DOCSLIB.ORG

West Kauai Community Vulnerability Assessment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
West Kauai Community Vulnerability Assessment West Kauaʻi Community Vulnerability Assessment June 2020 Prepared by: University of Hawaiʻi Sea Grant College Program Department of Urban and Regional Planning 1 West Kauaʻi Community Vulnerability Assessment TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................i LIST OF TABLES .....................................................................................................................................ii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................ iv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................v I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................1 A. Project Purpose ........................................................................................................................1 B. Regional and Local Setting ........................................................................................................2 C. The Threat: Near-Term and Long-Term Climate Change ............................................................3 1. Observations ............................................................................................................................... 3 2. Sea Level Rise (SLR) Projections .................................................................................................. 8 D. Summary of County of Kauaʻi General Plan Policy ..................................................................11 II. METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................................................13 A. Definition of Vulnerability .....................................................................................................13 B. Exposure Data ........................................................................................................................14 C. Vulnerability Assessment Methods ........................................................................................15 1. Quantified Exposed Assets ........................................................................................................ 15 2. Vulnerability, Consequences, and Adaptation Planning Scenarios (VCAPS) ..............................15 3. Community engagement ........................................................................................................... 17 a. Phase 1: Background Research .............................................................................................18 b. Phase 2: Community Vulnerability Assessment (CVA) Workshops .......................................18 D. Project Team ..........................................................................................................................19 III. INVENTORY OF EXPOSED ASSETS .................................................................................................20 IV. COMMUNITY PROFILES ...............................................................................................................24 A. HANAPĒPĒ-ʻELEʻELE ................................................................................................................24 1. Overview of Area ...................................................................................................................... 24 2. Exposed Assets – Buildings and Economic Loss ........................................................................26 3. Vulnerability .............................................................................................................................. 26 4. Adaptive Capacity/Opportunities .............................................................................................29 B. PĀKALĀ VILLAGE ....................................................................................................................32 1. Overview of Area ...................................................................................................................... 32 2. Exposed Assets – Buildings and Economic Loss ........................................................................33 3. Vulnerability .............................................................................................................................. 33 C. WAIMEA ................................................................................................................................35 1. Overview of Area ...................................................................................................................... 35 2. Exposed Assets – Buildings and Economic Loss ........................................................................36 3. Vulnerability .............................................................................................................................. 36 4. Adaptive Capacity/Opportunities .............................................................................................40 D. KEKAHA .................................................................................................................................42 1. Overview of Area ...................................................................................................................... 42 2. Exposed Assets – Buildings and Economic Loss ........................................................................43 West Kauaʻi Community Vulnerability Assessment 3. Vulnerability .............................................................................................................................. 43 4. Adaptive Capacity/Opportunities .............................................................................................49 E. MĀNĀ- POLIHALE ...................................................................................................................51 1. Overview of Area ...................................................................................................................... 51 2. Exposed Assets – Buildings and Economic Loss ........................................................................53 3. Vulnerability .............................................................................................................................. 53 4. Adaptive Capacity/Opportunities .............................................................................................54 V. MANAGEMENT CONCERNS .........................................................................................................56 A. TRANSPORTATION AND EVACUATION .....................................................................................56 1. Key Takeaways ........................................................................................................................... 56 2. Inventory of Exposed Transportation Infrastructure .................................................................57 3. Vulnerability and Potential Adaptation Actions ........................................................................58 B. DRAINAGE AND LEVEES ..........................................................................................................67 1. Key Takeaways ........................................................................................................................... 69 2. Inventory of Exposed Drainage Infrastructure ..........................................................................71 3. Vulnerability and Potential Adaptation Actions ........................................................................71 C. CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE ....................................................................................................77 1. Wastewater Infrastructure ........................................................................................................ 77 a. Key Takeaways ...................................................................................................................... 78 b. Inventory of Exposed Wastewater Infrastructure .................................................................80 c. Vulnerability and Potential Adaptation Actions ....................................................................81 2. Electricity .................................................................................................................................. 84 a. Key Takeaways ...................................................................................................................... 85 b. Inventory of Exposed Eletricity Infrastructure and Assets ....................................................85 c. Vulnerability and Potential Adaptation Actions ....................................................................86 3. Potable Water Supply Infrastructure .........................................................................................88 a. Key Takeaways ...................................................................................................................... 90 b. Inventory of Exposed Potable Water Supply Infrastructure..................................................90 c. Vulnerability and Potential Adaptation Actions ....................................................................91
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific Ab Sins Nicholas S
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School March 2019 Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific aB sins Nicholas S. Grondin Louisiana State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Climate Commons, Meteorology Commons, and the Physical and Environmental Geography Commons Recommended Citation Grondin, Nicholas S., "Climatology, Variability, and Return Periods of Tropical Cyclone Strikes in the Northeastern and Central Pacific asinB s" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4864. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4864 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CLIMATOLOGY, VARIABILITY, AND RETURN PERIODS OF TROPICAL CYCLONE STRIKES IN THE NORTHEASTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC BASINS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Geography and Anthropology by Nicholas S. Grondin B.S. Meteorology, University of South Alabama, 2016 May 2019 Dedication This thesis is dedicated to my family, especially mom, Mim and Pop, for their love and encouragement every step of the way. This thesis is dedicated to my friends and fraternity brothers, especially Dillon, Sarah, Clay, and Courtney, for their friendship and support. This thesis is dedicated to all of my teachers and college professors, especially Mrs.
    [Show full text]
  • Nearly 20 Years Since Hurricane Iniki
    Nearly 20 Years Since Hurricane Iniki by Steven Businger and Tom Schroeder [email protected], [email protected] Professors of Meteorology at the University of Hawaii at Manoa On September 11, 1992 hurricane Iniki scored a direct hit on the island of Kauai. Over a period of only three hours, the category-3 hurricane caused damage equivalent to the total general fund budget of the state of Hawaii at that time and wiped out the historical profits of the Hawaii homeowners insurance industry. Economic impacts were felt even a decade after the event. As the 20th anniversary of Iniki nears (2012) it is appropriate that we take stock of where Hawaii stands. We are fortunate in Hawaii that our island chain presents a small target for relatively rare central Pacific hurricanes. Although Kauai has been impacted by three hurricanes since the mid-1950s (Dot in 1959, Iwa in 1982, and the category- 3 Iniki on this day in 1992), it has been over a century since a major hurricane has struck the Island of Hawaii and Maui. On August 9, 1871 a major hurricane struck both the Island of Hawaii and Maui, leaving tornado-like destruction in its wake. This event was well documented in the many newspapers of the time, which allowed us to determine that the hurricane was at least a category-3 storm. There is much the public can do to mitigate the damage in advance of hurricanes (hurricane clips to keep the roof from blowing off, and storm shutters to protect windows, etc.). Insurance risk models begin projecting property losses as winds hit 40 mph.
    [Show full text]
  • Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1996
    Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1996. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 49, 71 p. (1997) RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1996 Part 2: Notes1 This is the second of 2 parts to the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1996 and contains the notes on Hawaiian species of protists, fungi, plants, and animals includ- ing new state and island records, range extensions, and other information. Larger, more comprehensive treatments and papers describing new taxa are treated in the first part of this Records [Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 48]. Foraminifera of Hawaii: Literature Survey THOMAS A. BURCH & BEATRICE L. BURCH (Research Associates in Zoology, Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA) The result of a compilation of a checklist of Foraminifera of the Hawaiian Islands is a list of 755 taxa reported in the literature below. The entire list is planned to be published as a Bishop Museum Technical Report. This list also includes other names that have been applied to Hawaiian foraminiferans. Loeblich & Tappan (1994) and Jones (1994) dis- agree about which names should be used; therefore, each is cross referenced to the other. Literature Cited Bagg, R.M., Jr. 1980. Foraminifera collected near the Hawaiian Islands by the Steamer Albatross in 1902. Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 34(1603): 113–73. Barker, R.W. 1960. Taxonomic notes on the species figured by H. B. Brady in his report on the Foraminifera dredged by HMS Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Spec. Publ. 9, 239 p. Belford, D.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Cultural Impact Assessment for The
    Cultural Impact Assessment for the Alakai Protective Fence Project Waimea and Wainiha Ahupua‘a, Waimea and Hanalei Districts, Island of Kaua‘i TMK: [4] 5-8-001:001 & [4]-1-4-001:003 Prepared for The Nature Conservancy in Hawai‘i, Kaua‘i Program Prepared by Hallett Hammatt, Ph.D. Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, Inc. Kailua, Hawai‘i (Job Code: WAINIHA 2) March 2008 O‘ahu Office Maui Office P.O. Box 1114 1993 Main St. Kailua, Hawai‘i 96734 Wailuku, Hawai‘i 96793 www.culturalsurveys.com Ph.: (808) 262-9972 Ph: (808) 242-9882 Fax: (808) 262-4950 Fax: (808) 244-1994 Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i Job Code: WAINIHA 2 Management Summary Management Summary Report Reference Cultural Impact Assessment for the for the Alaka‘i Protective Fence Project, Waimea and Wainiha Ahupua`a, Waimea and Hanalei Districts, Kaua‘i Island Project Number Cultural Surveys Hawai‘i, Inc. (CSH) Job Code: WAHI 6 Location Waimea and Wainiha Ahupua‘a, Waimea and Hanalei Districts, Island of Kaua‘i, TMK: [4] 5-8-001:001 & [4]-1-4-001:003 Date Submitted March 2008 Agencies State Historic Preservation District, Department of Health (DOH), Office of Environmental Quality Control (OEQC), The Nature Conservancy Hawai‘i (TNC) Development The Nature Conservancy, along with cooperating landowners of the Project Description KWA, including McBryde Sugar Co., Ltd. (the “McBryde Property”), and Acreage and the State of Hawai`i (the “State Property”) will oversee the construction of a feral pig and feral goat proof fence across the Alaka‘i Plateau from Wainiha Pali south-east to the Summit Bog Fence.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood of August 1950 in the Waimea Area Kauai, Hawaii
    Flood of August 1950 in the Waimea Area Kauai, Hawaii > R. K. CHUN :^LOODS OF 1950 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 1137-C ^repared in cooperation with the Territory of Hawaii UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1952 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 15 cents (paper cover) PREFACE This report on the flood of August 1950 in Kauai, T. H., was prepared in the Surface Water Branch, J. V. B. Wells, Chief. The material was assem­ bled and the text was written by R. K. Chun, hydraulic engineer, under the immediate super­ vision of M. H. Carson, District Engineer. Base data used in this report were collected in cooperation with the Territory of Hawaii. The Weather Bureau furnished a discussion on the meteorology of the storm and a map showing the path of the hurricane. The collection of data for indirect determination of peak discharges was supervised, and the computations made, by Hollister Johnson, hydraulic engineer. Ill CONTENTS Page Introduction ..................................................... 327 Stages and discharges at stream-gaging stations ..................... 327 Waimea River near Waimea, Kauai .............................. 331 Kawaikoi Stream near Waimea, Kauai ............................ 332 Mohihi Stream near Waimea/ Kauai .............................. 333 Makaweli River near Waimea, Kauai ............................. 334 Combined discharge of Waimea and Makaweli Rivers ............... 335 Summary of flood data ............................................ 337 Flood stages and discharges ..................................... 337 Annual floods in Waimea River ................................... 337 Physical features of Kauai'........................................ 342 Meteorological features of the flood ................................ 343 Precipitation................................................... 343 Meteorology, by R.
    [Show full text]
  • 25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data to Measure The
    25 Using Community Group Monitoring Data To Measure The Effectiveness Of Restoration Actions For Australia's Woodland Birds Michelle Gibson1, Jessica Walsh1,2, Nicki Taws5, Martine Maron1 1Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072, Queensland, Australia, 2School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, 3800, Victoria, Australia, 3Greening Australia, Aranda, Canberra, 2614 Australian Capital Territory, Australia, 4BirdLife Australia, Carlton, Melbourne, 3053, Victoria, Australia, 5Greening Australia, PO Box 538 Jamison Centre, Macquarie, Australian Capital Territory 2614, Australia Before conservation actions are implemented, they should be evaluated for their effectiveness to ensure the best possible outcomes. However, many conservation actions are not implemented under an experimental framework, making it difficult to measure their effectiveness. Ecological monitoring datasets provide useful opportunities for measuring the effect of conservation actions and a baseline upon which adaptive management can be built. We measure the effect of conservation actions on Australian woodland ecosystems using two community group-led bird monitoring datasets. Australia’s temperate woodlands have been largely cleared for agricultural production and their bird communities are in decline. To reverse these declines, a suite of conservation actions has been implemented by government and non- government agencies, and private landholders. We analysed the response of total woodland bird abundance, species richness, and community condition, to two widely-used actions — grazing exclusion and replanting. We recorded 139 species from 134 sites and 1,389 surveys over a 20-year period. Grazing exclusion and replanting combined had strong positive effects on all three bird community metrics over time relative to control sites, where no actions had occurred.
    [Show full text]
  • Beach Erosion at Waimea Bay, Oahu, Hawaiil
    Pacific Science (1982), vol. 36, no. 1 © 1982 by the University of Hawaii Press. All rights reserved Beach Erosion at Waimea Bay, Oahu, Hawaii l J. F. CAMPBELL 2 and D. J. HWANG 2 ABSTRACT: Waimea Beach on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, is a popular recreation area, which is presently endangered by severe erosion. The extent of shoreline erosion has been determined from comparison of an 1884 survey map with aerial photographs from the period 1928-1975, and from measure­ ments of the changes in the vegetation line during that time. The Waimea section of Oahu's shoreline has receded about 200 ft in this 47-yr period. This erosion is caused primarily by storms that move the beach sand into deeper waters from which it cannot return to the beach and the lack of supply of new sand to the beach. Sand mining and abrasion also have contributed to the retreat of the shoreline. Continued periodic measurements and aerial surveys would be valuable in tracking the regression of the shoreline and useful for planning the future of public facilities located in Waimea Bay. PROBLEMS RELATED TO EROSION of a coastline luvium because ofchanges in sea level relative are often first noticed when people see that to the island, was once graded to a depth of man-made structures are in danger of being 215 ft below present sea level (Coulbourn, washed into the sea. In areas where there are Campbell, and Moberly 1974) and possibly no man-made structures along the shore, deeper. coastal erosion problems usually are not Other than the valley, the most prominent recognized.
    [Show full text]
  • Law Enforcement and Security Awards Banquet
    The Law Enforcement and Security Coalition of Hawaii presents 34th Annual Law Enforcement and Security Awards Banquet Recognizing Excellence in Law Enforcement and Security October 25, 2018 Prince Waikiki, Honolulu HI CONTENTS 05 BANQUET PROGRAM Opening ceremonies, invocation, welcome notes, awards... 06 WE ARE ONE Welcome note by Jim Frame, CPP, president of LEASC 07 BOB FLATING SCHOLARSHIP For an individual pursuing a degree in law enforcement or security. Recognizing Excellence 08 TOP COP SPONSORS in Law Enforcement Thanks for the support by Platinum, Diamond, and Gold Sponsors. and Security 16 MISTRESS OF CEREMONIES Profile of Paula Akana from KITV 4 Island News, our banquet emcee. 17 2018 TOP COP AWARDS For the past 34 years, the committed board members Exceptional Hawaii law enforcement and security individuals. of the Law Enforcement and Security Coalition of Hawaii have produced the Law Enforcement and 48 ELWOOD J. MCGUIRE AWARD Security Award Banquet in an effort to promote, en- Individual with outstanding service, support, assistance or activity that courage, and recognize excellence in the field of law has benefited the fields of law enforcement, security, or criminal justice. enforcement and security. 52 JUDGE C. NILS TAVARES AWARD All of the law enforcement agencies and security cor- Outstanding law enforcement or emergency management organization porations serving and operating in the state of Hawaii in Hawaii. are invited to nominate their TOP COPS who have distinguished themselves above the rest with their 56 OUTSTANDING ORGANIZATION AWARD dedication to duty, pursuit of excellence, and service Organization or association showing the greatest initiative and/or inno- to the community.
    [Show full text]
  • Hawaii River Basins Planning Status Report
    HAWAII RIVER BASINS U А Ш А I I PLANNING STATUS REPORT WATER RESOURCE APPRAISALS FOR HYDROELECTRIC LI CENSING BUREAU OF POWER 1 see WATER RESOURCE APPRAISALS FOR HYDROELECTRIC LI CENSI NG PLANNING STATUS REPORT This is one of a series of Planning Status Reports being pre­ pared for major river basins in the United States. These reports constitute the first step in a program of water resource appraisals for hydroelectric licensing. They are prepared by the Bureau of Power of the Federal Power Commission to identify those basins most in need of additional planning studies to provide information needed by the Commission in its hydroelectric li­ censing and other work. The Planning Status Reports show data on existing water resource developments and known po­ tentials, summarize the license status of non-Federal hydro­ electric developments, review past and current planning studies, and identify the needs for additional planning. The information presented in these reports is abstracted from available sources and its assembly involves no new studies. FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION BUREAU OF POWER 1 see HAWAII RIVER BASINS KAUAI NIIHAU OAHU Honolulu MOLOKAI LANAI & KAHOOLAWE DESCRIPTION OF THE BASIN Hawaii is the oceanic state of the United States consisting of a group of islands in the Pacific Ocean, the easternmost end of the chain being about 2,1+00 statute miles from California. The main group, lying south of the Tropic of Cancer, includes from east to west the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Kahoolawe, Lanai, Molokai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau. The Hawaiian Islands are part of a mostly submerged volcanic mountain range stretching some 2,000 miles across the floor of the north-central Pacific.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Ethnography and Archaeology of Russian Fort Elisabeth State Historical Park, Waimea, Kaua'i
    Historical Ethnography and Archaeology of Russian Fort Elisabeth State Historical Park, Waimea, Kaua'i Peter R Mills Department ofAnthropology, University ofVermont Introduction There is a sign on the highway in Waimea, Kaua'i in the Hawaiian Islands with the words "Russian Fort" printed on it. Local residents use the same term to refer to the State Historical Park that the sign marks. I give this introduction not because it is the best, but because it is the one that everyone else gets. Fort Elisabeth was built in Waimea, Kaua' i following an alliance between Kaumuali'i, paramount chief of Kaua'i, and Georg Anton Schiffer of the Russian-American Company (RAC) in 1816. Georg Schaffer and the RAC were forced to leave Kaua'i in 1817 which left Kaumuali'i in sole control of the fort. Most tourists visiting the site are surprised to fmd that Russians were building forts in the Hawaiian Islands, but the story of Fort Elisabeth and two smaller forts (Alexander and Barclay) on the north shore of Kaua'i (Figure 1) has been "well-tilled" (Barratt 1988:v) for over a century (Alexander 1894; Barratt 1988:15-24; Bolkhovitinov 1973; Bradley 1942; Emerson 1900; Golder 1930; Gronski 1928; Jarves 1844:201-203; Mazour 1937; Mehnert 1939: 22-65; Okun 1951; Pierce 1965; Tumarkin 1964:134-166; Whitney 1838:48-51). On Kaua'i, Fort Elisabeth seems to be perceived as a cumbersome and obscure monument to 19th century European expansion, lacking in any connection to traditional Hawaiian landscapes. Within the academic community, little recent attention focuses on the fort other than Richard Pierce's Russia's Hawaiian Adventure 1815-1817 (1965) with a follow-up article by Bolkhovitinov (1973).
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Sustainability Report
    The Cliffs at Princeville Sustainability Report 2018 The Cliffs at Princeville 3811 Edward Road Princeville, Kauai, Hawaii 96722 April 2019 Table of Contents Executive Summary ............................................................................................... 2 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 3 The Cliffs at Princeville ....................................................................................... 3 Sustainability Overview ..................................................................................... 3 The 2018 Sustainability Report .......................................................................... 4 Sustainability Focus at The Cliffs Today ................................................................ 5 Climate Change and Resiliency ............................................................................. 5 Results 2018: ...................................................................................................... 5 Operations and Community Engagement ............................................................. 6 Results 2018 ....................................................................................................... 6 2019 Additional Goals: ....................................................................................... 8 Energy Use ............................................................................................................. 8 Results 2018: .....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Russian Forts on Kauai, Hawaiian Islands: a Brief Synthesis
    19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450 ■ 707.847.3437 ■ [email protected] ■ www.fortross.org Title: The Russian Forts on Kauai, Hawaiian Islands: a Brief Synthesis Author (s): William K. Kikuchi and Delores L. Kikuchi Source: Fort Ross Conservancy Library URL: http://www.fortross.org/lib.html Unless otherwise noted in the manuscript, each author maintains copyright of his or her written material. Fort Ross Conservancy (FRC) asks that you acknowledge FRC as the distributor of the content; if you use material from FRC’s online library, we request that you link directly to the URL provided. If you use the content offline, we ask that you credit the source as follows: “Digital content courtesy of Fort Ross Conservancy, www.fortross.org; author maintains copyright of his or her written material.” Also please consider becoming a member of Fort Ross Conservancy to ensure our work of promoting and protecting Fort Ross continues: http://www.fortross.org/join.htm. This online repository, funded by Renova Fort Ross Foundation, is brought to you by Fort Ross Conservancy, a 501(c)(3) and California State Park cooperating association. FRC’s mission is to connect people to the history and beauty of Fort Ross and Salt Point State Parks. 1. · THE RUSSIAN FORTS ON YJ~UAI, HAWAIIAN ISLfu.~DS: A BRIEF SYNTHESIS by William K. Kikuchi and Delores L. Kikuchi PREFACE This report was written in partial fulfillment of Contract Number 11755 between the author and the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of State Parks. The contract originally called for the archaeological survey of .
    [Show full text]