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Conservation of Threatened Plant Species in Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark, Ha Giang Province

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Conservation of Threatened Plant Species in Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark, Ha Giang Province Management of Forest Resources and Environment CONSERVATION OF THREATENED PLANT SPECIES IN DONG VAN KARST PLATEAU GEOPARK, HA GIANG PROVINCE Hoang Van Sam1, Phan Van Dung2, Dao Thuy Linh3, Dan Thi Hue Phuong4, Pham Van Dien5, Nguyen Tuan Cuong6 1,2,3,4,5Vietnam National University of Forestry 6Bac Giang Agricultural and Forestry University SUMMARY This paper provides information regarding threatened plant species in Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark, Ha Giang province. This study aims to determine the composition, conservation status and propose solutions to protect threatened plant species in the geopark. Based on observations and measurements of general characters, results indicate that there are 13 threatened plant species distributed in Dong Van, belonging to 10 families. There are 11 species listed in Viet Nam Red List (2007), five species listed in IUCN (2015), and five species listed in Decree 32/2006/NDCP. Most of the species are distribute from 1500m to 1800m above sea level. Only three species are distributed between 1000m - 1300m. This research also provides information of morphologial and ecological characteristics of the three endangered species Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehder, Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang and Tsuga chinensis ( Franch) Pritzel ex Diels. Keywords: Conservation, Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark, Ha Giang, Threatened Plant Species I. INTRODUCTION - To study the composition and conservation Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark is located status of threatened plant species in Dong Van in the North of Ha Giang province and consists Karst Plateau Geopark, Ha Giang province. of four districts Meo Vac, Dong Van, Yen - To study biological and ecological Minh, Quan Ba. It covers a total area of more characteristics of threatened plant species in than 2,350 square kilometers. The plateau was Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark, Ha Giang recognized by UNESCO as one of only 77 province. geological parks in the world. It became the 2.2. Methodology first geopark in Viet Nam and the second in Southeast Asia, due to typical topographical - Establishingsix transects in the research area features, geology, climate and natural (map 1) with a total length of transect of about 25 vegetation. Many plant species are used as km. We also establish 45 plots with a size of 40 x medicine, timber and food. However, plant 50 m. Within transects and plots all threatened resources has been reduced due to human plant species were collected and documented with activities and many species are under serious several pictures. Sample specimens were threat such as Taxus chinensis, Podocarpus deposited in the herbarium of the Vietnam pilgeri, Cephalotaxus manii. Therefore, to National University of Forestry (VNUF). study the conservation status of threatened - Conservation levels of threatened plant plant species in Dong Van Karst Plateau species were identified based on the Red data Geopark is an urgent need. book of Vietnam (2007), Red list of IUCN II. CONTENT AND METHODOLOGY (2015), and Degree 322 of the Vietnamese 2.1. Content government dated from the 30th March 2006. 118 JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 3 - 2016 Management of Forest Resources and Environment - Interviewing 60 local people, forest area about the situation of threatened plant rangers, and local authorities in the research species in Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark. Map 01. Map of transect III. Result and Discussion 10 families and 13 genera (table 3.1). Nine of them belong to the plant division of 3.1. Diversity of threatened plant species in Pinophyta and four to Magnoliophyta. Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark Of them 9 species of Pinnophyta and 4 A total of 13 threatened plant species species belong to Magnoliophyta. were found in Dong Van Karst Plateau 3.2. Distribution of threatened plant Geopark, Ha Giang province. They belong to species by elevation in Dong Van Elevation (m) Threatened species 1800 Amentotaxus hatuyenensis, Taxus chinesis, Cupressus funerbris, Podocarpus pilergi, Tsuga chinensis, Lilium brownii var. viridulum, Keteleeria davidianan 1500 Cephalotaxus mannii, Taxus chinensis, Paris polyphyta, Pseudotsuga brevifolia, Pinus kwangtungensis 1300 Mahonia nepalensis , Taxus chinensis, Fallopia multiflora 1000 Figure 02. Distribution of threatened plant species by elevation The figure 02 shows the distribution of elevation. With seven species most of them threatened plant species in different levels of were found between 1500 m - 1800 m JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 3 - 2016 119 Management of Forest Resources and Environment (Taxaxus chinensis, Podocarpus pilgeri, Tsuga 3.3. Conservation status of threatened chinensis, Lilium brownie var.viridulum, plant species in Dong Van global geopark Cupressus funerbris, Amentotaxus hauyenensis A total of 13 threatened plant species were and Keteleeria davidianan), representing found in Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark. about 54 % of total threatened plant species in There are 11 species listed in Red Book of this area. There are five species at the Vietnam (2007) with 1 species at Critically elevation level from 1300 - 1500 m, endangered (CR), 4 species at Endangered (Cephalotaxus mannii, Taxus chinensis, (EN) and 6 species at Vulnerable (VU). Paris polyphyta, Pseudotsuga brevifolia, There are 5 species are listed in IUCN Red Pinus kwangtungensis ), illustrating roughly list 2015. Of them 1 species at Endangered 38% of all threatened plants species. Between (EN), 2 species at Vulnerable (VU) and 2 1000 - 1300 three threatened species were species are Least concern (LC) level. In the found (Mahonia nepolensis, Taxus chinensis, degree 322 of Vietnamese government, there Fallopia multiflora), representing approx. are 5 species also listed, 2 species at level 23% of threatened species in Dong Van Karst prohibiting exploitation and use for Plateau Geopark. The result of the research commercial purpose (IA), 3 species at level also show that Taxus chinensis species are restricting exploitation and use for distributed at all three elevation levels, but commercial purpose (IIA). The result are Mahonia nepolensis only appears in elevation shown in Table 01. between 1000 - 1300 m. Table 01. Conservation status of threatened plant species in Dong Van global geopark Status of conservation No Family/Species Decree Elevation (m) Vietnam IUCN, No Red Book, 2015 32/2006 2007 NĐ-CP Họ Thông – Piniaceae Pseudotsuga brevifolia W. C. Cheng & L. 1 VU 1300 m - 1500 m K. Fu – Thiết sam giả lá ngắn Tsuga chinensis (Franch.) Pritzel ex Diels - 2 LC VU 1500 m – 1700 m Thiết sam đông bắc Pinus kwangtungensis Chun et Tsiang – 3 VU IA 1200 m – 1400 m Thông pà cò Keteleeria davidiana (Bertrand) Beissner – 4 EN LC 1600 m – 1800 m Du sam đá vôi Họ Thông đỏ - Taxaceae Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehder - Thông đỏ 5 EN VU IIA 1300 m - 1700 m bắc Họ Dẻ tùng – Amentotaxus Amentotaxus hatuyenensis T.H.Nguyên - 6 EN 1600 m – 1800 m Dẻ tùng sọc nâu 120 JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 3 - 2016 Management of Forest Resources and Environment Podocarpaceae- Họ kim giao Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw - Thông tre lá 7 LC 1500 m - 1800 m ngắn Cupressceae- Họ hoàng đàn 8 Cupressus funebris Endl.- Hoàng đàn rủ CR IA 1600m-1800m Cephalotaxaceae- Họ Đỉnh tùng Cephalotaxus mannii J. D. Hooker.–Đỉnh 9 VU VU IIA 1200m-1500m tùng Berberidaceae- Họ Mã hồ 10 Mahonia nepalensis DC. – Hoàng liên ô rô EN 1300m-1500m Trilliaceae- Họ Trọng lâu 11 Bảy lá một hoa- Paris polyphylla Smith EN 1200m-1400m Liliaceae- Họ Hành Lilium brownie var. viridulum Baker –Bạch 12 EN IIA 1700m-1800m huệ núi Polygonaceae-Họ rau răm Fallopia multilflora (Thumb) Haraldson - 13 VU 1000m-1300m Hà thủ ô đỏ Note: CR: Critically endangered; EN: Endangered; VU: Vulnerable; LC: Least concern; NT: Near threatened; IA: Prohibiting exploitation and use for commercial purpose; IIA: Restricting exploitation and use for commercial purpose. 3.4 Ecological characteristics and (November). Trunk bark grayish red, with distribution of some threatened plant flimsy longitudinal commissure-like chinks; species in Dong Van Karst Plateau outer bark about 0.4-1.6 mm., membranous or Geopark fibrous, with a reddish brown to orange yellow cross-section; freshly cut sapwood pale Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehder apricot yellow, wood rays inconspicuous. Vietnamese name: Thông đỏ bắc Family name: Taxaceae b. Ecology Taxus chinensis is a slowly growing tree, a. Morphology has cones around April and May, cones ripe on Taxus chinensis is an evergreen tree up to August and November. In Dong Van, this 14 m tall, wide and bushy when cultivated. species distribution in limestone forest at Leaves linear-lanceolate, falcate, spirally elevations between 1300 m -1700 m and grows arranged, spreading in two ranks, about 1.2- along with Tsuga chinensis, Amentotaxus 2.7 cm long, 2-2.5 mm broad, abruptly hatuyenensis, Podocarpus pilgeri. Taxus pointed at the apex, the base decurrent, chinensis is natural regenerated in Dong Van yellowish green above, pale green beneath. and seven seedling were recorded during the Seeds drupe-like, the fleshy arillate coat field assessment. reddish at maturity, ripening in the first season JOURNAL OF FOREST SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NO. 3 - 2016 121 Management of Forest Resources and Environment Picture 01. Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehder Map 2. Distribution map of Taxus chinensis (Pilg.) Rehder Pinus kwangtungensis Chun ex Tsiang cylindric-ovoid, slightly resinous. Seed scales Vietnamese name: Thông Pà Cò cuneate-obovate, apophyses rhombic, apex Family: Pinaceae thin, straight or slightly incurved. Seeds a. Morphology ellipsoid or obovoid, 0.8 - 1.2 cm, together Trees of Pinus kwangtungensis are up to with wing subequal to seed scales. 30m tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m DBH. The Pollination is around April and May, seed bark is brown, scaly; 1st-year branchlets pale maturity in October of 2nd year. brown; old branchlets grayish brown or b. Ecology yellow-brown, glabrous, rarely puberulent; Pinus kwangtungensis is distributed on winter buds black-brown, slightly resinous. limestone ridge from over 1400 - 1700 m Needles 2-5 per bundle, triangular in cross above sea level.
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