Luiz Fernando Reis Dívida Pública, Política Econômica E O

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Luiz Fernando Reis Dívida Pública, Política Econômica E O UNIVERSIDADE DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO Programa de Políticas Públicas e Formação Humana Luiz Fernando Reis Dívida pública, política econômica e o financiamento das universidades federais nos governos Lula e Dilma (2003-2014) Rio de Janeiro 2015 Luiz Fernando Reis Dívida pública, política econômica e o financiamento das universidades federais nos governos Lula e Dilma (2003-2014) Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em Políticas Públicas e Formação Humana, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e Formação Humana, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Deise Mancebo Coorientadora: Profª. Drª. Vera Lúcia Jacob Chaves Rio de Janeiro 2015 Ficha catalográfica Luiz Fernando Reis Dívida pública, política econômica e o financiamento das universidades federais nos governos Lula e Dilma (2003-2014). Tese apresentada como requisito parcial para a obtenção do Título de Doutor em Políticas Públicas e Formação Humana, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Políticas Públicas e Formação Humana, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Aprovada em 21 de agosto de 2015. Banca Examinadora: Profª. Drª. Deise Mancebo (Orientadora) Instituto de Psicologia da UERJ Prof. Dr. Fernando José Martins Centro de Educação, Letras e Saúde da Unioeste Prof. Dr. Gaudêncio Frigotto Faculdade de Educação da UERJ Prof. Dr. Roberto Antonio Deitos Centro de Educação, Comunicação e Artes da Unioeste Profª. Drª. Vera Lúcia Jacob Chaves Instituto de Ciências da Educação da UFPA Rio de Janeiro 2015 DEDICATÓRIA Aos meus pais: Antonio Santos Reis, que frequentou a escola por quatro anos e precisou abandonar a sua terra natal (Portugal) para buscar a sobrevivência num país estranho e Lurdes Reis, que não teve a oportunidade de frequentar a escola e teve que migrar do Rio Grande do Sul para o Paraná, do campo para a cidade, na busca de melhores condições de trabalho. Uma vida - de sabedoria, lutas, sacrifícios, alegrias e conquistas - dedicada aos filhos. Ao meu irmão Carlos Antonio Reis, que ficou em casa, ―segurando as pontas‖, apoio generoso e inestimável quando saí de casa para iniciar os estudos universitários. Aos meus filhos Maria Fernanda e Heitor, que são razão e estímulo, neste mundo, para eu continuar acreditando e lutando por um outro mundo que supere a lógica do capital e se organize de acordo com os interesses históricos daqueles que vivem de seu próprio trabalho. Pois, como dizia José Martí, ―Sem utopia, a vida transforma-se numa mera travessia para a morte‖. Ao Alfredo Carvalho (in memorian) companheiro de militância no Partido dos Trabalhadores no final dos anos 1980 e início dos anos 1990, quando este partido, ainda, nas palavras de Florestan Fernandes, ―servia de espinha dorsal à luta política dos trabalhadores‖. Alfredo sempre foi uma referência, um exemplo, um daqueles companheiros imprescindíveis que, apesar de todas as adversidades da vida, nunca se vendeu, nunca se rendeu, sempre resistiu, até onde pode, e nunca deixou de acreditar na capacidade de luta e organização independente dos trabalhadores. Companheiro Alfredo, presente! À Maria Lucia Fattorelli, coordenadora nacional da organização brasileira Auditoria Cidadã da Dívida, uma das referências mundiais na discussão sobre a dívida pública, que trava uma luta incansável para denunciar o Sistema da dívida e as suas consequências nefastas para a classe trabalhadora. Aos professores das universidades estaduais do Paraná, organizados no Andes-Sindicato Nacional, que, de fevereiro a junho de 2015, protagonizaram, por meio duas greves, um duro enfrentamento aos ataques promovidos pelo governo Beto Richa aos direitos trabalhistas e previdenciários dos servidores estaduais. Os professores universitários do Paraná, companheiros de luta, demonstraram que a resistência coletiva e organização autônoma e independente dos trabalhadores continuam sendo o melhor e único caminho para enfrentar a intransigência, a prepotência, a violência e a insensibilidade de governos que conduzem, sob o ponto de vista do capital, as reformas do Estado e das políticas para a educação superior. Além disso, também ensinaram a alguns dirigentes da CUT que o Andes-Sindicato Nacional ―não abandona a guerra sem travar a última batalha‖. Dignidade não se negocia! AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Prof. Dr. Fernando José Martins, Diretor do Centro de Educação, Letras e Saúde da Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste, campus de Foz do Iguaçu) pela iniciativa e empenho e à profª Renata Camacho Bezerra, Diretora do campus, pelo apoio na busca da parceria com a Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ) que permitiu a oferta do Doutorado Interinstitucional (UERJ/Unioeste), possibilitando a titulação de dez docentes da Unioeste. Tal iniciativa exitosa, para além da titulação docente, vai possibilitar a consolidação de pesquisas e ações formativas no campo das políticas públicas na Unioeste. À profª Deise Mancebo, minha orientadora, por ter acreditado desde o primeiro momento na parceira Unioeste/UERJ e pela sua inestimável contribuição para o meu processo de formação e amadurecimento intelectual. Deise sabe combinar, com rara sensibilidade e com muito vigor, o competente trabalho individual de pesquisadora com o trabalho coletivo, cuja expressão mais evidente é a consolidação da Rede Universitas/Br, uma rede acadêmica que se estruturou desde o início dos anos 1990 e conta com pesquisadores de universidades e instituições de ensino superior de todas as regiões do país, visando à pesquisa e à interlocução entre pares que têm em comum a investigação da temática ―Políticas de Educação Superior‖. À profª. Vera Lúcia Jacob Chaves, minha coorientadora, pela sua contribuição no meu processo de formação, pela parceria no Sub1 (Financiamento) da Rede Universitas/Br e, especialmente, por ser um exemplo da possibilidade e da necessidade de compatibilizar uma sólida carreira acadêmica com a militância sindical em defesa da universidade pública. Ao prof. Gaudêncio Frigotto que nos ensina, pelo exemplo, que o trabalho intelectual deve provocar a inquietação e o inconformismo diante das situações de injustiça e, acima de tudo, que não devemos confundir seriedade e rigor com mau humor. Gaudêncio, sempre generoso e compromissado, nos inspira continuar pesquisando sobre os dilemas da educação e da sociedade brasileira. Ao prof. Roberto Deitos (Beto) que tem sido ―um irmão mais velho‖, desde a década de 1980 quando iniciamos juntos a graduação em Pedagogia na Unioeste e, desde então, temos participado juntos de todas as lutas em defesa da Unioeste como universidade pública, gratuita, laica e de qualidade socialmente referenciada. À prof.ª Elaine Behrinng que participou da banca de qualificação, ofereceu importantes contribuições para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho e indicou pistas importantes para a continuidade da pesquisa na área de políticas sociais. A todos os professores do PPFH, especialmente Eveline, Floriano, Marise, Raquel, Ritto, Vania Motta (agora na UFRJ) e Zacarias que, por meio das disciplinas ministradas, ofereceram uma contribuição crucial no processo de formação acadêmica e humana. Aos companheiros de militância sindical Antonio, Cidinha e João da Adunioeste (Seção Sindical do Andes-Sindicato Nacional da Unioeste) que acompanharam mais de perto o processo de elaboração deste trabalho e souberam entender a ―falta de paciência‖ e a minha ausência em algumas atividades do sindicato e outras vezes, apesar do doutorado, exigiram corretamente a minha presença. Aos colegas do Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Política Social e Educacional da Unioeste, campus de Cascavel (Geppes), especialmente Ireni e Monica pela profícua parceria acadêmica e política, desde os anos de 1990, na busca da consolidação da Unioeste como universidade pública, laica, democrática e socialmente comprometida com as demandas imediatas e históricas da classe trabalhadora. À Unioeste pela concessão da liberação integral por três anos para que eu pudesse me dedicar integralmente aos estudos e à pesquisa. À Fundação Araucária pelo apoio financeiro, durante o primeiro semestre de 2012, para a permanência na cidade do Rio de Janeiro para o desenvolvimento de atividades letivas na UERJ. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e ao Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais Anísio Teixeira (INEP) pela concessão de bolsa (2013-2015) para o desenvolvimento de atividade de pesquisa vinculada ao projeto ―Expansão da Educação Superior no Brasil (OBEDUC) - subprojeto Políticas de Financiamento da Educação Superior no Brasil‖. À Sonia Lemanski, chefe da Divisão de Capacitação Docente da Pró-reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-graduação da Unioeste, pela preocupação solidária e apoio durante o período de afastamento para o desenvolvimento das atividades do doutorado. À prof.ª Leda e ao prof. Marcos Rechia que, durante o ano de 2012, assumiram a minha carga horária de ensino para que eu pudesse me dedicar integralmente ao doutorado. Às colegas da área da Licenciatura, Franciele, Rosa e Solange e às demais colegas do curso de Enfermagem da Unioeste que assumiram a minha carga horária de ensino nos anos de 2013 e 2014 para que eu pudesse continuar me dedicando integralmente ao doutorado. Aos funcionários do PPFH/UERJ, pelo apoio a todas as atividades desenvolvidas durante o doutorado. Aos colegas do Dinter: Cecilia, Denise, Eliane Pereira, Eliane, Janaina, Joceli, Leda, Luiz Carlos, Marijane e Sebastião, pela convivência durante a realização das disciplinas. Agora, finalmente,
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