Legal proceedings Updated February 10, 2009 Country Name / media Sentences Sentences Defendants Released / paroled / Jailed awaiting Suspects not Fugitives Notes / date of crime reversed and sentenced early released and trial charged and acquittals pardons circumstances Argentina José Luis 2000: Gustavo Prellezo Sergio Camaratta, The Buenos Aires Cabezas On February 2, Gregorio Ríos, Aníbal Supreme Court 2000 sentenced to Alberto Gómez Luna, Horacio ruled on February News life imprisonment Anselmo Braga, 4, 2009 that photographer of were Gregorio Horacio Anselmo Sergio Gustavo former Pinamar magazine Ríos, as Braga and José González, José Luis police chief Noticias, mastermind, Luis Auge. On Auge were paroled Alberto Gómez, Buenos Aires. former member of December 14, under terms of a charged with the military and 2007 the Dolores, system (now having turned a January 25, chief bodyguard of Buenos Aires abolished) whereby blind eye so 1997 businessman province, Appeals years served in jail Cabezas could be Alfredo Yabrán Court ordered awaiting trial counted murdered, should Murdered at the and as guilty of the Braga and Auge double. serve his life resort of crime “kidnapping to be sent back to sentence in full. Pinamar. Was of a person, prison for violating Sergio Camaratta was This ruling kidnapped, followed by the their parole. released from prison overturned a beaten, murder of the in October 2006. He decision by the handcuffed, victim;” former posted bail of 40,000 Appeals Court to tortured; was police officers pesos (approximately reduce the 2002 shot in the Sergio Camaratta $13,500). sentence to 24 head twice and and Aníbal Luna; years then his body and for the same Gregorio Ríos was imprisonment. was burned crime members of placed under house inside a criminal gang arrest in October On October 28, vehicle. known as Los 2006. 2008 the Dolores Hormeros; Appeals Court Horacio Anselmo Aníbal Luna was ordered the parole Braga, Sergio freed from house of Gregorio Ríos. Gustavo arrest in August 2006 He had been González, José on having served two- under house Luis Auge and thirds of his 24-year arrest and wearing Héctor Retana, term. He posted bail an electronic who died in prison of 40,000 pesos shackle. from an illness. (approximately $13,500). As of December

1 On the same date 2007 there Gustavo Prellezo, Horacio Anselmo remained under a former police Braga, on parole appeal the officer, was given since April 2005, was Supreme Court’s the maximum returned to prison in September 19, sentence, 2007. 2007 ruling. Until imprisonment for there was a an indefinite period Sergio Gustavo decision those out for “kidnapping of González was on parole would a person, followed released from prison not return to by the murder of and placed under prison. the victim.” house arrest in March 2005. He posted bail On September 19, 2002: of 20,000 pesos 2007 the Buenos In December 2002 (approximately Aires Provincial Alberto Pedro $7,000). Supreme Court Gómez, former overturned a Pinamar police José Luis Auge was ruling by the chief, was paroled in December Appeals Court sentenced to life 2004 after posting bail allowing the guilty imprisonment for of 20,000 pesos to go free. They having turned a (approximately could now return blind eye so the $7,000). He had to prison. crime could be served seven years of committed. his 18-year sentence. Alfredo Yabrán, a He was returned to businessman, 2003: prison in 2007. committed suicide On November 13, in 1998 shortly 2003 sentences Héctor Retana died in after a warrant were reduced as prison. was issued for his follows: Gregorio arrest as the Ríos, 27 years in mastermind of the prison; Sergio murder. Camaratta, 25 years; Aníbal Luna, 24 years; Horacio Anselmo Braga, 20 years; Sergio Gustavo González, 20 years; José Luis Auge, 18 years,

2 later further reduced to 16, and Alberto Pedro Gómez, 24 years.

Argentina Ricardo 2002: Gangeme On September 12, 2002 Daniel Owner and Vitti, alleged editor of the mastermind; weekly El Gustavo Fabián Informador Smith, alleged Chubutense, perpetrator, and Trelew. Alejandro Zabala, alleged May 13, 1999 accomplice, were acquitted At 1:28 a.m. a by the Northeast man Chubut Criminal approached the Court. journalist’s car outside the entrance to a building where he rented an apartment in downtown Trelew. He lowered the window and the man shot him.

He was carrying almost $1,500 and several checks which were not

3 stolen.

Argentina Mario Bonino On November 13, 2003, two days Employee of before the 10th the Press anniversary of the Office of the murder, Buenos Aires representatives of Press Workers the Buenos Aires Union Press Workers (UTPBA). Union (UTPBA) met with the then He worked at Human Rights the newspapers Minister, Eduardo La Razón, Sur Luis Duhalde, who and Diario promised to press Popular. for a reopening of the case. November 15, 1993

His body appeared on November 15, 1993 in the Riachuelo creek in Buenos Aires city after his whereabouts had been unknown for four days. Argentina Rodolfo Task Force 3.3.2 of The case was Fernández the Navy Mechanics closed. Pondal School (ESMA).

Managing editor of the weekly Ultima Clave, Buenos Aires.

4

Disappeared on August 5, 1977

He was abducted by two men in downtown Buenos Aires. Argentina Zelmar Agents of the As of March 2005, Michelini Argentine and the case remained Uruguayan Armed open in Argentina. A journalist with Forces, police, the Buenos security and Aires intelligence services newspaper La working together in Opinión and a Operation Cóndor. Uruguayan senator, murdered in Argentina.

May 21, 1976

Abducted together with three other people. All were tortured and shot. Argentina Marcelo Ariel Members of the On June 24, 2005 Gelman Armed Forces. Uruguayan President Tabaré Freelance Vázquez journalist announced the exclusion of the October 21, case of María 1976 Claudia García Irureta, Gelman’s A military wife, from the law squad raided pardoning his home in members of the

5 Buenos Aires, military involved in kidnapped him human rights and his seven- violations between months- 1973 and 1985. pregnant wife The case did not María Claudia move ahead in García Irureta. Argentina, but it did have The journalist’s connotations in body was found Uruguay within the on October 14, framework of the 1989 with a Operation Cóndor gunshot wound investigations. to the neck. The body had been placed in a tunnel, covered in cement and sand and then thrown into the Luján river in Buenos Aires province. Bolivia Juan Carlos 2001: Eugenio Limachi was Seven persons The case is Encinas In 2001 Eugenio freed from prison after arrested, then closed. Limachi Mamani posting bail of freed on bail: Journalist, a was sentenced to approximately $900. Edgar Mamani stringer for six years and two Limachi, Julio television news months in prison. Limachi programs and a Mamani, Félix radio program Loza Mamani, in Catavi, Los Teodoro Limachi Andes Mamani, Juan province. Laruta Quispe, Agustín Mata July 29, 2001 Condori and Juan Francisco He was shot at Limachi Quispe. point-blank range during a clash between

6 rival groups in Catavi. Bolivia Carlos Quispe Julio Quisberth November 2008: Quispe Quispe, chairman of the case is divided the Pucarani City into two parts – 1, Reporter for FM Watch Committee, the takeover of the 90.7, Radio the main accused, city building to Municipal de ignored the commit Pucarani notification to aggravated theft, present himself to among other March 29, 2008 testify before the El offenses, there Alto Criminal Court were two arrests A and disappeared but they were demonstration from the community freed on grant of by 300 people where the lives habeas corpus; 2, against the city Chijasivi; two hours the murder of mayor led to from Pucarani. He Quipe Quipe, the invasion denied to those delayed and destruction close to him that he investigation due of the radio had anything to do to “problems of station, located with the reprisal that jurisdiction” (the on the first floor gave rise to the crime was of city hall. journalist’s death. committed in Quispe Quispe He then Pucarani, it was was identified disappeared. handled in El Alto as a Radio and has been sent Municipal The other accused to Achacachi). In reporter. He – Efraín Ticonipa, six months the was beaten head of the Watch Quispe Quispe with sticks and Committee, and murder case has whipped. The council members gone from public station was Edwin Huambo prosecutor to destroyed the Espinoza, Nicolasa public prosecutor Quispe Quispe Cruz, Rufina Serna five times. died two days and Basilio Poma – later from his said they “feared for Others charged injuries. their lives” and with destruction of therefore only the radio station, signed sworn were Efraín testimony taken Ticonipa, head of outside the city. The the Watch deadline for the Committee, and

7 judicial council members investigation, Edwin Huambo beyond the arrests Espinoza, and the habeas Nicolasa Cruz, corpus granted by Rufina Serna and Judge Prado Basilio Poma. Saavedra, is April 2009. Brazil Manoel Leal de 2003: On September As of October 2007 Fernando Gomes On November On November 27, Oliveira On September 26, 25, 2003 police officer Monzart Oliveira, mayor, was 27, 2007 the 2007 2003 Monzart da Thomaz Iracy da Costa Brasil was named as the head of the representatives of Editor of the Costa Brasil, a Guedes, alleged serving his sentence alleged mastermind. Bahía State the executive and newspaper A police officer, was perpetrator, was in the Police Attorney’s judicial branches Região in sentenced to 18 acquitted. Penitentiary, where Office, Juarez of Bahía state Itabuna, Bahía. years in prison. He he was enjoying Chastinet, told government appealed and on On December 5, certain privileges, the IACHR agreed among January 14, February 28, 2007 2005 Marcone among them and the IAPA other things to 1998 his sentence was Sarmento, unrestricted ability to that he had study the upheld. charged with come and go at the suspended the possibility of He was shot being an facility. grant of reopening seven times as accomplice, was habeas corpus investigations to he arrived at acquitted. to Monzart da determine who his home in Costa Brasil, had masterminded Itabuna. and he was the murder. therefore now at large and As of October facing 2007, the IAPA imprisonment. and the Brazilian government, with the IACHR as intermediary, were discussing a possible amicable solution of the case.

Following a series of articles in the newspaper A Tarde and the report and resolutions of the

8 IAPA, the district attorney’s office and investigators in the case obtained resources to continue their inquiries.

On May 19, 2000 the case was submitted by the IAPA to the IACHR, Case No. 12,308. Brazil Ronaldo 2002: Paulo Sérgio The Judiciary During the trial Santana de On November 22, Mendes Lima agreed for Paulo Mendes Araújo 2002 Paulo Sérgio Eunópolis Mayor Lima testified that Mendes Lima was Paulo Ernesto he had been hired Announcer with sentenced to 19 Ribeiro da Silva (or by former mayor Radio Jornal de years and 6 Paulo Dapé) and his Paulo Ernesto Eunópolis, months in prison. colleagues María Ribeiro da Silva. Eunópolis, José Ferreira Souza Bahía. (María Sindoiá), On May 19, 2000 Waldermir Batista the case was October 9,1997 de Oliveira (Dudú) submitted by the and Antônio Oliveira IAPA to the Around 6:40 Santos (Toninho da IACHR. Case No. a.m. Ronaldo Caixa), accused of 12,309. Santana de killing the journalist, Araújo and his to be sent to trial. son, Márcio They appealed the Alan, were decision. walking towards Radio Jornal when they were approached by a man who fired four shots at Ronaldo. Brazil José Carlos 2003: Orico Rodrigues Gerim Ferreira Other suspects

9 Mesquita On September 26, Lacerda, allegedly have disappeared 2003 Orico implicated, was and witnesses are Owner of TV Rodrigues was himself murdered. afraid to talk about Ouro Verde in sentenced to 16 the crime. Ouro Preto do years in prison. Oeste, Rondônia.

March 10, 1998

At 7:00 p.m. he was leaving the TV station when he was approached by three men. They shot him in the head.

Brazil Nivanildo On April 15, 2008 Barbosa Lima the IAPA received a letter from the Reporter for the Bahia State newspaper Attorney’s Office Ponto de in which the public Encontro en prosecutor asked Paulo Afonso, the police precinct Bahía. to send the required July 22, 1995 information on the matter, which He left his indicates that the home on the case has not been morning of July shelved. 20 and during the day took In October 2007 it part in a was learned that number of the case might be meetings. That shelved, the was the last Attorney General’s time he was Office conducted seen alive. His new investigations

10 body was found but there have two days later been no new floating in a leads. reservoir. He had wounds to In June 2002, the face. following an IAPA investigation, the case was reopened.

In October 1995 the investigation was shelved. According to the autopsy death was due to “natural causes.” Brazil Ivan Rocha 1991: Salvador Salvador Rodrigues The case was Sentenced in 1991 Rodrigues Brandão Filho and shelved in 1994 Host of the to five years in Brandão Filho Antônio Carlos due to lack of program “A voz prison were and Antônio Ribeiro de Souza evidence against de Ivan Rocha” Salvador Carlos Ribeiro were released from the suspects. It Radio Alvorada Rodrigues de Souza prison on being was argued that AM, Teixeira de Brandão Filho and appealed acquitted. the journalist’s Freitas, Bahía. Antônio Carlos sentence and body had never Ribeiro de Souza, were acquitted been found. Disappeared on a military on the grounds April 22, 1991 policeman. that the body On May 23, 2003 was never the case was He was found. submitted by the abducted as he IAPA to the was passing an In 1991 IACHR. Case No. empty lot. He Domingos P-702-03. was on his way Cardoso dos to meet with his Santos was put girlfriend at the on trial but university. His acquitted. body has never been found. Brazil Domingos 2003: Hércules de Since October Sávio Brandão On December 12, Araújo Agostinho, 2007 João 2003 Hércules de João Leite and Arcanjo Ribeiro,

11 Founder, owner Araújo Agostinho, Célio Alves de alleged and president a former military Souza. mastermind, is of the policeman, was being held in newspaper sentenced to 18 Fernando Barbosa custody at the Folha do years in prison. Belo is serving his Pascoal Ramos Estado and of prison sentence in Penitentiary, Rádio Cidade 2005: a semi-open awaiting the Cuiabá FM, On June 1, 2005 manner that court ‘s decision Cuiabá, Mato João Leite was allows him to go on when he will Grosso. sentenced to 15 out of the go on trial. He years and 2 penitentiary where was extradited September 30, months in prison. he is being held from Uruguay on 2002 during the daytime March 11, 2006. On June 17, 2005 and to which he Around 3:30 Célio Alves de has to return at p.m. he was Souza was night. leaving the sentenced to 17 construction years and 6 site of the months in prison. newspaper’s new building In September when two men 2005 Fernando on a motorcycle Barbosa Belo was approached sentenced to 13 him and fired years in prison. 10 shots at him.

Brazil Tim Lopes 2005: Elias Pereira da In December 2008 Elizeu Felício On May 25, 2005 Silva, Cláudio Claudinodos Santos de Souza Reporter and Elias Pereira da Orlando do Coelho, a.k.a. Xuxa, absconded in network Silva (The Crazy Nascimento, and Cláudio Orlando July 2007. producer for TV Man) was Reinaldo Amaral de Nascimento, a.k.a. Globo, Rio de sentenced to 28 de Jesus, Ratinho, were granted Janeiro. years and 6 Fernando Sátyro semi-open prison months in prison. da Silva, Claudino status. June 2, 2002 dos Santos On June 16, 2005 Coelho and He was Cláudio Orlando Ângelo Ferreira da kidnapped, do Nascimento Silva. brutally beaten (Ratinho) was and tortured. sentenced to 23 His body was years and 6

12 dismembered months in prison. and burned in a Río de Janeiro On August 20, shantytown 2005 Reinaldo where he had Amaral de Jesus, been Fernando Sátyro investigating da Silva and complaints of Elizeu Felício de sexual Souza were exploitation and sentenced to 23 links between years and 6 drug trafficking months in prison. and youth dances. On October 1, 2005 Claudino dos Santos Coelho (Xuxa) was sentenced to 23 years and 6 months in prison.

On October 20, 2005 Ângelo Ferreira da Silva (Primo) was sentenced to 9 years and 4 months in prison. Brazil Mário Coelho 2007: On June 30, Reynaldo Polari On October 19, de Almeida On May 30, 2007 2005 Genivaldo Stumpf 2005 the case Reynaldo Polari Ferreira was submitted by General Stumpf was Nogueira the IAPA to the manager, sentenced to 18 (Batata), former IACHR. Case No. reporter and years in prison. city councilman P-1294-05. photographer of accused of A Verdade, being the On August 5, Magé, Rio de mastermind of 2005, following Janeiro the murder, was the end of the trial acquitted by the in which August 16, Rio de Janeiro Genivaldo Ferreira 2001 Court of Justice Nogueira was “for lack of acquitted, the

13 He was shot evidence.” IAPA, through its five times as he Rapid Response was arriving at Unit (RRU), found his home, that Reynaldo which was also Polari Stumpf had the premises of been in jail since the newspaper December 2, A Verdade. 2004. The district attorney handling the case had been unaware of this. Brazil José Wellington 2003: José Ferreira de R.L.S., aged 17, In November

Fernández On March 12, Melo remained in prison for 2007 gunman (Zezinho 2003 José Ferreira three years, until he Antônio Cazuza). de Melo (Zé de was 21. Madeiros Adolfo) was (Alemão), in jail Host of the sentenced to 19 Genivaldo Galindo da for other radio program years in prison. Silva is appealing offenses, "Cheiro de sentence while free. declared that he Mato" in In March 2003 had participated Canindé de R.L.S. (Nininho), a in Wellington’s São Francisco, minor (aged 17), murder and in Sergipe. was sentenced to that of a prison until congressman. March 13, 2000 reaching majority. The authorities said they would He was 2007: hear his murdered On February 14, statement. around 3:30 2007 Genivaldo a.m. as he was Galindo da Silva returning home was sentenced as from a party. mastermind to 19 years and 10 months in prison. Brazil Mário Eugênio 1986: José de Matos, David Antônio do Moacir de Assunção As of January Rafael de In 1986 Aurelino “Divino 45.” Couto was released Loiola, also accused 2008 Aurelino Oliveira Silvino de Oliveira, ahead of time in in the crime, died in Silvino de sergeant, and August 1994 for good suspicious Oliveira had Reporter of Antônio Nazareno behavior. circumstances in not served his Correio Mortari Vieira, June 1985, a few sentence. He Braziliense and corporal, were Antônio Nazareno days after giving is at large. host of the convicted and Mortari Vieira as of testimony to the

14 program “Gogó sentenced. January 2008 was police. das Sete” on serving his sentence Radio Planalto, In 1986 Iracildo under the open plan, Brasília. José de Olveira in which he is allowed was sentenced to to be at home with his November 11, 9 years in prison. family in the daytime 1984 but must return to 1987: prison each night and He was leaving On May 11, 1987 on weekends. He can the radio David Antônio do go out to work, study station at 11:55 Couto, corporal, or take courses during p.m. headed for was sentenced to the day. his car when he 9 years in prison. was shot in the Iracildo José de head seven 1994: Olveira served part of times. In 1994 José de his sentence in Matos, “Divino 45,” prison. He died in was sentenced to 1999. 18 years in prison. He managed to have his sentence reduced to 14 years. He was at large for two years. Brazil Aristeu Guida 2002: Vladimir Raienieri As of January On September 23, da Silva In April 2002 Pereira Sobrosa 2008 Carlos 1999 the case Vladimir Raienieri Marqués de was submitted by Owner and Pereira Sobrosa Pinho and the IAPA to the journalist of was sentenced as Isael Dos IACHR. Case No. Gazeta de São the perpetrator to Santos Rosa, 12,213. Fidélis, São 28 years in prison. charged with Fidélis, Rio de However, on the crime, Janeiro. March 20, 2007, were at large. after being put on There was an May 12, 1995 trial for a second arrest warrant time, his sentence out for them. It was 8:00 p.m. was reduced to 21 as he was years on a charge talking in the of aggravated street with a homicide. That trial friend when a was later annulled.

15 hooded man The defense held approached that a key witness him from was not heard and behind and a new date should shot him in the be set. back. Another two masked men on a motorcycle gave him the coup de grace. Brazil Zaqueu de On November On September 23, Oliveira 18, 1999, after 1999 the case being tried, José was submitted by Owner and Carlos de the IAPA to the editor of Souza, the IACHR. Case No. Gazeta de alleged 12.212. Barroso, perpetrator, was Barroso, Minas acquitted. He Gerais. cited self- defense, due to March 21, 1995 the fact that the journalist was He was also armed. intercepted by an individual as he was walking with his mother in a public place. The man shot them both.

Brazil Reinaldo Serafim Gomes, As of October Coutinho da Regério Mesquita, 2007 a special Silva Fábio Barroso and investigative José da Silva Filho group set up to Editor and were investigated, work with the publisher of the but their Niteroi district newspaper participation in the attorney was still Cachoeiras crime could not be operating. The Jornal in proved and they dismissal, Cachoeiras de were never however, of two

16 Macacu, Rio de charged. members of the Janeiro, and a team delayed the stringer for the process that newspaper promised to Nosso Jornal in provide leads to São Gonçalo. identify two suspects. August 29, 1995

He was driving his car along a road around 7:30 a.m. when as he stopped at a traffic light a man shot at him 14 times from another vehicle. Brazil Edgar Lopes de Four police Francisco Augusto The investigation Faria officers allegedly Tavela and Paulo was wound up on implicated in the Rubens Reichel January 31, 2006 A commentator murder were were investigated at the request of for Radio sent to prison in and both were the Public Capital FM and June 1998 for murdered. Prosecutor’s television host something to do Office after on Red Record with another investigations by Campo case. the Integrated Unit Grande, Mato, to Combat Grosso do Sul. Criminal Organizations October 29, (UNICOC) ended. 1997 On July 27, 2000 Around 6:20 the case was a.m., after submitted by the having IAPA to the breakfast at a IACHR. local bakery, he was returning to his car to go

17 to the radio station when a man shot at him several times. Another man approached and also shot at him. Brazil Maria Nilce dos 2006: In December José Alayr José Sasso, The trial of Charles Santos On September 5, 2006 César Andreatta another of the Roberto Lisboa, Magalhães 2006 José Alayr Narciso da accused and scheduled for Andreatta was Silva, a police Marcos Egydio sent to prison for December 2006, did Gossip sentenced to 13 officer, was Costa the murder of not take place due columnist and years in prison as acquitted after the journalist, to the alleged editor of Jornal the mastermind of being put on died in prison in mental incapacity of da Cidade the crime. trial. 1992 - he was the accused. He Vitória, Espírito poisoned. was sent to a Santo. On the same date mental home. Marcos Egydio July 5, 1989 Costa was sentenced to 9 She was years and 4 arriving by car months in prison. with her He was the airline daughter at a pilot who helped gym around the murderers 7:00 a.m. when escape. a man put a gun to her neck, but it misfired. She ran and jumped on a bus, as did one of the assailants, who shot her there. Brazil Nicanor Ricardo Rodrigo On March 10, 2008 Linhares Chagas was Judge José Maria Batista arrested and Lucena was later released accused of having Director and due to doubts masterminded the

18 owner of Radio about his having murder. Vale do participated in Jaguaribe AM the crime. Eight persons were in Limoeiro do implicated in the Norte, Ceará. Cássio Santana crime. In October de Souza, 2007 they appealed June 30, 2003 alleged the charges that are perpetrator, was under judicial Two hooded arrested in consideration. men entered August 2007. Among the accused the studio and are Arivan Lucena, fired more than former mayor, 10 shots at the accused of ordering journalist. They the killing; her fled on a husband José María motorcycle. Lucena, a judge, who could face charges for complicity. This will be decided by the High Court.

José Roberto Santos Nogueira (Chico Orelha), also allegedly implicated, died on May 11, 2004 in a clash with police.

Brazil Edgar Ribeiro Maurício The case is being Pereira de Rodrigues de investigated by Oliveira Almeida and the police, no one Antônio Carlos has been formally Partner and do Nascimento, charged with the owner of the identified in crime. weekly Boca do October 2003 as Povo in Campo the alleged Grande, Mato perpetrators, Grosso do Sul. were arrested for other

19 June 9, 2003 offenses.

He was slain around 6:00 p.m. outside his home, unidentified assailants firing some 15 shots at him. Brazil Jorge Lourenço In October 2007 dos Santos the official investigation had Owner and to be carried out announcer of again due to community irregularities in the radio Criativa initial inquiries in FM in Santana which, for do Ipanema, example, a hit Alagoas. man was accused of committing the July 11, 2004 murder while the journalist’s family At 7:25 p.m. as insisted that he he left his home had not been – where he also involved. operated the radio – to park The journalist’s his car on the widow claimed patio, he was that she felt attacked by a threatened. man who shot him four times. Brazil Jorge Vieira 2005: Geraldo da Silva e Another three On September 29, Silva persons, alleged Announcer with 2005 sentenced to be the RádioTropical were Geraldo da masterminds, in Teresina, Silva e Silva, to 19 managed to halt Piauí. years in prison; legal proceedings Raimundo Teles because of lack of He was shot on de Sousa Vidal, to evidence against March 23, 2001 18 years, and them.

20 in Timon, João Matias Maranhão, Pinheiro, to six dying on March years. 30. Raimundo Teles Two men on a de Sousa Vidal motorcycle and João Matias were waiting Pinheiro as of near the home January 2008 of his ex-wife were awaiting when he ratification of the arrived in his conviction in order car. They fired to be sent to four shots, prison. three of which hit him. He was taken to hospital in critical condition and died seven days later. Brazil Marcos Borges 2006: On October 26, Gláucio dos Reis Ribeiro On December 19, 2006 Joana Santana is serving 2006 Gláucio dos DÁrc de Souza his sentence Owner and Reis Santana, who was acquitted under the semi- publisher of the confessed to the after going on open system, newspaper crime, was trial. which allows him Independente sentenced to 5 out during daytime in Río Verde, years and 4 but he has to Goiás. months in prison. sleep at night in the prison. May 1, 1995

Around 4:00 p.m. while he was at his home he was shot. Brazil Luiz Carlos In July 2008 the On April 25, 2008 Barbon Filho Public it was reported Prosecutor’s that the weapon

21 Stringer for the Office identified used in Barbon’s newspaper as allegedly murder, a 12- Jornal do Porto involved military caliber rifle, is the and Radio police officers same one used in Porto FM radio Velnei Bertoni, the attempt on the in Porto Paulo César life of a teenager Ferreira and of Ronceiro, Edson that occurred Jornal JC Luiz Ronceiro several minutes Regional in and Adélcio after the journalist Pirassununga, Carlos Avelino was killed. São Paulo. and businessman In early March May 5, 2007 Carlos Alberto 2008 the key da Costa. witness to the Around 9:00 crime, Alcino p.m. he was in Another two Antico, owner of a bar chatting military the tavern where with its owner, policemen held the journalist was who went out in custody since killed, publicly and one of two April 25, 2008, revealed that he individuals on a Luis Carlos had received motorcycle shot Groul and threats from one the journalist Eduardo Moreira of those allegedly several times. da Silva, were involved, Capt. said to have Adélcio Carlos used in another Avelino. crime the same weapon as that in the murder of Barbon.

On March 4, 2008 military police officers Valenei Bertoni, Paulo César Ronceiro, Edson Luiz Ronceiro and Adélcio Carlos Avelino were charged and placed in

22 preventive detention.

Arrested in mid- February was merchant Carlos Alberto da Costa, accused of being the owner of the weapon used in the crime. Brazil Samuel Román 2007: Eurico Mariano Cleiton de Alfredo Rui On August 10, Andrade Dias Arevalos, Host of radio 2007 Eurico Segovia, he another program “A voz Mariano, the remained at accused, is do povo” on mayor of Coronel large until also at large. Radio Sapucaia, Brazil, August 24, Conquista FM was sentenced to 2007, when he in Coronel 17 years and 9 was arrested. Sapucaia, near months in prison He was held at the Brazil- as the the Amambai Paraguay mastermind. He is Penitentiary border. appealing the prior to trial on sentence. April 29, 2008. April 20, 2004

Around 7:00 p.m. two men on a motorcycle fired 13 times as he headed home in the Brazilian city of Coronel Sapucaia, separated from Capitán Bado by a highway. Colombia Jairo Elías On July 21, Bernardo Between March Márquez 1999 José Marulanda Osorio, a and November Edgar García suspect, was 2008 it was

23 Publisher, González was ordered held in reported that owner and ordered held in preventive custody some evidence reporter of the custody on a but the order with had been magazine El charge of revoked on July 23, requested, but the Marqués in aggravated 2001 because he results were Armenio, homicide. On died. unknown. Quindío. September 23, 1999 he was On March 31, November 20, released and on 2006 the 1997 July 23, 2001 Colombian the investigation Attorney General’s He left the against him was Office agreed to magazine and ended due to pursue the case. was about to the evidence get into his car against him On September 23, when he was being 1999 the case intercepted by determined to was submitted by two armed be unfounded. the IAPA to the motorcyclists, IACHR. who shot him three times. Colombia Amparo Leonor 2002: On January 23, Libardo Prada In December 2008 Jiménez On June 20, 2002 2002 the Bayona it is learned that in Libardo Prada Valledupar the last two years Correspondent Bayona, a Specialist Circuit the Public of television paramilitary, was Criminal Court Prosecutor’s news programs sentenced to 37 acquitted Prada Office has “Q.A.P” and years and 8 Bayona. The reported that it is “En Vivo.” She months in prison decision was investigating the was also on a charge of appealed and participation of the coordinator of aggravated the Valledupar Chamizos gang Redepaz In homicide. High Court and of paramilitary Valledupar, overruled it and Hernán Giraldo for Cesar. issued a 37-year alleged prison sentence. responsibility for August 11, the Jiménez 1998 murder. Any response made by After taking her the Justice and son to school Peace Unit is she parked her unknown. There car near her has been no

24 home, and progress in waiting for her determining who there was a hit masterminded this man, who shot crime. her three times in the head. Following an appeal by the IAPA on June 20, 2002 the Criminal Court of the Valledupar High Court overturned the acquittal of Libardo Prada Bayona.

The journalist had reported on the eviction of 170 families occupying land on a ranch owned by Carlos Arturo Marulanda, a former congressman and ambassador. She was warned by members of the military and paramilitaries to stop reporting on the matter and told to hand over her background material. Marulanda was arrested on other charges on July 16, 2001 by Interpol in Spain. In 2002 he was extradited to

25 Colombia. Colombia Gerardo Edgar José In December 2008 Bedoya Astaiza, the only it is learned that in person arrested the last five years Op-ed page as alleged the investigative editor of the perpetrator authorities have newspaper El named by the reported having País, Cali, Valle investigators ordered a number del Cauca. He from the Public of work trips to was also Proesecutor’s Cali, without it director of the Office Tecdnical being possible to Colombian Investigations identify anyone as Studies Center Corps, was responsible for of the National released. this homicide. Conservative Party. On September 23, 1999 the case March 20, 1997 was submitted by the IAPA to the He was IACHR. heading to his vehicle after a visit at an apartment complex when an individual approached him and shot him five times. Colombia Jaime Garzón 2004: On March 10, On January 18, In December 2008 Forero On March 10, 2004 Edilberto 2000 Juan it is learned that 2004 Carlos Sierra Ayala and Pablo Ortiz the investigation Journalist and Castaño, head of Juan Pablo Ortiz Agudelo was into the case was commentator the paramilitary Agudelo, alleged taken into reopened in June with radio United Self- perpetrators, custody as 2008, when the station Defense of were acquitted alleged Public Radionet, Colombia (AUC), for lack of perpetrator of Prosecutor’s Bogotá. was sentenced in evidence. the murder. Office ordered Humorist of absentia to 38 statements by Caracol TV. years in prison as On October 3, Francisco Enrique the mastermind of 2001 Edilberto Villalba August 13, the murder. Sierra Ayala Hernández and

26 1999 Castaño was was taken into Jorge Iván himself murdered. custody and Laverde Zapata, He was charged with a.k.a. El Iguano, heading in his aggravated and asked the car to the radio homicide. Both Justice and Peace station at dawn were put on trial Unit for the when two hit and acquitted. information in men on a which the latter motorcycle shot referred to Jaime and killed him. Garzón’s murder.

On July 7, 2008 testimony was taken in the Itagui Prison, with the attendance of the Public Prosecutor’s Office and the Civil Division. On August 21, 2008 the testimony was heard of Hever Veloza, a.k.a. HH, and on October 29, 2008 Luis Eduardo Cifuentes was ordered to testify a number of judicial inspections were requested.

The IAPA requested that the case be transferred to the Specialist Court, arguing that he was killed because of his work as a

27 journalist.

*The Specialist Court investigates crimes against humanity, terrorism, kidnapping, torture, forced exile, money laundering, genocide, aggravated homicide, violations of international laws on human rights, and disappearances, among others. Colombia Nelson Carvajal On December Fernando Bermúdez Marco Fidel Carlos Augusto In August 2008 Carvajal 15, 2000 the was ordered held in Collazos and Rojas Ortiz, the Public Specialized custody, where he Ramiro Falla president of the Prosecutor’s Journalist with Court of Neiva remained for 31 Cuenca, initially Huila Provincial Office asked the Radio Sur, acquitted months being linked to the Assembly, was Colombian Pitalito, Huila. Fernando released on his crime, were held released in Attorney General’s Bermúdez, the acquittal. in preventive December 2008 Office to request April 16, 1998 alleged custody, this after being in jail the Supreme mastermind; and Víctor Félix Trujillo order later being since August 26, Court to review As he was Víctor Félix and Alfonso Quintero overturned and 2008. the investigation getting on his Trujillo and Alvarado were they were into the journalist’s motorcycle Alfonso Quintero ordered held in released, the In August 2008 it murder, in which after coming Alvarado, custody and after investigations Geovanni Molano Fernando out of a school alleged being acquitted were against the two Bonilla, a.k.a. Bermúdez and of which he perpetrators. released. then ending. Oswaldo Patiño, Ramiro Falla were was the The Attorney and Franklin acquitted. Pending principal and General’s Office González Ramírez, resolution is a where he appealed the a.k.a. El Corcho, request for the taught a hit acquittal, which were charged with reversal of man shot him was upheld by rebellion and 1st testimony against seven times the Neiva degree homicide. Carlos Augusto and then fled District High Rojas and the

28 on a Court on April 8, Supreme Court’s motorcycle. 2001 “with the decision on clarification that whether it is the acquittal is in legitimate to order due to the review said clear process. demonstration of the innocence of On December 14, the accused.” 2005 representatives of the IAPA and the government began an “amicable agreement” process promoted by the IACHR.

On June 21, 2002 the case was submitted by the IAPA to the IACHR. Case No. 12.462.

Colombia Guzmán 2002: On January 8, Jorge Eliécer The IAPA in late Quintero Torres On March 13, 2002 the Espinel and March 2008 2002 Jorge Eliécer Valledupar Rodolfo Nelson requested that News editor of Espinel and Specialist Circuit Rosado soldiers belonging the newspaper Rodolfo Nelson Court acquitted to the Popa El Pilón in Rosado were Jorge Eliécer Battalion recently Valledupar, sentenced to 39 Espinel and arrested for the Cesar. years in prison. Rodolfo Nelson murder of Rosado, a Guzmán Quintero September 16, decision that Torres be 1999 was appealed questioned. The and overturned Public He was in a bar on March 13, Prosecutor’s with two 2002, when they Office reported colleagues were sentenced having received when a hit man to prison. statements from entered and seven persons,

29 shot him four with no known times. The hit result. man fled on a motorcycle. In December 2007 the Public Prosecutor’s Office had reported that the investigations to bring the masterminds to justice were continuing.

Colombia Guillermo Cano 1995: On July 30, Luis Molina Yepes Alvaro García Luis Molina In April 2008 it In October 1995 1996 the was freed in Saldarriaga and Yepes was learned that Editor of El Luis Carlos Molina sentences of September 2004 due Luis Eduardo remained on the Attorney Espectador, Yepes of the María Ofelia to a reduction of Osorio, alleged to the run since General’s Office Bogotá. Medellín Cartel Saldarriaga, sentence mechanism. be the perpetrators, being had formally was sentenced to Pablo Enrique He had served six were themselves sentenced in announced that it December 17, 16 years and 6 Zamora and years of his 16-year murdered before October 1995 was studying the 1986 months in prison. Carlos Martínez sentence. going on trial. until February possibility of He was sent to were 1997. reopening the Shortly after prison in February overturned. Pablo Escobar, investigation. 7:00 p.m. the 1997. head of the Medellín journalist was Cartel, was said to On February 20, traveling in his Also sentenced have ordered 1997 the IAPA mini-van when were María Ofelia Cano’s murder. He submitted the a hit man doing Saldarriaga, Pablo died on December case to the a U-turn Enrique Zamora 2, 1993 in a clash IACHR. Case No. approached his and Carlos with police. 11,728. vehicle and Martínez shot him eight Hernández, to 16 Luis Molina Yepes times in the years and 8 was arrested in chest with an months in prison. February 1997, automatic rifle. three weeks after The hit man the IAPA met with fled with officials to ask for another an investigation. individual on a motorcycle.

30 Colombia Carlos Lajud 1996: Johnny Alberto Alfonso Zapata Bernardo Hoyos, a During 2008 the Catalán On May 29, 1996 Merino Arrieta, was placed in priest and former investigation Johnny Alberto Eduardo Antonio preventive mayor of continued at the Journalist, Merino Arrieta, Campo Carvajal custody on June Barranquilla, preliminary stage. commentator Eduardo Antonio and Eliécer 30, 1999 for the alleged mastermind. In August a and producer of Campo Carvajal Peña Navarro alleged offense On June 5, 2002 the request was made the radio and Eliécer Peña were acquitted of aggravated Attorney General’s for the program Navarro were in a second homicide. On Office abandoned appointment of "Actualidad sentenced to 40 hearing in 1996. February 28, the investigation DIJIN officials to Deportiva" on years in prison. 2000 the order against him “in continue the Emisoras ABC, Alfredo de Jesús was overturned application of the ‘in inquiries. Also the Barranquilla, Liévano, alleged and he was dubio pro reo’ Human Rights Atlántico. perpetrator, was released. (deciding in favor of Unit asked the acquitted on the accused in Justice and Peace March 19, 1993 October 2, 2002 Alfredo de Jesús doubtful cases) as Unit to investigate by the Liévano Alcocer the evidence offered the paramilitaries At 7:15 a.m. as Barranquilla was placed in did not allow him to about the murder he was walking Specialist Court. preventive be directly and of Lajud Catalán, to the radio On October 6, custody on July without any doubt to with no result 5, 2000 for the station he was 2003 the be linked to the leading to the intercepted by acquittal was alleged offense crime investigated.” identity of those two gunmen, upheld by the of aggravated who carried out one of whom Barranquilla homicide. He the crime. shot him twice High Court. was later in the face. The acquitted and With the hit men robbed released. investigation him of papers reopened, on from his October 1, 2007 briefcase and and at the IAPA’s fled on a request the motorcycle. Attorney General’s Office overturned the suspension of the investigation that had been rapidly shelved in February 2006 and ordered new evidence to be sought.

On February 21,

31 2006 the investigation into this murder was halted.

In January 2006 the Attorney General’s Office agreed to work on this case.

On March 11, 1997 the IAPA submitted the case to the IACHR. Case No. 11.731. Colombia Ernesto Acero On June 14, Carlos Alberto On August 4, Cadena 2000 Juan Oviedo Alfaro, a 2008 for the first Carlos Henao former time the Public Journalist with Mosquera, congressman, Prosecutor’s the newspaper accused of alleged mastermind, Office reported El Informador being the is serving a 39-year that it had ordered Socioeconómic perpetrator, was prison term for other a legal review of o and of radio acquitted by the homicides. three cases with stations Armenia which former Modelar and Specialized congressman Súper in Circuit Criminal Carlos Albeerto Armenia, Court. The Oviedo Alfaro Quindío. He prosecution did appeared to be was also a not appeal the linked. psychiatrist. acquittal. The case reverted to In January 2006 December 12, the preliminary the Colombian 1995 stage. Attorney General’s Office agreed to A hit man work on this case. approached him two blocks from his home in downtown Armenia and

32 shot him three times, then fled. Colombia Hernando In August 2008 In December Rangel Moreno the Public 2008, two years Prosecutor’s after this Editor and Office ended the commitment, the owner of the investigation Public newspapers involving Fidias Prosecutor’s Sur 30 días, Zaider Ospino. Office reported Magdalena 30 that it is awaiting días and Fidias Zeider the end of the Región in El Ospino, former investigation in Banco, mayor, was held order to take Magdalena. in preventive decisions, after it custody on ended the April 11, 1999 January 6, 2000, investigation alleged to be the regarding He was on the mastermind. On defendant Fidias balcony of a March 10, 2000 Zeider Ospino neighbor’s the State Fernández in house watching Attorney’s Office August 2008. a boxing match overturned the when a man action and In 2006 the Public approached ordered his Prosecutor’s from behind immediate Office agreed to and shot him release. work on this case. four times in the head. The On July 3, 2000 gunman fled. the IAPA submitted the case to the IACHR, which asked for evidence that domestic legal resources had been exhausted. Colombia Elizabeth In October Obando 2004 the State Attorney’s Circulation Office ordered manager of El the arrest of

33 Nuevo Día in Gustavo the town of Bocanegra Roncesvalles, Ortegón, alias Ibagué, Tolima. Donald, saying he was the July 11, 2002 mastermind. Bocanegra is The bus she chief of the was traveling in Revolutionary to Armed Forces Roncesvalles, of Colombia together with a (FARC) in local official, Ibagué. was intercepted by members of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), who forced the two women to get out of the bus. They shot Obando and kidnapped the official, whose body was later found. Colombia Orlando Sierra 2002: Luis Tabares Luis Fernando Soto Ferney Tabasco, Hernández On May 8, 2002 Hernández and Zapata was released former Caldas Luis Fernando Luis Arley Ortiz from prison on congressman and Managing Soto Zapata was Orozco. September 30, 2007 politician, was editor of the sentenced to 19 after serving five called in October newspaper La years and 6 years of his sentence. 2006 to give Patria in months in prison He had received testimony in the Manizales, as a perpetrator. successive sentence case, but was Caldas. reductions and other never formally 2005: legal benefits. linked to the Attacked on On May 16, 2005 He was killed in a murder. January 30, Luis Tabares clash in July 2008 2002, he died Hernández, a.k.a. with police after

34 on February 1 Francisco Antonio holding up a merchant Quintero (alias in Cali. In front of his Tilín) and Luis daughter Arley Ortiz Orozco outside the (alias Pereque), newspaper were sentenced to offices a hit 28 years in prison man shot him as co-perpetrators, three times in said to have hired the head, the hit man who causing brain killed Sierra. injury. He was in a coma for 48 hours. The hit man was caught on a security camera at the scene. Colombia Freddy Elles 1997: Ahumada On December 18, 1997 a Cartagena Freelance district attorney photographer, charged Edgar he was a Antonio Matos with stringer for manslaughter and three he was later newspapers in convicted and Cartagena, sentenced by a Bolívar. Cartagena court.

March 18, 1997

He also drove a taxi cab, from which he was kidnapped by three men on March 17. His body, with signs of torture and several gunshot

35 wounds, was found the following day. Colombia Elsa Alvarado 2000: and Mario On November 21, Calderón 2000 sentenced were Juan Carlos A married González couple. Jaramillo, to 60 Researchers years in prison; with the Center Walter Josué for Research Alvarez Rivera, to and Popular 45 years, both as Education, perpetrators, and Bogotá. Vanderley Vargas García to 55 May 19, 1997 months and Gabriel Jaime Early in the Alvarez Paniagua morning armed to 20 months as men dressed in accomplices. black identifying themselves as members of the State Attorney’s Office but were believed to be paramilitaries burst into their apartment in Bogotá. They were killed, along with Carlos Alvarado Pantoja, Elsa’s father. Colombia Bernabé Cortés 2002: Julio César In 1998 Julio On May 2, 2002 Ospina Chavarro César Ospina Legal Julio César Ospina Chavarro was correspondent Chavarro was arrested and in

36 for Noticiero sentenced by the 2002 was CVN, Cali, Cali Specialized convicted and Valle del Circuit Criminal sentenced. Cauca. Court to 40 years in prison on May 19, 1998 charges of aggravated He was homicide and traveling in a illegal possession taxi when he of and trafficking in and the driver arms. were shot. Colombia Luis Alberto 2002: Orlando Sánchez On May 5, 2000 Rincón, owner On July 26, 2002 taken into and general Orlando Sánchez Gregorio Castillo preventive manager of (Camuro) and García custody was Producciones Gregorio Castillo José León Colombia Ltda García (Goyo), Morales López paramilitaries, (Chejo). Also in Alberto were sentenced by protective Sánchez, who the Bucaramanga custody at that worked at a Specialized Court time were local TV to 19 years in Orlando station. prison as Sánchez perpetrators. Calderón and Television Gregorio Castillo reporters. García, the two latter being later November 28, convicted and 1999 sentenced.

Their bodies were found at the side of a highway in El Playón, Bucaramanga, Santander.

One of the journalists had a gunshot

37 wound to the eye, another had been shot 10 times in the head. Colombia Efraín Alberto 2007: Andrés Darío Andrés Darío Varela On January 31, Cervantes Cervantes 2007 Andrés Darío Montoya Montoya, who had Editor and Cervantes been convicted of owner of radio Montoya (Chiqui) a other crimes, station paramilitary, was confessed to Meridiano 70, sentenced by the having Arauca, Arauca participated in the Antioquia. Specialized Court murder of the to 13 years and 5 journalist during June 28, 2002 months in prison testimony to a as perpetrator and judge of the As he traveled ordered to pay a Justice and Peace in Arauca in a fine of 300 Division of the car displaying minimum weekly Attorney General’s the radio’s logo wages on a charge Office. He claimed he was of homicide. he had been intercepted by carrying out a group of orders from armed men, paramilitary chief who ordered Félix Cruz Bata. him out of the vehicle and shot him twice in the back and neck. Two weeks earlier his name had appeared on a list of people declared to be “military objectives” by the paramilitary group United Self-Defenses of Colombia

38 (AUC). Colombia José Emeterio 2009: Two of the In April 2006 the The January 13, Rivas On January 13, accused – Attorney General”s 2009 conviction 2009 former Wolman Said Office charged also denied the Announcer and Barrancabermeja Sepúlveda Ríos paramilitary Bolmar right to house director of the mayor Julio César and Pablo Sepúlveda with arrest and also program Ardilla Torres was Emilio Quintero sedition, homicide parole, which “Investigation of convicted of Dodino, a.k.a. and illegal there will be no Corruption” aggravated Bedoya, who possession of arms. reduction in the aired by radio homicide and were Also accused was prison term in station Calor sentenced to 28 paramilitary former mayor Julio recognition of the Estéreo in years and four majors in Ardila, of having fact that the Barrancaberme months in prison. Barrancabermej “supported the accused did not ja, Santander. He must also pay a – had objectives” of collaborate with a fine of the requested extreme right-wing the prosecution. April 6, 2003 equivalent of 2,400 anticipated groups. But the He will only have legal salary sentence on investigation wound a right to appeal. He was amounts and 100 August 20, up finding him to be murdered more in 2008. the alleged Pablo Emilio together with a compensation to mastermind of the Quintero Dodino university the journalist’s In 2007 homicide. said that he was student; their family. paramilitary obeying orders bodies, Pablo Emilio On September 12, from the high showing Former politicians Quintero Dodino 2006 brought into command of the gunshot Fabio Pajón (Bedoya), who the investigation Self-Defenses of wounds, were Lizcano and had already and giving the Bolívar Central found in Abelardo Rueda been charged by testimony were Bloc. He Barrancaberme Tobón were also the District paramilitary chiefs confessed to ja. He had convicted of the Attorney’s Office Iván Roberto having received same crime and in April 2006 Duque, alias participated in the threats from received the same and convicted of Ernesto Baez, and journalist’s murder paramilitaries sentences. other crimes, Rodrigo Pérez during open that he had confessed to Alzate, alias Julián testimony to a sought to having carried Bolívar. In October judge of the interview. out the murder. of that year a District Attorney’s warrant was issued Office’s Justice for the arrest of the and Peace two. Division.

Colombia Martín La Rotta In May 2007 Prada was Duarte paramilitary Juan arrested in

39 Francisco Prada December 2007 Owner and Márquez confessed to and in August journalist of prosecutors in the 2008 requested radio station La Colombian Attorney the benefit of Palma Stereo General’s Office’s anticipated in San Alberto, Justice and Peace sentence. Cesar. Division that he had ordered the February 7, journalist’s murder. 2004 He was not sent to prison due to the At 12:35 p.m. demobilization two men agreements with the entered he paramilitaries. radio station Because he and stabbed confessed he was let him in the neck off lightly. and he later died from his injuries.

He had refused paramilitaries’ attempts at extortion, that he pay hush money, so as to be able to continue running his radio station. Colombia William Soto Found guilty was Cheng Miguel Angel Garcés Angulo, Journalist with and the sentence Telemar TV has been on station. He appeal since hosted the October 2006. program “Litoral Pacífico”, (Pacific Coast) in

40 Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca.

December 18, 2003

Two men riding a motorcycle in the streets of Buenaventura shot him four times at point- blank range as he was nearing the TV station. Colombia Gustavo Ruiz In June 2008 the On December 3 a Cantillo Public Prosecutor’s request was made Office ordered the through the Journalist with arrest of Ever Colombian consul Radio Galeón Mariano Ruiz Pérez, in Washington to in Pivijay, Saúl Severini have extradited Magdalena Caballero, Alberto paramilitary chief Province Enrique Martínez Rodrigo Tovar Macea, Norberto Pupo give November 15, Quiroga Poveda testimony. 2000 and Rodrigo Tovar Pupo, a.k.a. Jorge On November 19, Two men tailed 40. 2008 charges him at close were filed against quarters and Matias Macea, one of them with indication of shot him in the sentence sought, head from and these were behind. He had sent to the Santa exposed Marta Specialized activities of Criminal Court for armed gangs. sentence to be passed. Chile José Carrasco 2006: Alvaro Corbalán, Killed with the Tapia On September 29, Jorge Vargas journalist were 2006 sentenced Bories, Iván another three

41 International were Alvaro Quiroz Ruiz, persons, crimes editor of the Corbalán, former Pedro Guzmán for which the magazine chief of the Olivares, Gonzalo accused were also Análisis in Chilean Secret Maas del Valle, convicted and Santiago, Chile, Police (CNI), to 18 Krantz Bauer sentenced. and years in prison; Donoso, Jorge correspondent Jorge Vargas Jofré Rojas, Juan of the Mexican Bories and Iván Jorquera Abarzúa, newspaper Uno Quiroz Ruiz, to 13 Víctor Lara Más Uno. years; Pedro Cataldo, René Guzmán Olivares, Valdovinos September 8, Gonzalo Maas del Morales, Víctor 1986 Valle, Krantz Muñoz Orellana, Bauer Donoso, Eduardo Chávez Two armed Jorge Jofré Rojas Baeza, Carlos masked men and Juan Jorquera Fachinetti López burst into his Abarzúa, former and José home in police officers, to 8 Meneses Arcauz. Santiago early years, on charges in the morning of aggravated and, in front of homicide. Víctor his teenage Lara Cataldo, children, they René Valdovinos dragged him Morales, Víctor out and then Muñoz Orellana, drove him Eduardo Chávez away. Against a Baeza, Carlos wall at the local Fachinetti López cemetery he and José Meneses was shot 13 Arcauz were times. sentenced to 5 years and 1 day for their participation in the crime.

2007: On December 28, 2007 the Santiago Ninth Appeals Court upheld the sentences.

42 Costa Rica Parmenio 2007: On December Omar Cháves, In December 2007 Medina December 19, 19, 2007 given Luis Alberto Cháves and 2007 the Heredia the benefit of Aguirre Jaime and Calvo’s attorneys Radio producer Court sentenced doubt and thus Minor Calvo. appealed the and host of the businessman acquitted were sentences. “La Patada” Omar Cháves as John Gilberto program on the mastermind to Gutiérrez The trial was Radio 35 years in prison Ramírez, Danny regarded as the Monumental, and another 12 Smith Mata, longest in Costa Heredia. years for criminal Juan Ramón Rican legal deception; and Hernández history. It began July 7, 2001 Luis Alberto Pereira, Juan on December 6, Aguirre Jaime, Gabriel Carvajal 2005 and ended At 4:30 p.m. a.k.a. El Indio, as Angulo, Jorge on December 19, near the the perpetrator, to Castillo Sánchez 2007. entrance to his 30 years. and Randall home an González In October 2006 it individual shot Catholic priest García. was learned that him twice, in Minor Calvo was public prosecutor the face and also convicted and Giselle Rivera – body, then got sentenced on leading the in a car and December 19, prosecution in the fled. 2007 to 15 years case – had been on a charge of receiving threats. criminal deception, She was put resulting from under protection, denunciations as was public made by the prosecutor Miguel journalist. He was, Ramírez, also however, acquitted involved in the on a homicide case, as well as charge. 16 witnesses who had been intimidated. Dominican Johnny 2006: Octaviano Pérez It was initially held Republic Martínez In October 2006 Féliz, a police that the motive Octaviano Pérez officer, and was robbery of a Editor of the Féliz, a police Anthony cell phone and a magazine officer, and Candelario. pistol belonging to Equlibrio and Anthony the journalist, but producer of a Candelario were people close to television sentenced to 30 him have said that

43 program in San years in prison. he was believed to Cristóbal. have been killed for his exposure of April 13, 2006 corruption.

Around 5:00 p.m. he was intercepted by two men, who stabbed him 22 times. Dominican Juan Andújar 2007: Vladimir Pujols Republic On May 3, 2007 and Juan Ricardo Host of a sentenced were Muñoz program on Vladimir Pujols, Radio Azua, leader of a band of correspondent drug traffickers of Listín Diario (Los Zayayines), in Azua. to 30 years in prison and Juan September 14, Ricardo Muñoz 2004 (Ricardito), an accomplice, to 5 He was years. The attacked as he sentences were for was leaving the the murder of radio station. Andújar and the He was shot in injuries sustained the head. Also by Sención. injured was journalist Luis In late October Sención. 2007 appeals were thrown out, so the sentences remained in effect. Dominican Narciso On April 30, 2007 Republic González the reopening of the case was Reporter with announced. The the magazine Public Muralla and a Prosecutor’s university Office named

44 professor, in three prosecutors Santo to review the case Domingo. file.

Missing since May 26, 1994

He was detained and made to disappear by the military as he was leaving a movie theater. His whereabouts have remained unknown since. Dominican Luis Orlando 2000: Mariano Cabrera Luis Emilio de la Rosa On March 17, Republic Martínez On August 10, Durán, Rabel was released from 2008, members of 2000 Luis Emilio Lluberes Ricart prison in April 2007. the journalist’s Editor of the de la Rosa was and Joaquín family announced magazine sentenced to 10 Antonio Pou their intention to Ahora and years in prison. Castro. continue taking stringer for El legal action Nacional in 2007: against the Santo The Supreme alleged Domingo. Court on masterminds of December 19, the murder, March 17, 1975 2007 upheld the attributed to the maximum military hierarchy Around 7:30 sentences – 30 during the p.m. he left the years in prison – government of El Nacional that the San Pedro President Joaquin newsroom and de Macorís Balaguer. near the Santo Criminal Court had Domingo handed down on On December 19, Autonomous April 17, 2007 to 2007, after University he Mariano Cabrera remaining in the was shot to Durán and Rabel court archives for death. Lluberas Ricart. 32 years and 10 years after the

45 As an accomplice legal proceedings Joaquín Antonio had begun, the Pou Castro had Supreme Court been given a 20- finally closed the year prison case, ruling that sentence, which the matter had was increased by been tried the Supreme Court irrevocably and on December 19 there had been a to 30 years as co- conviction, thus perpetrator of the ratifying the murder. maximum sentences of three of the defendants.

On March 17, 1997 ordered held in custody were Rabel Lluberas Ricart, Joaquín Antonio Pou, Luis Emilio de la Rosa, Salvador Lluberes Montás and Isidoro Martínez. The latter two were excluded for health reasons.

That same year the extradition from New York of Mariano Cabrera Durán, also implicated in the murder, was requested. El Salvador Salvador On October 11, Sánchez 2007 José Roque Alfredo Hernández, a

46 Radio reporter gang leader, for Radio Mi was arrested Gente, YSUCA and charged and Maya with homicide. Visión.

September 20, 2007

Several individuals shot at him near his home on four occasions. Guatemala Irma Flaquer The murder was The IAPA insists said to have been that the Editorial masterminded in a Guatemalan assistant at the conspiracy among government must newspaper La the top echelons of continue the Nación in the military, police judicial Guatemala and government. investigations. City. She also held a number Three theories An amicable of public emerged: that it had agreement was offices. been guerrillas, reached with the Interior Minister government in October 16, Donaldo Alvarez 2001 that 1980 Ruiz, or the Army. consisted of compliance with At 7:30 p.m. a The first two 12 points, among number of men theories were them, moral and traveling in two discounted, financial vehicles although it is reparations to the intercepted the believed that the family and the car in which interior minister appointment of a she and her might have special prosecutor son Fernando information as to the to reopen the were riding. Her mastermind. investigation. son died in hospital from On March 11, his gunshot 1997 the IAPA wounds, while submitted the

47 she was case to the pushed into a IACHR. Case No. station wagon 11,766. that immediately fled the scene. Guatemala Jorge Carpio 1997: Juan Acabal . Marcelino Tuy Taniel A political-military On July 6, 2004 Nicolle Juan Acabal Patzán’s and Nazario Tuy conspiracy is the government of Patzán, a member conviction was Taniel had their suspected. Guatemalan Editor of the of the paramilitary overturned on sentences commuted President Oscar newspaper El Self-Defense Civil April 28, 1999. on April 28, 1999. Berger Gráfico, Patrols, was They were then acknowledged Guatemala sentenced to 30 released from prison. before the Inter- City. Journalist years in prison on American Human and politician. October 5, 1997. Juan Acabal Patzán Rights Court the The sentence was was released from government’s July 3, 1993 appealed. prison after his international sentence was responsibility in Around 8:45 On the same date overturned in 1999. the murder and p.m. more than also sentenced ordered financial 30 armed were brothers reparations to be masked men Marcelino and made to the ambushed the Nazario Tuy journalist’s family. convoy in which Taniel, to 5 years Carpio was in prison, On February 21, traveling on a commutable. 1997 the IAPA rural road in submitted Quiché. They observations to shot him four the IACHR on the times at point- case No.11.333, blank range. which had already They also killed been accepted by three of his the Commission. companions and then fled. Carpio died in a local hospital several hours later. Guatemala Miguel Ángel 2006: Marco Antonio Morales On September 20, Boche Galicia and Quiñónez 2006 the El José David

48 Progeso Criminal Morales Franco. Secretary Court sentenced general of the Marco Antonio National Press Boche Galicia to Circle, El 21 years in prison Progeso. and José David Morales Franco to September 28, 14 years for 2004 having committed the murder. He was traveling by road towards the Atlantic when at kilometer 35 he was stopped and shot at from another vehicle, killing him instantly. Haiti Jean Leopold On March 14, Dymsley On August 4, Dominique 2004 arrested Milien, Jeudy 2003 the Port-au- and implicated Jean-Daniel Prince Appeals Director of in the murder and Court ordered a radio station were Harold Markington new investigation. Haiti Inter, Port- Sevère, former Philippe au-Prince. deputy mayor of escaped from Port-au-Prince, jail. April 3, 2000 and Ostide Pétion. Around 6:00 a.m. he arrived On March 21, at the radio 2003 Judge station, its Berbard St-Vill security guard, formally issued Jean-Claude a homicide Louissaint, indictment and opened the ordered the main door and arrest of a man who had Dymsley Milien been prowling (Ti Lou), Jeudy

49 around pulled Jean-Daniel out a revolver (Guimy), and fired seven Markington times. The Philippe, Ralph journalist had Léger, Freud put on a Junior bulletproof vest, Demarattes and but a shot Ralph Joseph. penetrated his The latter three heart. The were released security guard from jail. was also killed. The journalist’s As for Dymsley wife, who also Milien, Jeudy worked at the Jean-Daniel and radio station, Markington found the two Philippe, they bodies. fled. Haiti Joseph Roche 2007: Alby Joseph and Wensley On August 30, Chéry Beaubrun. Boshomme, Cultural editor 2007 Alby Joseph (a.k.a. Zachary of Le Matin, and Chéry Acceda and Port-au-Prince. Beaubrun were Bertold), a sentenced to life gangster Kidnapped on imprisonment. suspected of July 10, 2005, participating in his body was the murder, was found on July arrested on 14. October 8, 2007.

He was driving in the city when he was kidnapped. His abductors demanded a $250,000 ransom. His body was found handcuffed and showing signs of torture and

50 several gunshot wounds. Haiti Brignol Lindor 2008: On December Joubert Saint- Lionel “Fritznel” Bony Dumay, a As of January On January 23, 12, 2007 Juste and Jean- Doudoute. former aide to the 2008 Maxi Reporter for 2008 Petit-Goâve acquitted were Rémy Petit-Goâve mayor, Zéphyr, Radio Echo court sentenced in Simon Cétoute, Démosthène. was believed to Bernard 2000, Petit- absentia Maxi who had been have called for Désamour, Goâve. Zéphyr, Bernard arrested by vengeance against Tiresias Désamour, mistake instead the journalist. (Téré), Fritznel December 3, Tiresias (Téré), of his son of the Duvergé, 2000 Fritznel Duvergé, same name and Mackenzi, Mackenzi, Belony who died that Belony Colin, A dozen people Colin and Fritznel year, and Lionel Fritznel killed him with Doudoute (Lionel “Fritznel” Doudoute stones and or Nènèl). The Doudoute, on a were at large machetes. seven were said to technicality, his despite the be members of the real name being fact that the military militia confused with court had set a Domi nan Bwa that of another deadline for (Sleep in the accused. This their Woods). latter could face surrender. trial as he was 2007: identified by an On December 12, eye-witness and 2007Joubert Saint- ended up being Juste and Jean- detained. Rémy Démosthène were sentenced to life imprisonment by a Petit-Goâve criminal court.

Haiti Alix Joseph On November A warrant has been 20, 2007 issued for the arrest Manager and Bernard Joseph, of Jerry Bien-Aimé. announcer at a suspect, was radio station taken into Radio-Télé in preventive Gonaïves. custody.

51 May 16, 2007 On July 13, 2007 Ramilien Around 9:30 Emmanuel (Ti p.m. two Nasson), a individuals gangster, was approached the taken into journalist, who preventive was sitting in a custody. car, and they shot him 11 times. Honduras Carlos Salgado On October 28, 2007 Germán Satirical David journalist, host Almendarez of the program Amador was “Frijol el arrested as a Terrible” (Bean suspect. the Terrible) at Radio Cadena Voces, Tegucigalpa.

October 18, 2007

As he was leaving the radio station in the evening two individuals shot him seven times and then fled in a car. Honduras Arístides Soto 2007: In 2005 Edgardo Edgardo Zúniga Alcerro On November 23, Zúniga and and Walter Urbina 2007 the San Walter Urbina Sports reporter Pedro Sula were acquitted. for Corporación Appeals Court Televicentro, overturned the Tegucigalpa. 2005 acquittal of Edgardo Zúniga

52 October 9, and Walter Urbina 2001 and sentenced them to 17 years Since October in prison. 5 he had been traveling to San Pedro Sula to cover a game of the national soccer team. On October 9 his body was found, with wounds to the head, in the basement of the Holiday Inn Hotel in San Pedro Sula. Mexico Víctor Manuel Marco Arturo As part of the Oropeza Salas Sánchez negotiations and Sergio between the IAPA Homeopathic Aguirre Torres and Mexican doctor. were detained authorities, a Reporter and as murder proposal for columnist for suspects. They compensatory Diario de were freed in damages in the Juárez, Ciudad February 1992 case was Juárez, after the requested. Chihuahua. Mexican National Human As of November July 3, 1991 Rights 2007 five Commission meetings of the He was at his claimed that Working Group doctor’s office they had had been held to at around 7:30 confessed under review the case p.m. when two torture. file. of four men who were in the Samuel de la In March 2004 the waiting room Rosa Reyes, IAPA and the entered the also an alleged Mexican office. After he murderer, as of government

53 struggled with December 2007 signed a follow-up the intruders remained in jail commitment to they stabbed in Texas for a review the case. him 14 times in different the stomach. homicide. On March 11, His body was 1997 the IAPA found at submitted the midnight by his case to the wife and a son. IACHR. Case No. 11,740. Mexico Héctor Félix 1989: Victoriano Medina As of November Miranda On August 23, Moreno and 2007 five 1989 Victoriano Antonio Vera meetings of the Journalist, co- Medina Moreno Palestina. Working Group editor of the was sentenced to had been held to weekly Zeta 27 years in prison. review the case and writer of file. the column "Un 1991: poco de algo" On March 27, In March 2004 the (A Little of 1991 Antonio Vera IAPA and the Something), Palestina was Mexican Tijuana, Baja sentenced to 25 government California. years. signed a follow-up commitment to April 20, 1988 review the case.

He was driving In January 2007 it his car at 9:15 was learned that a.m. on his way Vera Palestina, to work, he was under terms of the being followed old Penal Code, by a station could be released wagon and from prison before suddenly serving his full another vehicle sentence. blocked his path and one of On March 11, the occupants 1997 the IAPA shot twice at submitted the close range case to the from a rifle. IACHR. Case One of the No.11.739.

54 shots entered the left Journalistic shoulder and inquiries the other ripped implicated Jorge open his chest. Hank Ron, owner of a racetrack where Victoriano Medina and Antonio Vera worked as guards, but he was never investigated or involved in any legal proceedings. Mexico Philip True 2002: Juan Chivarra Juan Chivarra Juan Chivarra Juan Chivarra de On May 30, 2002 de la Cruz and de la Cruz and de la Cruz and la Cruz and Mexico the Jalisco Miguel Miguel Miguel Miguel Hernández correspondent Supreme Court Hernández de la Hernández de la Hernández de de la Cruz were of the Texas, overturned the Cruz were Cruz were sent la Cruz remain acquitted initially United States, 2001 acquittal and acquitted on to prison on at large. on August 3, newspaper San Juan Chivarra de August 3, 2001. December 31, 2001, a decision Antonio la Cruz and Miguel 1998. They were that was appealed Express-News. Hernández de la In February freed following by the Public Cruz were 2003 a federal their acquittal in Prosecutor’s His body was sentenced to 13 court overturned 2001, having Office to the found on years in prison. On the conviction been in prison Jalisco Supreme December 16, April 26, 2004 the handed down in for nearly three Court, which 1998. Jalisco Supreme 2002. years. overturned it on Court upheld the May 30, 2002 and On November conviction and handed down a 28, 1998 he increased the 13-year prison had begun a sentence to 20 sentence. In turn, 10-day tour of years for each of a federal court mountainous the accused and overturned the areas of awarded punitive sentence in Nayarit, damages. February 2003. Durango and Jalisco states However, on April to compile a 26, 2004 the report on the Jalisco Supreme Huichol Court held to its Indians. His ruling, increasing

55 body was found each of the on December accused’s prison 16, 1998 in an term to 20 years area of the and ordering Sierra Madre payment of Occidental financial mountains. reparations. Mexico Benjamín 2001: Jorge Pacheco Luis Enrique The murder charge Warrants were Flores On May 2, 2001 Reyes and Miguel Rincón Muro against Jaime issued for the Jorge Pacheco Vidal Zamora was accused González Gutiérrez, arrest of José Founder, editor Reyes and Miguel and arrested as the alleged Francisco and owner of Vidal Zamora Lara the perpetrator. mastermind, was Benavides the newspaper were sentenced to He was freed on dropped in January Avila, Arsenio La Prensa, San 25 years in prison. July 16, 2004 1998 lack of Pérez Losada Luis Río because of evidence. and Carlos Colorado, contradictions in Pacheco Sonora. the evidence García, against him alleged to July 15, 1997 (reasonable have taken doubt). He part in the He was walking remained in ambush of the to the paper prison for some journalist. By when a man seven years. July 2007 they who got out of had not been a moving Miguel Vidal arrested. pickup truck Zamora Lara fired at him, was held in then went back custody as the to the truck to alleged get a pistol to perpetrator. He finish him off was released in with three more 1998 and shots to the exonerated of head. He then the charges of fled with three complicity in the other murder. individuals. Gabriel González Gutiérrez, the alleged mastermind,

56 was extradited in April 2006 from the United States, where he was serving sentence for drug trafficking. He was jailed in accused of murdering the journalist. By July 2007 he had not yet been tried. Mexico Francisco Ortiz Those allegedly As of October Franco involved: Jorge 2007 no one had Briceño López (El been brought to Publisher of the Cholo), Jorge trial. However, it weekly Zeta, Eduardo Ronquillo was learned that Tijuana, Baja Delgado (El Niño) members of California. and Arturo Villareal Tijuana cartel Heredia (El Nalgón). (Francisco Javier June 22, 2004 The Mexican Arellano Félix and Attorney General Arturo Villarreal He was shot in blamed the murder Heredia), full daylight. He on the Arellanos’ confessed in the was heading cartel. United States to home with his having been two young involved in a children when number of some gunmen murders. approached his car and shot On August 15, him in the head 2004 the Mexican and neck. Attorney General’s Office brought the case to federal jurisdiction.

The drug traffickers belonging to the

57 Arellanos’ cartel were said to have been upset by a published report by Ortiz in which he identified 71 members of that criminal organization. Mexico Gregorio 2008: On December Abel Enríquez Antonio Frausto In early April 2008 Rodríguez On March 31, 20, 2006 Zavala, Pedro Ocampo, alleged the journalist’s Hernández 2008 Judge Daniel acquitted were Salas Franco, drug baron in widow, María Armenta Rentaría brothers Ulises Francisco Pineda Esquipulas, was Teresa González News sentenced the and Abraham Sarmiento and said to be the Mallorquín, filed photographer of former chief of Ernesto Elías Alvarez instigator of the notice of appeal the newspaper Public Security in Cedano, said to González murder. on the grounds El Debate in Escuinapa, Abel be the that the sentences Mazatlán Enríquez Zavala, perpetrator and were too light and to 11 years and accomplice, a mockery for the November 28, five months in respectively. family. 2004 prison on a charge of complicity in A number of homicide. unidentified persons arrived That same day at a small also sentenced, to restaurant 11 years, 11 where he was months and 18 dining with his days’ young children. imprisonment were One of the men Pedro Salas shot him in the Franco “El head and neck Cabezón at point-blank (Bighead), range. Francisco Pineda Sarmiento “El Gordo” (Fatty) and Elías Alvarez González, also known as Benjamín Contreras 58 Hernández, “El Benja” (Benjie), on a charge of homicide. They have filed notice of appeal of sentence. Mexico Alfredo The Mexican The case was Jiménez Mota Attorney General’s taken up at the Office pointed to federal level by Reporter for the Raúl Enrique Parra, the Mexican newspaper El a drug trafficker Attorney General’s Imparcial in killed in November Office, although Hermosillo, 2005, as one of the by late 2007 the Sonora. A suspects in Jiménez results of the specialist in Mota’s investigation were public safety disappearance. still unknown. and drug trafficking issues.

He has been missing since April 2, 2005.

That day he phoned a colleague with whom he was to meet later and told him he had a brief appointment with one of his contacts and they would see each other after that. His whereabouts have remained unknown since then.

59 Mexico Amado In April 2007 In January 2008 it Ramírez Genaro was learned that Dillanes Vásquez Durán the National and Leonel Human Rights Reporter for Bustos Muñoz Commission Televisa were arrested (CNDH) had television and for their alleged denounced host of the involvement in irregularities in the news program the murder. investigation, “Al Tanto” (In During a court among them the Picture) on hearing on failure to Radiopanoram November 14, incorporate the a, Acapulco, 2007 an eye- previous inquiries, Guerrero. witness failed to the mishandling of identify Vásquez expert evidence April 6, 2007 Durán as one of resulting from the gunmen. identikit pictures, In the evening, and after finishing inconsistencies his radio and manipulation program he got of testimonial in his car and evidence. The an individual Commission approached claimed that the him and shot accused had been him at least “victims of twice through physical and the left window. mental torture.” The assailant fled in a car. Mexico Roberto On April 20, Antonio 2007 Ignacio Mancilla Flores Montiel, Herrera alleged mastermind, and Columnist for Wallas the newspapers Hernández Cuarto Poder Santos, an and Es! He was accomplice, also press chief were arrested of the state on grounds they Agrarian probably

60 Reform participated in Ministry, Tuxtla the crime. Gutiérrez, Chiapas. Salvador Verde Gracián, alleged February 1, perpetrator, is in 1993 prison for other homicides. His body was found on the morning of February 2 on the passenger seat of a vehicle parked outside a park. He had two wounds from a 45-caliber gun, a weapon used by the Agrarian Reform Ministry, where he also worked. The investigations indicated that he might have been killed the night before, at around 10:30 p.m. Mexico Adolfo Sánchez 2007: On December Guzmán On December 18, 18, 2007 Julían 2007 the Pacho Rosas Radio reporter Viejo Criminal Palestino, of Xhora Court judge brother of the Stereo, stringer sentenced Juan man convicted, for Web sites Carlos Rosas alleged to be the EnlaceVeracruz Palestino, as co-perpetrator, 212.com.mx perpetrator, to 23 was acquitted and Orizaba en years in prison and for lack of

61 Vivo, Veracruz. the payment of evidence. reparations November 30, amounting to 2006 73,296 pesos (some $7,000). His body, along with that of his friend César Manuel López, was found on a pathway near the Blanco River in Nogales, Veracruz, with signs of gunshot wounds and torture. Nicaragua Carlos 2004: On February 29, 2008 Guadamuz On April 19, 2004 William Hurtado William Hurtado García was granted Host of the García was house arrest. He was program sentenced to 21 released from prison "Dardos al years in prison. He for humanitarian Centro" (Darts was also convicted reasons due to his to the Bullseye) of the attempted poor health. on Canal 23 TV murder of the in Managua. journalist’s son.

February 10, 2004

Just a few yards from the entrance to Canal 23, a hit man approached him and shot him at point- blank range five

62 times. The journalist was accompanied by his 16-year- old son Selín, who was unhurt. The killer was held by employees of the TV station and the son at the scene. Nicaragua María José 2005: Eugenio As of February 10, Bravo On January 26, Hernández 2009 the Supreme 2005 Eugenio González Court was said to Correspondent Hernández be ready to make of newspapers González, a a decision on La Prensa and former mayor, was whether to regard Hoy, Juigalpa, sentenced to 25 Hernández Chontales. years in prison. González to have been guilty of the November 9, lesser charge of 2004 manslaughter, which carries a As he was lower penalty of reporting on 12 years’ and conversing imprisonment, and with members as he has served of the two some of the political parties original sentence contesting the he could now be results of released. municipal elections a man In March 2008 the approached Supreme Court him and shot Criminal Bench him. Right discussed the away a former prisioner’s appeal. local mayor The debate gave who previously rise to a strong had criticized controversy when

63 the journalist the newspaper La for his Prensa reported coverage was that for political arrested. reasons a ruling was being hatched that would be to the benefit of the accused. Presumably there was an intention to reduce the charge from murder to manslaughter, which would carry a lighter sentence and lead to his early release The court’s presiding judge, Armengol Cuadra, confirmed the report and suspended the sentence. Paraguay Salvador 2001: Milcíades Maylin Claudio Bareiro Milcíades Medina In October 2001 López, Mirta Maylin was at Velásquez Milcíades Maylin Miranda, Rolando large in 2005, was sentenced to Miranda Martínez, and was later Chairman of 25 years in prison. Pablo Quiñones recaptured the board of Torres and brothers and community Alfredo and Gilberto transferred on radio station Salinas, allegedly November 15, FM Ñemity and implicated. 2005 to the a teacher in Emboscada Capiibary, San maximum Pedro. security prison. January 5, 2001

Around 8:00

64 p.m. he was riding a motorcycle with his brother along a desolate road when suddenly a masked man appeared and shot him at point-blank range. The brother escaped unhurt. Paraguay Santiago The first judge in the The case went Leguizamón case ordered 14 before four judges persons accused of before being Owner of ZP 31 having carried out shelved in 2002. Radio or being Mburucuyá in accomplices in the On January 19, Pedro Juan crime to go on trial. 2007 the IAPA Caballero, submitted the Amambay; The list was later case to the correspondent reduced to two IACHR. Case of the Asunción masterminds and No.P-66-07. newspaper four perpetrators: Noticias, and José Aparecido de publisher of the Lima (Ze Lima), magazine himself murdered in Mburucuyá June 1992; José Revista. Francisco Araulho (Tiro Certo), Bras April 21, 1991 vas de Moura and José Paulo dos Around 12:15 Santos Galdinho p.m. he was (Paulao). They were driving with said to have been another person hired by Daniel to a restaurant Alvares Georges to celebrate and Luis Henrique Journalist Day Rodríguez Georges

65 when he was (Tulú). shot at from None was weapons of convicted. different calibers from Former Paraguayan another vehicle President Andrés in which three Rodríguez and people were prominent traveling. businessmen in the border area have been linked to the crime. Peru Alberto Rivera 2006: In June 2008 the Lito Fasabi On October 14, Fernández On February 7, Supreme Court Pizango, Alex 2008 Luis Valdez 2006 Martín Flores overturned the Ventura Pandero, was arrested and Host of the and Roy Culqui acquittal of Martín Flores, Roy taken to Lima on a program were sentenced as Mayor Luis Culqui, Erwin charge of money "Transparencia masterminds to 25 Valdez Villacorta Pérez Pinedo, laundering. ”, on radio years in prison and and ordered a Angel Mendoza Frecuencia Erwin Pérez new trial. Also to and Tercero On April 3, 2008 Oriental in Pinedo, an be tried is Solio Gonzales. State Attorney Pucallpa, intermediary, and Ramírez Garay. Pablo Sánchez Coronel Angel Mendoza, Velarde asked the Portillo. co-perpetrator, to On November Supreme Court to 30 years. Tercero 14, 2007 were declare null and April 21, 2004 Gonzales, acquitted Luis void the trial in intermediary, was Valdez which Luis Valdez He was given a 10-year Villacorta, the and Solio Ramírez heading home sentence. mayor of Garay were in the afternoon Coronel Portillo, acquitted. when he was 2007: and Solio intercepted by On November 14, Ramírez Garay, On November 19, two men who 2007 Lito Fasabi former chief 2007 the Office of shot him twice Pizango was judge of the Civil Control of the at point-blank sentenced to 35 Division of the Judiciary (OCMA) range. years in prison as Uscayali High held that the perpetrator and Court, who had Criminal Division Alex Ventura been accused of of the Ucayali Panduro to 20 being the High Court had years as an masterminds. not complied with intermediary. the legal norms and the deadlines

66 for holding hearings in the trial of the alleged masterminds. According to the OCMA the trial should have been annulled. The Supreme Court ruled in June 2008, overturning the acquittals and ordering a new trial. Peru Antonio de la 2005: On June 13, Antenor Figueroa On September Torre Echandía On December 14, 2008 the Mejía reports each 18, 2007 David 2005 sentenced Ancash High month to the court to Julca Orrillo, Reporter for a were Amaro León Court acquitted confirm his presence alleged to be news program León, former Moisés Julia in the city. one of the broadcast by mayor, Orillo of the perpetrators, Radio Orbita, mastermind; charge of was arrested. Yungay, Antonio Torre murder. Yungay Camones, main province, accomplice, and On July 20, Ancash. Pedro Angeles 2006 the Figueroa, Criminal Division February 14, perpetrator, to 17 of the Supreme 2004 years in prison and Court payment of overturned the After leaving a financial conviction of social event reparations Amaro León late at night he amounting to León, Antonio was stabbed some $ 6,000. Torre Camones and beaten on and Pedro various parts of On the same date Angeles the body by two Antenor Figueroa Figueroa. assailants. Mejía was Before dying of sentenced to 4 his wounds the years house following dawn arrest, with the he identified stipulation he one of his report monthly to

67 attackers. the court. Peru Miguel Pérez 2008: Juan Hurtado On April 25, Sabino The trial of Elvia Julca On April 16, 2008 Vásquez 2007 Dilmer Sánchez Mendoza Linares the Jaén Court Cabad Atreaga, Ayala, a.k.a. and Dilmer Host of the sentenced Juan Nazario Coronel also allegedly “Chino Ayala” Cabada Arteaga program “El Hurtado Vásquez involved in the (Ayala the was scheduled for Informativo del to 27 years in murder, was Chinaman), April 22, 2008. Pueblo” (News prison as the arrested. alleged co- of the Town) on mastermind of the perpetrator, is Radio Exitos in crime and Nazario Also in custody at large. Jaén, Coronel, alias is Elvia Cajamarca. “Chamaya,” to 19 Mendoza years as co- Linares, said to March 17, 2007 perpetrator of the have provided murder. Both are the weapons He was appealing and heading home sentence. transportation to with his wife the murderers. and two The Court ordered children at night payment of when two men reparations riding a amounting to motorcycle shot 35,000 new soles him in the (approximately head. His $12,500). family witnessed the attack. They were unhurt. Peru Hugo Bustíos 2008: Víctor La Vera In early March Saavedra On September 3, Hernández and 2008 the sentence 2008 the 2nd Amador Vidal was under appeal. Correspondent Criminal Court of Sanbento. of the the Supreme Court magazine upheld the Caretas in October 2, 2007 Huanta, sentence. It also Ayacucho; increased the director of radio amount of stations Radio reparations to the Amauta and family members Huanta 2000 from 50,000 new

68 and president soles ($15,000) to of the Huanta 100,000 new soles branch of the ($30,000). National Association of 2007: Journalists. On October 2, 2007 the National November 24, Criminal Court 1988 sentenced Major Víctor La Vera As he was Hernández, riding on a mastermind, to 17 motorcycle with years in prison, a colleague and Lieutenant military men in Colonel Amador civilian clothes Vidal Sanbento, shot at them. perpetrator, to 15 They both fell years for the to the ground murder and the wounded and a attempted murder military man of journalist came up to Eduardo Rojas Bustíos and Arce, who was placed an accompanying explosive Bustíos. device on his body that he The court also then detonated. ordered payment of reparations amounting to $15,000.

United Chauncey Devaughndre Shortly before his States Bailey Broussard, aged death Bailey was 19, was arrested investigating the Editor of the on August 7, local business weekly Oakland 2007. He Your Black Muslim Post, Oakland, confessed to the Bakery and its California. crime, but later founder, Yusuf retracted. The Bey IV, believed trial of the to be involved in alleged extortion, fraud,

69 August 2, 2007 perpetrator was murders and expected to be kidnappings. Around 7:30 held before the a.m. as he was summer of heading to the 2008. newspaper a masked man dressed in dark clothing shot him twice, fatally wounding him. The murderer then fled on foot. Venezuela Mauro Marcano On March 5, 2007 Ceferino Columnist of El García, alleged Oriental and mastermind, host of a news was arrested. program on He is being held Radio Maturín at Monagas in Maturín, Penitentiary Monagas; he while the was also a city investigation councilman. continues under way. September 1, 2004

A group of unidentified assailants shot him in the head and leg outside his home.

70