Progress Towards the Lisbon Objectives in Education and Training
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COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Commission staff working document PROGRESS TOWARDS THE LISBON OBJECTIVES IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING Indicators and benchmarks 2009 This publication is based on document SEC(2009)1616 Report prepared by : DG Education and Culture, Unit A4 (Analysis and studies) Coordination : Anders Hingel, Head of unit Oyvind Bjerkestrand Richard Deiss Lars Bo Jakobsen Margot Kuzma Cristina Marcone Maria Pia Sorvillo Mikaël Le Bourhis Vera Ratsiborynska Joint Research Centre, Centre for Research on Lifelong Learning (CRELL) Andrea Saltelli, Head of unit Michela Nardo Elena Arjona Perez Mircea Badescu Marcella Deluca Béatrice D'Hombres Kornelia Kozovska Anna Rita Manca Fritz Scheuermann Ernesto Villalba Eurostat Jean-Louis Mercy, Head of unit Lene Mejer, acting Head of Unit Marta Beck-Domzalska Erice Gere Reigo Hirmo Sylvain Jouhette Agnieszka Litwinska Fernando Reis DG Education and Culture, EAC-Executive Agency, Unit P9 (Eurydice) David Hughes, Head of unit Arlette Delhaxhe Stanislav Ranguelov European Agency for development in special needs education Amanda Watkins 2 Preface “Progress towards the Lisbon objectives in education and training” is the 6th annual report examining performance and progress under the Education and Training 2010 Work Programme. The purpose of this report is to inform and provide strategic guidance for education policy co-operation at European level. The report sets out progress towards the objectives agreed by the Council. It provides an evidence-base of indicators, benchmarks and research results which supports the Education and Training 2010 work programme launched in 2001 and its follow-up, the strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training adopted by the Council in May 2009. The Progress Reports for 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were able to give detailed analysis of performance and progress as data and research material became available. On 25th May 2007 the Education Council adopted conclusions on a coherent framework of 16 core indicators for monitoring progress towards the Lisbon objectives in education and training (European Council, 2007a). The 2007, 2008 and 2009 Reports have used this tool of core indicators. Reflecting the strategic framework for European cooperation in education and training adopted by the Council in May 2009, the report is structured in four chapters in the line with the four strategic objectives of the framework, as follows: 1. Making lifelong learning and mobility a reality; 2. Improving the quality and efficiency of education and training; 3. Promoting equity, social cohesion and active citizenship; 4. Enhancing creativity and innovation, including entrepreneurship, at all levels of education and training. The Report analyses performance and progress of education systems in EU member states (27), candidate countries (3) and associated countries (3) and how they contribute towards meeting Europe's Lisbon objectives. World reference levels of performance are found within some areas of education and training in Europe. At the same time, many Member States are challenged in particular fields. The report demonstrates that good performance and progress can be found in member states throughout Europe. Hence it supports the exchange of information and experiences on good policy practice allowing member states to learn from each other. The analysis highlights the scope for completing the current European framework of indicators and benchmarks further enhancing the evidence base for policy making. 3 Content list Ten main messages of the report Page 11 Introduction Page 13 1. Introduction 2. Conclusions on progress towards the European benchmarks 2010 2.1. Country performance and progress in the areas of European benchmarks 2.2. Best performing countries: learning from good practice 2.3. Performance of European educational systems in a worldwide perspective 2.4. Trends towards the 2020 benchmarks 3. Demographical trends in Europe 3.1. Current trends in number of young people 3.2. Future intake of pupils in schools 3.3. Overall population trends 4. Investment in Education 4.1. Levels of investment in education and training 4.2. National priorities for investment in education Chapter I Making lifelong learning and mobility a reality Page 31 Main messages 1. Participation in Lifelong learning 1.1. An aggregate measure on participation in lifelong learning in Europe 2. Student Mobility in Education 2.1. Mobility of higher education students 2.2. European student mobility programmes Chapter II Improving the quality and efficiency of education and training Page 43 Main messages 1. School education 1.1. Completion of upper secondary education 1.2. Teachers and professional development 2. Vocational Education and Training 2.1. Participation in vocational education and training 2.2. Investment in VET 2.3. Third country comparisons 2.4. Individual outcomes of vocational education and training 3. Higher Education 3.1. The Bologna process in higher education 3.2. Current international university rankings 3.3. Graduates in higher education 3.4. Higher education attainment of the population 4. Labour Market Outcomes 4.1. Educational attainment of the adult population 4.2. Relationship between Educational attainment and Employment rates 4.3. Shifts in skills demand and the aging population 4 Chapter III Promoting equity, social cohesion and active citizenship Page 71 Main messages 1. Equity 1.1. Early childhood education 1.2. Early leavers from education and training 1.3. Special education needs 1.4. Adult education and training 2. Key competences 2.1. Reading, mathematics and science literacy 2.2. Language skills: learning and teaching 2.3. ICT skills for young and adults 2.4. Active citizenship 3. Migrants 3.1. Special education needs and the issue of language 3.2. Key competences 3.3. Early leavers from education and training 3.4. Adult participation in lifelong learning 4. Gender inequalities 4.1. Differentials in schooling 4.2. Educational choices Chapter IV Enhancing creativity and Innovation, including entrepreneurship at all levels of education and training Page 99 Main messages 1. Creativity and innovation 1.1. Innovation and creativity of nations and regions 1.2. Measuring creativity skills and competences 2. Graduates in Mathematics, Science and Technology 2.1. Evolution of the number of MST students 2.2. Evolution of the number of MST graduates 2.3. Growth in number of graduates by field and educational levels 2.4. The growth in number of MST graduates by type of programme 2.5. MST graduates and researchers on the labour market 3. Entrepreneurship Annexes Page 109 Annex 1: Standing Group on Indicators and Benchmarks Annex 2: List of abbreviations Annex 3: Bibliography Annex 4: Statistical annex Annex 5: Country tables Notes 5 List of tables and charts Introduction Chart Int.2.1: Progress towards meeting the five benchmarks for 2010 (2000-2008) ..........................................15 Chart Int.2.2: Benchmark 2010: Low Performers in reading literacy (2000-2006)................................................16 Chart Int.2.3: Benchmark 2010: Upper Secondary Attainment (2000-2008).......................................................17 Chart Int.2.4: Benchmark 2010: Early leavers from education and training (2000-2008) .....................................18 Chart Int.2.5: Benchmark 2010: Mathematics, Science and Technology Graduates (2000-2007)........................19 Chart Int.2.6: Benchmark 2010: Adult Lifelong Learning participation.................................................................20 Table Int.2.1: Best performing countries on benchmark relating to school education ..........................................21 Table Int.2.2: Best performing countries on benchmarks relating to higher education and lifelong learning..........21 Chart Int.2.7: EU Education performance in a Worldwide perspective - UN education index ...............................22 Chart Int.2.8: EU Education average performance level in a neighbouring countries perspective........................22 Chart Int.2.9: Trends towards the five benchmarks for 2020 (2000-2008)...........................................................23 Chart Int.3.1: Variation of the population in the 0-9, 10-19 and 20-29 age groups in the EU-27 (1985-2007) .......24 Table Int.3.1: EU population in millions.............................................................................................................25 Chart Int.4.1: Public investment on education as a percentage of GDP..............................................................26 Chart Int.4.2: Public investment on education as a percentage of GDP in European countries (2006p)...............26 Chart Int.4.3: Changes in the public and private investments in education in European countries (2000-2006)....27 Table Int.4.1: Public investment on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP ..................................................28 Table Int.4.2: Private and total investment on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP...................................28 Chart Int.4.4: Public investment on tertiary education as a percentage of GDP ..................................................29 Chart Int.4.5: Public investment and participation in primary and secondary education (2006) ............................29 Chapter I Making lifelong learning and mobility a reality Chart I.1.1: Participation of adults in lifelong learning in European countries ......................................................35