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Frederick Douglass
Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection AMERICAN CRISIS BIOGRAPHIES Edited by Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer, Ph. D. Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County · Historic Monographs Collection Zbe Hmcrican Crisis Biographies Edited by Ellis Paxson Oberholtzer, Ph.D. With the counsel and advice of Professor John B. McMaster, of the University of Pennsylvania. Each I2mo, cloth, with frontispiece portrait. Price $1.25 net; by mail» $i-37- These biographies will constitute a complete and comprehensive history of the great American sectional struggle in the form of readable and authoritative biography. The editor has enlisted the co-operation of many competent writers, as will be noted from the list given below. An interesting feature of the undertaking is that the series is to be im- partial, Southern writers having been assigned to Southern subjects and Northern writers to Northern subjects, but all will belong to the younger generation of writers, thus assuring freedom from any suspicion of war- time prejudice. The Civil War will not be treated as a rebellion, but as the great event in the history of our nation, which, after forty years, it is now clearly recognized to have been. Now ready: Abraham Lincoln. By ELLIS PAXSON OBERHOLTZER. Thomas H. Benton. By JOSEPH M. ROGERS. David G. Farragut. By JOHN R. SPEARS. William T. Sherman. By EDWARD ROBINS. Frederick Douglass. By BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. Judah P. Benjamin. By FIERCE BUTLER. In preparation: John C. Calhoun. By GAILLARD HUNT. Daniel Webster. By PROF. C. H. VAN TYNE. Alexander H. Stephens. BY LOUIS PENDLETON. John Quincy Adams. -
The Underground Railroad in Tennessee to 1865
The State of State History in Tennessee in 2008 The Underground Railroad in Tennesseee to 1865 A Report By State Historian Walter T. Durham The State of State History in Tennessee in 2008 The Underground Railroad in Tennessee to 1865 A Report by State Historian Walter T. Durham Tennessee State Library and Archives Department of State Nashville, Tennessee 37243 Jeanne D. Sugg State Librarian and Archivist Department of State, Authorization No. 305294, 2000 copies November 2008. This public document was promulgated at a cost of $1.77 per copy. Preface and Acknowledgments In 2004 and again in 2006, I published studies called The State of State History in Tennessee. The works surveyed the organizations and activities that preserve and interpret Tennessee history and bring it to a diverse public. This year I deviate by making a study of the Under- ground Railroad in Tennessee and bringing it into the State of State History series. No prior statewide study of this re- markable phenomenon has been produced, a situation now remedied. During the early nineteenth century, the number of slaves escaping the South to fi nd freedom in the northern states slowly increased. The escape methodologies and ex- perience, repeated over and over again, became known as the Underground Railroad. In the period immediately after the Civil War a plethora of books and articles appeared dealing with the Underground Railroad. Largely written by or for white men, the accounts contained recollections of the roles they played in assisting slaves make their escapes. There was understandable exag- geration because most of them had been prewar abolitionists who wanted it known that they had contributed much to the successful fl ights of a number of slaves, oft times at great danger to themselves. -
TERRIBLE. Publlbed Kiery Saturday Morulas of Barn and Tshouted, " There Goes Way North
ing to molest the family, someone saw the Many of the escaping fugitives were THE COUNTY. the best Interests for the timt being of way In rear armed by their sympathisers while on the ward and troublesome humanity, suoh aa de Otu ttrnw Met. negro mounting another horse the light in violating ixtt Dayton Dotting--. the law, and once looked TERRIBLE. Publlbed Kiery Saturday Morulas of barn and Tshouted, " there goes way north. They were advised to use rear the in the solid iron ease in lbs baek room, is diseases, Street, weapons only when to do so as Dattor, 111., Feb. 7. Another floe snow ars Xldasy and Liver and At Mot. 810 and 814 I Sail thenlggerl" In a moment other horses their farced entirely safe; in faot, the iron oage is just as firm storm baa oommeneed this morniig which whia ones they havs secured a ColwU-8horwoo- Block.) were mounted by the slave catchers and the last extremity of self defense, and then brm aud secure aa any eer ereoted, and hold en tha annua system there la BONS,l'roprirtoni, were In swift pursuit of to "strike hard and spare not." A mulatto, will make the sleighing still better. It bas Marshal Maber or Seneca looks al it with no time to be lost life la to ba WM.OBMAN their friends and May if named Free, living at Springfield, bad a been excellent this winter, and during the pride. the oitiitna never have occasion saved. Kany remedies have been TV11U4 l)F 8MHHCKIPT10N the solitary horseman, whom they caught to use tbe cage part of past few weeks the it. -
Laws That Affect the Life of Americans from Slavery to the 21St Century
Against the Grain Volume 28 Issue 2 Article 42 2016 Wandering the Web--Laws that Affect the Life of Americans from Slavery to the 21st Century Audrey Robinson-Nkongola Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/atg Part of the Library and Information Science Commons Recommended Citation Robinson-Nkongola, Audrey (2016) "Wandering the Web--Laws that Affect the Life of Americans from Slavery to the 21st Century," Against the Grain: Vol. 28: Iss. 2, Article 42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7771/2380-176X.7341 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Wandering the Web — Laws that Affect the Life of Americans from Slavery to the 21st Century by Audrey Robinson-Nkongola (Assistant Professor/Campus Librarian, Western Kentucky University) <[email protected]> Column Editor: Jack G. Montgomery (Professor, Coordinator, Collection Services, Western Kentucky University Libraries) <[email protected]> Author’s Note: Part One of the bibliog- The “Law Library” link will take the researcher was an attempt to avoid the divide between raphy is a list of Websites where informa- to the online catalog of LOC Law Library. the North and the South that was to occur. tion concerns laws and cases that greatly Items such as “Extracts from the American LeFrancois summarized the aspects under impacted African American lives in the slave code” can be found. the 1850 act that made the recapture of slaves nineteenth century. -
The Afterlife of Reproductive Slavery
The afterlife of reproductive slavery This page intentionally left blank Alys Eve Weinbaum The afterlife of reproductive slavery Biocapitalism and Black Feminism’s Philosophy of History duke university press | durham and london | 2019 © 2019 Duke University Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of Amer i ca on acid- free paper ∞ Designed by Julienne Alexander Typeset in Quadraat Pro and Scala Sans Pro by Westchester Publishing Ser vices Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Weinbaum, Alys Eve, [date] author. Title: The afterlife of reproductive slavery : biocapitalism and Black feminism’s philosophy of history / Alys Eve Weinbaum. Description: Durham : Duke University Press, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers:lccn 2018035543 (print) lccn 2018047129 (ebook) isbn 9781478003281 (ebook) isbn 9781478001768 (hardcover : alk. paper) isbn 9781478002840 (pbk. : alk. paper) Subjects: lcsh: Womanism— United States. | Human reproduction— Political aspects— United States. | Surrogate motherhood— United States— History. | African American women— Social conditions— History. | Women slaves— Atlantic Ocean Region. | Slavery— United States— History. | Slavery— Atlantic Ocean Region. Classification:lcc ht1523 (ebook) | lcc ht1523 .w44 2019 (print) | ddc 306.3/620973— dc23 lc rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2018035543 Cover art: Senga Nengudi, Per for mance Piece, 1978. Nylon mesh and artist Maren Hassinger. Pearl C. Woods Gal- lery, Los Angeles. Photo by Harmon Outlaw. -
Underground Railroad Activists in Washington, D.C
This abolitionistsong sheet depicts the undergroundrailroad as a freedom train. Abolitionists demanded"Immediate Emancipation" and warnedopponents to "GetOff the Track." Courtesy, Libraryof Congress. 28 UndergroundRailroad Activists in Washington,D.C. by Hilary Russell Underground Railroad was a existed except in legend, but more localized series of efforts, whether highly networks did. Theiroperations were partic- organized, spontaneous, successful, ularly important in the border states or failed, to assist those fleeing from slav- between slave and free lands. Men and ery by providing them with forged passes, women from almost all walks of life partici- transportation,shelter, and other necessary pated in these local networks, though the resources.Such efforts, in violation of state participation of African Americans, both and federal laws, occurred everywhere free and enslaved, was especially crucial to slavery existed. An estimated 100,000 their success. In the antebellum period, the bondsmen and women successfully assistance that such networks provided to escaped to freedom between the Revolu- runaways undermined the institution of tionaryEra and the Civil War,though some slavery and profoundly unsettled slave- did so with little or no covert assistance. holders, contributingto widening divisions The metaphor "undergroundrailroad" between North and South and the passage came into being in the 1830s as a potent of the Fugitive Slave Act in 1850. Such weapon in the propaganda war to win underground railroad operations also pro- hearts and minds to the cause of abolition. duced a diverse pantheon of American It conjured up a clandestine and highly heroes, one that extends from millionaires organized national network of "conduc- like GerritSmith and Louis Tappan to for- tors" and "station masters" ever ready to mer runaways like Harriet Tubman and offer assistance to the runaways who were FrederickDouglass. -
The Operation of the Fugitive Slave Law the OPERATION of THE
150 The Operation of the Fugitive Slave Law THE OPERATION OF THE FUGITIVE SLAVE LAW IN WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA,FROM 1850 to 1860 By IRENE E. WILLIAMS* Negro slavery engrossed the whole attention of the country during the decade from 1850 to 1860. The "Under- ground Railroad" was a form of combined defiance of national laws on the ground that they were unjust and oppressive. The Underground Railroad was the oppor- tunity for the bold and adventurous ;ithad the excitement of piracy, the secrecy of burglarly, the daring of insurrec- tion ;it developed coolness, indifference to danger and quick- ness of resource." (1) In the course of the sixty years immediately preceding the outbreak of the Rebellion, the Northern states became traversed by numerous secret pathways leading from South- ern bondage to Canadian liberty. Even in colonial times there was difficulty in recovering fugitive slaves because of the aid rendered them by friends. (2) For the acceptance and adoption of the ordinance of 1787 and the United States constitution, clauses relative to the rendition of fugitive slaves were necessary. In1793 the first Fugitive Slave Law was enacted. This was rendered nugatory in1842, by the judicial decision in the famous case of "Prigg versus Pennsylvania." Incorporated in the com- promise measures of 1850 was the Fugitive Slave Law. (3) Under this law the alleged fugitive was denied trial by jury; was forbidden to testify in his own behalf; could not summon witnesses, and was subject to the law though he might have escaped years before it was enacted. Should the judge decide against the negro his fee was ten dollars ;should he decide for the accused it was but five. -
ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S WHITE DREAM (Johnson Publishing, 1999)
GO TO MASTER INDEX OF WARFARE 1 TWO PRESIDENTS, EMBODIMENTS OF AMERICAN RACISM “Lincoln must be seen as the embodiment, not the transcendence, of the American tradition of racism.” — Lerone Bennett, Jr., FORCED INTO GLORY: ABRAHAM LINCOLN’S WHITE DREAM (Johnson Publishing, 1999) 1. “Crosseyed people look funny.” — This is the 1st known image of Lincoln, a plate that was exposed in about 1846. Lincoln had a “lazy eye,” and at that early point the Daguerreotypists had not yet learned how to pose their subjects in order to evade the problem of one eye staring off at an angle. This wasn’t just Susan B. Anthony, and Francis Ellingwood Abbot, and Abraham Lincoln, and Jean-Paul Sartre, and Galileo Galilei, and Ben Turpin and Marty Feldman. Actually, this is a very general problem, with approximately one person out of every 25 to 50 suffering from some degree of strabismus (termed crossed eyes, lazy eye, turned eye, squint, double vision, floating, wandering, wayward, drifting, truant eyes, wall eyes described as having “one eye in York and the other in Cork”). Strabismus that is congenital, or develops in infancy, can create a brain condition known as amblyopia, in which to some degree the input from an eye are ignored although it is still capable of sight — or at least privileges inputs from the other eye. An article entitled “Was Rembrandt stereoblind?,” outlining research by Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University and colleagues, was published in the September 14, 2004, issue of the _New England Journal of Medicine_. Rembrandt, a prolific painter of self-portraits, producing almost 100 if we include some 20 etchings. -
The Representation of George Latimer
Trinity College Trinity College Digital Repository Faculty Scholarship 3-2015 Slave or Free? White or Black? The Representation of George Latimer Scott Gac Trinity College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/facpub Part of the African American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Slave or Free? White or Black? The Representation of George Latimer scott gac HROUGHOUT the fall of 1842, the biggest news story T in Boston was the capture of fugitive slave George La- timer (1819?–96), whom the papers called “the man who stole himself.” In early October, Latimer, by many accounts a dili- gent worker, had fled Southern enslavement along with his expectant wife. The two made their way to New England, but soon their owner discovered their whereabouts, and George Latimer was arrested and tried in Boston. His case, which be- came a benchmark in 1840s American history, roused New England antislavery advocates, recalibrated local and national understandings of slavery and freedom, and calcified divisions of state—Massachusetts versus Virginia—and nation—North versus South. George Latimer, the traditional narrative goes, helped send the nation down the divided path to civil war.1 1Uncertainty over Latimer’s birth date stems from the difference between his nar- ratives (1819) and in U.S. Census records (1821). “Great Annual Jubilee,” Liberator, 1 August 1843; “Latimer’s Life,” Latimer Journal and North Star, 23 November 1842; Latimer Journal, 18 November 1842; “Case of George Latimer,” Liberator, 28 Octo- ber 1842; “The Latimer Case,” Liberator, 25 November 1842; “Report on the Latimer Case,” Niles’ National Register, 28 January 1843, pp. -
FREEDOM, OR the MARTYR's GRAVE" Black Pittsburgh's Aid to the Fugitive Slave R
a FREEDOM, OR THE MARTYR'S GRAVE" Black Pittsburgh's Aid to the Fugitive Slave R. J. M.Blackett When the sun comes back and the first quail calls, Follow the drinkiri gourd, For then the old man is a-waitin' for to carry you to freedom, Ifyou follow the drinkin' gourd FOLLOW THE DRINKIN* GOURD history of antebellum northern black urban communities is Theone of resistance to racial oppression and the development of in- stitutions to cater to the needs of blacks in a rapidly expanding indus- trial economy. Between 1830 and 1860, black communities from Boston to Cincinnati forged, nurtured, and sustained their own insti- tutions in their battle to survive in what, in many instances, were extremely hostile environments. They created their own churches as a protest against segregation in white churches and founded black newspapers to air their views, literary societies to improve skills, temperance and moral reform societies, masonic lodges, and secret societies to protect their communities from outside encroachment. By mid-century, these institutions were well developed through decades of involvement in the Negro Convention, abolitionist and anti- colonization movements, and local efforts to improve the lot of black communities. Just as well that they were, for on September 18, 1850, President Millard Fillmore signed into law the infamous Fugitive Slave Law, which guaranteed to southern slave interests the return of their escaped chattels. Black communities rose to the occasion and with the support of white abolitionists stood four-square against at- tempts to enforce the new law. This article willexamine the efforts employed by the black community in Pittsburgh to aid fugitives and to resist the Fugitive Slave Law. -
The Legal Production of Race in American Slavery
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 4-23-2015 12:00 AM Creating Difference: The Legal Production of Race in American Slavery Shaun N. Ramdin The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Martin Kreiswirth The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in English A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Shaun N. Ramdin 2015 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, American Literature Commons, Legal History Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Ramdin, Shaun N., "Creating Difference: The Legal Production of Race in American Slavery" (2015). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 2870. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2870 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CREATING DIFFERENCE: THE LEGAL PRODUCTION OF RACE IN AMERICAN SLAVERY (Thesis format: Monograph) by Shaun N. Ramdin Graduate Program in English A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Shaun N. Ramdin 2015 ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS This dissertation examines the legal construction and development of racial difference as considered in literature written or set during the final years of American slavery. While there had consistently been a conceptual correspondence between black skin and enslavement, race or racial difference did not become the unqualified explanation of enslavement until fairly late in the institution’s history. -
Leonard Grimes by Deborah A. Lee from Essence of a People II: African Americans Who Made Their Lives Anew in Loudoun County, Virginia, and Beyond
Leonard Grimes by Deborah A. Lee from Essence of A People II: African Americans Who Made Their Lives Anew in Loudoun County, Virginia, and Beyond Leonard Andrew Grimes was a twelve-year-old “very bright mulatto boy” when his parents, Andrew and Polly Grimes, registered their status as free Negroes in 1826 at the Loudoun County Court House in Leesburg. The boy had been born free in Leesburg, but for all blacks in the South, freedom was relative and often tenuous. As a youth, Grimes worked for a butcher and an apothecary in Washington, D.C., but maintained his ties to Loudoun. And, in 1834, when Grimes would have been about twenty years of age, he registered his free status at the courthouse in Leesburg. For a time he worked for a slaveholder, traveling with him to the Deep South. There, he witnessed slavery at its harshest and vowed to combat the institution. Returning to Washington in the middle or late 1830s, he established himself as a hackney carriage driver, providing transportation for politicians, professional, and other in the nation’s capital and well beyond the capital’s environs. He married, fathered two children, purchased property at the corner of H and 22nd Streets, and earned the respect of the blacks and whites who knew him. But Grimes was also leading a secret life. At great risk to himself and his family, he became a part of the Underground Railroad, a network of assistance given to slaves escaping to the North. He served as a conductor, a role for which his job as a hackney driver gave him the perfect cover.