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Thesis Hum 2009 Vickerman Ro The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Buthelezi's emergence as a key national politician in Apartheid South Africa and his decline in status thus far, in the country's democratic context Rosemary Vickerman (VCKROS002) A minor dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Social Science in Political Studies Town Faculty of Humanities University of CapeCape Town 2009of DECLARATION This work has not been previously submitted in whole, or in part, for the award of any degree, It is myUniversity own work. Each significant contribution to, and quotation in, this dissertation from the work, or works, of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. Signature: _______________ Date: _________ Buthelezi's emergence as a key national politician in Apartheid South Africa and his decline in status thus far, in the country's democratic context Rosemary Vickerman (VCKROS002) A minor dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Social Science in Political Studies Faculty of Humanities University of Cape Town 2009 DECLARATION This work has not been previously submitted in whole, or in part, for the award of any degree. It is myUniversity own work. Each significant of Capecontribution to,Town and quotation in, this dissertation from the work, or works, of other people has been attributed, and has been cited and referenced. Sig natu re: _----=ift=·-'-'U=· ......t'J,'-'-rn..;....:..;:;.C/)'---'- ________ L Date: Ott d-chfl/OD.j Jet / Town Acknowledgements Thank you to myCape Mom and Dad and to Roger Birt and Campbell Lyonsof for their support throughout this process University Tab\e of Contents DLSCRlrnvr ARSTRACT ................................................................... ...... .... ... .................................. 3 MANCOSUTHI: RI:THELrZI: "BIOl;RAPIHCAL ;'KLTCll.. .................................................... .4 IC'i TRODI' CT ION .. .....................................................................•••.••........................................................ 'J Rr ~ r A Rcll METIlODOLOl;\" .................................... ............................. I I . ..... II r HE [hTASH ON CiL'UUS\I,\TlC I., ~ Il+- "';IHP. L1M I I A I'",IKS OF TII [ S ruD\' .................... ... ........... .. ..... .. ... ". 14" CIIAPT[H O:_L: RLVILW or Till'. LITFRATURF .•.......... .. 15 A H AllS'lle AN Il " O IX RAT[ STRA[[<:;Y ." ............. ... E TlIN IC WJI)IUI.~TION .. ,,""" "" " " ...... ... " ..... ... .. ."""""""""",, .......... 25'" P~TRON~m, ... __ .30 W [~[R AND HIS CC*'''TEMP( JRAIU ES .. ."""" ..... 35 TilE ~ ~ L'V A 'J<.'> 0+- W, H>R IN [HI [ ,X [ AND rOSUUDlNC RH1ARJ...S ... .. .40 ntAPTER T WO: CONCEPT UA L CHAPT[R ....... ..................... .............. .41 "A I L Tll'-:ICITY ...... "". " .. ..... "." ....... .. .. " .. ... ................. """" ... .4~ E'I ~NJC MOIl ILIZAT I()/o, __ . ..... ............. " ....... ..4 ~ p.n}[()Io;AG E ...... ". ." .. " .. ,," ..... .................. ,," " ....... .4 9 CHAPTER TItRE[ , C01'TI::XTUAL CllA.I'TLR ..................................... 50 IUI.U ~()('H,I'y I~ THe PH_SIIAKA.'> E~A . ... .............. "" ... 51 llIE SI L\KM< ERA '\ '>D I IlE FN D Of T~' Iu, LJ ROYAL 11011" .. 5 ~ A \lOR" CONn \lI-'OItAR \' HIS fOR Y: S TRUCT URALty CDNSTRAINTS of Cape DEVEU '" Town .. "",,59 SHTE SU['I'()RT " F luu NAI I" N~LlS \I .....si.............. ,, """-. ....... ..... .............. """ .. "".6 1 A KJ< ,I n CAl , IiACI I1 M [ MERG [ S "" " .. ...................... .. .. .. 63 TIlE RfBIRTII Of IN~TIIA ( 1975) .......... """ ....... " .. ... .. " " " .... """.",,.64 CIIAI'Tf.R FOUR; MA1'GOSUTlU; BUTIIELEZI. Til l:: Clt AR1S .\ I ATlC L[ ADLR . .................... 73 [I l' rn E L E II'~ ~ TI'f'~rT TO ,ol,m H 10 f[( 'NAI n>~. .. 76 BU T ~H H I .~~ Il !H I J o,~Univer Of P!: RSOS AL WILL... .......................... " ... .. ........... .. '[H[ MOTiIiA TION DEHIN D TH[ K ATA l VIOLENCE.. .................... " ..... .. ... """"'g2 EMPI"[('AI Hill"'''U: '" SLlp f'(WT 01- fl U [H I LI LLI POSSESS I"'" OF CIL-\RJ,~ I \ ........ ""."." " .... .. CH .~RI>~t-\TlC HADERSIHP IN I lIE DEMOCRATllUII'TFX I' . "" ........... "". 104" CllAl'TLR 1'1\'1' : RVTlIF.l. FII ANI) r.THN1C ITY .................................................. .. ................. 109 W ~Y ~ Il RUT~ >: J >ZI M+1l I "~V~\?. llUTl I[ LUrS ITTllNlC MOBil IZATIot-; ........................... "11"1 A .I HARklJ HLIT'ORY. W E ~"i' UN IQU'. '"11 4 ,\\OI JUJING CUI TURAL AfFll'lIT .. ........ ." """" 1 15 RI,""' JT I ~" A CO,,, I'ITL1[NCY ... ETHNIC W)!lll II.\ TlON AI'D DEMOCRAlY: Tli EN '\"DI'''''' ......... ... " " 1'" 17 E TllNlu [~ Al'lJ CHARLIMA .. '" CIIAPTLR SIX, PATRONAGL .......................... ...................... 120, !JeTl I[LrZ"S CAREER PROGRESSlot- ANI) TIl[ "A n;R£ or Tl F IIOMrLA~" DI- K" AZUU I , ______ ,_,., ,,_'" " ... '" 120 How '~LJ RUTIIEI fll WIN THe' FUIT"'A('Y Rt()LJ IRU) TO BROME };W. ..zUlU'S CHIH DROC[R OF PATRO'\AGr? ____________ 129 LX'H 1l t:TIlHEZi'S PRACTICING OF fA TRO'lMJf SL (O(JEST ., HAT Il, IN FAU L ~ " ~()T II~ H Hlf ,\Tr~[B UTI'S Of A UI~R I ~M~TI( l~ _~ I}ER [}(j~IN() THE AI',W [HEl l) E"-~? , ......... " , .............. _____ .. 1.12 COi\CLUSJOi\ .134 IJIIILIOG RA I'H \ ' ........................ _............. .. ........ .................................................................................. 136 Town Cape of University , Descriptive Abstract ntis thesis examines MangoSUlhlI Ihlhelvi's emergence as a national leader during the Aparlheid era in South Africa and his subsequent decline in status thus far in lh~ COlInlr)'s dcmocratic context. Much of the 1it e r~ture wriuenon RlIthde/i's "-sccnt to J"lI"",cr focuses on his eng"-gement with lhe process of ethnic mobilization and on his dispensing ofp<ltronage to those "ho were residing in thc homclmxl of KwJ.lulu. \\11ilsl alt~ntion is gi,~n 10 lluthclezi's im'olycmcnt with ethnic mobili/.ation ~nd wilh palronage, the focal point of this sllxly is th~t ol'the phusibilit) of calegon/.ing him as a charismatic Icader. Town The following qucstions were asked. firstly, how WJS RlIthe le/i ~ble to su["cessfully mobilizc around ethnicity mxl se~ondly. how <lid heCape gain legitinlate acccss to st~te patronage? The hypolhesis presented 11\ lh~ bteginningof of thi s thesis suggests that his chil!ism~lk personal ity assisted him with regards to successfully mobilizing il!ound ethnicil)." ~nd with lhat of gaining legitimate access to state resources. EmpiriCJI ev idence in lhe form of personal testimonies on the part 01' Bulhe!e/i's slIpporters and those othcrs who could conllnent on lh e nalur~ 01' lh ~ relationship which appeared to exist between himself ~nd his followers was ex~millCdUniversity. Based on this evidence it was found th~t it is irKked pl~usihl e to categori"c Buthe!ezi as a charisl11Jtic leader. It is ~rgued in the le>.110 folio" th"-l lluthclczi' s charis m~ ~Iongside of ~en~in social, polilical and economic structural conditions which prevailcd at the timc, workcd to facilitate his success ~s fJr JS etlmic mohiii".ation was concerned. In addition to tltis, it is argued fUlthcrmore th~t although Buthelezi did eng~ge in palronage poll tics. his di Sf"'nsing of m~teri~ 1 resources or favours cannot he described as the oniy way in which he obtained loyalty frol11 his supporters. Mangosuthll BlIthclezi: A biographical sketch 'v1an!?osutliu (iilbllil Rllthelezi '\'as born into Lulu royalt)' ol111lOO 27" of Augu,t of 1928 ill 'v1ahlabathini I. His mOlh~r, Cl~lstUilee Magogo Zulu, was th ~ dall!?hkr of King DillizuJu und granddau!?hb or King Cebhwayo, lIis father, Cllicn"ilthol~ lluthelezi. w,,, the grent grandson of Mnyammm lluthelc~L ,,110 W<lS Prime Minister to King C ,,,,;;;;;;;7. Mangostltlill Bmllclui ~ompl eted his >eeondury education from 1944 10 1947 at Adam, Colleg~ in Amunzimtoti. where he matriculated), From 1948 to 1950 he moved on to ,tud} hi,tory and n<lti,e administration at tile Uni"ersit} "floort Hare in Ali~e ill the Eu,tern Cupe'. His fellow University alumlli induded renow1led political figurcs su<:11 as Oli\'er Tilmbo. Govan Mb<:ki. Nc1wn Mundcla and Robert Sohukwel. The latter formed part ofthc Al\C youth league at Fort I lill"". <IS did lluthc1ezi", In 1950 lluthdc7.i joined other students in proteSiing <lg<lill;;t the >ehedu1cd visit of (Jo,-crnor (j~ner<l l (j Rraml Van Zyl <lnd fl)r his actions hc was cxpel led from the Unil'er;;il/. University of Cape Town 1 Un i.. e"ily of KwoZu lu Nolol n.d • Ibid ' South Alrie"n Il i'tory Onlille n.d , Ibid • Th e Pre,idency Republ ic of s.outh Afri,. n.d, (Profil<: of Ullil'.r>ity of fort Harel ' Norl,. 11993, 76 ' Soulh African Hi,lory Online nod Despite his expulsion, the University permitted him to attend the necessary lectures and to 8 write examinations . In the period in which Buthelezi completed his tertiary education, Fort Hare was known as the most prestigious black higher education institution in both southern 9 and eastern Africa • It was out of this prestigious academic background that Buthelezi emerged. From 1951-52 Buthelezi was employed to perform clerical work in the Department of Bantu Administration in DurbanlO. The 2nd July of 1952 saw him marry Irene Audrey Thandekile Mzila, who was employed as a nurse and with her he fathered three sons and four daughters II. During this same year he also worked at 'CowleyTown and Cowley' Attorneys in Durban, where he again undertook clerical work 12 . In 1953 he was made acting chief of the Buthelezis' by the Apartheid Government 13 • 1957 CapeSaw him being made the fully recognized chief of the Buthelezi tribe, a position which ofhe still enjoys todayl4. Buthelezi became the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the KwaZulu Territorial Authority 15 (KTA) which was situated in Nongoma, in the year of 1970 .
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