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Propagation Studies in Smilax Fluminensissteud. (Smilacaceae)

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Propagation Studies in Smilax Fluminensissteud. (Smilacaceae) Ciência1762 Rural, Santa Maria, v.41, n.10, p.1762-1768, out, 2011Soares et al. ISSN 0103-8478 Propagation studies in Smilax fluminensis Steud. (Smilacaceae) Estudos de propagação em Smilax fluminensis Steud. (Smilacaceae) Anielca Nascimento SoaresI Ana Dionísia da Luz Coelho NovembreII Aline Redondo MartinsI Sônia Maria de Stefano PiedadeIII Beatriz Appezzato-da-GlóriaI* ABSTRACT atendimento da demanda e apontar propostas para o seu manejo sustentável. Foram analisados a porcentagem de germinação Smilax L. species, popularly known in Brazil as de sementes, o enraizamento de estacas de ramos aéreos e salsaparrilha, have been used in folk medicine as tonic against subterrâneos e o acompanhamento ao longo de um ano da rheumatism and as anti-syphilitic since the sixteenth century; capacidade de rebrotamento das plantas após a retirada dos however, until today, their roots have been explored in an ramos aéreos. As sementes foram submetidas às temperaturas: extractive way. The aim of this study was to analyze the 25, 30, 20-30 e 20-35ºC, sob fotoperíodo diário de oito horas e propagation of Smilax fluminensis aiming to meet the demand na ausência de luz. Para o enraizamento de estacas, foram and to propose procedures for its sustainable management. It utilizados ramos aéreos e subterrâneos com aproximadamente was analyzed the percentage of seed germination, rooting of 20cm com duas regiões nodais submetidas ao tratamento com aerial and subterranean stem cuttings and plant resprouting água destilada (controle) e com ácido indolbutírico (AIB) a capacity after removal of the shoots. The monitoring lasted one 100ppm. As melhores porcentagens de germinação obtidas para year. Seeds were subjected to temperatures: 25°C, 30°C, 20- S. fluminensis, 80% em 20-30ºC no claro e 85% a 30ºC no 30°C and 20-35°C under a daily photoperiod of eight hours and escuro. Apenas as estacas de ramos subterrâneos enraizaram, in the absence of light. For rooting the stem cuttings, aerial and houve diferença significativa em relação à massa fresca e seca subterranean stems about 20cm long with two nodal regions de raízes com valores maiores nos tratamentos com hormônio were subjected to treatment with distilled water (control) and em relação ao controle. indolbutyric acid (IBA) at 100ppm. The best germination percentages obtained for S. fluminensis were 80% at 20-30ºC Palavras-chave: estacas, salsaparrilha, rebrotamento, under light and 85% at 30ºC in the dark. Only subterranean germinação de sementes stem cuttings showed significant difference concerning fresh and dry matter of roots with higher values in treatments with hormone compared to the control. INTRODUCTION Key words: cuttings, greenbrier, resprouting, seed germination Propagation of medicinal species is of great importance, because as cultivation is increased, extraction RESUMO is discouraged, thereby promoting the sustainable As espécies do gênero Smilax L., conhecidas management of these species (MARONI et al., 2006). popularmente como salsaparrilha, são empregadas na medicina There are few research studies on methods of cultivation popular como fortificante contra o reumatismo e antissifilítico of medicinal plants (BITENCOURT et al., 2009). Smilax desde o século XVI, porém até hoje as suas raízes são exploradas de maneira extrativista. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a L. species, popularly known in Brazil as salsaparrilha, propagação de Smilax fluminensis visando a auxiliar no have been used in folk medicine as tonic against IDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. *Autor para correspondência. IIDepartamento de Produção Vegetal, ESALQ, USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. IIIDepartamento de Ciências Exatas, ESALQ, USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. Received 10.26.10 Approved 04.28.11 Returned by the authorCiência 09.12.11 Rural, v.41, n.10, out, 2011. CR-4311 Propagation studies in Smilax fluminensis Steud. (Smilacaceae). 1763 rheumatism and as anti-syphilitic since the sixteenth light, four replicates of 25 seeds were sown. The century (PIRES, 1984). The most common substances germination was evaluated at intervals of seven days, found in the genus are flavonoids, phenolic acids (XU et recording normal and abnormal seedlings and non- al., 2005) and saponins (SHU et al., 2004). The use of germinated seeds (BRASIL, 2009). The ratings were roots and even until today the process of collecting them calculated based on percentages of normal seedlings is through extraction, studies on their propagation have (germination) (MAGUIRE, 1962). become necessary. Tetrazolium test: At the end of the experiment, There are no studies on rooting of cuttings in all non-germinated seeds from each temperature were Smilax species, but regarding seed germination there evaluated regardless of whether light or dark condition. are few species studied and the tested variables are very They were sectioned longitudinally to verify the presence distinct making it difficult to establish a comparative or absence of the embryo. The seeds in which a normal- analysis of responses (HOLM, 1890; ANDREATA & appearing embryo was observed were submitted to PEREIRA, 1990; SANTOS et al., 2003; PALHARES et al., tetrazolium test (BRASIL, 2009) to determine their viability. 2009; MARTINS, 2009). In that test, immediately following the longitudinal Smilax fluminensis Steud. was chosen for section, the seeds were placed into a small plastic cup the study because presents a wide geographical containing 1% tetrazolium and kept at 30ºC for 24 hours, distribution (ANDREATA, 1997), high capacity to form then the seeds are classified in viable and non viable shoots in field and primary branches underground. seeds. Besides seeds viability, it was also determined the Therefore, it is a promising species for cultivation to meet embryoless seeds and those infected by fungi. the demand from the pharmaceutical industry and to Rooting of stem cuttings: the collection of propose sustainable management practices of this aerial and subterranean branches from adult plants of species in areas of natural occurrence as a form of species S. fluminensis took place in May 2008 at the Ecological conservation. The aim of this study was to analyze the Station Itirapina-SP as described in the next item. The seed germination rate, rooting of cuttings of aerial and samples was identified and incorporated into the underground branches and to monitor over a year the Herbarium ESA under number 107633. Fifty stem resprouting capacity of plants after removal of the aerial cuttings of about 20cm long with two nodal regions shoots. deriving from aerial and subterranean branches were made. Twenty-five cuttings were treated with distilled MATERIAL AND METHODS water (control) and the remainder with butyric acid (IBA) at 100ppm. The basis of cuttings was soaked Seed collection: Ripe fruits of Smilax overnight in the solution. Then, these cuttings were fluminensis Steud. were collected randomly aiming to planted upright in plastic bags with sand, and taken to gather the largest possible number of individuals within a greenhouse where they were irrigated manually every each population, thus, ensuring genetic variability. Fruits other day. One year after planting, the experiment was were collected in April 2008 in Itirapina, Assis, Franca, evaluated considering the following variables: Anhembi, all located in the state of São Paulo. After percentage of rooted cuttings alive, percentage of dead natural drying of fruits, seeds were extracted manually. cuttings, number of roots and shoots per cutting, Seed germination: To assess germinability number of leaves, length of the shoot and of the three seeds were evaluated at constant temperatures of 25ºC largest roots, fresh and dry matter of roots. It was also and 30ºC and alternate temperatures ranging from 20- performed free hand cuts of stem cuttings and carried 30°C and 20-35°C under dark conditions and light out a reaction with Lugol to detect starch (BERLYN & exposure with a photoperiod of eight hours, being the MIKSCHE, 1976). light provided by white fluorescent light bulbs, what Resprouting capacity in field: at the supplied an irradiance of 40.32mol m-2s-1. Petri dishes Ecological Station Itirapina-SP, five plots (areas) over a were inserted inside a colorless gerbox container for the stretch that follows the riparian vegetation were selected. experiments in light and a black gerbox container for those For each plot, four plants after removing the subterranean in the dark. The seeds under dark condition were and aerial stems were monitored for over 12 months to monitored with a green safety light (AMARAL-BAROLI assess their ability to resprout. Part of these stems was & TAKAKI, 2001). For the germination test, it was used used to install the abovementioned experiment. plastic boxes (11cm long and 3cm high) containing 292g Observations began in May 2008 and plants were of sterilized sand as substrate, moistened with 45ml of monitored monthly regarding the number of new shoots water, representing 60% of the water retention capacity formed, branch length and number of leaves on these by the sand. For each combination of temperature and new branches. Obtained results are illustrated in graph. Ciência Rural, v.41, n.10, out, 2011. 1764 Soares et al. Statistical design and analysis: for the Table 1 - Germination percentage for seeds of Smilax experiment of rooting stem cuttings the statistical
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