DOCSLIB.ORG

NHBSS 049 2O Rundel Photo

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NHBSS 049 2O Rundel Photo NAT. NAT. HIST. BUL L. SIAM So c. 49: 295-303 ， 2001 PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY IN THAI CONIFERS Philip Philip W. Rundel 1，Mark Patterson 2， Kansri Boonpragob 3 and Santi Watthana 4 ABSTRACT Ecophysiological Ecophysiological studies were carried out to detennine photosynthetic capacity and as- sociated sociated gas exch 飢 .ge characteristics of seven species of conifers growing under cornrnon g訂 den conditions in the Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden in the Mae Sa ne Valley 訂 Chi 釦 g Mai ， northem northem Th ailand. Rates of net photosynthesis under conditions of non ・limiting light and water availability availability ranged from a high of 7.9-8.0μmol m- 2・S-I in Pinus kesiya and P. merkusii to a low low of 2.0 in Podocarpus wallichianus. C 訂 bon isotope ratios (o) of -24 .1 %0 in this latter species species indicated a high degree of water use efficiency (WUE) ，while 出巴 two pines ，C ephalot a.x us griffithii griffithii and Dacrydium elatum ， showed low WUE with o values of -29.3 to -30 .4 %0. ・Thai conifers conifers appear to have ecophysiological traits of photosynthetic capacity ，stomatal conduct- 如 ce ，組d water use efficiency comp 訂 'able to those of in North American temperate conifers Our data suggest that inherent limitations in the structural characteristics of the photosynthetic and and water 甘ansport systems in conifers are equally applicable to tropical as well as temperate conifers conifers in mainland Southeast Asia. INTRODUCTION Wh ile there has been a rapidly increasing interest in recent years in the physiological ecology of conifers (SMITH & HINCKLEY ，1995) ， this work has focused almost exclusively on temperate zone conifers ，particularly those in th 巴 genera Pinus ，Abies 叩 d Picea. Relatively little little is known about tropical conifers. Even within a well studied group like the pines in which there are many studies of photosynthetic capacity ， there have been almost no ecophysiological studies of tropical species growing in areas where frost is not an environmental limiting factor (RUNOEL & YOOER ， 1998). Th e conifer flora of 百四land is a small one ，with only 11 species. Six of these 紅 e 加 the the genus Podocarpus sensu latu ，with other genera being Pinus (2 species) ，and Calocedrus ， Da C1 ッdium ，and Cephalot a.x us with a single species each. While all of these species are Southeast Asian endemics in the broad sense ，and occur naturally in lower montane forests of northern and northeastern Thailand ，they represent distinctly different patterns of biogeographic dis 凶 bution. The genus Cephalot ω， us ， for example ， is largely centered in Japan and China ，and reaches its southern limit of occurrence with C. gr 伊 thii in northern IOepartmen 直of Organismic Biology ，E ∞ logy and Evolutio 旧， University of Califomia ， Los An geles ，Califo rnI a USA 90096 (rundelial biolo l! v .ucla.edy) 20epartment 20epartment of Botany ， Oregon State Univ 引 sity ，Corvallis ，01 官gon USA 97331 30 epartm 叩 t of Biology ，Ramkhamhaeng University ， Bangkok 10242 ，Thailand (kansriialr 百m 1. ru.ac 出) 4Queen 4Queen Sirikit Bot 四 ic Gar 台 n， P.O. Box 7，Mae Rim ， Chiang Mai 50180 ，Thailand Received Received 16 J飢 uary 2001; accepted 6 November 200 1. 295 296 PHILIP W. RUNDEL ，MARK PATIERSON ，KANSRI BOONPRAGOB ， AND SANTI WATIHANA Th ailand. In contrast to this pattern ，出 e genus Dac η Idium is largely a southern hemisphere group ， with its primary occuη'ence in southern Chile ，New Ze aland ，Tasmania ，and New Caledonia. Caledonia. It reaches its northern limit of distribution with D. elatum in northernτ 'h ailand. Two tropical pine species in Th ailand ， P. kesiya and P. merkusii ， are widespread species in in Southeast Asia and form 白e most southern occuηence of Pinus 泊 the world ， with P. P. merkusii reaching south of the equator in Sumatra. We 釘 e not aw 釘 'e of any previous studies of photosynthetic capacity in conifer species 合om mainland Southeast Asia. Nor 仕lern Th ailand presents an appropriate 紅 ea to study the ecophysiology ecophysiology of such conifers because all five genera and nine of the 11 Th ai conifers occur occur naturally in this region. Two questions interested us in carry 泊g out 出is research.τ 'h e frrst was: Do tropical conifers conifers growing 泊 a mild ， seasonal monsoon climate have higher photosyn 出etic rates than than temperate conifers? If w 釘 m growing season conditions with abundant water ，low vapor vapor pressure gradients with humid air ， and the absence of a cold season present ideal conditions conditions for conifer growth ， one might expect photosyn 出etic rates higher th 叩 those of temperate temperate conifers. However ， if the structural characteristics of conifer foliage and their associated associated hydraulic systems with fiber tracheids constrain the potential for high rates of carbon carbon fixation ， then comparable rates would be expected. Direct comp 紅 isons within a single single genus can be achieved here with Pinus. τ'h e second question is a special case of the frrs t. Th e genus Podocarpus sensu latu includes a number of species whose foliage is flattened flattened and broad ， with “needles" reaching 5ι70 mm in width in P. wallichian 札Th ere have have been very few reports of photosynthetic rates measured under field conditions for members of the Podocarpaceae. Recent studies with Podocarpus oleifolius in the high An des of Venezuela (CA VIE 阻 S ET AL. ，2000) 佃 d P. coriaceus in the West In dies DUCREY ， 1994) 1994) have reported relatively low rates of maximum net photosynthesis. Do broad-leaved conifers conifers such as these have higher rates of phoωsynthesis than those species of Podocarpus and other co 凶fers with n紅 TOW needles? If such higher rates of photosynthesis exist in broad-leaved broad-leaved Podocarpus ， are they comparable to those of temperate hardwood trees? MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Study Species Trees Trees of seven conifer species were investigated 泊 common g紅 den pl 釦 tings at the Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden in the Mae Sa Valley (ca. 700 m elevation; la t. 18 0 53' N ， long. long. 78 0 56' E) ne 紅 Chiang Mai ， close to the habitat natural of these species. Wi 白白e exception exception of Pinus kes か'a ，which averaged approximately 10m tall ，experimental trees were young individuals 3ー7m in height. Two individuals of each 住民 and multiple leaves on each individual were studied ， with the exception of Podocarpus wallichianus which was represented represented by on1 ya single individual. All study trees were healthy individuals with good growth growth characteristics.τ 'h e general characteristics of the species conifer included for study are are described below. For more information see PHENG 乱 AI (1972) ，KRUSSMAN (1985) ， HIEP & VIDAL (1 996). Cephalotaxus Cephalotaxus griffithii Hook. is a small-to-medium size trl 田. It has stiff needles 2-5 cm 泊 length ， glossy green above but white below. It is distributed from Assam in East PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY IN THAI CONIFERS 297 India India across North Burma to North and Northeast Thailand where it occurs at 100 0- 1800 m elevation in the lower montane zone of Chiang Mai ， Chiang Rai ， and Loei Provinces ， as as a subcanopy tree in moist evergreen fores t. Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wal l. ex Hook. Typically reaches 35 m in height and 7ι120 cm in diameter. The leaves are small (8-16 mm) and scale-like ， in densely overlapping overlapping a町 angement on the fertile branches. It is reported to occur from East India across across North Burma to Thailand ， and south to Cambodia and Malaysia ， and eastward to the Philippines Philippines and F討i. It occurs at 100 0- 3000 m elevation in North ，Northeast ，East ， and Central Central Th ailand and is typically found along streams on soils derived from sandstone. In Indochina ，this species has an elevational range of 70 0- 2000 m. In the Cardamom and 日ephant Mountains of South Cambodia it occurs in dwarf conifer stands on boggy sites ， frequently frequently with Podocarpus imbricatus. Pinus Pinus kesiya Royale ex Gard. has a spreading or rounded crown ， and needles occur in in bundles of 3 and 100-250 mm in length. Th is species is distributed from Burma across mainland mainland Southeast Asia to the Philippines. In Th ailand is common in the North and Northeast Northeast at 100 0- 1600 m elevation. P. kes 切 may occur mixed with montane hardwood trees trees or in relatively pure stands. It is relatively tolerant of frequent buming ， and thus has expanded its dominance in many montane habitats under human intervention. The biogeographical biogeographical and ecological pattems of distribution of this species in Th ailand have been been described in detail (WERNER ， 1993; SANTISUK ， 1997). Pinus Pinus merkusii Jungh. & De Vriese likewise has a spreading to rounded crown; needles occur occur with 2 in a fascicle ， and reach 150 ー250 mm in length. Th is pine occurs from East In dia across Southeast Asia to the Philippines to the east ， and south to Sumatra where it becomes the only pine species that naturally occurs south of the equator. In Th ailand it is a common species in the North ，Northeast and East where it occurs in dry deciduous dipteroca 叩 forests or lower montane forests at 60 0- 1300 m elevation (SANTISUK ， 1997). Rarely ，this species may occur together with the higher elevation P. kesiya. Podocarpus Podocarpus imbricatus B l. [=D αcη carpus imbricatus (B l.) De Laubenf.] is a large forest forest tree reaching 30 m in height and 120 cm in diamete r. Two forms of leaves 紅 e commonly present in this species ， with both occasionally found on the same individua l.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Name in Thesis
    ปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการกระจายของขนาด การงอก และความอยู่รอดของต้นกล้า และไม้หนุ่มของพืชวงศ์โปโดคาร์เปชีอี ณ อุทยานแห่งชาติเขาใหญ่ ประเทศไทย นางสาวเจมิกา อัครเศรษฐนนท์ วิทยานิพนธ์นี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการศึกษาตามหลักสูตรปริญญาวิทยาศาสตรดุษฎีบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาชีววิทยาสิ่งแวดล้อม มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีสุรนารี ปีการศึกษา 2557 FACTORS AFFECTING SIZE DISTRIBUTION, SEED GERMINATION, AND SEEDLING AND SAPLING SURVIVAL OF PODOCARPACEAE AT KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND Jemika Akkarasadthanon A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Biology Suranaree University of Technology Academic Year 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The grateful thanks and appreciation is given to my advisor, Dr. Paul J. Grote, for his consistent supervision, advice, encouragement, valuable suggestions, and support throughout my project. Special thanks are also extended to Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nooduan Muangsan, Asst. Prof. Dr. Pongthep Suwanwaree, and Asst. Prof. Dr. Adcharaporn Pagdee for valuable suggestions and guidance given as thesis co- advisors. I would like to thank all my thesis committee members for their suggestions and criticisms. I am also grateful to all the faculty and staff members of the School of Biology and colleagues of the Center for Scientific and Technological Equipment Building 1, 2 and 3, Suranaree University of Technology for their help and support throughout the period of this research work. I wish to thank Mr. Kunchit Srinopawan, and staff from Khao Yai National Park for their kind suggestions and helping for data collection according to the permit note number 0907.4/5923 on 31 March 2014 by the Department of National Parks Wildlife and Plant Conservation cited the National Research Council of Thailand 0002/1131 on 4 December 2013. I am grateful to Colin T. Strine and staff from Sakaerat Environmental Research Station for their helping me on data analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Distribution and Historical Dynamics of Threatened Conifers of the Dalat Plateau, Vietnam
    SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM A thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts By TRANG THI THU TRAN Dr. C. Mark Cowell, Thesis Supervisor MAY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the thesis entitled SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION AND HISTORICAL DYNAMICS OF THREATENED CONIFERS OF THE DALAT PLATEAU, VIETNAM Presented by Trang Thi Thu Tran A candidate for the degree of Master of Arts of Geography And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Professor C. Mark Cowell Professor Cuizhen (Susan) Wang Professor Mark Morgan ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project would not have been possible without the support of many people. The author wishes to express gratitude to her supervisor, Prof. Dr. Mark Cowell who was abundantly helpful and offered invaluable assistance, support, and guidance. My heartfelt thanks also go to the members of supervisory committees, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Cuizhen (Susan) Wang and Prof. Mark Morgan without their knowledge and assistance this study would not have been successful. I also wish to thank the staff of the Vietnam Initiatives Group, particularly to Prof. Joseph Hobbs, Prof. Jerry Nelson, and Sang S. Kim for their encouragement and support through the duration of my studies. I also extend thanks to the Conservation Leadership Programme (aka BP Conservation Programme) and Rufford Small Grands for their financial support for the field work. Deepest gratitude is also due to Sub-Institute of Ecology Resources and Environmental Studies (SIERES) of the Institute of Tropical Biology (ITB) Vietnam, particularly to Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Occurrences of Mild Compression Wood in Agathis Borneensis and Dacrydium Elatum
    378 IAWAIAWA Journal Journal 36 (4), 36 2015: (4), 2015 378–386 OCCURRENCES OF MILD COMPRESSION WOOD IN AGATHIS BORNEENSIS AND DACRYDIUM ELATUM Yoon Soo Kim1,*, Kwang Ho Lee1 and Andrew H. H. Wong2 1Department of Wood Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea 2Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Studies on the compression wood in tropical gymnosperms are uncommon due to their limited distribution and over-exploitation. Microscopic examination of the heartwood of two tropical gymnosperms, Agathis borneensis (local name: bindang, damar minyak) and Dacrydium elatum (local name: sempilor) grow- ing on higher elevations in Sarawak, Malaysia showed the occurrence of mild compression wood. Intercellular spaces were present in the compression wood of A. borneensis, but not in D. elatum. Rounded shapes of tracheids, typical of severe compression wood, were not observed in any of the samples examined. In D. elatum helical cavities were present, which corresponded in location to cell wall checks seen in cross-sectional views. The S1 layer was relatively thick in both wood species but a distinct S3 layer was observable only in the mild compression wood of D. elatum. Although the main feature of the mild com- pression wood tracheids of both wood species was greater lignification of the outer S2 region, autofluorescence and KMnO4 staining showed the fluorescence and staining intensity in the corner middle lamella in some cases to be much stronger than that in the outer part of S2 layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - an Update
    Rastogi and Ohri . Silvae Genetica (2020) 69, 13 - 19 13 Chromosome Numbers in Gymnosperms - An Update Shubhi Rastogi and Deepak Ohri Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Research Cell, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Malhaur (Near Railway Station), P.O. Chinhat, Luc know-226028 (U.P.) * Corresponding author: Deepak Ohri, E mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract still some controversy with regard to a monophyletic or para- phyletic origin of the gymnosperms (Hill 2005). Recently they The present report is based on a cytological data base on 614 have been classified into four subclasses Cycadidae, Ginkgoi- (56.0 %) of the total 1104 recognized species and 82 (90.0 %) of dae, Gnetidae and Pinidae under the class Equisetopsida the 88 recognized genera of gymnosperms. Family Cycada- (Chase and Reveal 2009) comprising 12 families and 83 genera ceae and many genera of Zamiaceae show intrageneric unifor- (Christenhusz et al. 2011) and 88 genera with 1104 recognized mity of somatic numbers, the genus Zamia is represented by a species according to the Plant List (www.theplantlist.org). The range of number from 2n=16-28. Ginkgo, Welwitschia and Gen- validity of accepted name of each taxa and the total number of tum show 2n=24, 2n=42, and 2n=44 respectively. Ephedra species in each genus has been checked from the Plant List shows a range of polyploidy from 2x-8x based on n=7. The (www.theplantlist.org). The chromosome numbers of 688 taxa family Pinaceae as a whole shows 2n=24except for Pseudolarix arranged according to the recent classification (Christenhusz and Pseudotsuga with 2n=44 and 2n=26 respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Palaeo Leaf Economics Reveal a Shift in Ecosystem Function Associated with the End-Triassic Mass Extinction Event
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318473239 Palaeo leaf economics reveal a shift in ecosystem function associated with the end-Triassic mass extinction event Article in Nature Plants · July 2017 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2017.104 CITATIONS READS 7 428 7 authors, including: Wuu Kuang Soh Karen Bacon University College Dublin University of Leeds 14 PUBLICATIONS 79 CITATIONS 15 PUBLICATIONS 167 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Margret Steinthorsdottir Andrew C Parnell Swedish Museum of Natural History Maynooth University 30 PUBLICATIONS 408 CITATIONS 103 PUBLICATIONS 5,129 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Mid-Cretaceous south polar forests View project Response of pan-Arctic permafrost peatlands to rapid climate warming View project All content following this page was uploaded by Wuu Kuang Soh on 24 March 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. ARTICLES PUBLISHED: XX XX 2017 | VOLUME: 3 | ARTICLE NUMBER: 17104 Palaeo leaf economics reveal a shift in ecosystem function associated with the end-Triassic mass extinction event W. K. Soh1*,I.J.Wright2,K.L.Bacon3, T. I. Lenz2, M. Steinthorsdottir4,5,A.C.Parnell6 and J. C. McElwain1 Climate change is likely to have altered the ecological functioning of past ecosystems, and is likely to alter functioning in the future; however, the magnitude and direction of such changes are difficult to predict. Here we use a deep-time case study to evaluate the impact of a well-constrained CO2-induced global warming event on the ecological functioning of dominant plant communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Kosipe Revisited
    Peat in the mountains of New Guinea G.S. Hope Department of Archaeology and Natural History, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY Peatlands are common in montane areas above 1,000 m in New Guinea and become extensive above 3,000 m in the subalpine zone. In the montane mires, swamp forests and grass or sedge fens predominate on swampy valley bottoms. These mires may be 4–8 m in depth and up to 30,000 years in age. In Papua New Guinea (PNG) there is about 2,250 km2 of montane peatland, and Papua Province (the Indonesian western half of the island) probably contains much more. Above 3,000 m, peat soils form under blanket bog on slopes as well as on valley floors. Vegetation types include cushion bog, grass bog and sedge fen. Typical peat depths are 0.5‒1 m on slopes, but valley floors and hollows contain up to 10 m of peat. The estimated total extent of mountain peatland is 14,800 km2 with 5,965 km2 in PNG and about 8,800 km2 in Papua Province. The stratigraphy, age structure and vegetation histories of 45 peatland or organic limnic sites above 750 m have been investigated since 1965. These record major vegetation shifts at 28,000, 17,000‒14,000 and 9,000 years ago and a variable history of human disturbance from 14,000 years ago with extensive clearance by the mid- Holocene at some sites. While montane peatlands were important agricultural centres in the Holocene, the introduction of new dryland crops has resulted in the abandonment of some peatlands in the last few centuries.
    [Show full text]
  • Vietnamese Conifers and Some Problems of Their Sustainable Utilization Ke Loc Et Al
    Vietnamese conifers and some problems of their sustainable utilization Ke Loc et al. Vietnamese conifers and some problems of their sustainable utilization Phan Ke Loc 1, 2, Nguyen Tien Hiep 2, Nguyen Duc To Luu 3, Philip Ian Thomas 4, Aljos Farjon 5, L.V. Averyanov 6, J.C. Regalado, Jr. 7, Nguyen Sinh Khang 2, Georgina Magin 8, Paul Mathew 8, Sara Oldfield 9, Sheelagh O’Reilly 8, Thomas Osborn 10, Steven Swan 8 and To Van Thao 2 1 University of Natural Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi; 2 Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources; 3 Vietnam Central Forest Seed Company; 4 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh; 5 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; 6 Komarov Botanical Institute; 7 Missouri Botanical Garden; 8 Fauna & Flora International; 9 Global Trees Campaign; 10 Independent Consultant Introduction Vietnam is now recognized as one of the top ten global conifer conservation ‘hotspots’, as defined by the Conifer Specialist Group of the World Conservation Union (IUCN). Vietnam’s conifer flora has approximately 34 species that are indigenous to the country, making up about 5% of conifers known worldwide. Although conifers represent only less than 0.3% of the total number of higher vascular plant species of Vietnam, they are of great ecological, cultural and economic importance. Most conifer wood is prized for its high value in house construction, furniture making, etc. The decline of conifer populations in Vietnam has caused serious concern among scientists. Threats to conifer species are substantial and varied, ranging from logging (both commercial and subsistence), land clearing for agriculture, and forest fire. Over the past twelve years (1995-2006), Vietnam Botanical Conservation Program (VBCP), a scientific cooperation between the Missouri Botanical Garden in Saint Louis and the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources in Hanoi, has conducted various studies on this important group of plants in order to gather baseline information necessary to make sound recommendations for their conservation and sustainable use.
    [Show full text]
  • 2. DACRYCARPUS (Endlicher) De Laubenfels, J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 315
    Flora of China 4: 79. 1999. 2. DACRYCARPUS (Endlicher) de Laubenfels, J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 315. 1969. 鸡毛松属 ji mao song shu Podocarpus L’Héritier ex Persoon sect. Dacrycarpus Endlicher, Syn. Conif. 221. 1847; Bracteocarpus A. V. Bobrov & Melikyan. Trees or shrubs evergreen, dioecious (very rarely monoecious); trunk straight; main branches spreading or drooping; branchlets drooping or ascending, dense. Leaves dimorphic: juvenile leaves 2-ranked and forming an oblong-ovate branchlet outline, linear, not scalelike; adult leaves needlelike or scalelike, falcate, bilaterally or bifacially flattened, or not flattened, 0.8–1.5 mm. Pollen cones lateral (rarely terminal), solitary or few together; microsporophylls numerous, imbricate; microsporangia 2, abaxial. Seed-bearing structures terminal and often borne on short, lateral branchlets, pedunculate, with appressed or spreading, bractlike leaves at base of peduncle; apical 1 or 2 bracts fertile; basal bracts fused to form a succulent, warty receptacle; ovule inverted. Epimatium wholly enveloping seed, united with fertile bract(s) and together bearing a short, free apex forming an asymmetrically projecting crest on immature seed-bearing structure. Seed large. Nine species: from China and Myanmar to Fiji Islands and New Zealand; one species in China. 1. Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laubenfels var. patulus de Laubenfels, J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 320. 1969. 鸡毛松 ji mao song Bracteocarpus kawaii (Hayata) A. V. Bobrov & Meli- kyan; Podocarpus kawaii Hayata. Trees to 40 m tall; trunk to 2 m d.b.h.; bark superficially dark brown or blackish, weathering gray, red-brown and granular fibrous within, flaking in thin strips; crown spreading; branchlets stiff, erect. Juvenile leaves borne at 60–75° to branchlet axis, 0.2– 0.7 mm apart (branchlets 3–4 × 1.2–1.6 cm in outline), sessile, green or ± glaucous, linear, falcate to “S”- shaped, 6–10(–17) × 0.9–1.2 mm, stomata arranged in 2 whitish rows on abaxial surface, base decurrent, margin entire, apex obliquely incurved-apiculate, apiculus 0.2–0.3 mm.
    [Show full text]
  • Dacrydium Elatum (Podocarpaceae) in the Montane Cloud Forest of Bokor Mountain, Cambodia
    90 P.W. Rundel et al. Dacrydium elatum (Podocarpaceae) in the montane cloud forest of Bokor Mountain, Cambodia Philip W. RUNDEL1,*, M. Rasoul SHARIFI1, Judith KING-RUNDEL2 & David J. MIDDLETON3 1 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 621 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA. 2 Department of Earth Sciences, California State University, Dominguez Hills, 1000 E. Victoria Street, Carson, California 90747, USA. 3 Singapore Botanic Gardens, National Parks Board, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569, Singapore. * Corresponding author. Email [email protected] Paper submitted 20 May 2016, revised manuscript accepted 29 July 2016. ɊɮɍɅʂɋɑɳȶɆſ əDŽɒɌɀɿ ƺȴɸɌɊɮ ɯɋɵɅɵƙɈɳɁȟɳǷǂɊɉɸƒɵɅɵƙɈƙɁȪɈɩȷ ǕȷƙɁȪɎLJɅɳȵˊȻɳǷɁɸɆɅɽȳƕȶɽǍɆɵɅȹɯɌɉɸƒȼɸɌȲɪ ɭƒȶəɃǚɅƺɁɩɆɮȲɳƵʆ ȹƙNjɍɳƸɃɳǷɃɩɑƴȶɁƓɮȶɵɅȹɯɌɉɸƒ Ʌɩȶ ȹɩɁɑɊɭƙɃɆɳȶˊžɁƺɁɸɆɅɽNjɅɍȲſȳʂɀƋ ɳɑˊɊȳɭɑƙɆƙȲɁɪ ɴȼɍNjɅȲɊƕɑɽɃɫȲɳɉƚȣȶɳɍˊɑ Ɉɪ ʕʐʐʐ Ɋ.Ɋ ɵɅȲɊƕɑɽɃɫȲɳɉƚȣȶƙɆƸɸƹƒ ɸ NjɅɑǁƊ Ʌƽȷɽʉ ɅɩȶNjɅǕɑɭɪɁȳƕɑɽʆ ɍȲſȳʂɀƋ DŽɸȶɳɅɹɆɳȶˊžɁɤƘNjɅɵƙɈɳɁȟ Ʌɩȶ Ƀɪ ȷɭɍƙɈɫȲƞɴȼɍNJȴɳƙȷˊɅƺƙɆɳɉɃ Dacrydiumȱ elatumȱ (Podocarpaceae)ʆ ɆɴƙɊɆƙɊȫɍɃɸɒɸɳȼˊɊɳȺˊƙɁȪɎLJɅƙɆɃɹɳȵˊȻ ȲɊƕɑɽƸɆɽɈɪ ʕ-ʗ Ɋ. ɳǷǂɊȹƙNjɍȹɩɁȲɸɈɮɍɅɩȶɆɅƎɌɒɮɁǂɊɁɸɆɅɽɆɴƙɊɆƙɊɍȫ Ʌɩȶ ȲɊƕɑɽȼɍɽ ʑʕ Ɋ. ȲɭƒȶɁɸɆɅɽɴȲƓɌɃɫȲDžƚ Ȳɽ ɈɈȲɎɍʆɩ ɑɫȲɴȼɍNjɅɑǁƚ Ɗ ɅȼɮȷȯɑƳɵɅɳȼˊɊɳȺˊɳɈȻɎɋʂ Ʌɩȶ ɑǁƊ ɅƙɃɴɎȶȯɑȷȷȫ ɭȶɵɅȲɮɅɌȲɭ ſƺɁɩƙɆɳɉɃ D.ȱ elatum ɆƷƟ ȻɈɪɃɸɳdžɌȲɃɩɑɈɅɬƚɳɄˊɌɑƛ ɪɑƗ ɸɳnjȴ ɳɒˊɋɍȲſɀɺɳɅɹȲʁɆƷƟ ȻɈɪƳɌɆɅǜɸɳǵɅɫȶɍȲſȳʂɀƋ ɈɈȲɳƙȷˊɅɵɅȹƙɊȲɳǷɉɸƒɆɮȲɳƵʆ ɃƙɊȶɽDŽɸȶɈɪɌLJɅƻɅȼɍɽ ʕʐ% ɵɅɔƙǂɔɁɩɆɌNjɵɅƳɌƙƺɆǃɊɈɍɈɅɬƚȲƙɊɩɁDŽɆȴɬƙɁɫɊɴɁ ʒʐʐɊɪƙȲȪɊɻɮɍ/ɴɊɻƙɁ/ ɎdžɃɩ ɪʆ ɔƙǂɔɁɩɆɌNjɵɅƳɌƙƺɆǃɊɈɍɈɅɬƚɳɓˊȶȳƕɑɽɌɒɮɁȼɍɽƙɆɴɒɍ ʘʐʐ ɊɪƙȲȪɊɻɮɍ/ɴɊɻƙɁ/ ɎdžɃɩ
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Fiji: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources
    REPUBLIC OF FIJI This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. STATE OF THE FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES IN FIJI Department of Forests Ministry of Fisheries and Forests for The Republic of Fiji Islands and the Secreatriat of Pacific Communities (SPC) State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Table of Contents Executve Summary ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 5 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…….. 6 Chapter 1: The Current State of the Forest Genetic Resources in Fiji ………………………………………………………………….…….
    [Show full text]
  • Genetic Structure in Natural Populations of Dacrydium Elatum (Roxb.) Wall
    E3S Web of Conferences 265, 01030 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126501030 APEEM 2021 Genetic structure in natural populations of Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. (Podocarpaceae) in the Central Highlands of Vietnam inferred by Microsatellites Dinh Duy Vu1*, Quoc Khanh Nguyen1 and Mai Phuong Pham1 Institute of Tropical Ecology, Vietnam - Russia Tropical Center, 63 Nguyen Van Huyen, Ha Noi, Vietnam Abstract: To provide a reference for the conservation and application of breeding parentallines resource of Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.). Genetic diversity and population structure of eighty individuals from four populations (Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak and Lam Dong) in Central Highlands were evaluated using eight SSR markers. Based on the SSR data, 21 alleles were detected by eight SSR with high polymorphism. The genetic diversity of levels within the populations were moderately high (Ho = 0.555, He = 0.429). The average number of shannon information index were 0.618 and genetic differentiation among populations was low (Fst=0.097). The AMOVA revealed high genetic variation within individuals (87%) compared among populations (13%). The UPGMA phenogram showed that the results of molecular clustering largely agreed with the pedigree and geographic origin. Three populations (NL, KCR and BDNB) were clustered together and CYS population was separated. The maximum quantity ΔK was observed for K=2 in population structure analysis, indicating that the entire collection could be divided into two main groups of genes. This study can provide a theoretical basis for genetic resource management and varieties identification of D. elatum resources, and provide reference basis for breeding. 1 Introduction Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall.
    [Show full text]
  • Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia
    RAP PUBLICATION 2006/07 MANGROVE GUIDEBOOK FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA The designations and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its frontiers or boundaries. The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors alone and do not imply any opinion whatsoever on the part of FAO. Authored by: Wim Giesen, Stephan Wulffraat, Max Zieren and Liesbeth Scholten ISBN: 974-7946-85-8 FAO and Wetlands International, 2006 Printed by: Dharmasarn Co., Ltd. First print: July 2007 For copies write to: Forest Resources Officer FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific Maliwan Mansion Phra Atit Road, Bangkok 10200 Thailand E-mail: [email protected] ii FOREWORDS Large extents of the coastlines of Southeast Asian countries were once covered by thick mangrove forests. In the past few decades, however, these mangrove forests have been largely degraded and destroyed during the process of development. The negative environmental and socio-economic impacts on mangrove ecosystems have led many government and non- government agencies, together with civil societies, to launch mangrove conservation and rehabilitation programmes, especially during the 1990s. In the course of such activities, programme staff have faced continual difficulties in identifying plant species growing in the field. Despite a wide availability of mangrove guidebooks in Southeast Asia, none of these sufficiently cover species that, though often associated with mangroves, are not confined to this habitat.
    [Show full text]