ISSN: 2347-3215 Volume 2 Number 10 (October-2014) pp. 129-136 www.ijcrar.com

Encounter fish species of region with special reference to M.P.

Mukesh Kumar Napit*

Department of Zoology, Swami Vivekanand Govt. College Berasia, Bhopal (M.P.), India *Corresponding author

KEYWORDS A B S T R A C T

Fish The pollutants and drastic environmental variation have also adversely Fauna, effected and changed water qualities i.e. colour, hardness, turbidity , Biodiversity, alkalinity, pH. COD, BOD and TDS etc. Aquatic life, thus , also is affected. Endangered Changes in morphology of fish like- colour, pigmentation, length, weight Species mass, structure of scales, finrays etc. may occur. This can not be ignored that the afore-mention variation may be responsible to develop new varieties or sub species. Unfortunately, negligible work is done in relation to fish fauna of the area in recent-past. Though, appreciable limnological work is done, yet the fish fauna remained unexplored. The fauna study is of tremendous significance in determining population density and calculating sub specific diversity and conservation of ecosystem in Damoh District.

Introduction

The Bundelkhand region of north India is encompassed by two states, i.e., M.P. and Viyarma), are located in Damoh district of U.P. Its greater part falls in M.P. covering M.P. 5 district viz, Damoh, Sagar, , and Panna. Its terrain being The entire surrounding of the water bodies is rocky has reduced water level, and due to covered by deciduous forest. A sparsely this, the area has much irrigation bushy Jungle also exists at the basin of he potentiality. With a view to meet this reservoirs. Although, the district is rich in demand of the region M.P. state irrigation having natural water bodies, like lake, Ponds department is giving greater importance to ,reservoir and rivers. Very scanty work is the development of irrigation projects in available on the fresh water, fish fauna. Bundelkhand region. Accordingly, many These water bodies are main source of water major, medium and minor irrigation supply, which is utilized for drinking, reservoirs are constructed. Rajnagar lake, bathing, washing etc. But now a days, these Ponds and river s (Kopra, Sunar and w a t e r bodies are highly polluted due to the Industrial effluents, insecticides, herbicides,

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weedicides, fungicides and other human chemical component with fresh water Fish activities, Nitrate, Calcium chloride and non fauna of Damoh. Efforts would be made to soluble Phosphate have increased to find out the factors relating with the decline alarming level and decomposition of or increase in the biodiversity, for excessive bloom releases the methane and morphological variations and populations ammonia gases in water. Study of density, Because of pollution, human biodiversity of fish fauna and their invasion and production of selective many identification, is one of the interesting field species of fish has fallen to alarming level, of biological research, which gives us an because of this also the biodiversity of this idea abut the morphological variation and region has become unaffordable. population diversity of fauna in polluted and non polluted site of any particular habitat. The study will provide information of water pollution and morphological variation with Soni and Bais; (1986) Thakur and Sharma; population density of fish fauna. The (1986), did limnological work on Sagar- population density of fish, may help to Damoh, water bodies and reported some know about the species which may be physical and chemical components, Jhingran endangered, or at the verge of extinction in (1985), described the morphological the locality. variation and population density of fish in Bangladesh and Andhra Pradesh, and Threatned Fish Fauna Biodiversity Thakur; (1986), reported distribution of fresh water fishes in , but Though the introduction of the African nobody has paid any attention to their Cichlid, Oreochromis mossambicus correlation with the Fish faunal (Tilapia) in this region has been claimed as a success story by fishery experts, the species Material and Methods seem to have caused unanticipated impact on the fresh water bodies of this region. The water samples were collected during Though it is a species adapted for reverine July 2011 to June 2012. The Method of life, it was introduced extensively in lentic water analysis would be adopted as per and lotic water bodies (Purana pond, APHA standard method. Eleven Physico- Ragnagar pond, Kopra river and Sonar river) chemical parameters were analyzed and in Damoh district. Being a prolific breeder Amphibian were grouped accordingly. and a hardy fish, Tilapia now dominates indigenous ichthyofauna in many water Fish collected seasonally, from all polluted bodies of Damoh district. Studies on fish and non polluted selected sites by hand diversity of the study area in Damoh district, picking or fishing nets and would be showed abundant population of Tilapia, preserved in 5-10% formaldehyde in glass replacing native fish fauna in many areas. or plastic bottle. Authentic keys for identification and classification of fish, In Damoh district, the endemic species, C. would be used. Days fauna. (1958), fish chagunia, G. gotyla, Oxygaster bacaila, L. identification by H.R. Singh, Jhingaran ( guntea, O. bimaculatus, O. pabo, R. rita and 1985). R. pevimentata etc, was found in patchy distribution in different localities of the Results and Discussion water bodies, its occurrence was mostly rare The present investigation is planned to and occasional is facing extinction due to emphasize, the correlation of physic- the introduction of O. moassmbicus. 130

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SPECIES ENCOUNTER RECORD OF FISHES DURING THE YEAR FROM JULY 2013 TO JUNE 2014 IN VARIOUS LOCALITIES OF DAMOH DISTRICT.

Geographical Distribution in the Conservation Causes Species Distribution Study areas, Status (As per (Stations) IUCN-1990) Order : Clupeiformes Family : Notopteridae 1. Notopterus chitala (Ham.) Ind. (MP, UP., Bi.) A, A1, C1, D1, A2, B2, EN F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Pak, Nep, Bur, Mal. C2, A3, B3, C3 Hd. Phil. 2. Notopterus notopterus Ind. (MP, UP., Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, (Pallas) Pak, Nep, Bur, Mal. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, Hd. Phil. C3 Order : Cypriniformes Family : Cyprinidae 3. Barilus bendelisis (Ham.) Ind. (MP., As. A, C3 NE F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Him.) Tha, Cey, Pak. 4. Barilus bola (Ham.) Ind. (MP., UP., Ori. A, C3 EN F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pun., Bi), Pak, Bur, Bag. 5. Catla catla (Ham.) Ind. (M.P, U.P. , A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, Vu Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Bi.), Pak, Bur, Bag. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 6. Chaguius chagunio (Ham.) Ind. (MP, Ori, Pun. A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 EN F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Bi.), Pak, Bur. 7. Chela atpar (Ham.) Ind. (MP, UP., Ori.) A,C,D, A1, B1, C1, D1, LRlc F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Bur. A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 8. Chela laubuca (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,WB, Pun. B1, D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, LRnt F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. UP) Pak, Bur. B3, C3 9. Cirrhinus mrigala (Ham.) Ind. (MP., UP, Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak, Bag, Bur. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 10. Cirrhinus cirrhosus Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.) B1, D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, LRlc F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Ham.) Pak, Bag, Nep. Bur. B3, C3 11. Cirrhinus reba (Ham.) Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.) A,C,D, A1, B1, C1, D1, Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak, Bag, Nep. Bur. A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 12. Danio devario (Ham.) Ind. (MP., UP, Bi.) A, A3, B3, C3 CR F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak, Tha. 13. Garra gotyla (Gray) Ind. (MP., Ori. Bi.) A, C2, A3, B3, C3 NE F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak. 14. Labeo bata (Ham.) Ind. (MP., UP, Bi., A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Ori. WB, As.) Pak, D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, Hd. Cey. C3 15. Labeo boga (Bloch.) Ind. (MP, Bi., A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Mad.) Bur. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 16. Labeo calbasu (Ham.) Ind. (MP,UP, Bi.) A1, B1, A2, B2, C2, A3, LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Pak, Bur. B3, C3 Hd. 17. Labeo gonius (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,Bi.) Pak, A, D, A1, B1, C1, D1, LRnt F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Bur A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 18. Labeo pangusia (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,UP, Bi.) A, D, A1, A2, B2, C2, LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Pak, Bur. A3, B3, C3 Hd. 19. Labeo rohita (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,UP, Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, LRnt F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak, Bur. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 20. Labeo fimbriatus (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,Bi,) Bur. B,C,D, B1, A2, B2, C2, LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, A3, B3, C3, Hd. 21. Osteobrama cotio (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,Bi,) Pak, A, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 LRnt F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd.

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Bur. 22. Oxygaster bacaila (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,UP,) Pak, A, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 EN F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Cey. 23. Puntius chola (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,UP, Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak, Bur. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 24. Puntius chrysopterus (Mc Ind. (MP.,UP, Bi. B,C,D, D1, A2, B2, C2, CR F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Clelland) As.) Bur. A3, B3, C3 Hd. 25. Puntius conchonius Ind. (MP.,Bi,) Pak A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Ham.) D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 26. Puntius sarana (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,UP, Bi.) A, C,D, A1, B1, C1, D1, Vu F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Pak, Bur. A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Hd. 27. Puntius sophore (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,Bi., ) A, C,D, A1, B1, C1, D1, Vu F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Pak, Bur. A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Hd. 28. Puntius ticto (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,Ori. Pun. A, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Bi.) Pak, Bur, Cey. C3 Hd. 29. Puntius filamentosus Ind. (MP.,UP, Bi.) C1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, NE F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Ham.) Bur. C3 30. Rasbora daniconius Ind. (MP.,UP, Bi.) B3, C3 NE F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, (Ham.) Bur. Hd. 31. Rasbora elonga (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,Bi,) Pak, B3, C3 Vu F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Cey, Bur, Mal. Hd. 32. Tor pituitora (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,Bi., UP) A3, B3, C3 Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Bur. 33. Tor khudree (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,Bi,) Pak A3, B3, C3 Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. 34. Cyprinus carpio (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,UP,Bi. A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, NE F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pun.) Pak D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Family : Cobitidae 35. Lepidocephalichthys Ind. (MP.,UP, Bi.) A2, A3, B3, C3 NE F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. guntea (Ham.) Pak, Bur. 36. Nemacheilus botia (Ham.) Ind. (MP., Bi.) Pak, A2, A3, B3, C3 EN F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Bur. Hd. Family : Siluridae 37. Ompok bimaculatus Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.), A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, EN F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Bloch.) Pak, Cey, Bur, Mal, D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, Chi. C3 38. Ompok pabo (Ham.) Ind. . (MP, UP, Bi, A1, B1, C1, D1, A2, B2, EN F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Ori, Pun.) Pak Pak, C2, A3, B3, C3 Bur. 39. Wallago attu (Bl. & Ind. Pak, Cey, Bur, A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, LRnt F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Schn.) Chi. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Family : Bagridae 40. Mystus bleekeri (Day) Ind. (MP., UP, Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak, Bur, Cey. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 41. Mystus cavasius (Ham.) Ind. (MP, AS, Ori, A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Mad.) Pak, Bur. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, Hd. C3 42. Mystus menoda (Ham.) Ind. (MP.,UP, Bi. B1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, NE F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Ori, WB, As.) Pak. C3 Hd. Bur. 43. Mystus vittatus (Bloch.) Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.) A, D, A1, B1, C1, D1, Vu F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Pak, Cey, Bur A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Hd. 44. Mystus aor (Ham.) Ind. (MP, UP, Bi, A, A1, B1, C1, D1, A2, NE F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Ori, Pun.) Pak, Bur. B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Hd. 45. Mystus seenghala (Sykes.) Ind. (MP, Bi, Ori, A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, NE F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Pun.) Pak, Bur. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, Hd. C3

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46. Rita rita (Ham.) India, Pak, Bur. A, A2, B2, B3, C3 EN F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. 47. Rita pevimentata (Ham.) Ind. (M.P., Bi.) A2, B3, B3, C3 EN F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Pak, Bag. Hd. Family : Sisoridae F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. 48. Bagarius bagarius (Ham.) India and Pak. C3 CR F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Family: Schilbeidae 49. Eutropiichthys vacha India and Bur. C2, A3, B3, C3 EN F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Ham.) Family : Saccobranchidae 50. Heteropneustes fossilis Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Bloch.) Pak, Cey, Bur, Chi. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Family: Clariidae 51. Clarias batrachus (Linn.) Ind. (MP, UP, B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, D1, Vu F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Bi.Pun.) Pak, Bur. A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Hd. Order : Beloniformes Family: Belonidae 52. Xenentodon cancila Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, (Ham.) Pak, Bur, Cey. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, Hd. C3 Order: Ophiocephaliformes Family : Ophiocephalidae 53. Channa gachua (Ham.) Ind. (MP, UP, A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. As,Bi.) Pak, Cey, D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, Bur. C3 54. Channa marulius (Ham.) Ind. (MP, UP, Ori, C,D, B1, A2, B2, C2, LRnt F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. WB, As), Bur. A3, B3, C3 55. Channa puntatus (Bl.) Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.) A,C,D, A1, B1, C1, D1, LRnt F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak, Cey A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 56. Channa striatus (Bl.) Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, LRnt F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak, Cey, Chi. Phil. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Order : Perciformes Family: Centropomidae 57. Chanda nama (Ham.) Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, NE F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pak, Bur. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 58. Chanda ranga (Ham.) Ind. (MP, UP, Ori, B1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, LRlc F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Pun..) Pak, Bur. C3 Family: Nandidae 59. Nandus nandus (Ham.) Ind. (MP, UP, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 LRnt F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. Bi.Ori.) Bur. Family : Nandidae 60. Anabas testudineus Ind. (MP, UP, B1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, Vu F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, (Bloch.) Bi.WB, Pun.) Pak, C3 Hd. Bur. 61. Colisa fasiatus (Bl. & Ind. (MP, UP, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, Schn.) Bi.Ori.) Bur. Hd. Family : Gobioidae 62. Glossigobius giuris Ind. (MP, Bi.) Cey. A2, B2, C2, B3, C3 LRnt F, Cult, Ur, Pl, Ind, (Ham.) Hd. Family: Cichlidae 63. Oreochromus mossambica Ind. (MP, UP, A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, Vu F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Day) Bi.Ori, Pun, WB) D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 Family : Osphronemidae 64. Osphronemus goramy Ind. (MP, Bi.) Pak. B3, C3 EN F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Ham.) 134

Order :Mastacembeleformes Family: Mastacembelidae 65. Mastacembelus armatus Ind. (MP, UP, Bi.) A,B,C,D, A1, B1, C1, NE F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Lacepede) Bur. D1, A2, B2, C2, A3, B3, C3 66. Mastacembelus pancalus Ind. (MP, UP, A1, B1, A2, B2, C2, A3, NE F, Ur, Pl, Ind, Hd. (Ham.) Bi.Ori.) Bur. B3, C3

Ind.- India; MP- Madhya Pradesh; UP.- Uttar Pradesh; Bi-Bihar, Ori- Orissa, Pun- Pujnab, WB- West Bengal, AS- Assam, Him- Himachal Pradesh, Mad- Madras, Pak- Pakistan, Nep- Nepal, Bur- Burma, Bag- Bangladesh, Mal- Malaya, Phil- Philippines, Tha- Thailand, Cey- Ceylon, Chi- China. A= Mandirghat; B= Policelineghat; C= Maszidghat; D= Dhobighat; A1= Filter plant area; B1= Narsingarh area; C1= Ramnagar village area; D1= Lakhanpur village area; A2 = Kopra Dam; B2= Imlai village area; C2= Madkoleshwar area; A3= Narsingarh village area; B3= Bhadbhada Dam; C3= Tejgarh village area. NE- Not Evaluated, LRnt- Lower Risk near threatened, LRlc- Lower Risk least concern, Vu- Vulnerable, EN- Endangered, CR- Critically endangered. F- Food, S- Sport, Cult.- Cultivable, Ur- Urbanization, Pl- Pollution, Ind- Industrialization, Hd- Habitat destruction Narmada, Betwa and in Bundelkhand region O.mossambicus, because of similar by threatened Ichthyofauna of the river ecological requirements may challenge their Narmada in western zone (Verma and very survival. Kanhere-2007). These two fishes were reported to be inhabitant of cold region, their Garra gotyala is collected from Narsingarh presence in sanctuary region of Tejgarh, area. According to the original description which is surrounded by deep forest and this species can be readily distinguished where water is deep. Though their from the other species of the genus by its population is not very high, yet their elongated body form, broad head, broadly presence is made in Damoh district. It seems rounded snout without tubercles, absence of that either these fishes have got shelter by proboscis and lateral lobes, and total having in Narmada Betwa, so this region or absence of scales on ventral surface and mid put in the water body by some people or dorsal streak. The specimens collected in the Agency. State Fisheries Department of present study indicate that all the above Damoh district did not say anything about it. mentioned characters are present, except one. The specimens collected during the Nandus nandus the only representative of present study had scales on the mid dorsal the family nandidae since to be biomarker. streak. Large number of depth have been observed during the month of August-September of During the present study it is concluded that this specimen probably because of like C. the species with narrow range of chagunio, R. daniconius, T. Putuitora, T. temperature tolerance are Nemachelius Khudree, R. rita, B. bagarius, A. testudineus botia, Bagarius bagarius and Cyprinus and O. goramy are found in Kataw region in corpio, Osphronemus goramy, collected Ranidurgabati sanctuary of Singourgarh is Brown Trout from Nidan water bodies of reported perhaps the first time. The Veerangana Ranidurgawati Sanctuary, population of these fishes are very thin and where the temperature in very low, also is to speculate that the fishes have been indicates their narrow range. introduce first time in this region during study period. T. Pitutiora and T. Khudree have brought me surprise after identification which Ecosystem functioning is dictated to a large abolished by the report of the presence in extent by diversity and the community

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structure that results from factors such as Geobios, nest, Report 5 pp 187-190. richness and evenness of diversity. Thus, Science, Acad. Vol.-2. recent studies in biology focus more on the 7. Thakur S.S. and Sharma A. (2004); Fish quantitative aspects of biodiversity that can Diversity of Yashwant Sagar Reservoir be used to understand fluctuations in Indore, Madhya Pradesh, Him. J.Env. ecosystem functioning and help in Zool. Vol.- 18 No. (2) 2004 pp 117-119. prioritization of areas for conservation. 8. Verma and kanhare (2007); Ecological Studies on predatory Fishes of Sagar Conclusion Lake, Geobios, Vol.- 6 pp 269-271

Though I have done hard efforts to collect and identify the fish of this locality. Still I feel like there is a big gap in study of biodiversity of this region. Feeding and reproduction behavioral study of many such animals are still to be done. Many morphological changes occur in males and female which will help other biologists. The depleting population of many species of the groups studied is very alarming and to prevent further loss of species it is the need of the time to awoken the villagers, tribal and citizens.

References

1. APHA (1985); Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater American Public Health Association Washington D.C. New York. 2. Days. F. (1958); Fresh water fish fauna of British India. Vol. 1,2,-3. 3. Jhingran, V.G. (1985); Fish and Fisheries of India. Hindustan Publishing Corporation Delhi. 4. Soni D.D. and Bais (1986); Fishes of of Madhya Pradesh, Bharti Journal. Vol. 42, No.- 15(17) Part II Sec. B pp 59-68. 5. Singh H.R. and Jhingran V.G. (1985); Freshwater fishes of Indian region, India, Narendra Publishing House, New Delhi. 6. Thakur S.S. (1986); Seasonal variation of pH and alkalinity and their interrelationship in Sagar Lake.

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