflower) attract insects. The program Chasmanthium latifoliuni (river oats) Rudbeckia triloba (three-leaved coneflower) topic to be complemented by the Celtis occidentalis (hackberry) Salvia lyrata (lyre-leaved sage) creatures is "Gardening with Clethra acuminata (cinnamon-clethra) Sanguinaria canadensis (bloodroot) bugs." Cornus racemosa (grey dogwood) Schizacharium scoparium (little bluestem) The church is located along Diospyros virginiana (persimmon) Solidago rugosa (rough-leaved goldenrod) Dryopteris marginalis (marginal shield fern) Sorghastrum nutans (Indian grass) Rt. 200 in Northumberland Geranium maculatum (wood geranium) Stokesia laevis (Stoke's aster) County on the Northern Neck. Heuchera americana (American alumroot) Stylophorum diphyllum (wood poppy) Call Ann Messick at 804-435- Heuchera macrorhiza ('Autumn Bride') Tradescantia virginiana (spiderwort) 6673 for more information. Hydrangea cjuercifolia (oakleaf hydrangea) Virburnum prunifolium (blackhaw viburnum)

Cullowhee Conference offering scholarships The 20th Anniversary Cullowhee propagation, production, education lar interest in native plants and their Conference, "Native Plants in the and perpetuation of native plants in use in the landscape. Application dead¬ Landscape" will be held July 24-26 at the landscape. Students and interns in line is 5 p.m., Friday, May 9. Results Western Carolina University, landscape architecture, horticulture, will be mailed by June 7. For more in¬ * Cullowhee, N.C. botany and ecology are especially en¬ formation, contact Elaine Nash, Chair¬ Up to 23 scholarships will be couraged to apply. man, Cullowhee Scholarship Commit¬ awarded to college students, botanical Any full-time college student (un¬ tee, 3390 Hwy. 20 SE, Conyers, Ga. garden interns, and nature center or dergraduate or graduate) during the 30013-2866 or call 770-922-7292 leave park interns involved with programs 2002-2003 academic years may apply message, number and time to call. on native plants and interested in if he /she can demonstrate a particu¬ Also visit http://cess.wcu.edu/np.

See the address label for your membership expiration date The Bulletin VNPS Membership/Renewal Form ISSN 1085-9632 Name(s)_ is published five times a year Address_ (Feb., April, June, August, Nov.) by City_State_Zip_ Virginia Native Plant Society _Individual $30 _Student $15 Blandy Experimental Farm _Family $30 _Associate (groups) $40* * 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2 _Patron $50 _Sustaining $100 Boyce, VA 22620 _Life $500 (540)837-1600 Tlease designate one person as delegate for Associate membership [email protected] To give a gift membership or join additional chapters: Enclose dues, name, address, and www.vnps.org chapter (non-voting memberships in any other than your primary chapter are $5) Nicky Staunton, President I wish to make an additional contribution to_VNPS or_Chapter in the Nancy Sorrells, Editor amount of_$10_$25_$50_$100_$(Other)_ Original material contained in the Bulletin may be _Check if you do not wish your name to be listed to be exchanged with similar reprinted, provided credit is given to VNPS and the organizations in a chapter directory author, if named. Readers are invited to send letters, news items, or original articles for the editor's con¬ Make check payable to VNPS and mail to: sideration. Items should be typed, on disk in Microsoft Word or e-mailed to: Editor, 3419 Cold Springs Rd., VNPS Membership Chair, Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2, Greenville, VA 24440, or [email protected] Boyce, VA 22620

Membership dues are tax deductible in the amount they exceed $5. Contributions are tax deductible in accordance with IRS regulations. The deadline for the next issue is May 15

April 2003 Page 7 i Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Gronovius book to New book looks at interaction between man, forest aid Flora Project Chris Bolgiano is surrounded by some cases, however, as with the coal the subject of her newest book. That’s barons ravaging the landscape (Continued from page 3) because she and her husband, Ralph, through mountaintop removal, the bad based on John Clayton's specimens have long made their home on 100 guys are all too obvious. Native plant and comprised the first systematic wooded acres in the western mountains society members will particularly enjoy flora of Virginia. It established many of Virginia. But Living in the Appalachian sections about low-impact timbering new genera. According to informa¬ Forest: True Tales of Sustainable Forestry using horses and about ginseng. tion taken from a website, "John goes far beyond the feel-good prose of Readers familiar with Chris' ear¬ Clayton came to Virginia in 1705, nature writing. Instead she chooses to lier two books on the Appalachian for¬ where his father was attorney gen¬ examine the hard issues that inevitably est and mountain lions will again de¬ eral." Clayton had an estate on the occur when humans inhabit a forest. light in the descriptive essays that de¬ Piankatank River in Mathews She looks at the "good guys" and tail persons and places of the forest. The County and spent much time collect¬ the "bad guys" within the forest land¬ paperback, published by Stackpole, re¬ ing Virginia plants and discussing scape and notes the blurring of lines be¬ cently won first in the Virginia Outdoor them with J.F. and Laurens T. tween those who seek sustainability Writers Association members' contest. Gronovius, Carl Linnaeus, Peter and those who seek profitability. In (200 pp., $18.95, ISBN 0-8117-2845-5) Kalm, Peter Collinson and John Bartram. "After many delays, the re¬ Wintergreen Spring Wildflower Symposium sults of his work were embodied in The Wintergreen Nature Founda¬ Enjoy a tour of the gardens with the Flora Virginica by Gronovius. Be¬ tion hosts its 20th Annual Spring Wild¬ well-known landscape architects; cause Clayton's herbarium speci¬ flower Symposium May 9-11. Over 20 learn the medicinal properties of the mens formed the basis of this work, it well-known authors, botanists and common plants with author of The is asserted that it should be called naturalists will lead more than 60 ac¬ Green Pharmacy, Dr. James Duke; enjoy 'Clayton's Flora Virginica,' but the fi¬ tivities including wildflower walks, the waterfalls as you walk the area. nal identification of the specimens, photography and astronomy work¬ Whether you are a wildflower en¬ the science and system of the book, shops, garden tours, landscape design thusiast, outdoor educator or simply were largely the work of Gronovius." classes and birding activities. This an admirer of the Blue Ridge land¬ In the first edition he used a binomial weekend of relaxation, learning and scape, this program has something for nomenclature which preceded fun takes place at the Trillium House you. If you are interested in attending, Linnaeus' system by a decade; in the at the Wintergreen Resort, home to The contact Liz Salas at 434-325-7451 or present edition, he employed a more Wintergreen Nature Foundation, [email protected]. A schedule Linnaean system of identification. nestled in the Blue Ridge mountains. can be found at www.twnf.org.

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Bull Run Mountain a focal point for Annual Meeting Mark your calendars for the VNPS Annual Meeting to be held September 12-14 in Prince William County and Manassas. The Prince William Wildflower Society is preparing a wide range of field trips and speakers to highlight the great diversity to be found in the only county in the state that spans geographically from mountains to tidewater. The VNPS Board business meeting will take place Friday, September 12 from 3 to 5 p.m. at Bethel Lutheran Church in Manassas. Participants will reconvene at 7 p.m. for a social mixer. The capping event for Friday night will be a presentation by Michael Kieffer, Executive Director of the Bull Run Moun¬ tains Conservancy. Michael will guide us through the 800-acre Bull Run Mountain Natural Area Preserve (through a slide show on Friday and a field trip on Saturday). This preserve was the recent subject of an intense field study by the Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation - Natural Heritage and the conservancy that resulted in the identification of 11 major plant communities. Nodding trillium has been located on the mountain that looks westward from High Point. In the (See Bull Run, page 6) Newport News decision favors state's natural resources On May 22, the Virginia Marine have allowed construction of an intake water to other localities and businesses Resources Commission (VMRC) voted pipe that would draw up to 75 million on the lower Peninsula for future to deny a permit to Newport News that gallons of water a day from the growth of the area. Opponents argued would have allowed the creation of the Mattaponi River to fill the proposed that Newport News' water projections King William Reservoir. This hearing, 1,500-acre reservoir, flooding over 400 were inflated compared to the regional the second of two due to large public acres of wetlands. growth rates. Water projection numbers attendance, was the latest in the con¬ The reservoir was to be con¬ used for the permit were those origi¬ troversial project's 18-year history. structed to supply water to Newport nally proposed before Virginia Beach The permit, if approved, would News, which would in turn supply (See Decision, page 7) — Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society .= From the president. Summer is great for getting to know plant friends

Summer and being 5 years old meant that I.. .was short enough to smell the flowers without bending over...small enough to lie on the top of the clipped hedge of my Grandmother's garden and watch the clouds form images...had time for just sitting under a humongous white oak tree, shaded and cooled by its shadow, watching wood ants toting their finds to the nest. Once in a while I'd get to travel to the North Carolina mountains for a family visit. It was in the mountains that the magic of wildflowers entered my life forever because it was mostly natural woods, lanes and meadows. At least, at 5, that is what I saw. Much of our learning takes place when we are 3,4,5 years old. The intensity of learning is seldom met later in our lives. Today, some children still have free summer time to lie on BOTANY the ground and watch clouds form images of animals. Some, but not all, children There should be no monotony get to natural areas with parents who understand the refreshing of spirit and the In studying your Botany. learning that takes place there. For many, adults and children, there is a vacuum of It helps to train knowledge about nature. They really aren't aware that their lives depend on And spur the brain - plants and the life supported by plants—in the wild. Not gardens. Not zoos. But Unless you haven't gotany. in wild places. Perhaps the efforts made by Virginia Native Plant Society and other habitat It teaches you, does Botany, conservation groups will make a difference. Let's hope the decline of habitats To know the plants and spotany, and species and a growing appreciation of our regional beauty turns to a change And learn just why of public and private policy that will respect the land and its resources. They live or die - Meanwhile, whether you travel or stay home this summer, enjoy the regional In case you plant or potany. flora where you are. Maybe this summer is the time to start a "Native Plant Life List." This summer, learn to identify plants that you see using a field guide for the You learn, from reading Botany, region, note where the plant lives (soil, sun, water, community) along with the Ofwooly plants and cottony date and location. Also, check to see its origin, whether it is common to the area or That grow on earth, whether it is a rare plant. Sketch or paint or photograph the plant and/or its And zvhat they're zvorth, habitat. Notice any wildlife in relationship with the plant. And zvhy some spots have not any. The goal? Once you know a plant friend's name and learn all that you can about it, you appreciate it. Once you appreciate it, you care about its survival. When you You sketch the plants in Botany, reach that point, you look for other like-minded people and together, you will find a You learn to and plotany way to give your plant friend and its community protection. That is what we are Like corn or oats - about in the Virginia Native Plant Society. You jot dozvn notes, My summer? Well, the Bruce Peninsula pilgrimage will soon be under way. If you knozv hozv to jotany. Before going to Newfoundland with our group, there will be visits to my local natural areas to observe and monitor some special plant species. There will be Your time, if you'll allotany, removal of the dense and diverse alien plant invasion of my home landscape. Will teach you hozv and zvhat any Hopefully, trips around Virginia to enjoy both new and familiar natural areas Old plant or tree will be part of vour summer. Growing season for plants is also a growing Can do or be - season for our botanical knowledge. And that's the use of Botany! Happy native plant trails, friends. Your President, Nicky Staunton Berton Braleym Science News Letter March 9,1929 Page 2 June 2003 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society _- Useful plant websites Websites about invasive alien plants VNPS FISCAL YEAR 2002 1. Virginia Invasive Plant Fact Sheets, in¬ cluding information on invasive control and on native alternatives; also a list of inva¬ sive plants in Virginia. Natural Heritage INCOME STATEMENT Division, Department of Conservation Income: and Recreation, www.dcr.state.va.us/ Dues, Membership $25,179 dnh/invinfo.htm. Also available. Manag¬ ing Invasive Alien Plants in Natural Areas, Donations $ 6,807* Parks, and Small ]Noodlots by K.E. Heffernan, Income Fundraising Letter $ 4,600 1998, www.dcr.state.va. us/dnh/mnginv.pdf. Sponsored Events (Net) $ 4,242 2. Information on invasive plants in Vir¬ Sales, Gifts & Books $ 299 ginia, and many other links. Virginia Na¬ tive Plant Society website www.vnps.org. Interest Income $ 490 3. Downloadable images of invasive exotic Dividend Income $ 7 species in North America, The Bugwood Capital Gains on Donated Stock $ 306 Network, www.invasive.org. Other Income $ 1,033 4. Invasive plants: information and con¬ TOTAL INCOME $ 42,963 trol. The Nature Conservancy website, http://tncweeds.ucdavis.edu. This is na¬ tionwide in its coverage. Expenses: 5. Control of Invasive Non-native Plants: Cost of Gifts, Books Sold $ 168 A Guide for Gardeners and Homeowners Newsletter $ 13,019 in the Mid-Atlantic Region, Maryland Native Plant Society publication, Botany $ 2,665 www.mdflora.org/publications/ Membership Development $ 1,123 invasives.htm. Publicity $ 200 6. Voluntary codes of conduct for garden¬ Registry Program $ 32 ers and commercial, professional and gov¬ Conservation $ 952 ernment groups whose actions affect the spread of invasive plant species. Missouri Long Range Planning $ 81 Botanical Garden website, "Linking Ecol¬ Accounting/Tax Preparation $ 850 ogy and Horticulture to Prevent Plant In¬ Fundraising Letter $ 880 vasions," www.mobot.org/iss/. Insurance $ 1,785 7. Information about invasive plants in the U.S., including fact sheets. Plant Conserva¬ Taxes/License $ 25 tion Alliance, www.nps.gov/plants/alien. A Dues/Memberships $ 450 publication covering 82 invasives in the Mid- Administration $20,065 Atlantic Region can be found in electronic TOTAL EXPENSES $ 42,295 form by adding: /pubs/midatlantic to above address. 8. National plant protection issues, includ¬ NET INCOME $ 668 ing threats from invasive alien plants. Native Plant Conservation Campaign. SUMMARY BALANCE Sponsored by the California Native TOTAL ASSETS $ 15,638 Plant Society and The Center for Bio¬ logical Diversity, www.cnps.org and Current Liabilities $ 40 www.biologicaldiversity.org. Net Worth $ 15,598 9. Invasive plants of the southeast. Southeast Exotic Pest Plant Council, TOTAL LIABILITIES AND NET WORTH $ 15,638 w w w.se-eppc.org, and links to other sites, including various state EPPC chapters. Websites about Virginia native plants The above financial statements, as well as bank 1. Virginia Native Plant Society, info on reconciliations, and general ledger detail for the year membership, native plants, plus links to ending 10/31/02, have been reviewed by Updegrove, other wildflower sites, www.vnps.org and www.vnps.org/references.htm Combs, McDaniel & Wilson, P.L.C. Leesburg, Virginia 2. Native Plants for Conservation, Restoration, Submitted by Rebecca Clay, VNPS Treasurer and Landscaping, Division of Natural Heri¬ tage, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, a useful publication, available ^Includes $2,000 donation from the Potowmack Chapter and $500 donation on www.dcr.state.va.us/dnh/native.htm. from the Prince William Wildflower Society Compiled by Ruth Douglas, VNPS Director-at-large

June 2003 -.-.—-- Page 3 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society John Clayton Chapter to Archaeology gives clues about famous botanist host program about namesake For almost a year, archaeological investigations have been under way at On July 17, the John Clayton Windsor Farm in Mathews County, Virginia, a site rumored for decades to have Chapter will welcome archaeologist been the home of 18th-century botanist John Clayton. To date, 19 five-foot by five- Robert Harper and his team members foot test units have been excavated. They are spread out over an acre hilltop who will present a program on their thought to have been the center of the 450 acres described by Clayton in his 1773 ongoing investigation at Windsor Farm. will as, “all the plantation or tract of land whereon 1 now live in the aforesaid parish of Long rumored to be the home of bota¬ Ware in county of Gloucester..." From almost the moment the ink had dried on that nist John Clayton, this site has yielded document, this man who served for 53 years as clerk of Gloucester County, au¬ over 10,000 artifacts in the past year. thor, cartographer, plantation owner, land speculator, father to eight children The presentation will be deliv¬ and was called in his lifetime “Mr. Clayton the Great Botanist of America," be¬ ered in three parts. Linda Breaks of came one of the most frustrating enigmas in Virginia history. Gloucester Point will give a synopsis With the unfortunate passing of Windsor's most recent owner in early 2002, of John Clayton's life, including his it became the concern of two Gloucester historians, Lorna Wass and Boyd Gwyn, British ancestry, formative years and that the site would be sold out of the current family ownership and developed, adult life in Gloucester County. Ar¬ thus whisking possibly the last physical vestige of John Clayton from the local chaeological volunteer Lisa Harper soil. A plan was formulated by four friends with archaeological backgrounds to will deliver an overview of initial test¬ secure permission, assemble needed materials and funding and arrange sched¬ ing in the area where it is believed ules to allow digging during favorable conditions. Logistics from weatherproof¬ Clayton may have cultivated his gar¬ ing and grass cutting on the site to the long-term conservation and storage of den, considered the best in Virginia artifacts had to be considered, but within 90 days the site had been laid out and the in the 1730s. Principal investigator first secrets of the plantation were being brought to light. Robert Harper will present research Since June of 2002, nearly 54,000 pounds of soil and building debris have leading to the selection of Windsor been examined and over 10,000 artifacts recovered, ranging in date from the late Farm for excavation, the ongoing ex¬ 17th through the early 20th century. While not a single artifact personally attrib¬ cavations of the house foundations utable to John Clayton or his family has been recovered, each day in the field and the artifacts recovered in relation brings to light more clues to this long-forgotten plantation. The vast majority of to the site history. the 18th-century artifacts recovered fall precisely into the date range of Clayton's Robert Harper has been overseeing supposed ownership (circa 1730-1774), conforming to a letter written by Clayton the Windsor Archaeological Project de¬ in 1764 in which he hints of having lived in Ware Parish for at least 30 years. spite undergoing an extended period Excavations in the possible garden area revealed a row of post holes forming of rehabilitation for a broken elbow. He a fence line at an angle askew to the 19th-century buildings, but amazingly currently serves as national president similar in appearance to those lines drawn on the only surviving land document of the Colonial American Artifact As¬ concerning Clayton. This 1754 recording of a lawsuit brought by Clayton against sociation headquartered in DeLand, his neighbors was for the sole purpose of straightening his angular land bound¬ Florida, and volunteers his other free aries in order to make two of them into a more perfect square. From one of the postholes time in archaeological projects at came a remarkably preserved section of cedar post and two shards of ceramic, dating Rosewell Plantation and the Fairfield the fence line to the mid- to late-18th century. A burned post and shell walkway were Foundation and in the recent past, at also encountered in the garden units, but are more likely of 19th-century origin. Greenspring Plantation, and Virginia Initial probing disclosed a brick foundation 50 feet west of the current 1880s Institute of Marine Science and the Na¬ farmhouse where family tradition stated the original house was located. Excava¬ tional Park Service's “East of New Town tions have revealed a foundation 24 by 16 feet, gone along both end walls down Survey" at Jamestown. He is the author to the last course of brick, but basically intact along both 24-foot sidewalls. The of numerous articles on artifacts recov¬ remaining walls are five courses high, two bricks (18 inches) in thickness, laid in ered from the Commonwealth of Vir¬ English bond and at some time plastered on the interior. ginia, a contributing writer to six Two wing additions of 16-foot width, but as of yet unconfirmed length, have books on Civil War collecting and Vir¬ been exposed. The south wing appears to have burned along with the main block ginia history and the author of two of the house, but the north wing may have survived the fire and provided the books, Richmond County 1692-1992: A family shelter while the new house was under construction. It is thought that Tricentennial Portrait and What Mean timbers salvaged from this wing might have been used in building the 19th- These Stones. century smokehouse whose footing actually overlies the north wing site by a few This meeting will be held on Thurs¬ feet. The most massive timbers in the smokehouse are hand hewn, show signs of day, July 17, 7 p.m. in Watermen's Hall reuse and are held in place with wooden pegs, all the while being adjoined to smaller at the Virginia Institute of Marine Sci¬ beams that are machine sawn and held together with more modern nails. ence in Gloucester Point. For informa¬ Insurance policies of 1802 and 1806, taken out by Clayton's grandson Jasper tion and directions, contact Janis Miller on his plantation called “Windsor" describes his house as, “24 by 16, two story (804-966-9119; [email protected]). high first story of Brick at 8 feet pitch 2nd of wood about 10' Do. [ditto] The lower floor (See Windsor Project, page 8) Page 4 June 2003 . Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Invasive plant conference to be in Philadelphia Make plans to attend The Invasive Plant Conference, to ference will address the issues of inva¬ be held in Philadelphia August 6-7, will sive plants and share knowledge from tri-state conference focus on the implications of invasive all levels of management so that tech¬ Mark your calendars for October plants and possible solutions to this eco¬ niques for control can be found. 4-5. That’s the weekend conference, logical problem. The Morris Arboretum The invasive issue is not purely a sponsored by VNPS and the Maryland of the University of Pennsylvania, The topic for natural land managers. Mem¬ and West Virginia native plant societ¬ Mid-Atlantic Exotic Plant Pest Council, bers of the green industry are in the middle ies. The conference focus is on the na¬ The Nature Conservancy and Penn State of a growing debate regarding the ethics tive plants and geology of the Blue Cooperative Extension, The Pennsylva¬ of planting invasive species in the Ridge Mountains and Potomac Valley. nia Department of Conservation and region's public and private landscapes. The three societies, together with Natural Resources, and other institu¬ The conference, valuable for land the U.S. National Park Service, will ex¬ tions are organizing the conference. managers, municipal workers, county plore how the Potomac River both di¬ The sponsoring organizations ac¬ and state parks personnel, home gar¬ vides and connects the three states. tively engage in public education re¬ deners, restoration volunteers, and con¬ Speakers, discussions, and a field trip garding the management of invasive servation district personnel, will also will look at the native plants and natu¬ plants and, through the two-day semi¬ be highly beneficial for landscape pro¬ ral communities that bridge the arbi¬ nar, will bring together experts from the fessionals and nurserymen. It intends trary boundary of the river, and also fields of research, the green industry, to raise questions from all sides of the at each state's perspective on conser¬ invasive policy, public education, and debate, and will present alternatives to vation issues. The conference will be on-the-ground management. invasive plants and the latest research at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Researchers estimate that there regarding possible solutions. National Conservation Training Cen¬ have been over 50,000 plant species Speakers include: Emile DiVito "Im¬ ter in Shepherdstown, West Virginia, introduced into North America. Scien¬ pacts of Invasives;" Cole Burell "More on the Potomac just east of 1-81. tists are now finding proof that certain than a Pretty Face: Native Alternatives Plant society and trail conference invasive plants lead to a loss of to Invasive Species;" and Rick Darke members, and Department of Interior biodiversity in native ecosystems. "Roadside Restoration with Native employees registering by July 1 will re¬ Many of these invasive species, which Plants." Topics include the St. Louis ceive a special early bird registration dis¬ have been planted in our front yards Declaration; alternatives to planting in¬ count of $35 per person (plus $16.50 for and parks, have become "botanical vasive plants; the role of the federal gov¬ the Saturday social) as opposed to $45 pollutants" to our native areas. The ef¬ ernment in addressing the problem of after July 1. Non-member registration is fects of these introductions have re¬ invasives; biological control; herbicides $55. To register, please send check (pay¬ sulted in rapidly shrinking populations as control measures; deer impacts; eth¬ able to Maryland Native Plant Society) of native plants, and those losses are ics; and case studies. to: Meghan Tice, P.O. Box 25, Bowie, MD threatening native animals and insects, The cost is $150 per person and in¬ 20719. For more information, please con¬ which depend on the plants for their sur¬ cludes all lunches. To register or for more tact: Meghan Tice, 2003 Regional Con¬ vival. What does this mean for our area information, call 215-247-5777 xl59, ference Chair, [email protected] or and what is being done to control this email [email protected] or 301-809-0139. Look for more conference phenomenon? The Invasive Plants Con¬ go to www.upenn.edu/paflora. details in the August Bulletin. Lewis Ginter celebrates horticultural education in 2003 Nature newsletter launched Throughout 2003, the Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden in Richmond will be pre¬ Nature writer Marlene Condon, senting "Branching Out," a series of nine programs to celebrate the opening of the new whose columns appear regularly in 36,000-square-foot Education and Library Complex and to demonstrate the breadth of Virginia Wildlife, is launching a the garden's vision for year-round horticultural education. The programs, which be¬ monthly nature newsletter entitled gan in February and continue through November 13, partner with nationally recog¬ The Happy Habitat. If you would like nized institutions and experts for in-depth exploration of a diverse range of topics. to receive a complimentary copy of The October 2 program, "The Botanical Journey of Lewis and Clark" will be the first issue (due out this sum¬ presented by Peter Hatch, Director of Monticello's Gardens and Grounds and Dr. mer), send your printed or typed James Reveal, botanical scholar, working on the unique collection of original name, phone number, and com¬ plant specimens from that famed expedition. plete address to: "The Happy Habi¬ The November 13 "Plant Life Conservation Day" is a day-long symposium tat"- Dept. VW, P.O. Box 235, White focusing on the role of plants in ecosystem management and preservation, water¬ Hall, VA 22987-0235. shed issues and environmental education. Included will be a special presentation You will receive the introductory on the inventory of native Virginia plants by the Flora of Virginia project. issue at no cost. At that time, if you A variety of gardening subjects will also be offered monthly. For informa¬ wish to continue the subscription, tion, contact Lucy Coggins at 804-262-9887 or go to www.lewisginter.org. you may then send payment for the next 11 issues (one issue per month). June 2003 = Page 5 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society • Bull Run (Continued from page 1) Annual Meeting

1940s an intense multi-year inventory of the area was conducted, the results Prince William rich in habitat diversity of which were published in Castanea. Prince William Forest Park - plants associated with diabase Saturday of the Annual Meeting This forest, managed by the U.S. and prairies were located at this weekend will be a day of field trips. Department of the Interior's Na¬ site. Some unusual flora located Participants can choose half-day or tional Park Service, preserves ap¬ here are: blue-hearts (Buchnera all-day trips. Locations include (from proximately 17,000 acres of mixed americana), marsh hedge-nettle west to east): Bull Run Mountain, hardwood forest covering a major (Stachys pilosa var. arenicol), buffalo Conway Robinson Memorial State For¬ portion of the Quantico Creek wa¬ clover (Trifolium), Appalachian est, Manassas National Battlefield tershed. The park represents one quillwort (Isoetes appalachiana), and Park, Prince William Forest Park, of the largest parcels of undevel¬ hairy beardtongue (Penstemon Leesylvania State Park and Occoquan oped land in the area and is the hirsutus). National Wildlife Refuge. After a day third largest unit of the national Conway Robinson Memorial of adventure, members will have time park system in Virginia. That, com¬ Forest - The Virginia Department to freshen up before the evening events. bined with the fact that this park of Forestry manages this 400-acre is the largest example of a pied¬ forest at the intersection of Rt. 29 mont forest ecosystem in the na¬ and 1-66 in Gainesville. The forest VNPS Annual Meeting tional park system, makes it a sig¬ is not a working timber forest. It When: September 12-14 nificant natural resource. In addi¬ overlooks Little Bull Run on the Where: Prince William County tion, the park contains two physi¬ north side. The Washington (D.C.) & Manassas ographic provinces, the Piedmont Wildflower Preservation Society and Coastal Plain. It straddles the Sponsoring Chapter: Prince received the memorial land from southern and northern climates; a Conway Robinson's daughter and William Wildflower Society transition zone that supports it was named in honor of her fa¬ many species to the outer limits of ther, the founder of the Virginia their ranges. This creates a wide Historical Society. The forest is The annual meeting and election of of¬ diversity of habitat, vegetative home for several habitats, includ¬ ficers, dinner and a speaker will follow communities, and species compo¬ ing an open meadow maintained a silent auction. sition not generally found in any over a gasline. Historically, the On Sunday morning, some short single forest type. It is the location forest contains the end of the un¬ field trips are planned for those who of the small whorled pogonia finished railroad of pre-Civil War wish to participate before departing for (Isotria medeoloides) federally listed era. Plants found here include: the home. These include a tour of the na¬ as Threatened and listed in Virginia toothache tree (Zanthoxylum tive plant trail at the Northern Virginia as Endangered. John Dodge (VNPS americanum) and its insect compan¬ Community College Manassas Cam¬ member) and Dr. Ted Bradley of ion, the giant swallowtail butterfly. pus, a tour of a member's garden and George Mason University are cur¬ The Occoquan Bay National canoeing at Bull Run Marina on the rently conducting a two-year plant Wildlife Refuge - This refuge, lo¬ Occoquan Reservoir. Please come join inventory of the forest. cated in Woodbridge, combines us and help us enjoy and celebrate Manassas National Battle¬ both botany and birding opportu¬ Virginia's botanical diversity that can field Park - Although rich in Civil nities. There are upland meadows be found in Prince William County. War history, this 5,000-acre tract is and wetlands that are on the shore also significant for its natural habi¬ of the Occoquan River, which flows Fall plant sale tat. As part of the Piedmont dia¬ to the Potomac. The 500 acres sup¬ base (dark colored igneous rock) Fairfax County's Green Spring port over 700 species of plants and uplands, it consists of a mosaic of Gardens will host a fall plant sale Sat¬ 223 species of birds. The butterfly open fields, fencerows, woodlands urday, September 6 from 10 a.m. to 3 species counts have reached 70. and thickets, and patches of sec¬ p.m. Rare and unusual plants, native The original land received by ondary forest on a rolling land¬ plants, perennials and shrubs suitable U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service from scape. Most of this area in the for northern Virginia gardens will be the U.S. Army supported 20 differ¬ Culpeper Basin is underlain by sold. Visitors can also shop at the ent plant communities. Eastern coarse-grained Triassic diabase or Manor Flouse and Horticulture Cen¬ gama-grass (Tripsacum dactyloides) metasiltstone, both of which ter. The center is open 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. of the upland meadows is the larg¬ weather to circumneutral, clay-rich every day except Sunday, when it opens est stand in Virginia and supports soils. Four significant communi¬ at noon. For information call 703-642- rodents that in turn support raptors, ties and 10 occurrences of rare 5173 or go to www.greenspring.org. including the northern harrier. Page 6 ~- —— June 2003 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Memo offers good news •Decision to the negative impact the intake would (Continued from page 1) TO: Interested Parties have on populations of American shad. started withdrawing water from the FROM: Joe Maroon, Director, Va. Dept. Shad are anadromous (migratory) fish Roanoke River basin through the con¬ of Conservation and Recreation species that live their adult lives in the troversial Lake Gaston Pipeline project, DATE: May 9, 2003 ocean and return to freshwater to spawn. approved in the 1990s. RE: Decision on Proposed Lease of 23 The shad populations have been so im¬ Several groups, such as the Chesa¬ Acres at Occoneechee State Park pacted in Virginia that a moratorium has peake Bay Foundation, the Sierra Club Today, I am announcing the deci¬ been passed on fishing this species. The Virginia Chapter, the Mattaponi and sion to deny the request by the Town of proposed intake would have been located Pamunkey Indian Tribes, the Mattaponi Clarksville and their Industrial Devel¬ in the middle of Virginia's prime shad and Pamunkey Rivers Association, fish¬ opment Authority to sublease 23 acres spawning grounds. ermen, and individual citizens of land for three golf holes at The rejected reservoir has experi¬ throughout the Commonwealth, Occoneechee State Park. I will approve enced a series of ups and downs over turned out to oppose the permit. the draft Master Plan for the the past several years. The U.S. Army VNPS presented its opposition to Occoneechee State Park without refer¬ Corps of Engineers Norfolk District de¬ this project based on the large environ¬ ence to the proposed sublease. Given the nied a permit for construction of the res¬ mental impacts to the local community, high level of interest in this matter, I ervoir after it determined water needs impacts to Virginia's indigenous popu¬ thought you might be interested in hear¬ were exaggerated and impacts to the en¬ lation, and the largest destruction of ing about the decision. vironment and cultural resources were wetlands in Virginia in over 30 years. Governor Warner and I have each too great. Governor Jim Gilmore ap¬ sent a letter to town officials. Mine out¬ These wetlands, and others along the pealed the decision to the corps' North Mattaponi River, support numerous na¬ lines the decision; the Governor's out¬ Atlantic Division in New York, which tive plant communities and contain lines several state initiatives, including overruled the Norfolk District's deci¬ developments at the park, which are populations of the federally threatened sion last October. The decision by VMRC sensitive joint-vetch (Aeschynomene aimed at helping the area economically. was the latest act in this drama. Secretary of Commerce and Trade virginica). Members of VNPS and other oppo¬ Opponents also argued that there Michael Schewel is in Clarksville today nents to this project will continue moni¬ announcing the initiatives. were other options for providing wa¬ toring this issue in case Newport News In brief, my letter to the town out¬ ter to the region, such as installing de¬ decides to appeal the VMRC decision. salination water treatment plants to re¬ lines the following reasons for the deci¬ Many thanks to the members who wrote sion: The transfer of state park land for a move salt from brackish waters. One letters, attended public meetings, and non-park use would set an unacceptable such water treatment plant was recently contacted public officials. This success completed in the region. precedent for Virginia's State Park sys¬ would not have been possible without tem. The proposal would result in the The Virginia Institute of Marine your involvement. Science (VIMS) opposed the project due (See Memo, page 8) Chris French, VNPS Conservation Chair

See the address label for your membership expiration date The Bulletin VNPS Membership/Renewal Form ISSN 1085-9632 Name(s)_ is published five times a year (Feb., April, June, August, Nov.) by Address_ City_State_Zip_ Virginia Native Plant Society _Individual $30 _Student $15 Blandy Experimental Farm _Family $40 _Associate (groups) $40* 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2 _Patron $50 _Sustaining $100 Boyce, VA 22620 _Life $500 (540)837-1600 *Please designate one person as delegate for Associate membership [email protected] To give a gift membership or join additional chapters: Enclose dues, name, address, and www.vnps.org chapter (non-voting memberships in any other than your primary chapter are $5) Nicky Staunton, President I wish to make an additional contribution to_VNPS or_Chapter in the Nancy Sorrells, Editor amount of_$10_$25_$50_$100_$(Other)_ Original material contained in the Bulletin maybe _Check if you do not wish your name to be listed to be exchanged with similar reprinted, provided credit is given to VNPS and the organizations in a chapter directory author, if named. Readers are invited to send letters, news items, or original articles for the editor's con¬ Make check payable to VNPS and mail to: sideration. Items should be typed, on disk in Microsoft Word or e-mailed to: Editor, 3419 Cold Springs Rd., VNPS Membership Chair, Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2, Greenville, VA 24440, or [email protected] Boyce, VA 22620

Membership dues are tax deductible in the amount they exceed $5. Contributions are tax deductible in accordance with IRS regulations. The deadline for the next issue is July 1

June 2003 Page 7 -- Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Windsor Project house for "decay or bad repair," leading home more than a few hundred miles. (Continued from page 4) us to believe that the house was old at His education in botany and his re¬ of the large room Several feet below the that time. It is certain that Clayton training to fit the established norm of surface of the Earth." At each end was a willed his 450-acre home plantation to more “educated men" came from his wing "12 by 16, underpinned with brick, his son Jasper, who passed it to his son own readings of items that sometimes built of wood." This policy appears to Jasper, but it is only speculation and took many months to reach him from match the foundations uncovered in all family tradition that our site is part of Europe. Friends of high esteem in the aspects, but tells us only that this those 450 acres and this house was the colonies like Benjamin Franklin, Gov¬ house existed in 1802, but not how home of the famous botanist. ernor John Page and Thomas Jefferson much earlier it might have been con¬ Clayton, from the time of his arrival acknowledged his value in the study structed. The policy informs us that m Virginia as a young man in 1715, of flora. The most scientific minded $250 in value is deducted from the probably never journeyed from his botanists in Europe hailed his achieve¬ • Memo ments with honors and knowingly rized under the 2002 State Parks and used his works (sometimes without (Continued from page 7) Natural Areas Bond for Occoneechee State proper credit) to enhance their own removal of public parkland from use by Park. (They were initially scheduled for the places in history. Like most gifted men state park visitors; be inconsistent with last phase of bond implementation.) of his enlightened age, Clayton took the voter's recent approval of the 2002 •Actively work with the town and other the established facts to memory in or¬ State Parks and Natural Areas Bond Is¬ parties to explore and evaluate the pos¬ der to communicate with his contem¬ sue that directed the Commonwealth to sibility of locating a conference/dining poraries, but applied the fire of “reading acquire more land for parks and make facility at the park. Any such facility would between the lines" and seeing past the facility improvements at existing parks; need to be constructed and operated con¬ haze of established theories of the given open the door for other efforts to remove sistent with the master plan for the park, to advance his love of plants into ideas land from the state park system for non¬ park rules and the park's other uses. and names that are still used almost park uses; be a breach of trust with the thou¬ •Work with the town and VDOT to cre¬ three centuries later in the study of flora. sands of Virginians who use our state ate direct links for recreation between the It is with this same flare of quest that the park system and who recently voted fur¬ town and the state park (including a pe¬ Windsor Archaeological Project volun¬ ther bond support for those same parks. destrian and/or bike link). teers return to the site each day to dig - The Governor's letter contains the I believe this is a very fair and bal¬ with the hope of solving the mystery of following directives relating to DCR: anced outcome that will benefit the town where John Clayton lived. •Speed up construction of the cabins, and the park and maintain the integrity Robert R. Harper equestrian campground, and visitor con¬ of our state park system. If you have any Principal Investigator at the Windsor Project tact station (totaling $4.2 million) autho- questions, please let me know. Thank you.

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A publication of the VIRGINIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY Conserving wild flowers and wild places www.vnps.org How full is the Shale barrens Flora planting hole? Cowpasture River hosts unique habitat You have all read about the out¬ When paddling down the Cowpasture River in Augusta, Highland, Alleghany reach efforts and technical workings and Bath counties or driving its valley, one is bound to notice the rocky, barren slopes of the Flora of Virginia Project Board of which dot the landscape along the river. Rocky, treacherous, steep, and devoid of lush Directors and Flora Advisory Board. forest growth, these slopes are covered in a distinctive and well-studied vegetation I'd like to tell you something about community known as an Appalachian shale barren. Most students of natural history where the project stands in terms of or vegetation in this region are familiar with this very distinctive habitat. fundraising. First, we (the Flora Project Appalachian shale barrens are found on steep, drought-prone hillsides under¬ Foundation's Board of Directors) are lain by shale and undercut by a stream or river. They are hot, facing southeast to west j) working with a big budget. We now with surface temperatures sometimes approaching 145 degrees Fahrenheit at mid- estimate that the project will cost a little afternoon. The barrens feature a sparse canopy of Virginia pine, oaks and a over $2 million. This will cover all mix of other trees including white ash, pignut hickory, redbud and red costs of preparing the manual for pub¬ cedar. Underneath the thin canopy, shrubs are sparse and the herb lication: coauthor contracts, illustra¬ layer ranges from bare rock to reindeer lichen to a thatch of little ft tors, editors, taxonomists, fees to incor¬ bluestem and other grasses and herbs. The occurrence of prickly porate the Virginia Botanical Associ¬ pear cactus (Opuntia compressa) on many of the shale barrens is testa¬ ates' Atlas, accountant fees (for audits), ment to the barren aspect of these sites. Cliffs, outcrops andv attorney fees (for contracts and intel¬ large patches of open ground may occur on the barrens. ^ lectual property issues), miscellaneous The shale barrens are best known for their distinctive plant fees for expenses and fundraising, and life. Providing dry, open habitat amidst a historically for¬ director and officers insurance. ested landscape, the barrens provide a home for grasses Second, we have actually covered and herbs that cannot grow in shade. Wildflowers1 a lot of these expenses through agree¬ abound such as moss phlox in the spring, sunflowers in the summer, and asters in the fall. Amidst the ments, matching funds, and gifts-in¬ open barrens, species that are uncommon or kind. The Department of Conservation Arabis serotina rare in the region can be found including the and Recreation's (DCR) Division of shale-barren rock cress yellow nailwort (Paronychia virginica), narrow¬ Illustration by Natural Heritage has a Memorandum leaved bluecurls (Trichostema setaceum) and the Nicky Staunton of Agreement with the Foundation of (See Shale barrens, page 7) the Flora of Virginia Project, Inc. to pro¬ vide staff, office space, equipment, ex¬ VNPS Annual Meeting: "Prince William penses, administrative support, meet¬ ing space, and website access. This Flora and Fauna from the Mountains to the Tidewater" component alone is estimated to be The Prince William Wildflower Society chapter invites you to the 2003 VNPS worth approximately $360,000 over the Annual Meeting September 12-14. Explore the varied flora and fauna in \ life of the project, making DCR its pri- Virginia's only county which spans three geologic provinces, from Bull Run ► mary organizational partner. A law Mountain to the coastal plain on the Potomac River. The Prince William area firm in Washington, D.C., has pledged is historically rich and provides an exciting backdrop for hiking, canoeing, work equaling $45,000 to the project. exploring the urban and rural wilds, hearing exciting speakers and visiting with old and new friends. (See Annual Meeting, page 8) (See Flora Project, page 7) _: Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society - — .-^= From the president. Plan on attending the 21st Annual Meeting "From Mountain Boulders to Sandy Shores"

i

I hope you will attend the 21st Annual Meeting of VNPS on September 12, 13 and 14. The members of the Prince William Wildflower Society are hosting the meeting for 2003. When you accept their invitation, you will enjoy the surprisingly diverse wildflowers and natural areas in Prince William County. Natural areas in Prince William, you ask? You bet! Mountain, Piedmont, and Coastal tidal natural areas are all here. Here you will find everything from mountain boulders to sandy shores with wide-ranging diversity of flora. Martha Slover is lining up those mountain to shore field trips. Check out the article in this issue by Charles Smith, President of PWWS, that tells you more. Watch for a separate registration mailing soon. Please respond as early as possible because the meeting space is limited to 100 attendees. The business meeting and banquet will be in the Manassas Center for the Arts, the renovated Candy Factory located by our historic railroad and Manassas Depot. There is plenty of parking. The Saturday evening meal will be catered by Boyd & Parker of Oakton. The silent auction, organized this year by Joann Krumviede and Carol Nelson, is always fun. Friday evening's speaker, Michael Kieffer, director of the Bull Run Mountains Conservancy, will provide insight into one of the field trip venues. Our special banquet speaker for the event is Douglas Ogle, a southwest Virginia botanist. Now that 90-degree days are here, it might be difficult to think of September. We have just begun to enjoy summer. But focus, and think of September. Please do plan to join us for the fun of seeing VNPS friends after a year, for the opportunity to visit unexpected rare plants; and, yes, to squeeze in the business of electing our new president and directors. See you in Manassas! Your President, Nicky Staunton Welcome to our newest member: the Northern Neck Chapter We are happy to welcome the center of Virginia native plant activity to obtain recognition and protection for Northern Neck Chaptej as our twelfth in Lancaster County. At a meeting Hickory Hollow, the home of a rare cyp- Virginia Native Plant Society chapter. hosted by the John Clayton Chapter in ripedium orchid, C. kentuckiense. This Ami Messick presented the petition for Kilmarnock on September 17,2002, Ann sturdy inhabitant of wet areas is yel¬ status as a chapter of VNPS on June 14 Messick and Ellis Squires agreed to low as is C. calceolus, but nearly as tall at the Board of Directors meeting in serve as coordinators for the new chap¬ as C. regime, the queen lady-slipper. C. Norfolk and it was approved. ter. When efforts by Ellis needed to turn kentuckiense is now part of the chapter The idea for a new regional chap¬ toward his presidency of the Northern logo, along with a more commonly ter arose from the Stakeholders Meet¬ Neck Audubon Society, Ann became the found orchid of the upland acidic ing in 2000 when a state-wide predomi¬ person to bring together potential mem¬ woods, C. acaule, the pink lady-slipper. nant factor holding back member par¬ bers for a new chapter. The Sterlings, Sid The new chapter's petition identi¬ ticipation was identified as distance to and Sylvia, joined in giving them sup¬ fied 66 charter members and has been events. The John Clayton Chapter had port from their "mother" chapter. Some formed within less than a year of that responsibility for the area from New¬ members of the John Clayton Chapter first meeting. It took an impressive port News to the Northern Neck. moved their membership to form a amount of vision, effort and determi¬ Michael Sawyer, then president of nucleus for the new chapter. nation by the organizers, led by Ann. the chapter, initiated the idea of a new Ann and Ellis had worked together (See Welcome, page 8) Page 2 August 2003 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Exp eriencing nature's miracles at the Bruce begins at Niagara Falls, the first Petrel Point yields sightings of glaucous glimpse of the Niagara escarpment that wild honeysuckle, dark-scale cotton on the Bruce Peninsula is the heart of the grass, alder-leaved buckthorn and four UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. The ridge forms of equisetum. A disappointment moves on up Ontario, lifting the eastern is that the showy lady-slipper was not edge of the peninsula and providing dra¬ near bloom time. matic vistas and caves along the brilliant Dorcas Bay on Lake Huron is the blue water of the Georgian Bay. In con¬ destination for the next morning's trast, the land slopes down to the west, travel. There, we find the ram's head resulting in sandy beaches with memo¬ lady-slipper in peak bloom. Several of rable sunsets along Lake Huron. the diminutive plants even obligingly Like a visual fanfare, a brilliant bloom at the edge of the path. Across patch of Indian paintbrush competes the alvar are the brilliant splotches of

Calypso bulbosa with an adjacent stop sign for the the butterworts' rich blue, the wild col¬ calypso orchid driver's attention when nearing Wild¬ umbines' red/yellow, and the pitcher Illustration by wood Lodge, the group's home base. plants' deep red. These are the survi¬ Nicky Staunton Around the cabins are gay wings, for¬ vors in the reality show of the alvar's get-me-nots and yellow lady-slippers. inhospitable environment. Bruce Blooms of the striped coralroot stand County officials assert that Dorcas Bay elegantly within a canopy of ever¬ is the site of half of the world's dwarf greens. Shafts of sunshine make them lake iris, and we see some lovely ex¬ appear as miniature stained-glass win¬ amples. On the return trip, the group dows in a darkened cathedral. All of stops at Crane River Park and at Dyer's these flowers will be found in abun¬ Bay Cross Roads to see more ferns, in¬ What do the famous naturalist dance in many locations during our cluding the rare Robert's oak fern. John Muir and 11 travelers on the Vir¬ stay; however, nearby is a rarer find After earlier postponements due to ginia Native Plant Society's annual than the calypso. weather and with only one day to Bruce Peninsula trip have in common? The group begins the week with a spare, the Flower Pot Island trip is on They sought the elusive calypso orchid walk through Kemble Forest, which is for Thursday. The wait is rewarded in the Bruce Peninsula area of Canada. made up mainly of maple trees. The at¬ with glorious weather. At a fern wall on According to a Muir biographer, Muir tention this day focuses on the ferns. the island, we see our first green spleen- said that finding the calypso was one We count 12 varieties, including the wort, and the nearby grotto is adorned of the two supreme moments of his life. rare hart's tongue and the northern with bird's-eye primrose. There are 105 From June 8 to 14, a VNPS group sought holly fern. A surprise during the walk items on the VNPS list for Flower Pot Is¬ the calypso and other rare plants. is a beautiful vista of the Georgian Bay, land, to which we make three additions. Our group had three people pro¬ which emerges as we reach a cliff at The island is dense with stunning sights viding seamless leadership. Nicky the edge of the forest. The afternoon including a lighthouse and the noted Staunton organized the trip and coor¬ stop is Bruce Caves. Our visit overlaps flowerpots or stacks. But, will we find dinated daily activities. Dr. Stanwyn with a local school's field trip that de¬ the calypso orchid, one of the highpoints Shetler, Botanist Emeritus of the parts while we enjoy lunch. The future of of Muir's life? Yes! The calypso or fairy Smithsonian, identified plants (at this pristine environment may be assured orchid is a miniature masterpiece, and times simultaneously identifying birds if a new generation is learning to value we find it in prime condition. while keeping his eyes on the flower at it. The Bruce Caves also feature a wide Our group experienced the Bruce hand), explained the relationship of variety of ferns and introduce us to the Peninsula. We walked in the steps of the plants to their environment, and Steller's rock brake and walking fern. John Muir and saw his beloved calypso answered innumerable questions. Day two sees the group on the west orchid. You may wonder what was the Elaine Shetler documented the group's side of the peninsula. From a board¬ other high point Muir valued in his life. finds, supplied plant lists at each lo¬ walk accessing Oliphant Fen, we have It was meeting Ralph Waldo Emerson. cation, and made daily car-pooling as¬ our first encounters with the sundews, Emerson in his essay, "Nature," wrote: signments. Also attending were Edna butterworts and pitcher plants. The "The invariable mark of wisdom is to Alexander and her sister, Carol Brown, group lunches beside the cascading see the miraculous in the common." We Lisa Billow, Irene Caperton, Judith Sauble River and returns to more ex¬ have, in a sense, met Emerson, too, for Falk, Jim Hastings, Mary Korte, ploration at Walker's Woods, site of the we have traveled to the Bruce Peninsula Rosemarie Palmer and Mary Vogel. fascinating goldthread, common and and found the miraculous in the com¬ For a traveler from Virginia, the three-leaf Solomon's seal, and magnifi¬ mon, or, maybe in our case, we found the Bruce Peninsula experience actually cent marsh marigolds. The boardwalk at miraculous in the uncommon. Irene Caperton, Pocahontas Chapter August 2003 - - . = Page 3 =^====^= Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society = Seeds for the future held at Millennium Seed Bank It was precisely a year ago now that the event of the detection, the chamber I found myself in the West Sussex coun¬ automatically seals, preventing con¬ tryside, south of London, visiting the tamination of the seed; a poignant re¬ facilities of Kew Garden's Millennium minder of the nature of the 21st cen¬ Seed Bank. It all began with a casual tury world in which we live. The walls word mentioned by a friend at the Natu¬ of the chamber have been designed to ral History Museum's Herbarium. Steve last 500 years. Within this chamber are Cafferty works at the Herbarium on the the actual cold storage units housing Linnean Typification Project, and we the seeds at temperature -20 degrees had been looking at the Clayton Her¬ Celsius and with a final relative hu¬ barium specimens sent to Europe over midity of less than 10 percent. Under 250 years ago, now part of the collec¬ these conditions seed are thought to be tion of the Natural History Museum in able to remain viable for not just de¬ London. As we sat drinking tea in the cades but hundreds of years. staff lounge, mostly talking about Vir¬ their work and suddenly you get the Apart from the seed processing and ginia, John Clayton and the early trade sense that it could be you who is on storage units, the building also con¬ in botanic specimens from the New display. Like Alice gazing into the look¬ tains living quarters for researchers World, Steve suddenly mentioned that I ing glass for the first time you are con¬ and students who come from all cor¬ really should visit the Millennium Seed fronted with two worlds and wonder to ners of the globe for training in seed Bank. Two or three phones calls later, ar¬ which one you belong. But through ad¬ collection and conservation. Bedrooms rangements were made and later that vance arrangements made in London, I for these international guests open week I was heading south on the M23 was able to enter this other world where onto a corridor surrounding a sunken with the Quaker friend with whom I had I met Clare Tenner, International courtyard planted with native British been staying, toward Kew Garden's Programme Officer, for a private tour and species. The project offers training in Wakehurst Place, site of the seed a rare look beyond the glass. all aspects of seed collection and con¬ project. With security passes in hand, one servation, including theory and prac¬ Wakehurst Place, formerly a coun¬ enters through a series of doors. A tice. Such training is an essential com¬ try estate dating from the 13th century, long corridor reveals laboratories ponent of its many partnerships with with a large 16th century manor house branching off to the side where seed various governmental and non-govern¬ surrounded by acres of landscaped gar¬ samples, collected from all over the mental organizations world-wide. dens and pastureland, provides the set¬ planet, are starting to be cooled and Reflecting back on those 250 year- ting. One approaches the Millennium dried. Staff here are assessing, clean¬ old herbarium specimens in the Natu¬ Seed Bank site from atop a slope as the ing and x-raying the seed all within ral History Museum, only half the age facility is built into the rural hillside. sight of visitors just beyond. As im¬ these walls in the Millennium Seed Before you, unobstructive to the bucolic portant as this first phase is in the seed Bank are designed to endure, I thought vista beyond, is a long horizontal build¬ conservation process, the real story lies "How might the world change? How ing comprised of a series of low arches. underground, where the seeds are ac¬ might the world be 250 years on?" Glass, steel and concrete form a non¬ tually held for storage. We can't predict the future but we assuming structure designed for effi¬ Descending a large spiral steel can look to trends of the recent past and, ciency and nestled into the landscape. staircase, the reflection of which in the seeing the environmental degradation The first impression of this understated surrounding glass walls seems to form and loss of bio-diversity, get a sense of structure belies the extraordinary facil¬ a double-helix, an interesting coinci¬ the direction of things to come. Who ity housed within. dence in this story of genetic preser¬ knows what benefits or secrets of medi¬ Entering the visitors' hall you im¬ vation, you enter the underground cine yet to be discovered these plants mediately become aware that this is not level. Here, after passing through ad¬ may possess should the plants them¬ just the usual tourist stop. Yes, there are ditional security, one is able to access selves still exist? Will populations in informative display panels running the storage chambers and final pro¬ the wild be wiped out by development vertically down the length of the hall cessing rooms of the seed bank. or unforeseen events? And what may explaining the importance of plants to Having been cleaned, counted be the impact of genetic engineering? humanity with an emphasis on threats and quality assessed above, seeds ar¬ Could genetically altered plant ma¬ to global bio-diversity. But this is a rive in this area of reduced humidity terial escape cultivation and perhaps working building first and a visitors and temperature, gradually begin¬ cross back into wild plant popula¬ center second. A full turn reveals that ning the storage process. Relative hu¬ tions? No one knows, which is pre¬ you are standing in a large glass enclo¬ midity at this point is around 15 per¬ cisely why measures are being taken sure. Through thick glass walls you see cent. Sensors here constantly monitor now to preserve species worldwide. scientists and staff busy going about the air for external radiation and in (See The Future, page 5)

Page 4 August 2003 Virginia Native Plant Society Conserving Wild Flowers and Wild Places

Blandy Experimental Farm 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2 Boyce, VA 22620 540-837-1600 www.vnps.org

Education - Research - Advocacy Protection - Rescue - Propagation J Virginia Native Plant Society's Position on Conservation The Virginia Native Plant Society is dedicated to the protection and preservation of the native plants of Virginia and their habitats, in order to sustain for generations to come the integrity of the Commonwealth's rich natural heritage of ecosystems and biodiversity for purposes of enjoy¬ ment, enlightenment, sustainable use, and our own very survival. To this end, we advocate and follow practices that will conserve our natural endowment, and we discourage and combat practices that will endanger or destroy it. We are committed to do all we can to slow the accelerating conversion of natu¬ ral landscape to built and planted landscape and to reduce its damage to natural ecosystems.

Conservation Philosophy and Principles Conservation of the native flora is the unifying, highest goal of all activities and actions of the Vir¬ ginia Native Plant Society. Plants provide the foundations of the world's ecosystems and ultimately sustain us and virtually all other life on earth. They give us oxygen to breathe, food, clothing, medicine, and shelter; they moderate temperatures, conserve water and soil. They also give us beauty, majesty, and mystery that nurture the human spirit. Virginia's natural landscape - from wild coastlines W cr¬ ested mountains and fertile valleys, from shale barrens and rugged heights to great rivers and swamps - has through the millennia evolved and nurtured plant communities unrivaled in America in richness and diversity. We believe that preserving the Commonwealth's native plants is of the highest impor¬ tance, and that ultimately this can be done only by saving their native habitats.

Because ours is a rapidly-changing landscape, this is an urgent task. Population expansion and changes in the way we live have produced never-ending development and road-building. The rampant destruction and fragmentation of habitat that results is the most serious threat to our native plants. Foremost among the others, many of them also directly related to human activities, is the spread of invasive alien plants. Already, scientists estimate that 10 percent of the native plants in the United States are at risk of extinction. To avert such significant loss, we believe it is essential to adopt, vvithout delay, approaches to land use that serve the needs both of human communities and of the wild commu¬ nities that are vital to their well-being.

We believe that conservation is everyone's responsibility. Our daily actions can have positive or negative consequences for nature and the environment, and we work for greater understanding by all Virginians of their native plant heritage and their responsibility to conserve it. Intelligent action by caring, informed citizens can stem much needless loss. Landowners, in particular, even in suburban subdivisions, play a role in conservation and recovery, and the larger the holdings the larger the role. Landscape professionals, a wide range of businesses, local, state, and federal gov¬ ernments all make important contributions. Voluntary organizations, which bring together people with varied perspectives, are especially important in calling attention to issues and in educating the public and key decision-makers. (Please continue on page 2) . Virginia Native Plant Society ■ -

While in a broad sense the Virginia Native Plant Society's concern for conservation extends to the animal world and the physical environment, our focus is the native flora in its entirety - the incon¬ spicuous as well as the conspicuous, trees and shrubs, sedges and grasses as well as showy wildflowers. We do not divide the plant world into weeds and wildflowers; each species has its own special history and its own role in the ecosystem. While our attention is mainly on vascular plants (horsetails, clubmosses, ferns, conifers, flowering plants), we also encourage the study and conservation of other plants and plantlike organisms (algae, mosses and liverworts, fungi, lichens) and the education of the public to their place in the ecosystem.

Native plants are species or other distinct genetic forms that have either evolved in the wild settings where they now occur naturally or arrived there from where they originated, whether near or far, by natural forces of dispersal operating over time without the help of humans. They are integral parts of these ecosystems, and part of our history and heritage as well. Alien or exotic plants, those that humans have introduced from other places, deliberately or inadvertently, may thrive, but they are not adapted to play the ecological roles of natives. For practical purposes, in North America a species is deemed native wherever it occurred when the first Europeans arrived and wherever it has migrated naturally since then, although it must be presumed that the very earliest peopling of the continent brought with it some Old World plants. On a finer scale, a hard-and-fast distinction is difficult to make. For example, when a species native to one part of the continent is introduced to a part it did not historically occupy, or when a species is reintroduced to a place where it once occurred but has since been extirpated, that species is native on one level, introduced on another.

Without question, alien species make an enormous, essential contribution to human welfare, in the fruits of our agriculture and the beauty of our gardens. Many become naturalized, persisting and spreading without assistance. In Virginia, as in North America generally, naturalized species have long been a significant part of the wild flora, a third or more in many places. Some are beloved as wildflowers or have a fascinating cultural history, and many have proven to be rela- tively benign in the ecosystem.

A few naturalized introductions have become aggressive pests, however, crowding out native spe¬ cies and causing costly damage or destruction to native ecosystems, agriculture and forestry, and the built environment. This is a serious, ever-growing problem, and we believe that, where feasible and advisable, appropriate measures should be taken to control or eradicate such invasive alien species, and to prevent the introduction of new invasives. Nevertheless, we encourage the citizens of Virginia to respect their flora as a whole, without a priori discrimination against all naturalized species.

The Virginia Native Plant Society welcomes gardeners and persons with allied interests and encour¬ ages them to garden so far as possible with plants native to Virginia, a diverse palette that offers many novel and beautiful elements for the garden or public landscape. These plants are adapted to the local conditions in Virginia's ecosystems and thus less likely to need high maintenance, and they pose less risk of invasive escape than alien species.

Conservation Policies The foremost task of the Virginia Native Plant Society is to do everything we can to save the present diversity of Virginia's plant communities and natural habitats and secure its continuation. To this end, it is the policy of the VNPS: • To foster in Virginians of all ages love and respect for the natural world and appreciation of the diversity and interdependence of the Commonwealth's plants and wildlife, with primary focus on plant life in all its natural settings. • To treat all wild places with respect and care, avoiding disruption of native plant communities through needless trampling or other damage or destruction of fragile habitats, niches, or species, and taking into account the concerns of landowners and of other visitors. A few careless actions can ruin much for many.

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• To encourage and support scientific research on Virginia's flora as a whole, in order to increase knowledge and understanding of the plants, their communities, and their ecological require¬ ments and interactions. > • To promote a land ethic that encourages landowners to preserve as much habitat as possible on their land, especially natural areas and protective corridors and waysides that provide for the migra¬ tion and dispersal of plants and animals. • To offer activities and programs that educate the public about the importance of preserving Virginia's native habitats and flora and instill the values espoused by the VNPS. • To urge and support voluntary action, legislation, and regulation aimed at the preservation of rare, threatened, and endangered species or habitats, the curbing of invasive species, and the protection and natural recovery of landscape diversity, through the agency of governments, corporations, organi¬ zations, and private citizens. • To make officials and the public aware of specific strongholds of rare and interesting native plants through programs such as the VNPS Registry that recognizes outstanding plant sites, and to foster and aid efforts to preserve such strongholds by the use of all appropriate means. • To cooperate whenever possible with appropriate officials and agencies at all levels of gov¬ ernment, and with local, regional, and national organizations that share our concerns to fashion a unified conservation effort. • To encourage developers to find creative ways to save natural habitats and native species whenever possible. • To use rescue or salvage operations only as a last resort, taking care that salvage does not become a convenient way out for developers, and that rescued species are not transplanted to other native habitats, thus falsifying the local history of natural dispersal, or to sites where their survival is doubtful. • To combat the spread of alien invasive plants through advocating stricter regulation by public agencies; informing and educating government officials, plant-related industries, and the general pub- ^ lie about prevention and control of invasives; and sponsoring and participating in direct eradication and control campaigns. • To foster habitat restoration, where feasible by natural recovery, allowing the land to revert and reseed itself from local seed sources resident in the soil or disseminated by local dispersal agents such as wind and birds. Where active planting is deemed necessary to success, local genotypes should be used. In either case, the recovering landscape should be monitored and appropriately managed to ensure that native species, not invasive alien species, become established. • To encourage gardeners, landscapers, and the nurseries that supply them to use native species and local genotypes insofar as possible, obtaining them only from stock that is certified to have been propagated and grown in a nursery, not dug in the wild, and when they do use alien species to exclude any that are known to be invasive. • To discourage and minimize the use of herbicides and other pesticides on lawns, gardens, and other planted landscapes and in the environment generally, while recognizing that when used carefully and selectively, following the principles of integrated pest management (IPM), they can be a valuable management tool, and that alternatives may not always be feasible or adequate. • To urge that wildflower-picking be limited to very common species, and that collecting na¬ tive or non-invasive naturalized plants in the wild be limited to authorized rescues from land about to be developed, or bona fide educational or scientific uses for which alternatives such as taking photographs or collecting cuttings will not serve. Any collecting, whether of whole plants or parts such as seeds, should be conducted with adequate safeguards to assure the continued viability of the wild population, and should recognize that the cumulative actions of many people can be particularly harmful.

Adopted by the Virginia Native Plant Society Board of Directors June 7, 2003

Page 3 Virginia Native Plant Society r-- he Virginia Native Plant Soci¬ that fit its resources and will make sponses are welcome. Let us know if ety Position on Conservation the greatest difference locally in pro¬ there are other subjects for which you adopted by our Directors at tecting Virginia's native plants in would like more detailed guidelines. the June 14, 2003, meeting is now their natural communities. For instance, a group led by Jessie our official framework to guide This position paper is intended Strother, former VNPS Conservation chapters, members, and VNPS ac¬ for use within VNPS, and by people Chair, is drafting a paper on plant tions regarding conservation. I en¬ reached through the wider distribu¬ rescues. courage you and chapter boards to tion of posting it on the VNPS website A sincere thank you goes to the read, discuss, and use it. as soon as possible. You are welcome members of the Committee for the VNPS goals are set high inten¬ to quote from the paper or share it VNPS Position on Conservation: Dr. tionally in this conservation posi¬ with any individuals you think Stanwyn Shetler, Jocelyn Sladen, tion, outlining all we would like to would find it helpful. Charles Smith, Mary Ann Lawler, do if we were able. These aspira¬ Building on this paper, Shirley and chair Mary Pockman. The tions to protect our native plants Gay, as Education Chair, is coordi¬ board members' review, sugges¬ and their communities are what nating development of a more concise tions, and final approval are appre¬ drive our programs and actions. Be brochure (or brochures) on plant con¬ ciated, also. certain to note the phrases, "if pos¬ servation that can be put in literature Use these guidelines often in sible" and "where feasible," that rec¬ racks or handed out to the public at your work to protect Virginia's na¬ ognize the practical constraints we chapter and other events. tive plants and their communities. face in a less-than-ideal world. We As with any position paper/this Nicky Staunton expect that each chapter will em¬ one is subject to future board review. VNPS President 2003 phasize those aspects of the policy Your thoughts, questions or other re¬ _

The Virginia Native Plant Society (VNPS) was founded in 1982 as The Virginia Wildflower Preservation Society. It is a statewide organiza¬ tion with approximately 1,800 members supported primarily by dues and contributions. Membership is open to anyone, amateur or professional. Its purpose is to further appreciation and conservation of Virginia's native plants and habitats. Incorporated in Virginia as a not-for- profit, publicly supported organization, it is tax-exempt under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. The Society's work and activities are carried out by volunteers. The Society's programs emphasize public education, protection of endangered species, habitat preservation, and encouragement of appropriate landscape use of native plants.

Page 4 -- Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society .— ■= VNPS has an opportunity to plant Seeds of Success

Seeds of Success is a conservation search programs and set up or improve studies and seed sampling studies. All and native plant materials develop¬ their seed bank facilities. Procedures projects include capacity building el¬ ment program, jointly sponsored by the and techniques for collecting and bank¬ ements such as in-country collecting U.S. Bureau of Land Management ing seeds, seed germination and plant courses and workshops, and the (BLM), the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew propagation are shared between RBG training of specialists at RBG Kew (RBG Kew), and the Plant Conserva¬ Kew and partners. Further information in the U.K. tion Alliance. A number of partner in¬ is available from the MSBP website Each Seeds of Success partner stitutes are working with Seeds of Suc¬ (www.rbgkew.org.uk/msbp). decides on its own what are the prior¬ cess toward an overall goal to make Seeds of Success comprises a ity species for collection and conser¬ seed collections from over 4,000 native number of sub-programs, co-ordinated vation. The resulting target species species by 2010. We are now actively by RBG Kew and BLM. To date, the larg¬ lists are co-ordinated by the Seeds of seeking partners in Virginia to join the est component has been collecting on Success national co-ordinator at BLM program, and are very keen to facili¬ BLM lands in the west by BLM staff and to minimize duplication of effort tate the involvement of the VNPS. Student Conservation Association across the different sub-programs. Tar¬ Seeds of Success is the U.S. arm of teams. BLM's first priority is to collect get species lists can be viewed by the Millennium Seed Bank Project species needed for restoration, but other ecoregion on the Seeds of Success (MSBP), an international plant conser¬ conservation targets have been identi¬ website (www.nps.gov/plants/sos/). vation project, catalyzed by RBG Kew, fied including native species that are The seed collections, and accompany¬ in England. The MSBP aims to collect important to rare pollinators, native spe¬ ing herbarium vouchers and data, are and conserve seeds from 10 percent of cies closely related to non-native inva¬ stored at partner seed banks and her¬ the world's seed bearing flora (about sive species, and 'flagship' species such baria, the USDA's National Seed Stor¬ 24,000 species), principally from the as state trees and flowers. The Califor¬ age Laboratory, and also at RBG Kew. drylands, by 2010. This is being nia Native Plant Society is also involved They are available for scientific re¬ achieved though the development of in collecting in the west, and talks have search, including conservation, resto¬ capacity building partnerships in coun¬ begun with the San Diego Zoo and ration and management efforts. In ad¬ tries throughout the world. To date, Botanic Gardens with regard to collect¬ dition, the base collections insure the partnership projects have been set up ing endemic species of San Diego future of the banked species against in 16 different countries, including County. In Texas, the Lady Bird Johnson the many threats they face in situ. Kenya, South Africa, Australia, Mada¬ Wildflower Center is working to collect Seeds of Success is seeking to es¬ gascar and Jordan. The MSBP works and conserve the plants of the Edwards tablish partnerships with organiza¬ with partners to facilitate the collect¬ Plateau, also prioritizing species of tions in the east to complement the ac¬ ing and conservation of seeds in their value for restoration. Meanwhile, the tivities in other parts of the United country of origin. Duplicate collections Chicago Botanic Garden is collecting States. VNPS is an obvious choice are held for safety at the MSB in the from the entire tallgrass prairie flora. given the unrivalled expertise and U.K. Scientific, technical and financial This partnership includes a consider¬ dedication of its members for the flora support is provided to help partners able research element including resto¬ of the area. A sub-program in Virginia develop collecting, banking and re- ration genetic studies, seed longevity could also include other organizations, particularly those with relevant exper¬ •The Future - tise such as herbarium techniques or conservation assessments. (Continued from page 4) tainty of our time, plants will now be MSBP representatives plan to visit As these topics are being debated, sent over for safekeeping, for survival Virginia in early October to talk to inter¬ quietly seeds are being collected and — survival of Virginia species from ested organizations and individuals on stored in the English countryside, a whatever may happen in Virginia. potential means to take such a collabo¬ genetic snapshot, frozen in time, of Ninety-five percent of British flower¬ ration forward. If you are interested in the world as we have inherited it in ing species have been collected, and any way, please let us or Michael Saw¬ the early years of the new millen¬ the goal of the Millennium Seed Bank yer know. Write to me, Clare Tenner, nium. And hopefully, once again, like is to shelter 10 percent of worldwide MSBP International Programme Officer, those 250-year-old Clayton Her¬ flowering species by 2010. or Michael Way, MSBP International Co¬ barium specimens, plants and seed Persons interested in participat¬ ordinator (Americas), The Millennium will be making the transatlantic voy¬ ing or knowing more about this project Seed Bank Project, RBG Kew, Wakehurst age to Europe. In the 18th century it can contact me by e-mail: Place, Ardingly, Haywards Heath, W. ) was about scientific discovery, explo¬ [email protected] or by mail at: M.A. Sussex, RH17 6TN, UK or e-mail ration, even novelty that those early Sawyer, Nassaukade 68-2, 1052 CR [email protected] or call 00 44 botanic specimens were sent over. In Amsterdam, The Netherlands. (0)1444 894121. the 21st century, reflecting the uncer- Michael Sawyer, VNPS 1st Vice-President

August 2003 Page 5 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Elder: Common shrub has uncommon number of uses I learned about elder (Sambucus My most recent experiment hap¬ taste good, but it's also good for you. At canadensis) in college, in a poisonous and pened by chance last June. I had gone the Appalachian Herb Gathering in Ohio edible plants class that I was taking at paddling with my friend and co-author, last summer, botanist and herbalist Chris¬ the University of Louisville. I learned first Lillie Gilbert, on a small creek in north¬ topher Hobbs referred to elder flowers as that "all parts are considered poisonous eastern North Carolina along with a few blood movers. If you were holding heat except the flowers and ripe berries." (Al¬ other people. It was a scouting trip for in one part of your body, as with eczema kaloids — cyanogenic glycosides) The our next river guide. For me, I discovered or other skin conditions, elder flowers flowers were said to be used "in past¬ some new foraging grounds. The banks would help clear the blood of heat and ries, eggs, pancakes, etc.; the fruit made on the north side were covered with el¬ toxins. In the Native American Ethno- into wine or jelly." I recognized the plant der, blackberries and wild roses. Elder botany Database, Dan Moerman also as one I had seen growing up on the farm was past its peak, but I was able to find listed elder flower as a blood purifier. In but never knew the berries were edible. a few late-bloomers and clipped off sev¬ The Cayce Herbal, elder is recommended Elder is a native shrub with repre¬ eral heads. To keep them fresh, I put as a "stimulant to the urinary and repro¬ sentatives throughout the United States. them in a large zip-lock bag and added ductive systems and as an aid to diges¬ The most common one in the eastern U.S. a little water. I also found some wild tion." According to Virgil Vogel, in Ameri¬ is common elder (S. canadensis). There is also roses blooming and did the same with can Indian Medicine, elder flowers and another elder, the red-berried elder (S. fruits were used "as a household rem¬ pubens), that is considered poisonous. I have edy for diuretic and diaphoretic pur¬ only seen that shrub once in Virginia and poses." The Iroquois used the flowers that was on higher elevation. There are also in hot water for tea. red-berried elders and black-berried elders The flowers can also be dried. Na¬ on the west coast (S. melanocarpa, and S. tive Americans would pick the flower caendea) — the red fruits are considered heads and leave in heaps for a few hours poisonous, the black edible. until the petals fell off and would then Finding elder is pretty easy. It starts dry them. Dried flowers can be steeped blooming in May and can be spotted in hot water to make a tea. Following the from the car while driving down the . flowers are the berries, developing first road. Look for its large, white flat- / as little green balls that gradually turn topped clusters of flowers grow- / red, then deepen to a purple and turn ing on shrubs along ditches,^'-— •' Sambucus canadensis, elder almost black before they are finally ripe. stream banks, hedgerows and edges of Illustration by Vickie Shufer The berries can be removed by rubbing swamps — often, in places where you the stems gently between your fingers. don't want to gather -- roadsides, edges them. When I got home I cut off the flower I've used the berries to make elderberry of sprayed fields, and polluted water¬ heads from the elder and removed the wine, elderberry pies and elderberry ways. Leaves are opposite, toothed, and rose petals from the stems and placed cake. Freshly picked elderberries still re¬ divided into 5-11 leaflets. When I spot¬ them in a clear glass bowl. I filled this tain some of the strong flavor that some ted elder growing at my doorstep, I let it with water arid set it out in the sun for people find disagreeable. Drying them grow, as though it had been planted several hours to make elder/rose flower on trays in the sun improves the flavor. there. It was about four years old before water that tasted delicious. To preserve Elder is easily started from seed. Scat¬ it fully bloomed; the year before it had the flower water, I added an equal ter the ripe berries in disturbed soil in the only a few clusters of flowers. amount of grain alcohol, put the mixture fall in a sunny area. The next spring I waited until the flower heads had in a jar with a lid, and let it sit for about young shoots will spring up and start filled out and then used my pruning scis¬ 10 days. Then I strained and bottled it. spreading. sors to snip off some of the tiny flowers, Not only does elder flower water Vickie Shufer, South Hampton Roads Chapter minus the stems, into my bowl. I wanted to let most of the flowers remain on the Tri-state plant and geology conference slated for October plant to become berries. Soon after this I Reserve October 4-5 for the conference, located a patch of elder plants in an area gist, Virginia Department of Conservation sponsored by VNPS, the Maryland and and Recreation (DCR), speaking on the Blue that was protected from most pollutants. West Virginia native plant societies and the Ridge natural communities. Trip leaders in¬ A friend and I collected enough flowers U.S. National Park Service. Conference fo¬ clude Carole Bergmann, Cris Fleming, Joe to experiment making elder blossom cus is native plants and geology of the Blue Metzger, John Parrish, Bob Pickett, Rod champagne. A recipe from The Wild Foods Ridge Mountains and Potomac Valley. The Simmons and Larry Stritch. Registration ($45 Forum bimonthly newsletter (Vol. Ill, No. event will be at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife member/$55 non-member) includes 3 4) sounded easy, and we had enough Service National Conservation Training meals. Rooms are $84 per night based on a flowers to triple the recipe. The cham¬ Center in Shepherdstown, W.Va., on the one person occupancy. To register, send pagne had a great flavor, but a very low Potomac just east of 1-81. Confirmed speak¬ check (Maryland Native Plant Society) to: alcohol content. I continued experiment¬ ers include Avery Drake, USGS Scientist Meghan Tice, P.O. Box 25, Bowie, MD 20719. ing with the flowers, using them in teas, Emeritus, talking about Blue Ridge geol¬ For information, contact: Meghan Tice, fritters and omelets. ogy, and Gary Fleming, Community Ecolo¬ [email protected] or 301-809-0139. Page 6 ======-. — . " August 2003 ---: Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society •Flora Project (Continued from page 1) we find our planting hole 32 percent hospitable fundraising climate, but the FULL! But, there is even greater news Between 15 and 20 members of the Flora foundation's board is fully committed for VNPS members. Where we could eas¬ ^ Advisory Board have pledged work on to raising the needed funds - the very ily identify VNPS members, we added the writing of descriptions worth reason for the foundation's existence. up cash contributions, and they total $125,000. An illustrator has pledged all We are heartened by the VNPS contri¬ over 70 percent of that $100,000! AND the fern illustrations worth $10,000. And butions, monetary and otherwise, and individual chapters have contributed al¬ a generous VNPS member bought a 1762 are fully immersed in the fundraising most $10,000, bringing the total VNPS edition of Flora Virginica, worth $5,000, process to fulfill our obligation. contribution to 80 percent of the cash for publicity and fundraising purposes. Please follow our progress, and raised! What a wonderful and generous These contributions total $545,000! keep up to date with the project on the effort. That very statistic speaks to the Third, over $100,000, in cash and website: www.dcr.state.va.us/dnh/ dedication of VNPS members and chap¬ stock contributions, has been raised. vaflora.htm. And thank you, everyone! ters to this important and historic project. Adding that to the above $545,000, and Keep up the good work. We have farther to go in a very in¬ Joslin D. Gallatin, Flora of Virginia Project •Shale barrens- (Continued from page 1) (Eriogonum alleni), shale-barren evening Cowpasture River. All of the endemics smooth coneflower (Echinacea laevigata). primrose (Oenothera argillicola), moun¬ except the onion are found in this area If that were the extent of their spe¬ tain parsley (Pseudotaenidia montana), and there is a high density of the other cial plant life, Appalachian shale bar¬ shale-barren ragwort (Senecio rare plants found on shale barrens. rens would not reach their current level antennarifolius) and Kates Mountain clo¬ Citizens of the Cowpasture and its of notoriety among biologists. What ver (Trifolium virginicum). tributaries - you are in the heart of the makes the barrens flora so very interest¬ While a number of these species are shale barrens! ing is its endemics. An endemic is a spe¬ found throughout the shale barren re¬ While excellent shale barren ex¬ cies that is specialized and limited to a gion of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Vir¬ amples abound along the Cowpasture certain region or habitat type. Shale bar¬ ginia and West Virginia. Others are lim¬ River, few are on public lands. However, rens have no fewer than 10 plant spe¬ ited to just Virginia and West Virginia, along State Route 629 (between McClung cies known to be nearly or entirely en¬ and two are extremely limited - the on¬ and Green Valley), there is a well devel¬ demic to the barren habitat including ion to a small area of western Virginia oped shale barren on the east side of the shale-barren onion (Allium oxyphilum), and West Virginia shale barrens, and the Cowpasture River north of the road on i shale-barren pussytoes (Antennaria Millboro leatherflower to a small region U.S. Forest Service land. Take a hike and virginica), shale-barren rock cress centered around Millboro, Virginia. A enjoy - you are in the midst of the most (Arabis serotina), white-haired composite range map of the special shale fascinating vegetation in the region. Just leatherflower (Clematis albicoma), barren flora shows its center to be remember to watch your step! Millboro leatherflower (Clematis squarely focused on Bath and Alleghany Chris Ludwig, Virginia DCR botanist viticaulis), shale-barren buckwheat counties and the drainage of the

See the address label for your membership expiration date The Bulletin VNPS Membership/Renewal Form ISSN 1085-9632 Name(s)_ is published five times a year Address_ (Feb., April, June, August, Nov.) by City_State_Zip_ Virginia Native Plant Society _Individual $30 _Student $15 Blandy Experimental Farm _Family $40 _Associate (groups) $40* 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2 _Patron $50 _Sustaining $100 Boyce, VA 22620 _Life $500 (540)837-1600 *Please designate one person as delegate for Associate membership [email protected] To give a gift membership or join additional chapters: Enclose dues, name, address, and www.vnps.org chapter (non-voting memberships in any other than your primary chapter are $5) Nicky Staunton, President 1 wish to make an additional contribution to_VNPS or___Chapter in the Nancy Sorrells, Editor amount of_$10_$25_$50_$100_$(Other)__ Original material contained in the Bulletin may be _Check if you do not wish your name to be listed to be exchanged with similar reprinted, provided credit is given to VNPS and the organizations in a chapter directory author, if named. Readers are invited to send letters, news items, or original articles for the editor's con¬ Make check payable to VNPS and mail to: sideration. Items should be typed, on disk in Microsoft Word or emailed to: Editor, 3419 Cold Springs Rd., VNPS Membership Chair, Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2, Greenville, VA 24440, or [email protected] Boyce, VA 22620

Membership dues are tax deductible in the amount they exceed $5. Contributions are tax deductible in accordance with IRS regulations The deadline for the next issue is October 1

August 2003 - Page 7 ======Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society

•Annual Meeting Virginia." As touched on in the most •Welcome - (Continued from page 1) recent Winter Workshop on Virginia's (Continued from page 2) Look for your registration packet in biodiversity, southwestern Virginia has The officers for the newest VNPS the mail soon. It contains a detailed a higher biodiversity than almost any chapter are: Ann Messick, president; breakdown of the weekend's events other region in North America. Our Amy Wilson, vice-president; Loreta and the registration form. Please fill out uniquely qualified speaker will con¬ Stover, corresponding secretary; Joan and return your forms as quickly as duct a slide presentation on this biologi¬ Gillions, treasurer; Jackie Ferriter, mem¬ possible to assist preparations. cally rich region based on 30 years of field bership chair; Judy Ripley, nominating Here is a brief breakdown of the work, publications and personal obser¬ chair; Pam Kedl and Pam Collins, co¬ annual meeting schedule of events: vation. Ogle recently retired from Vir¬ chairs, refreshment. On Friday, September 12, there will ginia Highlands Community College Welcome! Members of VNPS be a quarterly board meeting in the af¬ where he was associate professor of bi¬ across the state look forward to discov¬ ternoon and an evening social that will ology. He is a member of the Botanical ering your unique flora by joining you include registration, chapter and state Associates that publishes the Atlas of the in your field trips, as well as sharing displays and a dessert social. Michael Flora of Virginia and is on the advisory your knowledge and fellowship as you Kieffer, Executive Director of the Bull Run board of the Flora of Virginia project. join in the work to conserve Virginia's Mountains Conservancy, will speak on The meeting concludes Sunday, flora on the Northern Neck. the rich flora and fauna and the recent with field trips from 9 a.m. until noon. intensive botanic survey of Bull Run Mountain. Disjunct plant communities What would you like to buy at the Silent Auction? on this eastern-most mountain chain in That is the question you should imagination. Proceeds benefit VNPS. the state play host to nodding trillium ask yourself when choosing some¬ Winners will be announced at the and table mountain pine. thing to donate for the Silent Auction meeting. Sponsors and patrons will Saturday, September 13, is a day to be held on Saturday, September 13. be recognized. full of field trips. The evening's events PWWS is seeking items from each Contact Charles Smith (703-361- include a social, silent auction, cash bar VNPS Chapter and from individual 5125, [email protected]) or and appetizers followed by the annual members. Items could include plants, Martha Slover (571-238-5713, business meeting and election of offic¬ decorative garden or yard items, art [email protected]) about item(s) ers. A dinner and a program follow the work featuring Virginia wildlife, pub¬ you would like to donate. Auction annual meeting (casual dress). Keynote lications on Virginia flora or fauna, items may be sent in advance or sneaker, Douglas Ogle, will discuss selections of Virginia made goods brought to the Friday, September 12, ... - and Unusual Plant Species and such as wines or honey - use your social event. Their Communities in Southwestern

LUESTER T. MERTZ LIBRARY

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www.vnps.org Conserving wild flowers and wild places

Camaraderie lauded at 21st Annual Meeting Multi-state conference Friday was a dark and stormy night but the tasty treats, camaraderie and deemed a success interesting presentation by featured speaker Michael Kieffer made venturing out worthwhile at the 21st Annual Meeting hosted by the Prince William Wildflower From October 3 to 5, a native plant Society September 12 through 14. conference was held that centered on Kieffer, the Executive Director of the Bull Run Mountain Conservancy, cov¬ the Potomac River and the nearby ered geology, topography and ecological communities of Bull Run Mountain in portions of the Blue Ridge Moun¬ his talk. Ecological communities are reoccurring patterns in the landscape. His tains. The conference was put on by presentation preceded the walk on Saturday with a preview of what we would the three states that come together in see. Besides pictures of the eco-communities that would make them recognizable this area: Virginia, Maryland and in the field, he included pictures and information about plants that were at the West Virginia. The meeting took place very limits of their normal distribution and some beyond. at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's The Bull Run Mountain field trip was an all-day trip. Of the 11 major plant National Conservation Training Cen¬ communities on Bull Run Mountain, we saw nine, including the Weaverton ter in Shepherdstown, W.Va., a spec¬ quartzite formation complete with table mountain pines. The boulder fields were tacular meeting facility in a woodsy impressive too. The mountain area designated as a Heritage Natural Area Pre¬ setting on the Potomac. A Saturday serve encompasses 2,846 acres. Before walking the mountain, it is advisable get a dinner and social was held at the trail map as it is easy to get lost. landmark Hilltop House in Harpers Pocahontas member Louise Richards reported that fortunately there were Ferry, with a view across the Potomac trips also for the mountain-climbing challenged. She took morning and afternoon to the beautiful mountains. trips to the Manassas National Battlefield Park and explored historical, archeo¬ The Saturday morning program logical and botanical sights. The group was surprised by the large numbers of began with a detailed presentation on fall-blooming wildflowers that were sighted. Among the plants noted (blooming the geology of the Blue Ridge Moun¬ and otherwise) were Bidens polylepis (tickseed sunflower), Eupatorium coelestinum tains by U.S. Geological Survey geolo¬ (mistflower), Dianthus armeria (Deptford pink), Agrimonia parviflora (small flow¬ gist Avery Drake. The area is extremely ered agrimony), and Cypripediwn acaule (pink lady-slipper). complicated geologically, which has The Saturday evening banquet was held at the “Candy Factory" in old down¬ implications for the types of plant com¬ town Manassas. The meal was delicious, the silent auction lucrative and the munities found there. A stunningly il¬ speaker was Douglas Ogle. His slide presentation of “Rare and Unusual Plant lustrated presentation on the plant Species and Their Communities in Southwestern Virginia" was just one beautiful communities of the Blue Ridge given picture after another with Ogle as the guide. by Gary Fleming, Vegetation Ecologist On Sunday morning, some members opted for the Northern Virginia Commu¬ for Virginia's Division of Natural nity College Nature Plant Trail walk led by Marion Lobstein. This is her home Heritage, followed Drake. (Note: campus and as she has been intimately involved with this trail since its inception, no (See Conference, page 8) (See Annual Meeting report, page 7) ( WIN A CHINC0TEA6UE 6ETAWAY, PAGE 6 ) Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society From the presidents, past and present. New president extends hand of educational outreach

Hello, and thanks to all of you who have put directed at our members in our spring workshop your trust in me as the head of this organization. I and annual meeting, and through chapter host feel that I have a big job ahead of me, and large talks and field trips. Our efforts could be expanded shoes to fill. As I go forward, I want to keep in my to include educational materials for schools and mind the VNPS mantra “conserving wild flowers the general public. Plant rescue has been our ma¬ and wild places." Several important steps were jor way of supporting off-site conservation; how¬ made on the conservation front this past year, the ever, we may soon have the opportunity to par¬ most important of which was the Conservation Po¬ ticipate in the Seeds of Success program begun by sition that was adopted. Soon we hope to have this Great Britain's Kew Gardens (see related article four-page document boiled down into a brochure page 7). We may be able to improve our distribu¬ that we can distribute to the general public so that tion of information to our members on legislative our conservation priorities become better known. issues involving natural resource protection. You This past week, Chris Ludwig of the Virginia get the idea — we have some good programs in Department of Conservation and Resources-Natu- place, but there is more we can do. ral Heritage Division, spoke at a Conservation Fo¬ I appreciate your support in these efforts and rum held in Richmond. He emphasized the differ¬ also your honest assessment of the efforts that are ent areas of activity that promote conservation of made, and I am eager to hear your ideas. In the our natural resources including education, re¬ meantime, I hope you will find a way to get out search, legislation, land protection programs, the and enjoy the outdoors in the coming seasons. Our flora project, and off-site conservation of plants. chapter hosted a walk at Sky Meadows State Park This structure seems to me a good way to measure today, and even though most plants are dormant, our accomplishments and examine areas that we were able to learn a lot about tree structure, would benefit from increased activity. As an ex¬ bark and fruits. What fun! ample, VNPS efforts in education are currently Your president, Sally Anderson

Outgoing president reflects on VNPS membership

Not "Farewell," but, rather, "I'll be seeing you." help you be able to say the society has given you As Second Vice President for the next two years, what you expected and hoped to find. my assigned responsibilities will be much simpler. Advocacy for conservation of Virginia's flora Sally Anderson has the VNPS brass gavel now, the is the other thing I wanted. Plants are very quiet tool of the VNPS President, and has taken charge. and stationary. They need people to speak for their The torch is passed, or in this case, the gavel. welfare and community conservation. VNPS is still As I reflect on 21 years as a VNPS member, I growing in this arena. I have enjoyed growing in realize that the society has given me two things both of my areas of interest with your new presi¬ that I was looking for when I joined. One is a way dent, Sally Anderson. I know that she will enable to locate Virginia's wildflowers in wild places VNPS to continue to be effective in bringing native through other members guiding field trips. There plants and people together. People who enjoy na¬ are many other ways to enjoy native plants, but tive plants and habitats care enough to want to as¬ this is my focus. I hope that your expectations have sure their future. Semper fora virginiensis! been met and if not, please let us know so we can Nicky Staunton, Past President & current Second Vice President

Page 2 .. _ ^=;=^^==^=^==== November 2003 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society VNPS group seduced by Newfoundland botany

Newfoundland is a land of many of the Virginia Native Plant Society, in¬ vans and drove north to Rocky large panoramas and small botanical cluding President Nicky Staunton, Harbour, Port au Choix, St. Lunaire, wonders. It is a storied place of beauty who eagerly embarked on the society's and several capes reaching as far north and discovery, with a flora guaranteed first exploration of Newfoundland, as you can go in Newfoundland, in¬ to mesmerize wildflower aficionados going to perhaps the most interesting cluding the 1,000-year-old Viking site, and botanists alike. To a North Ameri¬ part. We, as Fernald did in 1910, vis¬ L'Anse aux Meadows, where two of the can botanist, Newfoundland is a clas¬ ited the botanically rich Great North¬ interesting arctic wildflowers that we sic locale, where famous predecessors ern Peninsula in the northwest, a cal¬ saw were Labrador-tea (Ledum endured many hardships to trek careous region dominated by Gros groenlandicum) and Swedish bunchberry through barrens and bogs and bring Morne National Park, the north-south (Cornus suecica). From these northern gem after gem to the light of science. Long Range Mountains, and extensive points we were able to glimpse Labra¬ Today, in relative comfort you can re¬ coastal limestone barrens. dor, spot a few small icebergs, and watch trace some of the steps of these pioneers The other VNPS members were humpback whales breaching. Going and relive some of their joys and woes. Vice President Sally Anderson, Bill and north we botanized at many points along By logic, the plant life of New¬ Carol Gardner, Cliff and Shirley Gay, the way and on the return south revis¬ foundland should be similar to the Diane Flolsinger, Chip and Dahne ited several and stopped at a few new flora at comparable northern latitudes Morgan, Joan Nowicke, and Jay and ones. Our indefatigable van drivers on the continent and thus not be espe¬ Shelda Shaner. With the help of mod¬ were Karl, Gale, and Joan, with Nicky cially diverse, but a close look tells an¬ ern roads and "stagecoaches" (three taking a turn or two. other story. Although many botanists minivans) and two incredible guides, The weather in general was beau¬ had visited Newfoundland over the husband-and-wife team Karl Ander¬ tiful, and we had comfortable lodgings years from as early as the latter half of son and Gale Cannon from New Jer¬ and good food in Deer Lake and the the 18th century, it took the extensive sey, who seemed to remember every other three towns. For lunches, we field explorations and publications of plant they saw and where they saw it, bought the makings and fixed our own Merritt Lyndon Fernald (1873-1950) we botanized the peninsula from one to eat in the field. A highlight was to and his colleagues and students in the end to the other, first south to north and top off dinner with pie or a dessert top¬ early 20th century to reveal how re¬ then north to south. We searched out ping made from the locally harvested markable this flora is. many "exclusive haunts." Although we wild berries, either "partridge-berries" Fernald was a renowned Flarvard often could drive right to these haunts, or "bake-apples," Vaccinium vitis-idaea University professor who kept the Asa we also did a lot of botanizing on foot, and Rubus chamaemorus, respectively. Gray legacy alive during the first half including a few very long walks. These dwarf shrubs, both common of the 20th century, producing the Our tour began and ended at Deer there, occur widely in arctic and alpine monumental eighth and still the latest Lake. There we rented heaths in North America, edition of the classic Gray's Manual of Greenland, and Eurasia. Botany, published the year he died. It The Vaccinium is often includes all his discoveries in New¬ called lingonberry foundland in the context of the flora of lsewhere. the northeastern United States and ad¬ Of the hun¬ jacent Canada as a whole. After not¬ dreds of trees, ing, in an article published in 1918, that the plants of greatest phytogeo¬ (See Newfound¬ graphic interest have very special¬ land, page 4) ized requirements and thus are local¬ ized, he wrote: "They are not to be seen from the stage-coach, steamboat or railroad-train but must be sought in their exclusive haunts. It is for this reason that many easy¬ going botanists have en¬ tirely missed the truly sig¬ nificant plants of regions they have glimpsed from the steamboat or train." This past July 12-20, my wife, Newfoundland harebells (Campanula rotundifolia) Elaine, and I were among 14 members Illustration by Nicky Staunton

November 2003 Page 3 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society

Garden at Port au Choix, and the long- small bog near our motel in St. Lunaire, •Newfoundland spurred Hooker's orchid (P. hookeri). By are three of the common wetland (Continued from page 3) July 20, on our return visit, the turf on heaths. Lobster Cove Head was ablaze with The beaches along the Gulf of St. shrubs, and wildflowers seen, only a purple fringed orchids (P. psycodes) and Lawrence yielded their own interest¬ few can be mentioned here to illustrate carpeted with palate-teasing ripe wild ing species. Oyster-plant or sea lung¬ this fascinating flora. Most were captured strawberries (Fragaria virginiana). wort (Mertensia maritima), a close rela¬ on film or disk by the avid photographers The ferns were a constant fasci¬ tive of our Virginia bluebell, and Scotch iii our group. Surely, no one left the trip nation. Never before had I seen the lovage (Ligusticum scothicum) both without adding many new species to his moonwort (Botrychium lunaria), an arc¬ range widely on the arctic shores of or her life list. From forest, bog, fen, marsh, tic species, growing in such weed-like North America as far north as and pond edge to the many kinds of bar¬ rens, cliffs, headlands, and shores, the variety of habitats is one of the striking From the tall showy lady's-slipper to the tiny white features of this land. adder's-mouth, heart-leaved twayblade, and lesser Balsam fir and white spruce are dominants of the largely coniferous for¬ rattlesnake-plantain, it was an orchid lover's holiday. ests, with black spruce and American Everywhere we went, some orchid jewel awaited us.. . larch often dominating in the more boggy habitats. The most common deciduous abundance that I had to watch my Greenland. This species of lovage oc¬ trees are the paper birch and balsam pop¬ step, as on the turfy shores of Broom curs also in arctic Europe, and the lung¬ lar, often forming groves. In Lomond For¬ Point. The very common wood-ferns wort, which I last saw on the beaches est in Gros Morne National Park, two of sparked endless debate about whether of Reykjavik, Iceland, is circumpolar. the wildflower treats along the River Trail we were seeing Dryopteris The tall seaside or leafy ragwort (Sene- were the regal showy lady's-slipper campyloptera, D. carthusiana, or D. cio pseudoarnica), seen in bud at (Cypripedium reginae) in peak condition, intermedia. Every new frond or clump Flower's Cove, is a disjunct that has and, a week later, the always impres¬ provided proof for somebody else's its center of distribution on the shores sive round-leaved orchid (Platanthera interpretation! The circumboreal male of Asia and Alaska in the Bering Sea [Habenaria to us old-timers] orbiculata). fern (D.filix-mas), last met up with by region and along the coast down to These are just two of the more than some of us at Kemble Forest on the British Columbia, with a few outposts 20 species of orchids observed in a va¬ Bruce Peninsula, is always a nice find, across the continent. riety of forest, wetland, and barrens and the Newfoundland variety of the The beautiful beachhead iris (Iris habitats. From the tall showy lady's- maidenhair fern seen on the serpen¬ setosa), growing on the turf of Lobster slipper to the tiny white adder's-mouth tine barrens of Table Mountain is the' Cove Head, is another Beringian-New- (Malaxis monophyllos), heart-leaved Aleutian maidenhair (Adiantum foundland disjunct, which Elaine and I twayblade (Listera cordata), and lesser pedatum var. aleuticum), otherwise once collected along the Redstone River rattlesnake-plantain (Goodyera repens) it found mainly in Alaska and western in Alaska. It is similar to the familiar, was an orchid lover's holiday. Every¬ North America. wide-ranging northern blue flag (I. versi¬ where we went, some orchid jewel Of the many noteworthy species color), common in the wetlands of north¬ awaited us, such as the delicate fairy- found in the wetlands, I was particu¬ western Newfoundland, but is shorter slipper (Calypso bulbosa) at Burnt Cape, larly intrigued to see the water lobelia and has only rudimentary, bristle-tipped and the diminutive but bold pink (Lobelia dortmanna), with its submerged petals. At the time it was discovered in dragon's-mouth (Arethusa bulbosa) that leaves and emergent blue flowers, in Newfoundland, it was known only highlighted a fen north of St. Paul's In¬ Berry Hill Pond. Though they lacked from Siberia and is still not known to let, with each stalk topped by a single, the charisma of the more obvious occur anywhere between Alaska and gaping bloom. The small-flowered va¬ "wildflowers," many of the sedges and Newfoundland. riety of our old friend, the circumboreal sedge-like plants were pointed out. I As many of the species already yellow lady's-slipper (Cypripedium mention only the two species of cot¬ enumerated suggest, we, like Fernald calceolus), popped up at what seemed ton-grass, dark-scale (Eriophorum nearly a hundred years before us, were the most unlikely places, as at Phillip's viridicarinatum) and rusty (E. struck by the arctic-alpine character of Garden and Burnt Cape. This variety chamissonis), and the two species of ar¬ the flora, especially on the limestone occurs also in western North America row-grass, common (Triglochin mar- and serpentine barrens. He viewed and southward in the mountains of the itima) and slender (T. palustris), a new everything through the eyes of a east and the west. one to my life list. Labrador-tea and phytogeographer, who focuses on the dy¬ We had a veritable feast of rein or¬ the superficial look-alikes, bog-rose¬ namics of history and process and seeks chids (Platanthera species), including the mary (Andromeda glaucophylla) and to explain the origins of floras in terms relatively common boreal blunt-leaved bog-laurel (Kalmia polifolia), which we of geological history, habitat, and migra¬ orchid (P. obtusata), the arctic Newfound¬ were able to compare directly in a tion. He saw clearly that Newfoundland, land orchid (P. straminea), in Phillip's Page 4 November 2003 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society floristically, is not merely a patch of conti¬ sparest of habitats, because I had stud¬ nus of tiny arctic mustards - true belly nental eastern Canada severed from the ied the enormous variation of this spe¬ plants — with inconspicuous purplish- mainland. In fact, the purely Canadian el¬ cies in many other North American loca¬ white flowers that grow on limestone ement in its flora is small. Rather, New¬ tions during my doctoral work. Finally, I barrens and calcareous cliffs, talus, and foundland is a land apart whose flora has was able to see first-hand the nature of gravel. We were privileged to see B. been shaped by its own unique geology the variation here, where it is a calciphile, fernaldii at Cape Burnt and in a research and history of ancient land connections which is not the case everywhere in its plot at Pointe Riche and both species in and inundations. The large arctic-alpine range. With their low stature and ten¬ the vicinity of Savage and Sandy Coves. and western floristic elements in the flora dency to have a single, large, intensely Years earlier I had collected a commoner, consist of outliers of species that otherwise violet-blue flower, the plants here com¬ wide-ranging braya species on the arc¬ belong to the circumpolar flora of high alti¬ bine features of the harebells of southern tic shores of Alaska, but I needed the tudes and latitudes or the western coasts. coastal Alaska and the harebells of al¬ help of the late Canadian arctic expert, He emphasized the number of limestone- pine and arctic areas, as in the Rocky A. E. Porsild, to identify it. loving species (calciphiles) and the control¬ Mountains and Greenland. Finally, botanizing was not the sole ling influence of the calcareous habitats. Now for a word about the endemics, preoccupation of everyone. Among the Dwarf birches and willows, alpine plants known only from Newfoundland. notable species seen: bald eagle, com¬ bearberry (Arctostaphylos alpina), but- These are usually among the rarest plants mon eider (including whole families terwort (Pinguicula vulgaris), moss cam¬ iia a flora. Over the years, Femald and of young), pine grosbeak, common red- pion (Silene acaulis), three-toothed others have discovered many localized poll, white-winged scoter, fox, cinquefoil (Potentilla tridentata), black species or local varieties of wider-rang¬ Lincoln's, swamp, and white-crowned crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), milk- ing species in Newfoundland. Some of sparrows, arctic tern, magnolia and vetches (Astragalus spp.), mountain- these, having been found later to occur Wilson's warblers, and black-backed avens (Dryas integrifolia), oxytropes elsewhere or not to be sufficiently dis¬ three-toed woodpecker. The subtle (Oxytropis spp.), Greenland primrose tinct, have since lost their "endemic" sta¬ song of the gray-cheeked thrush was (Primula egalikensis), Lapland rosebay tus. Two of Newfoundland's rarest heard coming from the forest one early (Rhododendron lapponicum), and alpine endemics are Femald's braya or rockcress morning at St. Lunaire. The most obvi¬ sweet-vetch (Hedysarum alpinum) are (Braya fernaldii) and Long's braya or ous mammal, besides the hump¬ but a few more of the many species we rockcress (B. longii). Braya is a small ge¬ backed whale, was the moose. saw that evoked the Arctic especially If this trip is ever repeated, don't on the limestone barrens and turfs. miss it! Many arctic-alpine species are what I Stan Shetler, VNPS Botany Chair Emeritus call "belly plants," because you have to lie down on your stom- ach, eyeball to flower, in order to appreciate them 1 fully, while always watching, of course that you^k don't flatten other rare dwarfs^L in the process. As already said, many of the arc- ^ tic-alpine species are calciphiles. Com¬ ing to mind are such flowers as the north¬ ern saxifrages at Burnt Cape, particu¬ larly the striking circumpolar purple saxifrage (Saxifraga oppositifolia) and the A GIFT FROM NICKY Images of Newfoundland landscapes and of someTcommon and rare flora island gentian (Gentiana nesophila) at may be enjoyed on the internet. While searching Google Images for Braya Point Riche. The limestone barrens of the spp., I linked to the website of the Newfoundland Museum (http:// Burnt Cape Ecological Reserve on the www.nfmuseum.com/flora.htm). Also use Google and search for New¬ shores of the Strait of Belle Isle harbor foundland Flora Images and/or "A digital Flora of Newfoundland and many rare arctic-alpine and calcicolous Labrador Vascular Plants." The images will enhance your enjoyment of] species, where, fortunately, they are pro¬ Stan Shetler's Newfoundland article. The entire website is seductively in-J tected. We greatly appreciated the local experts who showed us the plants of teresting; one page leads to another interesting one and to another. Notj only are the images clear, but there is a section for best places to visit, Cape Burnt. I was personally attracted in our in itself a pleasure. A mystery plant photographed at Burnt Cape travels to the ubiquitous harebell (Cam- ^vas on the site: Vanilla Scented Bog Orchid, Pseudorchis a lb ida_ panula rotundifolia) that seemed to be subsp. Straminea. thriving in many locations, often in the

November 2003 Page 5 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society

Weekend Getaway to Chincoteague Island

VI\PS Fundraiser Drawing ‘ $20 tax-deductible donation fop one ticket; $50 donation fop 3 tickets Drawing held at the VNPS Annual Workshop, March 6, 2004 Win a 3-Day, 3-Night Weekend Getaway at Chincoteague Island, Virginia. Relax in a reno¬ vated 1906 farmhouse in the center of the village. The house has 4 bedrooms, 2 full baths, central heat and A/C, microwave, TV, VCR, W/D, porch, outside shower & grill. Available April and May and Labor Day through Thanksgiving in 2004. Have a look at some of the rooms by going to www.harbourrentals.net, click onto "3 to 5 bedrooms" and scroll down to Summer Quarters. (Donated by Jim and Joslin Gallatin.) Need not be present to win.

To enter, fill out one or three tickets (For additional tickets, make photocopies). Mail tickets and your tax-deductible donation to: VNPS WEEKEND, Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2, Boyce, VA 22620. **Buy a chance to share a getaway ivith friends, use for a family reunion, or give as a reward to a good student!

You may use this coupon below, or photocopy it the number of times you need.

Name Name Name Address Address Address

Phone Phone Phone

What: 2004 VNPS Annual Workshop Annual giving campaign When: March 6, 2004 receives positive response Where: Lewis Ginter Botanical Garden, Richmond By now, VNPS members should Topic: Virginia's Biological Diversity have received the 2003 VNPS An¬ nual Fund Raising letter. Your di¬ Shirley Gay, VNPS Education Chair, announced plans for the rectors hope you will be able to send 2004 VNPS Annual Workshop. Gary Fleming, Vegetation a gift of any amount before the end of this year. There are many oppor¬ Ecologist, VA DCR-DNH, will help continue the VNPS 2003 tunities to expand our society's edu¬ theme of Virginia's Biodiversity. A panel of conservation cation programs. In turn, these pro¬ specialists is also planned for the workshop. grams enable greater appreciation of our native plants and help us Biologist posts research conserve wild flowers and wild Invasive guide available places. Your 2003 gift will enable us papers on DCR website A new booklet on invasive plant to network with other conservation The presentation by Gary control is available from the Alliance organizations and carry a new edu¬ Fleming, Vegetation Ecologist at Vir¬ for the Chesapeake Bay. The booklet cational outreach to Virginians of ginia Department of Conservation outlines case study restoration all ages. and Recreation-Division of Natural projects involving volunteers. An Within several days of receiving Heritage, at the multi-state conference overview of invasive plant control the letter, members began respond¬ is now available for download. One file methods in various settings along ing and we thank each of you who is a pdf powerpoint and the other is a wetlands is given, as is useful infor¬ so quickly let us know you feel the narration similar to his conference mation about volunteer recruitment, work by VNPS is important to our presentation. Both versions can be deployment and retention. native plants. found at the Virginia Natural Heri¬ The book is available for a $2 Thank you on behalf of the ( tage website (www.dcr.state.va.us/ shipping cost from the Alliance for VNPS Directors. dnh/ community.htm). the Chesapeake Bay (804-775-0951 or [email protected]). Page 6 = November 2003 New York Botanical Garden Library

Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society 3 51 85 00345 5795 Seed preservation partnership underway VDACS adds to list After communicating by e-mail for Chesapeake Native Nursery; and, BLM At its October meeting, the Virginia months, it was a pleasure to meet Clare Eastern States Office in Springfield. In Department of Agriculture and Con¬ Tenner, International Program Officer addition to meeting potential partners, sumer Services (VDACS) Board ap¬ and Michael Way, Americas Coordi¬ these visits occurred during the peak of proved amendments to proposed regu¬ nator, for RBG Kew Gardens' Millen¬ Virginia's autumn colors. lation changes enforcing the Endan¬ nium Seed Bank Project's Seed of Suc¬ Chicago Botanic Garden is already gered Plant and Insect Species Act. cess. They came to Virginia in early into the program and plans, over the VNPS appreciates the action by the October to locate Virginia partners for next five years, to harvest, dry and pre¬ VDACS Board for granting approval for Seeds of Success. Sally Anderson and serve the seeds of 1,500 tall grass prai¬ the list of plants and insects submitted Nicky Staunton of VNPS and staff rie plants native to Illinois, Iowa, Mis¬ last year by DCR Division of Natural members of Blandy Experimental Farm souri and Minnesota. Most partners to Heritage. met with them to explore the possibil¬ date are in the American West. This Oc¬ The next step is for the amendments ity of participating as partners. tober trip was the first venture in our to the regulations to be approved by In the last issue of the Bulletin, Eastern states. Virginia's Attorney General. Then the fi¬ Michael Sawyer (VNPS First Vice The two will return to lead a two- nal form of the regulation must be posted President, currently living in The Neth¬ day training session in 2004, the date in the Register of Rules and Regulations. erlands) and Tenner explained Kew's to be determined. To have a program With approval, 20 plant and insect species Millennium Seed Project. It is an am¬ presented on the KEW Millennium will be added to the regulation. Once the bitious project to collect 10 percent of Seed Bank Project, please contact regulations are posted, VNPS will receive a the world's seed-bearing flora — over Nicky Staunton (703-368-9803 or copy of the complete list of species and 24,000 species — by 2010. You can learn [email protected]). their Virginia status to share with you. about the program at the KEW website •Annual Meeting report- (www.rbgkew.org.uk/seedbank/ share ideas, catch up with old friends msb.html) or http://www.rbg.ca/ (Continued from page 1) and acquaintances, learn more about a cbcn/en/index.html). plant or animal has escaped identifi¬ specific Virginia region and its plants The Blandy meeting began a week- cation. She was able to bring an over¬ and last, but not least, to meet and get long visit with botanists across Virginia. view and history of the area, tell of the to know new people. Tenner and Way attended the Multi¬ topography of the trail as well as the Daune Poklis, Pocahontas Chapter state Native Plant Society meeting in smallest detail along the path and un¬ Shepherdstown, W.Va.; visited the der the rotted log. It is always a joy to VNPS OFFICE HOURS - Beginning Massey Herbarium in Blacksburg; the spend time with someone who has December 1, VNPS office hours at Herbarium of the College of William and personal charm as well as knowledge. Blandy Experimental Farm (Karen Mary; University of Richmond; Division As always, the VNPS Annual York) will be from 9 a.m. to 1 p.m. of Natural Heritage; Adkins Arboretum; Meeting provided an opportunity to Monday through Friday.

See the address label for your membership expiration date The Bulletin VNPS Membership/Renewal Form ISSN 1085-9632 Name(s)_ is published five times a year Address_ (Feb., April, June, August, Nov.) by City_State_Zip_ Virginia Native Plant Society _Individual $30 _Student $15 Blandy Experimental Farm _Family $40 _Associate (groups) $40* 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2 _Patron $50 _Sustaining $100 Boyce, VA 22620 _Life $500 (540)837-1600 *Please designate one person as delegate for Associate membership [email protected] To give a gift membership or join additional chapters: Enclose dues, name, address, and www.vnps.org chapter (non-voting memberships in any other than your primary chapter are $5) Sally Anderson, President I wish to make an additional contribution to_VNPS or_Chapter in the Nancy Sorrells, Editor amount of_ _$25_$50_ _$(Other)_ $10 $100 Original material contained in the Bulletin may be _Check if you do not wish your name to be listed to be exchanged with similar reprinted, provided credit is given to VNPS and the organizations in a chapter directory author, if named. Readers are invited to send letters, news items, or original articles for the editor's con¬ Make check payable to VNPS and mail to: sideration. Items should be typed, on disk in Microsoft Word ore-mailed to: Editor, 3419Cold Springs Rd., VNPS Membership Chair, Blandy Experimental Farm, 400 Blandy Farm Lane, Unit 2, Greenville, VA 24440, or [email protected] Boyce, VA 22620 + Membership dues are lax deductible in the amount they exceed $5. Contributions are tax deductible in accordance with IRS regulations The deadline for the next issue is January 5

November 2003 -..-Page 7 Bulletin of the Virginia Native Plant Society Thinking about The Bruce in 2004? Sign i today! The Botanical Society of Shetler, a member of BSA, reported ogy and a day on Flower Pot Island America, Northeast Region, plans that BSA membership is not a require¬ are planned. a trip to the Bruce Peninsula, ment to go on trips. Encouraged by If you would like to join the BSA ( Ontario, Canada. The trip will be that information, VNPS has commu¬ trip, please send your name and ad¬ June 13-17, Sunday evening until nicated with Nan Williams, the or¬ dress to: Nan Williams (e-mail: Thursday morning. The group ganizer of this trip, who said we [email protected]). She will send plans to stay at Wildwood Lodge, would be welcome to join the group you a letter and registration form Mar, Ontario. for this year's visit. early in February. If you have any The dates and place are the Participants will provide their questions (for instance, directions to same as those planned by VNPS own transportation to the Bruce and the Bruce, carpooling from Virginia, when there last June. Since the BSA once there the group will carpool or itinerary, what flora you would ex¬ is going to be there, VNPS will not travel by bus to locations. The cost is pect to see), you may contact Nicky offer its own trip in 2004. Stan not available at this time. Staunton ([email protected] A focus on ferns, orchids, geol- or 703-368-9803). •Conference- (Continued from page 1) discussion, Stan Shetler, Botanist globally rare spreading rockcress Gary will be the keynote speaker at Emeritus of the Smithsonian Institu¬ (Arabis patens) and plenty of ferns. the VNPS spring workshop in Rich¬ tion, gave a provocative statement Sunday, Cris Fleming led a group to mond). Cris Fleming, formerly of about native plants and the role of the banks of the Potomac at Short Maryland's Natural Heritage pro¬ native plant societies in plant and Hill, part of Harpers Ferry National gram and a respected teacher of plant habitat conservation. Park located in Virginia. Our best identification, talked on the rare The afternoons were devoted to plant finds were the state rare Short's plants of the Harpers Ferry area. field trips and workshops. Carole aster (Symphiotrichutn shortii) in Sunday's program started with a Bergman of MNPS and I chose a site bloom and plants of the sweet- report on the changes taking place in along the C&O Canal at Snyder's scented Indian plantain (Cacalia the Appalachian forests presented by landing where we were treated to riv¬ suaveolens). I'm sure the other field | Bill Grafton of West Virginia Univer¬ erine habitat and a limestone cliff trips were equally interesting. sity. To start off the subsequent panel plant community that included the Sally Anderson, VNPS President

LUESTERT. MERTZ LIBRARY

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