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Natural Features, Invasive Species and Breeding Bird Surveys Little Traverse Conservancy Lands, Beaver Island, MI

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Natural Features, Invasive Species and Breeding Bird Surveys Little Traverse Conservancy Lands, Beaver Island, MI Floristic Quality Assessments Natural Features, Invasive Species and Breeding Bird Surveys Little Traverse Conservancy Lands, Beaver Island, MI Prepared by: Phyllis J. Higman and Daria A. Hyde Michigan Natural Features Inventory P.O. Box 13036, Lansing, MI 48901-3036 For: Conservation Resource Alliance 10850 E Traverse Hwy #1180, Traverse City, MI 49684 October 31, 2013 Report Number 2013-18 Acknowledgements This work was made possible through a Sustain this work, as has TNC’s Eastern Lake Michigan our Great Lakes grant awarded to the Coastal Invasive Program, the Little Traverse Conservation Resource Alliance in Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians, and the Grand City, Michigan. Many thanks to Eric Ellis for Traverse Band of Chippewa and Ottawa Indians. writing the grant and inviting us to partner in We are grateful for our CMU friends who this project. Thanks also to The Little Traverse introduced us to Beaver Island and have Conservancy and the Lucas, Barrett, Plumert, nurtured our work over many years. We give a Haveman, and Roberts families for supporting special thank you to Pam Grassmick, and Beth this work and facilitating surveys of their and Ed Leuck for their leadership in the Beaver preserves and conservation easements. The Archipelago Initiative, and for their passion and Beaver Island Association and the Natural generosity. Rebecca Rogers and Ed Schools Resources and Ecotourism Steering Committee provided assistance with our GPS application, have been instrumental in building support for data and graphics. Suggested Citation: Higman, P.J. and D.A Hyde. 2013. Floristic Quality Assessments, Natural Features, Invasive Species and Breeding Bird Surveys, Little Traverse Conservancy Lands, Beaver Island, MI. Michigan Natural Features Inventory, Report Number 2013-18. Lansing, MI. 25 pp. plus 4 appendices. Cover photo by Phyllis J. Higman. 2013. Petritz Preserve Dunes at Sundown. Copyright 2013 Michigan State University Board of Trustees. Michigan State University Extension programs and materials are open to all without regard to race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital status, or family status. Executive Summary This project builds upon efforts to document coltsfoot. The latter is the first reported and prioritize invasive species treatments in the occurrence of coltsfoot on the island to date. Beaver Archipelago, by conducting systematic The more common European swamp thistle surveys of conservation lands held by the Little presents a significant challenge as it was found Traverse Conservancy on Beaver Island. fairly frequently as widely disparate occurrences Floristic quality assessments and surveys of deep within the swamps, where access is natural features, invasive plant, and breeding difficult and time consuming. Spotted bird were conducted. These data will provide a knapweed, common St. John’s wort, bladder useful lens for decision-makers to consider when campion, hawkweed and Kentucky bluegrass prioritizing invasive species work. were widespread in old fields, along trails and Twenty-four occurrences of natural and roads, and in the dunes. Common St. John’s anthropogenic communities and community wort was also sparsely distributed throughout complexes, representing ten community types, open woodlands. were documented during surveys. These include Many of the 81 plants identified as culturally old fields, second growth mesic and dry-mesic significant are common occurrences on the northern forest, bogs, a northern fen, large island, however, only a single occurrence of complexes of rich conifer (cedar) and hardwood- sweetgrass was documented. Seven species, conifer swamp, dunes, and extensive calcareous although in range, have not been formally shorelines comprised primarily of coastal fen documented from the island in the Michigan and sand and gravel beach. Flora. Since these well-known species have not Native species documented ranged from a been reported to date, it is not likely they occur high of 144 in the Little Sand Bay swamp on the island. Six additional species not complex to as few as 25 in old fields. Native documented in 2013 are likely present, but not Floristic Quality Indexes (FQIs) ranged similarly abundant in the survey sites. from the low-fifties in the highest quality Two hundred and eighty three individuals rich/hardwood-conifer and shore complexes, to representing 57 different species were observed the mid-teens for the least diverse old fields. during breeding bird point count surveys, with a The number of non-native species captured in mean number of 47 individuals observed per site. each community ranged from 41 in the old fields The five most abundant bird groups observed of Little Sand Bay to only three at the Barney’s were warblers, followed by corvids, thrushes, Lake bogs. vireos, and finally gulls and terns Eleven element occurrences representing Eleven species of warblers were documented seven rare species and one natural community including the Northern parula, a species of were documented. These include three greatest conservation need (SGCN). Seven occurrences of state and federal threatened additional SGCN were documented including Pitcher’s thistle, four occurrences of state Eastern towhee, Brown thrasher, Killdeer, Least threatened Lake Huron tansy, and one flycatcher, Northern flicker, Sora, and Wilson’s occurrence each of state and federal endangered snipe. A pair of state threatened osprey was Michigan monkey flower, state special concern documented nesting, common loons were butterwort, and state special concern climbing observed at five sites and state special concern fumitory. A portion of one of the mesic Bald eagle and state threatened Caspian tern northern forest sites meets the criteria for were each observed at one site. element occurrence status. These lands capture a diverse array of Sixteen invasive species of concern were ecosystems, providing habitat for many species, documented during surveys. These include including those that are rare or vulnerable. Data isolated or discrete occurrences of Oriental from this study will help determine where it is bittersweet, autumn olive, tartarian honeysuckle, most important and effective to address narrow-leaved cat-tail, sweet clover, Canada invasions that currently pose one of the biggest thistle, bull thistle, phragmites, wild parsnip and threats to these natural systems. FQIs, Natural Features, Invasive Species and Breeding Bird Surveys, Beaver Island, 2013. Page i FQIs, Natural Features, Invasive Species and Breeding Bird Surveys, Beaver Island, 2013. Page ii Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... i Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 1 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 3 Floristic Quality Assessment .................................................................................................................. 3 Natural Features Inventory ..................................................................................................................... 3 Invasive Plant Inventory ......................................................................................................................... 4 Culturally Significant Plants................................................................................................................... 5 Breeding Bird Surveys ........................................................................................................................... 5 Results and Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 9 Floristic Quality Assessments ................................................................................................................ 9 Natural Features Inventory ................................................................................................................... 11 Invasive Plant Inventory ....................................................................................................................... 12 Culturally Significant Plants................................................................................................................. 20 Breeding Bird Surveys ......................................................................................................................... 21 Conclusions and Recommendation ............................................................................................................. 23 References ................................................................................................................................................... 24 Appendices ............................................................................................................................................... A-1 A. Recent Taxonomic Changes ....................................................................................................... A-1 Genera in Michigan Flora whose family assignments have changed .................................... A-3 New Species added to the website March 2013 ...................................................................
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