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ANTE PORTAS Security Studies ANTE PORTAS ANTE PORTAS Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem Inicjatywy integracyjne i koncepcje zbiorowego bezpieczeństwa w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej w XX-XXI wieku ISSN 2353 – 6306 grudzień 2019 NR 2(13) Rada Naukowa (Academic Council): Pierre ASSELIN, PhD, Prof. Tit. (San Diego State University, USA), Christian BARNA, PhD (Academia Naţională de Informaţii “Mihai Viteazul”, Romania), Carsten Sander CHRISTENSEN, PhD (Denmark), Seda DEMIRALP, PhD, Assoc. Prof. (Işık Üniversitesi, Turkey), Sheriff FOLARIN, PhD, Assoc. Prof. (Covenant University, Nigeria), Vojtech JURČÁK, PhD, DSc, Prof. Tit. (Akadémia ozbrojených síl generála Milana Rastislava Štefánika, Slovakia), Joseph Jon KAMINSKI, PhD, Assoc. Prof. (International University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina), Juriy MAKAR, PhD, DSc, Prof. Tit. (Czerniowiecki Uniwersytet Narodowy im. Jurija Fedkowycza, Ukraine), Theo NEETHLING, PhD, Prof. Tit. (University of the Free State, RSA), Artur PATEK, PhD, DSc, Prof. Tit. (Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Poland), Vasile SIMILEANU, PhD, Assoc. Prof. (Asociatia de Geopolitica “Ion Conea”, Romania), Józef SMOLIŃSKI, PhD, DSc, Prof. Tit. (Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego, Poland), Romuald SZEREMIETIEW, PhD, DSc, Assoc. Prof. (Akademia Sztuki Wojennej, Poland), Andrei ZNAMENSKI, PhD, Assoc. Prof., (University of Memphis, USA) Zespół redakcyjny (Editorial Board): Editor-in-Chief: Jakub Żak, PhD, Associate Editor-in-Chief, Technical Editor: Paweł GOTOWIECKI, PhD, Managing Editor: Natalia TOMASZEWSKA, MA, Members: Przemysław FURGACZ, PhD, Przemysław ŁUKASIK, PhD, Beata BELICA, MA, Olga JASTRZĘBSKA, MA, Aleksandra CIESLAR, MA, Statistic Editor: Karolina BORKOWICZ, MA, Linguistic Editors: Barbara BAKALARZ- KOWALSKA, MA, Melissa JENNINGS, MA, Thematic Editors: M. Kubilay AKMAN (Sociology), Marian CICHOŃ, MA (Security), Anna DOLIWA- KLEPACKA, PhD, DSc (Law), Janusz FALECKI, PhD (Defence), Isabela de Andrade GAMA, MA (Politology), Łukasz KARAŚ, PhD (Law), Wojciech ŁYSEK, PhD (Politology), Mieszko OZIĘBŁOWSKI, MA (Security), Adam PĄZIK, PhD (Law), Leszek SYKULSKI, PhD (Politology), Wioletta TOKARSKA-OŁOWNIA, PhD (Economy), Anatol WOJTAN, PhD, BEng (Defence), Vadym ZHELTOVSKYY, PhD (Politology) Recenzenci numeru (Reviewers for the Issue): Eka Beraia, PhD (external reviewer), Tomasz GAJEWSKI, PhD, (external reviewer); Craisor C. IONITA, PhD (external reviewer), Artur PATEK, PhD, DSc Prof. Tit. (external reviewer), Leszek SYKULSKI, PhD, Sergii SLUKHAI, PhD, DSc Prof. Tit. (external reviewer), Andrei ZNAMEMSKY, PhD, Prof. Tit. (external reviewer). Kontakt z redakcją: email: [email protected] CZASOPISMO RECENZOWANE Strona internetowa: www.anteportas.pl ISSN 2353-6306 © Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski 2019 Wersją pierwotną czasopisma jest wersja elektroniczna. Czasopismo ukazuje się jako półrocznik Czasopismo jest indeksowane w: Index Copernicus, ERIH Plus, Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, BazHum oraz Polskiej Bibliografii Naukowej Projekt okładki: Mateusz Lomber Redakcja techniczna, korekta i adiustacja: Zespół Wydawca: Wyższa Szkoła Biznesu i Przedsiębiorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim ul. Akademicka 12, 27-400 Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski tel. 041 260-40-41, email: [email protected] / [email protected] Spis treści (Table of contents): Od Redakcji (Editor’s Note)................................................................................... 9 I. Artykuły (Articles) Paweł Gotowiecki The Intermarium paradox ................................................................................... 13 Marcin Miszczuk The Little Entente – expectations and outcomes ................................................. 21 Adam Kuź Integration processes in Central and Eastern Europe in the 20th and 21st centuries .............................................................................................................. 37 Wiktor Możgin The Three Seas Initiative – an aspect of contemporary geopolitical competition for dominance in Europe ..................................................................................... 45 Vakhtang Maisaia, Salome Kareli ‘Three Seas’ area pan-regional security provisions and its geopolitical conse- quences – security dilemma vs. security deadlock ...................................................... 63 Aleksander Czichos Idea Trójmorza a stosunki polsko-litewskie ........................................................ 79 Vadim Volovoj Is Lithuania ready for an unpredictable future?: the EU and NATO cases ........ 95 Leonid Gusev Political and economic interests of Germany in the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe .................................................................................................. 101 Olga Jastrzębska Pro-Western policy of the new Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky as threat for possible Russian concept of Ukraine federalization ......................... 107 Thornike Zedelashvili Geopolitical contours of modern information warfare Russian-US confrontation line from Baltic Sea to Black Sea ...................................................................... 119 Alika Guchua Cancellation of the Treaty of 1987 on the Eradication of Intermediate and Shorter-range Missiles and its impact on pan-regional security in aegis of ‘Three Seas’ area (Baltic-Adriatic-Blac Sea space) ......................................... 133 Khatuna Chapichadze The South Caucasian Union – challenging geopolitical concept revisited ....... 147 II. Analizy (Analyses) Krzysztof Surdyk Intermarium jako koncepcja działań hybrydowych. Wczoraj i dziś ................... 157 III. Recenzje (Reviews) Souad Mekhennet, Powiedzieli, żebym przyszła sama: za linią dżihadu, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2019, ss. 580 (recenzent: Przemysław Furgacz) ............................................................................................................. 181 Anna Bałdyga, Znaczenie eksportu gazu ziemnego w polityce gospodarczej Federacji Rosyjskiej, Wydawnictwo Wyższej Szkoły Biznesu i Przedsię- biorczości w Ostrowcu Świętokrzyskim, Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski 2019, ss. 280 (recenzent: Wiktor Możgin) .............................................................................. 187 IV. Katedra Bezpieczeństwa Narodowego WSBiP w Ostrowcu Święto- krzyskim (Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski College’s Department of the National Security) Department of National Security in the Academic Year 2019/2020 .................. 193 Dla Autorów (for Authors) ................................................................................. 195 Dla Recenzentów (For Reviewers)..................................................................... 196 S t r o n a | 9 OD REDAKCJI Miło nam udostępnić Państwu kolejny numer czasopisma naukowego „Ante Portas – Studia nad Bezpieczeństwem”. Najnowsze wydanie poświęcone jest niezwykle aktualnemu tematowi, jakim są koncepcje współpracy środkowo-europejskiej w ramach Trójmorza. Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia od wieków była newralgicznym obszarem ścierania się wielkich koncepcji geopolitycznych oraz rywalizacji bloków militarno-politycznych. W XX w. było to współzawodnictwo Rosji/ZSRR i Niemiec, następnie zaś – w dobie „zimnej wojny” – bloków wschodniego i zachodniego. Dziś, po okresie redefinicji starych teorii i doktryn, Europa Środkowo-Wschodnia ponownie jest obszarem rywalizacji struktur euroatlantyckich oraz rosyjskiego ośrodka siły. Jednocześnie, przez ostatnie 100 lat, powstawały kolejne inicjatywy integracyjne mające na celu upodmiotowienie państw regionu. Czerpały one z intelektualnego dziedzictwa wielkich historycznych koncepcji, takich jak idea jagiellońska, zaś materializowały się w postaci regionalnych sojuszów oraz zrzeszeń o charakterze militarnym i polityczno-gospodarczym. Historia XX wieku pokazała, że ani koncepcje federacyjne czy konfederacyjne ani próby budowania konkurencyjnych bloków militarnych nie wytrzymały próby czasu i nie były w stanie przekształcić się w efektywny system zbiorowego bezpieczeństwa w tej części kontynentu, natomiast zakończenie „zimnej wojny” spowodowało rozpoczęcie procesów integracji większości państw regionu ze strukturami UE i NATO. Pomimo to przywódcy krajów między Bałtykiem, Adriatykiem a Morzem Czarnym nie rezygnują z kolejnych subregionalnych inicjatyw integracyjnych, mających na celu wzmocnienie potencjału tego obszaru w relacjach międzynarodowych – najnowszą tego typu inicjatywą jest Trójmorze. Publikowane w numerze artykuły dotyczą zarówno historycznych koncepcji współpracy w trójkącie mórz Bałtyckiego, Czarnego i Adriatyku, jak i aktualnych działań podejmowanych przez rządy zainteresowanych państw. Wprowadzeniem do tematu są teksty dotyczące m.in. roli ośrodków siły w budowaniu, często „przymusowych” bloków europejskich (Paweł Gotowiecki) oraz Małej Ententy i związanych z nią oczekiwań (Marcin Miszczuk). Wiele uwagi poświęcono stosunkom polsko-litewskim (Aleksander Czichos, Vadim Volovoj), procesom integracyjnym w obszarze Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej (Wiktor Możgin, Adam Kuź) oraz problematyce wybranych państw europejskich (Leonid Gusev, Olga Jastrzębska). Skupiono również uwagę na wyzwaniach i zagrożeniach obecnych w obszarze Morza Czarnego i ich wpływu na bezpieczeństwo europejskie (Thornike Zedelashvili, Alika Guchua, Vakhtang Maisaia, Salome Kareli, Khatuna Chapichadze). Znakomitym uzupełnieniem tej tematyki jest analiza autorstwa Krzysztofa 10 | S t r o n a Surdyka dotycząca wykorzystania koncepcji Międzymorza do działań hybrydowych. Mamy nadzieję, że zaprezentowane artykuły
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