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ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการกระจายของขนาด การงอก และความอยู่รอดของต้นกล้า และไม้หนุ่มของพืชวงศ์โปโดคาร์เปชีอี ณ อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาใหญ่ ประเทศไทย นางสาวเจมิกา อัครเศรษฐนนท์ วิทยานิพนธ์นี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการศึกษาตามหลักสูตรปริญญาวิทยาศาสตรดุษฎีบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาชีววิทยาสิ่งแวดล้อม มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีสุรนารี ปีการศึกษา 2557 FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE DISTRIBUTION, SEED GERMINATION, AND SEEDLING AND SAPLING SURVIVAL OF PODOCARPACEAE AT KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND Jemika Akkarasadthanon A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Biology Suranaree University of Technology Academic Year 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The grateful thanks and appreciation is given to my advisor, Dr. Paul J. Grote, for his consistent supervision, advice, encouragement, valuable suggestions, and support throughout my project. Special thanks are also extended to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nooduan Muangsan, Asst. Prof. Dr. Pongthep Suwanwaree, and Asst. Prof. Dr. Adcharaporn Pagdee for valuable suggestions and guidance given as thesis co- advisors. I would like to thank all my thesis committee members for their suggestions and criticisms. I am also grateful to all the faculty and staff members of the School of Biology and colleagues of the Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment Building 1, 2 and 3, Suranaree University of Technology for their help and support throughout the period of this research work. I wish to thank Mr. Kunchit Srinopawan, and staff from Khao Yai National Park for their kind suggestions and helping for data collection according to the permit note number 0907.4/5923 on 31 March 2014 by the Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant Conservation cited the National Research Council of Thailand 0002/1131 on 4 December 2013. I am grateful to Colin T. Strine and staff from Sakaerat Environmental Research Station for their helping me on data analysis. I also would like to thank Mr. Yang Fengchun and Mr. Chokchai Chuea-nongthon for their suggestions and helping me throughout these difficult years. Finally I would like to thank important people in my life including my family, Mr. Wichet Chaijumroen, Mr. Pornsawan Lawbudsa, and my friends who encouraged me throughout the course of this study. Jemika Akkarasadthanon VI CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT IN THAI .................................................................................................. І ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH ....................................................................................... III ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .......................................................................................... V CONTENTS ............................................................................................................... VI LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................... IX LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... XI CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research objectives ..................................................................................... 4 1.3 Research hypotheses ................................................................................... 4 1.4 Scope and limitations of the study .............................................................. 4 1.5 Expected results ........................................................................................... 5 II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Podocarpaceae ............................................................................................. 6 2.2 Seed dispersal and germination and seedling survival of Podocarpaceae 16 2.3 Studies of Podocarpaceae and other conifers in Thailand and nearby regions ....................................................................................................... 19 VII CONTENTS (Continued) Page 2.4 Environmental factors on seedling survival and occurrence of Podocarpaceae ....................................................................................... 20 2.4.1 Soil nutrients ................................................................................... 20 2.4.2 Canopy composition ....................................................................... 22 2.4.3 Local slope ...................................................................................... 23 2.4.4 Disturbance ..................................................................................... 23 III MATERIALS AND METHODS 3.1 Study sites ................................................................................................. 26 3.2 Study species ............................................................................................. 28 3.3 Size-frequency distributions ...................................................................... 29 3.4 Seed germination and early survival ......................................................... 30 3.5 Seedling survival ....................................................................................... 30 3.5.1 Percentage of total canopy cover .................................................... 31 3.5.2 Local slope ...................................................................................... 31 3.5.3 Soil sampling and analysis ............................................................. 32 3.5.4 Categories of disturbance ............................................................... 35 3.5.5 Air temperature. .............................................................................. 35 3.5.6 Density of Syzygium gratum ........................................................... 35 3.6 Data analysis .............................................................................................. 35 3.6.1 Seed germination and early seedling survival at Pha Diew Dai. .... 35 VIII CONTENTS (Continued) Page 3.6.2 Seedling survival at Khao Khiew ................................................... 35 IV RESULTS 4.1 Podocarpaceae species found at Khao Khiew in Khao Yai National Park ............................................................................................. 39 4.2 Size-frequency distributions. ..................................................................... 40 4.3 Seed germination and early seedling survival at Pha Diew Dai................ 50 4.4 Seedling survival of Podocarpaceae species ............................................. 63 4.4.1 Seeding densities.. .......................................................................... 63 4.4.2 Spatial associations among seedling species .................................. 63 4.4.3 Candidate models predicting seedling occurrence ......................... 63 V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ............................................................ 78 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 83 APPENDICES ......................................................................................................... 90 APPENDIX A SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF SOIL SAMPLES ............. 91 APPENDIX B TYPE OF SOIL TEXTURE CALCULATED BY TRIANGLE ............................................................................ 94 APPENDIX C CORRELATION PLOTS ..................................................... 119 APPENDIX D DATA FOR AIC ANALYSIS .............................................. 148 CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................................................ 153 IX LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2.1 Cutting propagation for Podocarpaceae in Vietnam ........................................... 10 2.2 Ecology of Podocarpaceae in Vietnam ............................................................... 18 3.1 Summary of study species at Khao Khiew in Khao Yai National Park. ............ 29 3.2 Candidate models for describing relationships between seedling occurrence and environmental factors in a conifer-angiosperm forest on Khao Khiew at Khao Yai National Park. ............................................................................................... 37 4.1 Study species count 70 plots 14 transect line in the area at Khao Khiew in Khao Yai National Park.. .............................................................................................. 44 4.2 Seed germination of Podocarpus neriifolius during August - October 2013 (3 August 2013 to planted) at Khao Khiew in Khao Yai National Park. ........... 51 4.3 Mean densities (stems/ha) ±one standard error of seedlings (≥0.15 m and <1.35 m) of four podocarp species at Khao Khiew in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. ..................................................................................... 65 4.4 Spatial associations among seedling species at Khao Khiew in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. ..................................................................................... 66 4.5 Comparison of candidate models predicting the occurrence of seedlings of five canopy species at Khao Khiew in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand. ..................................................................................... 67 X LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table Page 4.6 Comparison of slope values of the probability of three conifer species seedling occurrence in relation to continuous predictor variables at Khao Khiew in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.. ........................................ 73 4.7 Pearson correlations
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    REPUBLIC OF FIJI This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. STATE OF THE FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN FIJI Department of Forests Ministry of Fisheries and Forests for The Republic of Fiji Islands and the Secreatriat of Pacific Communities (SPC) State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Executve Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 5 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 6 Chapter 1: The Current State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji ………………………………………………………………….…….
  • Genetic Structure in Natural Populations of Dacrydium Elatum (Roxb.) Wall

    Genetic Structure in Natural Populations of Dacrydium Elatum (Roxb.) Wall

    E3S Web of Conferences 265, 01030 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126501030 APEEM 2021 Genetic structure in natural populations of Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. (Podocarpaceae) in the Central Highlands of Vietnam inferred by Microsatellites Dinh Duy Vu1*, Quoc Khanh Nguyen1 and Mai Phuong Pham1 Institute of Tropical Ecology, Vietnam - Russia Tropical Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen, Ha Noi, Vietnam Abstract: To provide a reference for the conservation and application of breeding parentallines resource of Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.). Genetic diversity and population structure of eighty individuals from four populations (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak and Lam Dong) in Central Highlands were evaluated using eight SSR markers. Based on the SSR data, 21 alleles were detected by eight SSR with high polymorphism. The genetic diversity of levels within the populations were moderately high (Ho = 0.555, He = 0.429). The average number of shannon information index were 0.618 and genetic differentiation among populations was low (Fst=0.097). The AMOVA revealed high genetic variation within individuals (87%) compared among populations (13%). The UPGMA phenogram showed that the results of molecular clustering largely agreed with the pedigree and geographic origin. Three populations (NL, KCR and BDNB) were clustered together and CYS population was separated. The maximum quantity ΔK was observed for K=2 in population structure analysis, indicating that the entire collection could be divided into two main groups of genes. This study can provide a theoretical basis for genetic resource management and varieties identification of D. elatum resources, and provide reference basis for breeding. 1 Introduction Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall.
  • NHBSS 049 2O Rundel Photo

    NHBSS 049 2O Rundel Photo

    NAT. NAT. HIST. BUL L. SIAM So c. 49: 295-303 ， 2001 PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY IN THAI CONIFERS Philip Philip W. Rundel 1，Mark Patterson 2， Kansri Boonpragob 3 and Santi Watthana 4 ABSTRACT Ecophysiological Ecophysiological studies were carried out to detennine photosynthetic capacity and as- sociated sociated gas exch 飢 .ge characteristics of seven species of conifers growing under cornrnon g訂 den conditions in the Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden in the Mae Sa ne Valley 訂 Chi 釦 g Mai ， northem northem Th ailand. Rates of net photosynthesis under conditions of non ・limiting light and water availability availability ranged from a high of 7.9-8.0μmol m- 2・S-I in Pinus kesiya and P. merkusii to a low low of 2.0 in Podocarpus wallichianus. C 訂 bon isotope ratios (o) of -24 .1 %0 in this latter species species indicated a high degree of water use efficiency (WUE) ，while 出巴 two pines ，C ephalot a.x us griffithii griffithii and Dacrydium elatum ， showed low WUE with o values of -29.3 to -30 .4 %0. ・Thai conifers conifers appear to have ecophysiological traits of photosynthetic capacity ，stomatal conduct- 如 ce ，組d water use efficiency comp 訂 'able to those of in North American temperate conifers Our data suggest that inherent limitations in the structural characteristics of the photosynthetic and and water 甘ansport systems in conifers are equally applicable to tropical as well as temperate conifers conifers in mainland Southeast Asia. INTRODUCTION Wh ile there has been a rapidly increasing interest in recent years in the physiological ecology of conifers (SMITH & HINCKLEY ，1995) ， this work has focused almost exclusively on temperate zone conifers ，particularly those in th 巴 genera Pinus ，Abies 叩 d Picea.