DOCSLIB.ORG

Conifer Conservation in Vietnam: Three Potential Flagship Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conifer Conservation in Vietnam: Three Potential Flagship Species Oryx Vol 38 No 3 July 2004 Conifer conservation in Vietnam: three potential flagship species Aljos Farjon, Philip Thomas and Nguyen Duc To Luu Abstract Discoveries of new species and new records new genus and species in the Cupressaceae, was of species are the order of the day in Vietnam, a country described in 2001 and is restricted to limestone outcrops with a high level of biodiversity and many areas still on the border with China. All three species are of high largely unexplored. In recent years many conifers have conservation concern due to their rarity and because of been discovered for the first time in the country, and this threats to their survival from expanding cultivation, paper focuses on three of these. The Vulnerable Pinus felling and fires. We discuss the suitability of these three krempfii is an endemic of exceptional scientific interest. conifers as flagship species to promote forest conserva- tion in Vietnam. We also discuss the problems involved The globally Vulnerable Taiwania cryptomerioides, a in the protection of these species, and the efforts that are conifer of ancient lineage in the Cupressaceae previously currently being undertaken to conserve them. only known to occur with certainty in Taiwan and the border region between Myanmar and China, is a new Keywords Conifers, endemism, extinction, flagship discovery for Vietnam, where it is Critically Endangered. species, Pinus krempfii, Taiwania cryptomerioides, Vietnam, The Critically Endangered Xanthocyparis vietnamensis, a Xanthocyparis vietnamensis. Introduction Vietnam are now represented by five families, 20 genera and c. 33 species (Farjon, 2001; Nguyen Duc To Luu & Vietnam is one of the most biologically diverse countries Thomas, 2004), six of which are endemic (Abies delavayi in the world, with an estimated 12,000 plant species, of fansipanensis, Amentotaxus hatuyenensis, A. poilanei, Pinus which c. 10% are endemic, representing 300 families and dalatensis, P. krempfii and Xanthocyparis vietnamensis). The nearly 3,000 genera (Averyanov et al., 2003). The majority 19 Vietnamese conifers of global conservation concern of species are concentrated in the montane forests, and are listed in Table 1. With 57% of its conifer species deforestation has therefore been, and continues to be, a globally threatened, Vietnam qualifies for recognition as major problem in Vietnam, which has a rapidly growing one of the world’s hotspots as defined by IUCN’s Conifer human population of c. 77 million. It is estimated that the Action Plan (Farjon & Page, 1999). forest cover has been reduced to <28% of its original The high proportion of threatened conifers is primarily extent, with much of the loss occurring since 1945 (de the result of extensive deforestation caused by shifting Koninck, 1999). cultivation, conversion of forest to pasture, and both Since the late 1980s the Vietnamese government has clear-felling and selective felling for high value timber been engaged in an extensive programme of biological and non-timber products (e.g. resin, essential oils) pro- inventories of the remaining forests to establish a more duced by many species. Additionally, several conifers comprehensive system of protected areas. This has are represented by small relict populations, or as peri- resulted in many new discoveries of plants and animals. pheral populations at the edge of the range of more For conifers, new populations of known species, as well widespread taxa. The Vietnamese conifers represent a as new species, have been discovered in the north of the readily recognized group of plants that are emblematic of country. Since 1990, eight taxa from five genera have the problems facing biodiversity in Vietnam and have been recorded for the first time. The native conifers of the potential to act as flagship species (Bowen-Jones & Entwistle, 2002) for local, regional and national Aljos Farjon (Corresponding author) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, conservation campaigns. In this paper we discuss three Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK. E-mail [email protected] of these species in detail: Pinus krempfii, Taiwania Philip Thomas Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, cryptomerioides and Xanthocyparis vietnamensis. Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK. Nguyen Duc To Luu Central Forest Seed Company, Ministry of Agriculture Pinus krempfii and Rural Development, 62 Cau Dien Township, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam. Received 13 August 2003. Revision requested 4 February 2004. The distinctive and relict Pinus krempfii is one of six Accepted 4 May 2004. endemic conifers in Vietnam. Its unusual flattened © 2004 FFI, Oryx, 38(3), 257–265 DOI: 10.1017/S0030605304000481 Printed in the United Kingdom 257 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.93, on 26 Sep 2021 at 17:18:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605304000481 258 A. Farjon et al. Table 1 Conifer species occurring naturally in Vietnam (Farjon & Page, 1999, and recent additions and amendments by the IUCN Species Survival Commission Conifer Specialist Group), with their IUCN Red List status (IUCN, 2003). Species1 Red List status2 Abies delavayi Franchet subsp. fansipanensis VU (Q. P. Xiang) Rushforth Amentotaxus argotaenia (Hance) Pilg. VU Amentotaxus hatuyenensis Hiep EN Amentotaxus poilanei (Ferré & Rouane) VU D. K. Ferguson Amentotaxus yunnanensis H. L. Li EN Calocedrus macrolepis Kurz VU Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f. VU Cunninghamia konishii Hayata VU Plate 1 Pinus krempfii as emergent trees with umbrella-shaped Fokienia hodginsii (Dunn) A. Henry NT crowns in montane forest of the southern highlands of Vietnam. & A. A. Thomas Glyptostrobus pensilis (Staunton) K. Koch DD known from the areas near the Bi Doup massif (12°08ЈN, Nageia fleuryi (Hickel) de Laubenfels EN Ј Pinus dalatensis Ferré VU 108°40 E) that straddle the borders of those provinces. Pinus fenzeliana Hand.-Mazz. NT Recently, a population has been recorded from the Chu Pinus krempfii Lecomte VU Yang Sin massif in Dac Lac (12°24ЈN, 108°26ЈE) (Le Trong Pinus wangii Hu & W. C. Cheng EN Trai et al., 1996) and it is likely that smaller populations Pseudotsuga sinensis Dode var. sinensis VU exist on surrounding massifs (Businsky, 1999). P. krempfii Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata VU Tsuga dumosa (D. Don) Eichler NT occurs over 1200–2000 m altitude in closed canopy for- Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & Hiep CR ests dominated by evergreen members of the Fagaceae and Lauraceae. It may be locally dominant, often occur- 1Nomenclature follows Farjon (2001). ring on the tops and upper slopes of flattened ridges in 2CR, Critically Endangered; EN, Endangered; VU, Vulnerable; NT, Near Threatened; DD, Data Deficient. moist soils with well-developed humus layers (Nguyen Tien Hiep, 1996; Vu Van Dung, 1996); little is otherwise needles, absence of ray tracheids and other unusual known about its ecology. From field observations made wood characters make it unique within the genus. at two sites (Cong Troi and Gia Rich), P. krempfii appears Since its description (Lecomte, 1921, 1924) there has been to be shade tolerant, persistent within a closed canopy controversy over its classification, with some authorities and able to compete to some extent with associated placing it in the monotypic genus Ducampopinus angiosperms. Regeneration was found to be abundant, (Chevalier, 1944) and others including it either in the with several stages present. The absence of traits that monospecific subgenus Ducampopinus within the genus are usually associated with fire resistance or fire evasion Pinus or within various sections of the subgenus Strobus in pines, such as thick bark, serotinous cones and (de Ferré, 1953; Gaussen, 1960; Critchfield & Little, 1969; resprouting (Keeley & Zedler in Richardson, 1998), sug- Price et al. in Richardson, 1998). Recent morphological gests other types of disturbance, such as cyclones, may be and molecular work has supported its inclusion within more important for its regeneration. Its restriction to the subgenus Strobus although there are still unanswered mesic habitats in a limited area where other relict taxa questions about its relationship to other taxa (Wang et al., have been recorded may reflect its ancient history. 2000). Prior to the discovery of X. vietnamensis, P. krempfii P. krempfii is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN was the most well known Vietnamese conifer outside Red List (IUCN, 2003) according to criteria (IUCN, Vietnam. Within Vietnam, its scientific value has long 1994) B1+2c; its area of occupancy is estimated to be been recognized (Schmid, 1974; Nguyen Tien Hiep & <2,000 km2 (B), there are fewer than ten distinct locations Vidal, 1996; Phan Tuc Vat, 1996; Vu Van Dung, 1996). (1) and there has been a continuing decline in the area, P. krempfii forms a broad domed, emergent tree up to extent and quality of its habitat (2c). This decline has been 30 m high (Plate 1) with basal diameters reaching 4 m attributed to the effects of the Vietnam War in the 1960s (Williams, 1999). Trees up to 2,000 years old have been and the clearance of land for agriculture in the following reported (Schmid, 1974) although no tree ring counts decades (Williams, 1999). Its limited distribution and the have been published. P. krempfii has been recorded from inaccessibility of much of its habitat mean that there three provinces in the southern highlands: Lam Dong, has been little direct exploitation, although its timber is Khanh Hoa and Dac Lac (Nguyen Duc To Luu & known to have physical and mechanical properties Thomas, 2004). The majority of the populations are similar to the exploited P. kesiya (Vu Van Dung, 1996). © 2004 FFI, Oryx, 38(3), 257–265 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 170.106.35.93, on 26 Sep 2021 at 17:18:07, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0030605304000481 Conifer conservation in Vietnam 259 from the Forest Science Institute have attempted to establish a small ex situ planting near Dalat (Nguyen Hoang Nghia, 2001).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Name in Thesis
    ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการกระจายของขนาด การงอก และความอยู่รอดของต้นกล้า และไม้หนุ่มของพืชวงศ์โปโดคาร์เปชีอี ณ อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาใหญ่ ประเทศไทย นางสาวเจมิกา อัครเศรษฐนนท์ วิทยานิพนธ์นี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการศึกษาตามหลักสูตรปริญญาวิทยาศาสตรดุษฎีบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาชีววิทยาสิ่งแวดล้อม มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีสุรนารี ปีการศึกษา 2557 FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE DISTRIBUTION, SEED GERMINATION, AND SEEDLING AND SAPLING SURVIVAL OF PODOCARPACEAE AT KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND Jemika Akkarasadthanon A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Biology Suranaree University of Technology Academic Year 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The grateful thanks and appreciation is given to my advisor, Dr. Paul J. Grote, for his consistent supervision, advice, encouragement, valuable suggestions, and support throughout my project. Special thanks are also extended to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nooduan Muangsan, Asst. Prof. Dr. Pongthep Suwanwaree, and Asst. Prof. Dr. Adcharaporn Pagdee for valuable suggestions and guidance given as thesis co- advisors. I would like to thank all my thesis committee members for their suggestions and criticisms. I am also grateful to all the faculty and staff members of the School of Biology and colleagues of the Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment Building 1, 2 and 3, Suranaree University of Technology for their help and support throughout the period of this research work. I wish to thank Mr. Kunchit Srinopawan, and staff from Khao Yai National Park for their kind suggestions and helping for data collection according to the permit note number 0907.4/5923 on 31 March 2014 by the Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant Conservation cited the National Research Council of Thailand 0002/1131 on 4 December 2013. I am grateful to Colin T. Strine and staff from Sakaerat Environmental Research Station for their helping me on data analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Distribution and Historical Dynamics of Threatened Conifers of the Dalat Plateau, Vietnam
    SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM A thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By TRANG THI THU TRAN Dr. C. Mark Cowell, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM Presented by Trang Thi Thu Tran A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts of Geography And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor C. Mark Cowell Professor Cuizhen (Susan) Wang Professor Mark Morgan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. The author wishes to express gratitude to her supervisor, Prof. Dr. Mark Cowell who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support, and guidance. My heartfelt thanks also go to the members of supervisory committees, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cuizhen (Susan) Wang and Prof. Mark Morgan without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful. I also wish to thank the staff of the Vietnam Initiatives Group, particularly to Prof. Joseph Hobbs, Prof. Jerry Nelson, and Sang S. Kim for their encouragement and support through the duration of my studies. I also extend thanks to the Conservation Leadership Programme (aka BP Conservation Programme) and Rufford Small Grands for their financial support for the field work. Deepest gratitude is also due to Sub-Institute of Ecology Resources and Environmental Studies (SIERES) of the Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) Vietnam, particularly to Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • (HRM) and Trnl Approaches: from Cytoplasmic Inheritance to Timber Tracing
    Taxonomic Identification of Mediterranean Pines and Their Hybrids Based on the High Resolution Melting (HRM) and trnL Approaches: From Cytoplasmic Inheritance to Timber Tracing Ioannis Ganopoulos1,2, Filippos Aravanopoulos1,3, Panagiotis Madesis1, Konstantinos Pasentsis1, Irene Bosmali1, Christos Ouzounis1,4, Athanasios Tsaftaris1,2* 1 Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), Thessaloniki, Greece, 2 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, 3 Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, 4 Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Abstract Fast and accurate detection of plant species and their hybrids using molecular tools will facilitate the assessment and monitoring of local biodiversity in an era of climate and environmental change. Herein, we evaluate the utility of the plastid trnL marker for species identification applied to Mediterranean pines (Pinus spp.). Our results indicate that trnL is a very sensitive marker for delimiting species biodiversity. Furthermore, High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis was exploited as a molecular fingerprint for fast and accurate discrimination of Pinus spp. DNA sequence variants. The trnL approach and the HRM analyses were extended to wood samples of two species (Pinus nigra and Pinus sylvestris) with excellent results, congruent to those obtained using leaf tissue. Both analyses demonstrate that hybrids from the P. brutia (maternal parent) 6 P. halepensis (paternal parent) cross, exhibit the P. halepensis profile, confirming paternal plastid inheritance in Group Halepensis pines. Our study indicates that a single one-step reaction method and DNA marker are sufficient for the identification of Mediterranean pines, their hybrids and the origin of pine wood.
    [Show full text]
  • Hybridization and Evolution in the Genus Pinus
    Hybridization and Evolution in the Genus Pinus Baosheng Wang Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå 2013 Hybridization and Evolution in the Genus Pinus Baosheng Wang Department of Ecology and Environmental Science Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden 2013 This work is protected by the Swedish Copyright Legislation (Act 1960:729) Copyright©Baosheng Wang ISBN: 978-91-7459-702-8 Cover photo: Jian-Feng Mao Printed by: Print&Media Umeå, Sweden 2013 List of Papers This thesis is a summary and discussion of the following papers, which are referred to by their Roman numerals. I. Wang, B. and Wang, X.R. Mitochondrial DNA capture and divergence in Pinus provide new insights into the evolution of the genus. Submitted Manuscript II. Wang, B., Mao, J.F., Gao, J., Zhao, W. and Wang, X.R. 2011. Colonization of the Tibetan Plateau by the homoploid hybrid pine Pinus densata. Molecular Ecology 20: 3796-3811. III. Gao, J., Wang, B., Mao, J.F., Ingvarsson, P., Zeng, Q.Y. and Wang, X.R. 2012. Demography and speciation history of the homoploid hybrid pine Pinus densata on the Tibetan Plateau. Molecular Ecology 21: 4811–4827. IV. Wang, B., Mao, J.F., Zhao, W. and Wang, X.R. 2013. Impact of geography and climate on the genetic differentiation of the subtropical pine Pinus yunnannensis. PLoS One. 8: e67345. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0067345 V. Wang, B., Mahani, M.K., Ng, W.L., Kusumi, J., Phi, H.H., Inomata, N., Wang, X.R. and Szmidt, A.E. Extremely low nucleotide polymorphism in Pinus krempfii Lecomte, a unique flat needle pine endemic to Vietnam.
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnamese Conifers and Some Problems of Their Sustainable Utilization Ke Loc Et Al
    Vietnamese conifers and some problems of their sustainable utilization Ke Loc et al. Vietnamese conifers and some problems of their sustainable utilization Phan Ke Loc 1, 2, Nguyen Tien Hiep 2, Nguyen Duc To Luu 3, Philip Ian Thomas 4, Aljos Farjon 5, L.V. Averyanov 6, J.C. Regalado, Jr. 7, Nguyen Sinh Khang 2, Georgina Magin 8, Paul Mathew 8, Sara Oldfield 9, Sheelagh O’Reilly 8, Thomas Osborn 10, Steven Swan 8 and To Van Thao 2 1 University of Natural Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi; 2 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources; 3 Vietnam Central Forest Seed Company; 4 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; 5 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 6 Komarov Botanical Institute; 7 Missouri Botanical Garden; 8 Fauna & Flora International; 9 Global Trees Campaign; 10 Independent Consultant Introduction Vietnam is now recognized as one of the top ten global conifer conservation ‘hotspots’, as defined by the Conifer Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Vietnam’s conifer flora has approximately 34 species that are indigenous to the country, making up about 5% of conifers known worldwide. Although conifers represent only less than 0.3% of the total number of higher vascular plant species of Vietnam, they are of great ecological, cultural and economic importance. Most conifer wood is prized for its high value in house construction, furniture making, etc. The decline of conifer populations in Vietnam has caused serious concern among scientists. Threats to conifer species are substantial and varied, ranging from logging (both commercial and subsistence), land clearing for agriculture, and forest fire. Over the past twelve years (1995-2006), Vietnam Botanical Conservation Program (VBCP), a scientific cooperation between the Missouri Botanical Garden in Saint Louis and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources in Hanoi, has conducted various studies on this important group of plants in order to gather baseline information necessary to make sound recommendations for their conservation and sustainable use.
    [Show full text]
  • Disturbances Influence Trait Evolution in Pinus
    Master's Thesis Diversify or specialize: Disturbances influence trait evolution in Pinus Supervision by: Prof. Dr. Elena Conti & Dr. Niklaus E. Zimmermann University of Zurich, Institute of Systematic Botany & Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Birmensdorf Landscape Dynamics Bianca Saladin October 2013 Front page: Forest of Pinus taeda, northern Florida, 1/2013 Table of content 1 STRONG PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL IN PINE TRAITS 5 1.1 ABSTRACT 5 1.2 INTRODUCTION 5 1.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 8 1.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 8 1.3.2 TRAIT DATA 9 1.3.3 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 9 1.4 RESULTS 11 1.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 11 1.4.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 12 1.5 DISCUSSION 14 1.5.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 14 1.5.2 PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL 16 1.6 CONCLUSION 17 1.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 17 1.8 REFERENCES 19 2 THE ROLE OF FIRE IN TRIGGERING DIVERSIFICATION RATES IN PINE SPECIES 21 2.1 ABSTRACT 21 2.2 INTRODUCTION 21 2.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS 24 2.3.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 24 2.3.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 24 2.4 RESULTS 25 2.4.1 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 25 2.4.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE 25 2.5 DISCUSSION 29 2.5.1 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO FIRE ADAPTATIONS 29 2.5.2 DIVERSIFICATION RATE IN RESPONSE TO DISTURBANCE, STRESS AND PLEIOTROPIC COSTS 30 2.5.3 CRITICAL EVALUATION OF THE ANALYSIS PATHWAY 33 2.5.4 PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE 34 2.6 CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOK 34 2.7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 35 2.8 REFERENCES 36 3 SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 39 3.1 S1 - ACCESSION NUMBERS OF GENE SEQUENCES 40 3.2 S2 - TRAIT DATABASE 44 3.3 S3 - SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MAPS 58 3.4 S4 - DISTRIBUTION OF TRAITS OVER PHYLOGENY 81 3.5 S5 - PHYLOGENETIC SIGNAL OF 19 BIOCLIM VARIABLES 84 3.6 S6 – COMPLETE LIST OF REFERENCES 85 2 Introduction to the Master's thesis The aim of my master's thesis was to assess trait and niche evolution in pines within a phylogenetic comparative framework.
    [Show full text]
  • Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’S Letter
    Planning and planting for a better world Friends of the JC Raulston Arboretum Newsletter Number 3, Spring 1998 Director’s Letter Spring greetings from the JC Raulston Arboretum! This garden- ing season is in full swing, and the Arboretum is the place to be. Emergence is the word! Flowers and foliage are emerging every- where. We had a magnificent late winter and early spring. The Cornus mas ‘Spring Glow’ located in the paradise garden was exquisite this year. The bright yellow flowers are bright and persistent, and the Students from a Wake Tech Community College Photography Class find exfoliating bark and attractive habit plenty to photograph on a February day in the Arboretum. make it a winner. It’s no wonder that JC was so excited about this done soon. Make sure you check of themselves than is expected to seedling selection from the field out many of the special gardens in keep things moving forward. I, for nursery. We are looking to propa- the Arboretum. Our volunteer one, am thankful for each and every gate numerous plants this spring in curators are busy planting and one of them. hopes of getting it into the trade. preparing those gardens for The magnolias were looking another season. Many thanks to all Lastly, when you visit the garden I fantastic until we had three days in our volunteers who work so very would challenge you to find the a row of temperatures in the low hard in the garden. It shows! Euscaphis japonicus. We had a twenties. There was plenty of Another reminder — from April to beautiful seven-foot specimen tree damage to open flowers, but the October, on Sunday’s at 2:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecology and Distribution of the Malesian Podocarps Neal J
    4 Ecology and Distribution of the Malesian Podocarps Neal J. Enright and Tanguy Jaffré ABSTRACT. Podocarp species and genus richness is higher in the Malesian region than anywhere else on earth, with maximum genus richness in New Guinea and New Caledo- nia and maximum species richness in New Guinea and Borneo. Members of the Podo- carpaceae occur across the whole geographic and altitudinal range occupied by forests and shrublands in the region. There is a strong tendency for podocarp dominance of vegetation to be restricted either to high- altitude sites close to the limit of tree growth or to other sites that might restrict plant growth in terms of water relations and nutri- ent supply (e.g., skeletal soils on steep slopes and ridges, heath forests, ultramafic parent material). Although some species are widespread in lowland forests, they are generally present at very low density, raising questions concerning their regeneration ecology and competitive ability relative to co- occurring angiosperm tree species. A number of species in the region are narrowly distributed, being restricted to single islands or mountain tops, and are of conservation concern. Our current understanding of the distribution and ecology of Malesian podocarps is reviewed in this chapter, and areas for further research are identified. INTRODUCTION The Malesian region has the highest diversity of southern conifers (i.e., Podocarpaceae and Araucariaceae) in the world (Enright and Hill, 1995). It is a large and heterogeneous area, circumscribing tropical and subtropical lowland to montane forest (and some shrubland) assemblages, extending from Tonga in Neal J. Enright, School of Environmental Science, the east to India in the west and from the subtropical forests of eastern Australia Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Austra- in the south to Taiwan and Nepal in the north (Figure 4.1).
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Cavitation Resistance in Conifers Maximilian Larter
    The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian Larter To cite this version: Maximilian Larter. The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers. Bioclimatology. Univer- sit´ede Bordeaux, 2016. English. <NNT : 2016BORD0103>. <tel-01375936> HAL Id: tel-01375936 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01375936 Submitted on 3 Oct 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. THESE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE BORDEAUX Spécialité : Ecologie évolutive, fonctionnelle et des communautés Ecole doctorale: Sciences et Environnements Evolution de la résistance à la cavitation chez les conifères The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Maximilian LARTER Directeur : Sylvain DELZON (DR INRA) Co-Directeur : Jean-Christophe DOMEC (Professeur, BSA) Soutenue le 22/07/2016 Devant le jury composé de : Rapporteurs : Mme Amy ZANNE, Prof., George Washington University Mr Jordi MARTINEZ VILALTA, Prof., Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona Examinateurs : Mme Lisa WINGATE, CR INRA, UMR ISPA, Bordeaux Mr Jérôme CHAVE, DR CNRS, UMR EDB, Toulouse i ii Abstract Title: The evolution of cavitation resistance in conifers Abstract Forests worldwide are at increased risk of widespread mortality due to intense drought under current and future climate change.
    [Show full text]
  • An Update and Reassessment of Vascular Plant Species Richness and Distribution in Bach Ma National Park, Central Vietnam
    J. Viet. Env. 2020, 12(2):184-192, Special Issue DAW2020 DOI: 10.13141/jve.vol12.no2.pp184-192 RESEARCH ARTICLE An update and reassessment of vascular plant species richness and distribution in Bach Ma National Park, Central Vietnam Cập nhật và đánh giá sự phong phú và phân bố của các loài thực vật bậc cao tại Vườn Quốc Gia Bạch Mã, Việt Nam LE, Nguyen Thoi Trung1 ; NGUYEN, Hoang Khanh Linh2 ; NGUYEN, Quang Tan2,4*; DO, Trung Dong2 ; PHAM, Gia Tung2 ; LE, Thanh An3 ; NGUYEN, Vu Bao Chi2 1Museum of Nature in the Central Coast, Department of Science and Technology of Thua Thien Hue province, Vietnam; 2International School, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam; 3University of Economics, Hue University, 99 Ho Dac Di, Hue City, Vietnam; 4Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Japan. Bach Ma National Park (BMNP) is recognized as an essential biodiversity hotspot in Vietnam because of its diverse topography, high species richness and threatened and endemic species. This study updates the richness and distribution of vascular plant species in the BMNP by intergrading data from literature, field surveys, key-informant interviews and participatory observations. Our results showed that the park has a high diversity of vascular plants with 1,874 species belonging to 192 families, 6 phylums including Psilotophyta, Lycopodiophyta, Equisetophyta, Polypodiophyta, Pinophyta, and Magnoliophyta. It also indicates that 199 out of 1,874 vascular species in the BMNP are listed as endangered, precious and rare plant species of Vietnam. In particular, 55 species are part of the IUCN 2020 list, in which 9 are critically endangered species (CR), 15 are endangered species (EN), and 31 are vulnerable species (VU).
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Gymnosperm Species in Yen Tu National Forest, Quang Ninh Province
    Management of Forest Resources and Environment CONSERVATION OF GYMNOSPERM SPECIES IN YEN TU NATIONAL FOREST, QUANG NINH PROVINCE Phan Thanh Lam1, Hoang Van Sam2, Dao Cong Anh3, Nguyen Thi Tuyet4, Nguyen Phuong Thao5, Tran Khanh Nhu6, Tobias Matusch7 1Northeast Agriculture and Forestry College 2,3,4,5,6Vietnam National University of Forestry 7Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit Vietnam SUMMARY This paper surveys the Gymnosperm species in Yen Tu National Forest, Quang Ninh province. A total of 15 Gymnosperm species were found in Yen Tu National Forest belonging to the 5 families Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae, Cycadaceae, Pinaceae and Gnetaceae. Gymnosperm species in Yen Tu National Forest have a high conservation value with all 15 species listed in IUCN (2015), 02 species in Viet Nam red data book (2007) and 03 species are listed in Decree 32/2006 of the Vietnamese government. The majority of gymnosperms species at Yen Tu National Forest are distributed from 200 to 600m above sea level. Juniperus chinensis L. and Juniperus squamata Buch. - Ham. are distributed up to 800m; Podocarpus chinensis (Roxb.) Wall. and Podocarpus pilgeri Foxworthy are distributed up to 1000m. Only Nageia fleuryi (Hickel) de Laub are distributed at lower than 400m above sea level. This research also provides the morphological and ecological characteristics of Podocarpus pilgeri Foxworthy and Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook in the research area. Keywords: Conservation, Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook, Gymnosperms, Podocarpus pilgeri Foxworthy, Yen Tu National Forest. I. INTRODUCTION - Research on species composition and Yen Tu National Forest is located in Quang natural conservation status of Gymnosperms Ninh province and consists of 2 Communes: species in Yen Tu National Forest.
    [Show full text]
  • List Plant Specimens Collected in Sinh Long Commune, Na Hang District, Tuyen Quang Province for Sending to the Vietnam National Museum of Nature (Vnmn)
    LIST PLANT SPECIMENS COLLECTED IN SINH LONG COMMUNE, NA HANG DISTRICT, TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE FOR SENDING TO THE VIETNAM NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURE (VNMN) Collecting time March 2011: CPC 1270- 1373: 104 collecting number September. 2011: CPC 4501- CPC 4573: 73 collecting number About 177 herbarium vouchers as 177 collecting number have been deliveried to VNMN. This actions have been appoved by the MoU between CPC and VNMN that signed on 19 April, 2010. Key species: Orchidaceae, Magnoliaceae, Conifers, and Begoniaceae Below is the list of species and collecting number Acanthaceae/ Gen. sp./ CPC 4525/ 28 Sept. 2011 Acoraceae/ Acorus gramineus Soland./ CPC 1281/ 10 Mar 2011 Anacardiaceae/ Pegia sarmentosa/ CPC 1332/ 13 Mar 2011 Annonaceae/ Fissistigma sp./ CPC 1301 11 Mar 2011 Annonaceae/ Gen sp/ CPC 4540 /28 Sept. 2011 Annonaceae/ Miliusa chinensis Finet & Gagnep./ CPC 1291/ 10 Mar 2011 Araceae/ Arisaema sp./ CPC 1287/ 10 Mar 2011 Araceae/ Arisema sp./ CPC 4559 / 29 Sept. 2011 Araliaceae/ Aralia "chinensis"/ CPC 1311/ 11 Mar 2011 Aristolochiaceae/ Asarum sp./ CPC 4547 / 28 Sept. 2011 Balanophoraceae/ Balanophora sp./ CPC 4556/ 29 Sept. 2011 Balanophoraceae/ Balanophora sp./ CPC 4564/ 29 Sept. 2011 Balsaminaceae/ Impatiens sp./ CPC 4519 /28 Sept. 2011 Begoniaceae/ Begonia floribunda/CPC 1354 /14 Mar 2011 Begoniaceae/ Begonia saphoii/ CPC 1355 /14 Mar 2011 Begoniaceae/ Begonia sp./ CPC 1305/11 Mar 2011 Begoniaceae/ Begonia sp./ CPC 1306 /11 Mar 2011 Begoniaceae/ Begonia sp./ CPC 1323/ 12 Mar 2011 Begoniaceae/ Begonia sp./ CPC 1342 / 13 Mar 2011 Begoniaceae/ Begonia sp./ CPC 1363/ 14 Mar 2011 Begoniaceae/ Begonia sp./ CPC 4549/ 28 Sept.
    [Show full text]