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Us and the Spooks Iven the Wealth of Literature That Communism

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Us and the Spooks Iven the Wealth of Literature That Communism VOLUME 14 NO.7 JULY 2014 journal The Association of Jewish Refugees Us and the spooks iven the wealth of literature that Communism. The Secret Service had would hardly have expected to find himself has appeared in recent decades been formed in 1909 in response to the placed under covert surveillance, especially on the victims of Nazism, it threat from Germany, and Germany as it was his intention to warn Britain of Gis now rare indeed for a book on the and Germans remained the object of the danger represented by Nazi Germany’s refugees from Hitler in Britain to open its intense suspicion. MI5 was largely programme of rearmament. Another up to its readers an almost completely successful in neutralising the threat posed improbable target of MI5 scrutiny was the unexplored area of that history. writer and anti-Nazi activist Karl Yet this is the case with Charmian Otten, in whose membership of Brinson and Richard Dove’s study a tiny and insignificant refugee A Matter of Intelligence: MI5 grouping known as the Primrose and the Surveillance of Anti-Nazi League – which met at a refugee’s Refugees, 1933-1950 (Manchester flat near London’s Primrose Hill – University Press, 2014, £70.00). MI5 took a close, if unwarranted, This takes as its subject the British interest; it even detailed an agent, Security Service, commonly Claud W. Sykes, a translator known as MI5, and its attempts and author of popular books on to keep under surveillance any aerial combat in the First World potentially hostile elements War, to befriend Otten and among the many thousands of infiltrate the group. MI5 was also refugees who fled to Britain after given information about alleged 1933 from Nazi-held territories. security risks among the refugees MI5’s prime targets by informants from within the Thames House, MI5 headquarters were political refugees – the refugee community; ironically Communists, socialists, trade unionists, by the Nazi Auslandsorganisation (foreign these included Otten, as well as the activist pacifists and liberal progressives – rather organisation) in Britain – whose efficacy Kurt Hiller, an indefatigable participant than the mostly apolitical Jewish refugees can be measured by the fact that its leader in the bitter political infighting that who formed the great majority of those was a hair tonic salesman and a chum of distinguished the warring factions of the who escaped to Britain, though sometimes Rudolf Hess – and in keeping tabs on German Left even before 1933. the boundaries between the two groups native British Fascists and Mosleyites. But Ever since the Bolshevik Revolution were blurred. The book is based on detailed MI5’s suspicion of the refugees as Germans of 1917, MI5 had been acutely conscious and meticulous research, principally on the led it to carry out the intensive and largely of the need to counter the threat of MI5 files on refugees held at the National pointless monitoring of many completely Communist subversion. This obsession Archives in Kew, many of which have, harmless refugees and, worse still, led to its with the ‘Red Menace’ caused MI5 to be however, been destroyed or remain, even at culpable role as a leading instigator of the slow in its initial reaction to the aggressive this late date, closed to the public. Despite mass internment of ‘enemy aliens’, Jewish potential of Nazi Germany. It continued this, the authors have succeeded in building as well as ‘political’, in summer 1940. to devote considerable resources to up a compelling picture of the way in which Although Brinson and Dove discovered monitoring left-wing targets throughout MI5 proceeded towards the unexpected much evidence of casual anti-Semitism the 1930s and especially during the period influx of refugees from Germany, Austria in MI5 files and documents, they remain of the Nazi-Soviet Pact (August 1939 and Czechoslovakia into Britain. It is hardly unconvinced that MI5’s advocacy of – June 1941). Even after the German an exaggeration to say that almost every internment was primarily motivated by invasion of the Soviet Union, MI5 page of the book contains some fascinating anti-Semitism. continued to take an active interest in left- nugget of information about the interplay The extent of MI5’s misjudgement wing refugees. It was especially suspicious between the Security Service and its largely of the threat posed by the refugees from of left-leaning refugee organisations like unsuspecting refugee targets. Hitler in the pre-war years leaps out the Free German League of Culture and In the 1930s, MI5 directed most of from the pages of the book. For example, the Austrian Centre, as well as the Czech its activities against Germany and the when the elderly pacifist Otto Lehmann- Refugee Trust Fund, despite the fact that Soviet Union – against Nazism and Russbueldt arrived in Britain in 1933 he continued overleaf journal JULY 2014 Us and the spooks a number of refugee agents, including ....... DIARY DATE ....... continued Viennese-born Edith Tudor-Hart, a friend of Philby’s first wife, Litzi Friedmann; it AJR Lunch the latter had been set up by the British was Tudor-Hart who introduced Philby Sunday 21 September 2014 government to bring endangered refugees to Deutsch, thus setting in motion a Details to follow from Czechoslovakia to Britain. As Brinson catastrophe for British intelligence. and Dove show, it was thanks to the Home As befits impartial academics, Brinson Office that known Communists like Eva and Dove maintain a stance of strict moral SPECIAL EVENT Kolmer of the Austrian Centre and Jürgen and political neutrality in their depiction Kuczynski of the Free German League of of those who spied for the Soviet Union. The Last Train Culture, whose internment was repeatedly But such a position of neutrality itself demanded by MI5, remained at liberty. arguably implies a political judgment, to Tomorrow Despite the resources that MI5 the assumption of an approximate Sunday 9 November 2014, 3 pm devoted to monitoring security risks moral equivalence between the British at The Roundhouse, London NW1 among the refugees from Hitler, it failed and Soviet systems. This assumption is The world-famous composer and conductor Carl conspicuously in its task of detecting those widespread in fictional reconstructions Davis will perform the London premiere of his tribute who posed a genuine and serious threat to of the ‘Cambridge Five’, such as Alan to the Kindertransport, The Last Train to Tomor- British national interests. In particular, it Bennett’s depiction of Guy Burgess and row, on Sunday 9 November at The Roundhouse, London NW1. judged that the ‘atom spy’ Klaus Fuchs, Anthony Blunt in the films/stage plays An who had worked on the construction of Englishman Abroad (1983) and A Question As the date marks the anniversary of Kristallnacht, the proceedings will include a commemoration of the atomic bomb in the United States of Attribution (1988), and in Julian the Reichspogrom of 9-10 November 1938. and had returned to the Atomic Energy Mitchell’s fictionalised reworking of Guy Burgess’s schooldays at Eton in Another The event will also feature The Marriage of Research Establishment at Harwell in Figaro Overture by Mozart and Mendelssohn’s Violin 1946, posed no significant security risk. Country (1981). The novels of John le Concerto performed by the City of London Sinfonia The British arrested Fuchs only in 1950, Carré have immortalised the image of and the Finchley Children’s Music Group, together after the Americans discovered that he the British and Soviet security services as with an outstanding young violin soloist from the had been passing highly secret material competing institutions inevitably involved Yehudi Menuhin School. to the Soviets for years. MI5 was even less in the moral compromises of their trade As the event will take place on a Sunday afternoon, successful in uncovering the activities of and degenerating through the exigencies we particularly encourage members to bring along another known Communist among the of espionage and counter-espionage into a their children and grandchildren. refugees from Nazism, Engelbert Broda, world of barely distinguishable shades of Details of how to purchase tickets will be who engaged in scientific espionage at the ethically ambiguous grey. announced in due course, but to register your highest level in Britain but was allowed to To justify the behaviour of the Soviet interest in attending please email [email protected] return with impunity to his native Vienna, Union’s British spies, proponents of this where he died in 1983. view habitually invoke E. M. Forster’s Last but by no means least, MI5 was dictum that if he had to choose between ‘HANDBAGGED’ betraying his country and betraying his unsuccessful in countering the activities Thursday 24 July 2014, 2.30 pm of Arnold Deutsch, who had arrived in friend, he hoped he would have the guts Vaudeville Theatre, Britain in 1934 with instructions to set up to betray his country. That Philby and 404 The Strand, a Soviet spy network. Deutsch, the most company betrayed their country is beyond London, WC2R ONH successful Soviet spymaster in Britain in dispute: they disclosed its most valuable that period, was principally responsible secrets to its mortal enemies, undermined The monarch: Liz Her most powerful subject: Maggie for recruiting the notorious ‘Cambridge the institutions devoted to its defence, Five’ agents – Kim Philby, Guy Burgess, and did not hesitate to sacrifice the lives ‘Handbagged’ is a ‘wickedly funny’ (Evening Donald Maclean, Anthony Blunt and of the operatives of its security services. Standard) new play on the relationship between two giants of the 20th century. John Cairncross – who together wrought Furthermore, they did not do this in order untold damage on British interests and the to remain true to their friends.
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