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Streams, Hong Kong Topography Is Charac
Odonatologica 26(2): 193-204 June I. 1997 The odonate faunas from two HongKong streams, with details of site characteristics and developmentalthreats* K.D.P. Wilson 6F, 25 Borrett Road, Mid Levels, Hong Kong Received August 1, 1996 / Reviewed and Accepted September 7, 1996 the A large number of streams throughout territory ofHong Kong were sampled for larvae between 1991 and 1995. Streams in 2 locations found dragonfly were to sup- port extremely diverse and abundant populations of gomphids and macromiines. The site details and characteristics of these 2 stream localities at Sha Lo Tung and Tai Tong are described together with information on all odon. spp. found at these sites. The odon. populations of both sites are important internationally and are threatened by brief of threats is developmental pressures. A account these provided. INTRODUCTION 2 Hong Kong has a land area of 1092 km comprised ofthe New Territories, Hong Island and 230 smaller islands. is charac- Kong Island, Lantau over Its topography volcanic mountains with lowland rivers of terised by steep granitic and no any size. There few bodies with the of significant are permanentwater exception man- made reservoirs. Eighty percent of the 2-2.5 metres of annual rainfall falls in the hot wet season from May to September. The mountain areas are now relatively undisturbed when compared with neighbouring Guangdong, but most have lost theiroriginal forest cover. Hong Kong is located in the eastern extremity oftropical China.The latitudeofHong Kong is 22°N. Despite cool winters, the insect faunaof Hong Kong is dominated by tropical species. The odonates are no exception and less than 6% of species recorded from the territory have Palaearctic origins. -
Anti‑Metastatic Effect of Smilax China L. Extract on MDA‑MB‑231 Cells
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS 11: 499-502, 2015 Anti‑metastatic effect of Smilax china L. extract on MDA‑MB‑231 cells KYOUNG JIN NHO, JIN MI CHUN and HO KYOUNG KIM Herbal Medicine Resources Group, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea Received August 23, 2013; Accepted March 17, 2014 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2698 Abstract. Cancer metastases are not always cured by contribute to the majority of breast cancer-associated mortali- chemotherapy. Conventional and alternative drugs, including ties (1). Chinese herbal remedies, have been developed to target meta- Metastasis is a series of events that involves the detachment static cancer cells. Smilax china L. (SCL), a member of the of tumor cells from the primary tumor site, their adhesion, Smilacaceae family, exerts anti‑inflammatory, detoxification migration and invasion into blood or lymphatic vessels and and anti-cancer effects. However, the effect of SCL on breast their interaction with target tissues. The invasion of tumor cancer cell metastasis and the underlying mechanisms are yet cells into target tissues results in the formation of secondary to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate the tumors (2,3). These events occur repeatedly during tumor effect of a SCL ethanol extract (SCLE) on the proliferation invasion, and perturbation of the adhesiveness and motility and migration of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells, of tumor cells and their invasion into target tissues has been as well as the expression of urokinase plasminogen activator proposed as a method of preventing cancer progression (4,5). (uPA), uPA receptor (uPAR) and tissue inhibitors of metal- Plants are valuable sources of natural therapeutic loproteinases (TIMPs). -
Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024
Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 ©Anthony Sun June 2021 (Mid-term version) Prepared by WWF-Hong Kong Mai Po Nature Reserve Management Plan: 2019-2024 Page | 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 Regional and Global Context ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.2 Local Biodiversity and Wise Use ................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Geology and Geological History ................................................................................................................. 10 1.4 Hydrology ................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.5 Climate ....................................................................................................................................................... 10 1.6 Climate Change Impacts ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.7 Biodiversity ................................................................................................................................................ -
Der Larven Von Macromia Splendens (Pictet) (Anisoptera: Macromiidae) 15-30 ©Ges
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Libellula Jahr/Year: 1999 Band/Volume: 18 Autor(en)/Author(s): Leipelt Klaus Guido, Jökel Ilona, Schrimpf Thomas, Schütte Carsten, Suhling Frank Artikel/Article: Untersuchungen zur Habitatwahi der Larven von Macromia splendens (Pictet) (Anisoptera: Macromiidae) 15-30 ©Ges. deutschspr. Odonatologen e.V.; download www.libellula.org/libellula/ und www.zobodat.at Libellula 18(1/2): 15-30 1999 Untersuchungen zur Habitatwahi der Larven von Macromia splendens (Pictet) (Anisoptera: Macromiidae) Klaus Guido Leipelt, Ilona Jökel. Thomas Schrimpf, Carsten Schütte und Frank Suhling eingegangen: 25. November 1998 Summary Habitat selection o f Macromia splendens (Pictet) (Macromiidae) - In July 1998 we studied larval habitats and behaviour of Macromia splendens at the Gardon de Mialet (France). Penultimate instar larvae were found in deep, calm sections of the river close to large rocks. In each case the bottom substratum was sand sometimes covered with leaf debris. Despite of intense search the habitats of smaller instars remained unknown to us. In substratum selection experiments the larvae preferred leaf detritus on sand rather than bare sand or stones on sand and shaded substrata rather than those exposed to the sun. In the experiments the larvae were inactive during the day whereas they changed their places during the night. Substratum selection, low activity and burrowing behaviour are interpreted as anti-predator behaviour. Zusammenfassung Im July 1998 führten wir am Gardon de Mialet (Frankreich) Unter suchungen zum Habitat und Verhalten der Larven von Macromia splendens durch. Larven im vorletzten Stadium hielten sich m tiefen, strömungs beruhigten Bereichen in der Nähe großer Felsen auf. -
Distinguishing Smilax Glabra and Smilax China Rhizomes by Flow-Injection Mass Spectrometry Combined with Principal Component Analysis
Acta Pharm. 68 (2018) 87–96 Original research paper https://doi.org/10.2478/acph-2018-0003 Distinguishing Smilax glabra and Smilax china rhizomes by flow-injection mass spectrometry combined with principal component analysis JIAN LIANG1 Flow-injection mass spectrometry (FIMS) coupled with a 1 MENG ZHOU chemometric method is proposed in this study to profile LIN-YU LI1 JI-CHENG SHU1 and distinguish between rhizomes of Smilax glabra (S. gla- YONG-HONG LIANG1 bra) and Smilax china (S. china). The proposed method em- FENG-QIN LI1 ployed an electrospray-time-of-flight MS. The MS finger- 2 LI XIONG prints were analyzed using principal component analysis HUI-LIAN HUANG1* (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant 1 Jiangxi University of Traditional analysis (OPLS-DA) with the aid of SIMCA software. Find- Chinese Medicine ings showed that the two kinds of samples perfectly fell Nanchang, 330004, China into their own classes. Further predictive study showed desirable predictability and the tested samples were suc- 2 Jiangxi Province Center for Disease cessfully and reliably identified. The study demonstrated Control and Prevention that the proposed method could serve as a powerful tool Nanchang, 330029, China for distinguishing between S. glabra and S. china. Accepted October 25, 2017 Keywords: Smilax glabra, Smilax china, rhizome, flow injec- Published online November 14, 2017 tion, mass spectrometry, PCA, OPLS-DA Rhizomes of both Smilax glabra Roxb. (S. glabra) and Smilax china L. (S. china) are in- cluded in Chinese Pharmacopeia (1). Deriving from the same genus, rhizomes of both S. glabra and S. china share some similarities. -
Lectotypification of the Linnaean Name Smilax China (Smilacaceae)
Phytotaxa 234 (2): 199–200 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press Correspondence ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.234.2.12 Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Smilax china (Smilacaceae) FAHIM ALTINORDU Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey; e-mail: [email protected] The genus Smilax Linnaeus (1753: 1028) consists of over 200 species which was widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions, especially in East Asia and North America (Qi et al. 2012, Xu et al. 2013, Qi et al. 2013). Linnaeus (1753) published 13 names under Smilax and the name Smilax china Linnaeus (1753: 1029) appears to be as yet untypified and is investigated here. Linnaeus’s protologue (Fig. 1) consists of a short diagnosis “caule aculeato teretiusculo, foliis inermibus ovato- cordatis”, and four synonyms cited from Linnaeus (1749: 461), Kaempfer (1712: 781), Bauhin (1623: 896), and Plukenet (1705: 101). FIGURE 1. Protologue of Smilax china by Linnaeus (1753: 1029). Linneaus (1753) cited no specimens under Smilax china and therefore all uncited specimens and illustrations have equal priority in lectotypification (Art. 9.12 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012). The Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) contains two specimens (1182.6 and 1182.7) identifiable as Smilax china. Koyama (1983: 78) treated both specimens as types, but as they are not part of a single gathering this designation cannot be accepted as effective lectotypification. The specimen LINN 1182.7 is named “Smilax china” by Linnaeus and has no Species Plantarum number, strongly suggesting that this material is a post-1753 addition to the collection and thus not original material (see Jarvis 2007) for the name Smilax china. -
Karst Forest Odonata from Southern Guizhou, China
International Dragonfly Fund - Report 37 (2011): 1-35 1 Karst Forest Odonata from Southern Guizhou, China Haomiao Zhang PH D student at the Department of Entomology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China. Email: [email protected] Abstract The paper compiles records from four excursions to study the Odonata fauna of southern Guizhou, China. Between 2007 and 2010 in Xiaoqikong Park and Maolan National Nature Reserve, 104 taxa have been recorded. Some interesting species are discussed, compared with sibling taxa, and information on habitats and habits is given. Introduction The Odonata fauna of Guizhou Province is poorly known and this area has not been surveyed or reported prior this study and private surveys from 2007-2010. The very rich Odonata fauna is triggered in the north by habitats in mainly upland and preserved primary forest, and in the south by relative lowland and the karst topography with its splendid diversity of water biotopes. It is estimated that the province will hold over 200 Odonata species. Many regional forest parks within the Province as well as some nature reserves are open to the public. Two of them, included within the Libo County borders, the southernmost area of Guizhou Province, were surveyed with particular focus on their Odonata fauna. These were: Xiaoqikong Forest Park – one of the most famous tourist sites, including the Zhangjiang River landscape spot and Maolan National Nature Reserve – famous among the Chinese national stage reserves for its Karst forest, waterfalls and carven (Figure 1). 2 Karst forest Odonata from southern Guizhou, China Figure 1. -
Molecular Data and Phylogeny of Family Smilacaceae
Pak. J. Bot., Special Issue (S.I. Ali Festschrift) 42: 111-116, 2010. MOLECULAR DATA AND PHYLOGENY OF FAMILY SMILACACEAE ZABTA K. SHINWARI1 AND SHEHLA SHINWARI2 1Dept. of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University-Islamabad 2Dept. of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi Abstract Family Smilacaceae’s higher order taxonomy remained disputed for many years. It was treated as an order “Smilacales” and was also placed under Liliales by several taxonomists. Even some considered as part of family Liliacaeae. In present paper, we investigated the family’s higher order phylogeny and also compared its rbcL gene sequence data with related taxa to elucidate its phylogeny. The data suggests that its family stature is beyond dispute because of its advanced karyotype, woody climbing habit and DNA sequence data. The data suggest that Smilacaceae may be a sister group of order Liliales and it forms a clear clade with the order. Introduction The Family Smilacaceae was first recognized by Vent. However, its taxonomic status remained controversial. Smilacaceae is a small family with only 3 genera and about 320 species. (Mabberley 2008, Conran,1998) In Pakistan it is represented by one genus and 4 species including a cultivated species (Ghazanfar, 1977). This family is mainly distributed in tropics but extending to temperate regions of both the hemispheres. Bantham and Hooker, (1883); Krause (1930) considered the genera of Smilacaceae under tribe Polygonatae of the family Liliaceae But majority of the present day taxonomists treat them under an independent family Smilacaceae because of its petiolar sheath tendrils, 1-chambered anther cells, sessile stigmas and mostly climbing habit (Fig. -
Red List of Bangladesh 2015
Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary Chief National Technical Expert Mohammad Ali Reza Khan Technical Coordinator Mohammad Shahad Mahabub Chowdhury IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature Bangladesh Country Office 2015 i The designation of geographical entitles in this book and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature concerning the legal status of any country, territory, administration, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The biodiversity database and views expressed in this publication are not necessarily reflect those of IUCN, Bangladesh Forest Department and The World Bank. This publication has been made possible because of the funding received from The World Bank through Bangladesh Forest Department to implement the subproject entitled ‘Updating Species Red List of Bangladesh’ under the ‘Strengthening Regional Cooperation for Wildlife Protection (SRCWP)’ Project. Published by: IUCN Bangladesh Country Office Copyright: © 2015 Bangladesh Forest Department and IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holders, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission of the copyright holders. Citation: Of this volume IUCN Bangladesh. 2015. Red List of Bangladesh Volume 1: Summary. IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Bangladesh Country Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh, pp. xvi+122. ISBN: 978-984-34-0733-7 Publication Assistant: Sheikh Asaduzzaman Design and Printed by: Progressive Printers Pvt. -
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Joints of Utility, Crafts of Knowledge: The Material Culture of the Sino-British Furniture Trade during the Long Eighteenth Century Kyoungjin Bae Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2016 © 2016 Kyoungjin Bae All rights reserved ABSTRACT Joints of Utility, Crafts of Knowledge: The Material Culture of the Sino-British Furniture Trade during the Long Eighteenth Century Kyoungjin Bae This dissertation examines the material culture of the Sino-British furniture trade in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. In the beginning of the eighteenth century, the British East India Company (EIC) began importing a large quantity of furniture made in Canton (Guangzhou), China. As the trade between Britain and China became standardized around 1720, this furniture became a part of the private trade carried out by merchants associated with Company. Unlike other objects of the China trade that fed into the vogue of chinoiserie, export furniture crafted with hardwoods from the Indian Ocean was produced in European designs of the time and thus was often indistinguishable from its Western counterparts. What cultural and economic values did export furniture represent in the early modern maritime trade and how did it reify the trans-regional movement of knowledge and taste between China and Britain? Going beyond the conventional perspective on export Chinese objects oriented toward European reception, I connect production with consumption in order to follow the trajectory of export furniture from its origins in the intra-Asian timber trade to its requisition and manufacture in Canton to its reception and use in both Britain and China, highlighting how this process linked the disparate spheres of commerce, knowledge production and distribution, and cultural practices. -
Der Larven Von Macromia Splendens (Pictet) (Anisoptera: Macromiidae)
Libellula 18(1/2): 15-30 1999 Untersuchungen zur Habitatwahi der Larven von Macromia splendens (Pictet) (Anisoptera: Macromiidae) Klaus Guido Leipelt, Ilona Jökel. Thomas Schrimpf, Carsten Schütte und Frank Suhling eingegangen: 25. November 1998 Summary Habitat selection o f Macromia splendens (Pictet) (Macromiidae) - In July 1998 we studied larval habitats and behaviour of Macromia splendens at the Gardon de Mialet (France). Penultimate instar larvae were found in deep, calm sections of the river close to large rocks. In each case the bottom substratum was sand sometimes covered with leaf debris. Despite of intense search the habitats of smaller instars remained unknown to us. In substratum selection experiments the larvae preferred leaf detritus on sand rather than bare sand or stones on sand and shaded substrata rather than those exposed to the sun. In the experiments the larvae were inactive during the day whereas they changed their places during the night. Substratum selection, low activity and burrowing behaviour are interpreted as anti-predator behaviour. Zusammenfassung Im July 1998 führten wir am Gardon de Mialet (Frankreich) Unter suchungen zum Habitat und Verhalten der Larven von Macromia splendens durch. Larven im vorletzten Stadium hielten sich m tiefen, strömungs beruhigten Bereichen in der Nähe großer Felsen auf. ln allen Fällen war an den Fundorten Sand und gelegentlich wenig Laubdetritus als Substrat vorhanden. Trotz intensiver Suche konnten wir die Aufenthaltsorte junger Larven nicht ermitteln. In Substratwahlversuchen präferierten die Larven mit Laubdetritus bedeckten Sand gegenüber offenem Sand oder Steinen auf Sand Klaus Guido Leipelt, Ilona Jökel, Carsten Schütte, Dr. Frank Suhling, Zoologisches Institut, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Fasanenstraße 3, D-38092 Braunschweig Thomas Schrimpf, Institut für Halbleitertechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hans-Sommer-Straße 66, D-38092 Braunschweig E-Mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 16 Leipelt, Jökel, Schrimpf. -
Pharmacognostical Studies on the Rhizome and Root of Smilax Zeylanica Linn
Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources Vol. 1(3), September 2010, pp. 328-337 Pharmacognostical studies on the rhizome and root of Smilax zeylanica Linn. –A potential alternate source for the Ayurvedic drug Chopachinee V Madhavan 1, H T Hemalatha 1, M R Gurudeva 2 and S N Yoganarasimhan 1* 1Department of Pharmacognosy, M S Ramaiah College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-560 054, Karnataka, India 2Department of Botany, V V Pura College of Science, Bangalore-560 004 Received 28 November 2008; Accepted 18 August 2009 Chopachinee is an important Ayurvedic drug used in several formulations and diseases. Smilax Linn. species are used as botanical source of Chopachinee while the accepted source is Smilax china Linn. Smilax zeylanica Linn., a potential alternate source for Chopachinee , occurring in South India is pharmacognostically investigated in this paper. It is used in the treatment of abscesses, skin disorders, sores, swellings, venereal diseases and as a substitute for Sarsaparilla. The present study comprises taxonomical, macroscopical, microscopical characters, physico-chemical and ultra-violet analysis besides chromatographic studies of the rhizome and root which not only help in the identification of the drug but also contribute towards establishing pharmacopoeial standards. HPTLC finger printing of diosgenin present in the drug is carried out to establish the biomarker compound. Keywords: Smilax zeylanica , Smilacaceae, Chopachinee, Rhizome, Root, Pharmacognosy, Diosgenin, Ayurvedic Drug. IPC code; Int. cl. 8—A61 K 36/00, A61K 36/90 Introduction Sarsaparilla in many parts of the world 4,5 . The Chopachinee is an important Ayurvedic drug for phytoconstituents reported in the leaves and roots of which the accepted botanical source is Smilax china S.