IEE: India: SH-47: Damoh-Hata-Gasiabad I/C Hata

Environmental Assessment Report

Initial Environmental Examination for SH-47: Damoh–Hata–Gasiabad i/c Hata Town Portion Project Road Project Number: 43063 November 2010

IND: Madhya Pradesh State Roads Project III

Prepared by Government of Madhya Pradesh for the Asian Development Bank (ADB).

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

Table of Contents Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………… 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1. Project Background/Rationale ...... 1 1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment ...... 2 1.3. Purpose of the Study ...... 2 1.4. Extent of IEE ...... 3 1.5. IEE Content ...... 3 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements ...... 3 1.7. Methodology ...... 4 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources ...... 4 1.7.2. Public Consultation ...... 5 2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK 6 2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project ...... 6 2.2. Environmental Clearance Process ...... 7 2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework ...... 9 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 10 3.1. Project Location ...... 10 3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road ...... 11 3.3. Category of the Project ...... 15 3.4. Need for the Sub-Project ...... 15 3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic ...... 16 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities ...... 16 3.7. Material required and Sourcing ...... 22 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost ...... 24 4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 25 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate ...... 26 4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality ...... 27 4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology ...... 28 4.1.4. Geology/Soil ...... 28 4.1.5. Seismicity ...... 29 4.1.6. Land use ...... 30 4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 31 4.1.8. Groundwater ...... 33 4.1.9. Surface water ...... 33 4.2. Ecological Resources ...... 34 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 34 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...... 41 4.3. Socio-Economic Environment ...... 41 4.3.1. Economic Development ...... 41 4.4. Infrastructural Facilities ...... 42 4.4.2. Population and Communities ...... 43 4.4.3. Literacy ...... 45 4.4.4. Occupational Status ...... 45 4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance ...... 46 4.4.6. Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others ...... 46 ii

5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 47 5.1. Impact on Physical Environment ...... 47 5.1.1. Climate ...... 47 5.1.2. Natural Hazard ...... 48 5.1.3. Air Quality ...... 48 5.1.4. Noise ...... 49 5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil ...... 51 5.1.6. Groundwater ...... 54 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies ...... 54 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage ...... 55 5.2. Impact on Biological Environment ...... 56 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology ...... 56 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology ...... 57 5.2.3. Fauna ...... 58 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste ...... 58 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact ...... 59 5.4.1. Positive Impacts ...... 59 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts ...... 59 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic ...... 62 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials ...... 63 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact ...... 64 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 66 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed ...... 66 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements ...... 66 6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments ...... 69 7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM 72 7.1. Environmental Management Plan ...... 72 7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP)72 7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan ...... 72 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) ...... 72 7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator ...... 73 7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP ...... 74 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement ...... 74 7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building ...... 77 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 79 8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 81 8.1. Conclusions ...... 81 8.2. Key Recommendations: ...... 82

List of Tables Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project ...... 1 Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources ...... 4 Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project ...... 6 Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details ...... 12 Table 3.2 : List of Major and Minor Intersections ...... 13 Table 3.3 : ADT of Project Road ...... 16 Table 3.4 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road ...... 16 Table 3.5 : Sections for Existing Pavement Widening ...... 19 Table 3.6 Proposed Improvement shoulder ...... 19 iii

Table 3.7 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain ...... 20 Table 3.8 : Crash Barrier Location ...... 21 Table 3.9 : List of Borrow Area ...... 23 Table 3.10 : Quarry/crusher Locations Chainagewise ...... 23 Table 3.11 : Availability of Sand Locations Chainage-wise ...... 24 Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts ...... 25 Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall (mm) at Damoh During Past Six Years ...... 27 Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly) ...... 27 Table 4.4 : Noise Level Along the Project Section ...... 28 Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road ...... 29 Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State ...... 30 Table 4.7 : Chainage wise land use along the project road...... 30 Table 4.8 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor ...... 32 Table 4.9 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor ...... 33 Table 4.10 : Surface Water Quality of the rivers in project area ...... 34 Table 4.11 : List of Plant Species found in the Study Area ...... 36 Table 4.12 : List of Fauna found in the Study Area ...... 38 Table 4.13 : List of Reptiles in the Study Area ...... 39 Table 4.14 : List of Butterflies found in the study area ...... 39 Table 4.15 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area ...... 40 Table 4.16 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country ...... 44 Table 4.17 : List of villages in the project road ...... 44 Table 5.1 : List of Some Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment ...... 50 Table 5.2 : Common Property Resources Along the Alignment ...... 64 Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation with Government Officials ...... 67 Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs ...... 68 Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community ...... 70 Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations ...... 75 Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II ...... 78

List of Figures Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India ...... 8 Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies ...... 9 Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-47 ...... 10 Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road ...... 11 Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road ...... 18 Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 26 Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map ...... 30 Figure 4.3 : Drainage map of the Project Road SH-47...... 32 Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh ...... 35 Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya pradesh ...... 38 Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section ...... 45 Figure 4.7 : Literacy rate along the project section ...... 45 Figure 4.8 : Occupational Status ...... 46 Figure 7.1 : Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation ...... 77

List of Appendix Appendix 3.1 : Inventory and Survey Condition of Bridges ...... 84 Appendix 3.2 : Rapid Environmental Assessment Checklist ...... 88 Appendix 4.1 : National Ambient Air Quality Standards ...... 92 Appendix 4.2 : Ambient Noise Level Limits (In Leq dB(A)), India ...... 93

Appendix 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991) ...... 94 Appendix 4.4 : Water Quality Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979) ...... 97 APPENDIX 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management ...... 98 Appendix 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-47: Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad 60.7 km) ...... 102 Appendix 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators ...... 124

Map 1: Location Map of MP State Highways Project i

Map 2: Location Map of SH-47: Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad Project Road

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction 1. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 2. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). 3. To address this problem, Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010.The project also includes the institutional strengthening of the road sector under separate TA 7198(IND) which will enhance EA’s capacity for road asset development and management.

Description of Project 4. The proposed upgrading/rehabilitation of the State Highway-47 Damoh-Hata- Gaisabad including Hata town Sub-project, one of the 15 state highway subprojects about 62.7 km long. The subproject will upgrade the existing bad road condition into a paved 2-lane divided carriageway configuration with improved road geometry, proper and adequate embankment, rehabilitation of existing bridges, adequate cross-drainage structures and side drains, improvement of junctions/intersections, underpasses, and wayside amenities. This road design will be adequate to cater to the volume of traffic until 2029 which is predicted to increase from the current 4308 to 14852 vehicles (average annual daily traffic). The sub-project will be implemented in 24 months with an estimated cost of INR 954 Million. 5. The sub-project was classified as Category-B as provided in the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) based on screening of likely impacts and sub-project location which does not pass through or located near any national park, wildlife sanctuary, or any other ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. Under the EIA Notification, 2006 promulgated under Environment (Protection) Act 1986, the i

subproject is categorised as Category ‘B” and does not requires prior environmental clearance from State Environmental Impact Assessment Authority (SEIAA)1. 6. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project report and sub-project details provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross- drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 m on either side of the alignment. However, the study area impact zone is considered up to 7 km on both sides of road alignment to allow for a larger analysis of landuse and other environmental features.

Description of Environment 7. The Sub-Project passes through Damoh in the western Madhya Pradesh which has semi arid weather. January is the coldest month with minimum temperature of about 6oC. The average annual rainfall of the district is observed to be 1035 mm. The air is generally humid in this region during the monsoon when the average relative humidity varies in the range of 52 to 80%. Generally light to moderate winds prevails throughout the year. The predominant wind direction was recorded to be flowing from North-East, North-West and North`. 8. The ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) with concentrations of SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx ranging from 81 to 167 µg/m3, 34 to 82 µg/m3, 4.3 to 12.6 µg/m3 and 5.5 to 16.7 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. The noise levels are also within the prescribed limits. 9. Most of the project area lies in vast open agricultural land and is largely free from air pollution and noise generating sources with the exception of habited locations such as Lakshman Dham (Khujeri), Palar, Ankhera (Bangaon), Luhari, Hata town, Hardua, Ghataria, Sakour (Hinota Kala), Budwar, Gaisabad etc. where ambient SPM concentrations exceeded standards due to traffic congestion, unpaved shoulders and inadequate road capacity. The topography of the subproject area is flat. The project area is occupied by Vindhyan Supergroup which constitutes un-metamorphosed columns of Calcareous, Arenaceous, and Argillaceous sediments. The soil type of Damoh district is mainly the shallow to medium Black soil. In some portion of the district alluvial soil is also found. The project area is mainly covered by sandy clay loam soil with good organic content. 10. The predominant land use of the project districts is agricultural followed by builtup area. The project area is drained by few rivers like Sonar and Kopra and their tributaries. Sohar river crosses the road is found to be non perennial as per the physical verification. The Kopra River is running in left hand side of the road. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. The depth of water table falls below 150 feet during summer season. The ground and surface water quality conforms to the prescribed drinking water standards. 11. There are no forests along the alignment. No other similar eco-sensitive areas is either crossed or located nearby the project alignment. Since most part of the

1 The EA has yet to formally approach MoEF for formal categorisation and grant of environmental clearance.

project corridor passes through open agricultural land, large number of roadside trees is not affected considering to the length of the project road. Trees along roadside are mainly fruit bearing in nature. The project area is dominated by species such as Mangifera indica, Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica etc. The dominant species found along the road side are Shisham or Indian Rosewood- Dalbergia sissoo, Mango-Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus spp., Jamun or Java Plum- Syzygium cumini, Teak- Tectona grandis, Khair- Acacia catechu, Neem- Azadirachta indica, Kikar or Babul- Acacia nilotica, Mahua - Madhuca indica and Bamboo Plantations. It is anticipated that about 471 numbers of trees shall be removed along the project section. During the survey langur and macaque were sighted in different locations. The existence of Jackals, Foxes, Hare, macaque in the study area was also informed by the villagers. 12. No organized fishing was observed along the project road. The important fishes commonly available in the region are Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeio calbase, Cirrihinus, mirgigale, Clarius, batrachus, Rita rita, Heteropneuptus fonilis, Notopterus nontopterus, N. Chitala, Macrobrachum rosenbergii, M. malconsini, M. Chapral, Channa punetatus C. gaehua, C.striatus. However, there is no breeding or spawning ground of these species in any of the water bodies in the project area since the water availability and flow velocity is quite low and unfavourable for breeding. No migratory fishes are found in these rivers. 13. The main economic crops of the district are Soyabean, Wheat, Gram Jowar and Pulses. The district is economically backward because of unfertile land and lack of irrigation sources. The industries in the study area includes oilseed milling, handloom weaving and dyeing and the manufacture of bell-metal vessels and pottery, bidi (indigenous cigarette) factories, cement, gold and silver smithies. A number of betel leaf gardens are located around Damoh which are exported. However, no industries exist along the project road. 14. The total number of households in the villages of the project road is 8688 with a population of about 45065. Out of these, about 77.54 % is general. The SC/ST population accounts for about 22.4% of the total population. The project road covering 14 villages have total literacy rate of 62.7%.The population of literate male (60.51%) is comparatively high than female literate (39.48%). The maximum percentage of the workers along the project section is agricultural. The tribal population in the project area is very low (1.4%) in the project area.

Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 15. All pre-construction, construction, and operation activities that were likely to cause environmental impacts were identified, and evaluated to assess their magnitude, duration, and potential receptors in consultation with the stakeholders. Consultations were made with the government representatives (District Forest Office, State Pollution Control Board, Water Resources Department, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, and the District Rural Development Authority), local communities (Lakhsman Dham, Bangaon, Hata, Hinota Kala, Gaisabad), and NGOs (Bhopal Yuwa Paryavaran Shikshan and Samajik Sansthan, Ecosake Society for Environment Conservation and Social Awareness, Green Heart Nature Club, Forum for Environmental Protection, Energy Environment and Development Group, Centre for Envirocare and Energy Technology) between June to July 2010. iii

16. The significant impacts during design and construction stage include the constricted sections of the roads which will be by-passed or require road alignment improvement to avoid and minimize resettlement and other sensitive structures and locations particularly in Lakshman Dham, Palar, Ankhera (Bangaon), Luhari, Hata town, Hardua, Ghataria, Sakour (Hinota Kala), Budwar, Gaisabad. An estimated 471 trees will be removed along the road to allow for its expansion but will be compensated at a rate of 1:10 plantation along the road. Short-term deterioration of air quality due to increase in fugitive dust emissions and noise level from earthmoving, ground shaping, unpaved transport, and emissions from heavy equipment and other mobile sources. Water suppression to control dust, use of clean fuels, changing the location and timing of construction activities and equipment will minimize these impacts. Land use conversion particularly of residential areas and relocation of structures within the ROW will be implemented with following a meaningful consultation and acceptable compensation and relocation agreements. All borrow areas will comply with national laws and regulations. Impacts from the establishment and operation of the construction camps like generation and disposal of solid wastes, sewage, potable water requirements, health/hygiene, and safety is part of the contractor’s responsibility highlighting the need for compliance with applicable laws. Waste and material use minimization will be promoted to decrease the volume of wastes that will be generated. Traffic safety to workers and pedestrian, particularly to children is considered through the preparation and strict implementation of a Traffic Control Plan to be prepared by the contractor prior to construction activities and in consultation with the affected communities. 17. During operation stage, the main impacts are on the surface water hydrology since the construction of a road crosses several river/rivulets in the flood-affected sections which can act as impediment to natural flow of water. Other issues relate to increase in mobile emissions, road safety to motorist, pedestrian and animals. To minimize the impact on the local hydrology, adequate cross drains and their proper maintenance will be implemented. Information and education campaign through the use of signs and posters distributed along the roadside encouraging motorist to properly maintain their vehicles, and proper driving habits to reduce emissions, reduce fuel consumption, and promote safety will be made. Finally, traffic control measures will be implemented to ensure safety to pedestrian.

Conclusion 18. In general, the sub-project received immense support from local people with some concerns and apprehensions related to compensation for land and safety on roads. The local people appreciated that besides providing an all weather efficient connectivity to large population and improving the traffic scenario in the region, it will bear out several other positive economic and social benefits which outweigh the negative environmental impacts. 19. This initial environmental examination (IEE) ascertains that the sub-project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. Few impacts were identified attributable to the proposed sub-project, all of which are localized and temporary in nature and can be easily mitigated with minor to negligible residual

impacts. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Project Background/Rationale 20. Madhya Pradesh, with abundant mineral resources, and growing agricultural and industrial production, need a well developed road network to cater to the increasing intra-state and regional traffic. Also, since it is centrally located within the country, most of the long haul north-south and east-west bound road traffic passes through the state. Therefore, the existing inadequate and damaged road infrastructure needs to be improved on priority to sustain the economic and social progress of the state. The improved road network with good interlinking between national, state highways and major district roads will not only contribute in significantly developing rural economy and reducing poverty but also increase the road capacity to cater the high projected traffic, reduce travel time and also contribute for lesser vehicular pollution emission. 21. Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), the executing agency (EA), is responsible to provide an integrated transport system in the state that is safe, efficient, affordable, accessible to all and environmentally sustainable. As per its mandate, MPRDC plans to improve various major district roads to at least two lanes carriage way level with funding support from Asian Development Bank (ADB). 22. Government of Madhya Pradesh (GOMP) has approached ADB for financial assistance for improving a total of 15 state roads covering a length of about 1081 kms under Madhya Pradesh State Highways III Project (MPSRSP III) programmed to be processed for implementation in 2010. The road sections details under MPSRSP III are given in Table 1.1

Table 1.1 : Road Sections under MP State Highways III Project

S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) I. BHOPAL PACKAGE 1 1 Bhind-Ater-Porsa SH-2 60.85 Bhind –Morena Mihona-Lahar-Daboh-Bhander- 2 2 SH-45 85.70 Bhind-Datia Chirgaon Shivpuri - Pichhore-Chanderi-Mungawali-Onder- 3 3 SH-19 146.50 Ashoknagar- Kurwai Vidisha 4 7 Manawar-Mangod SH-38 49.63 Dhar 5 9 Sardarpur-Rajgarh-Bagh SH-35 50.43 Dhar Shajapur- 6 10 Agar-Barod-Alot-Jawara SH-41 108.70 Ratlam-Ujjain- Pachor-Chapikheda-Jirapur-Machalpur- Rajgarh- 7 11 SH-51 86.70 Soyat Shajapur 8 13 Badi-Baktar-Dobi-Shahganj-Budhni SH-15 58.78 Raisen-Sehore 9 14 Silwani-Udaipura Road SH-44 28.58 Raisen Total (Bhopal Pkg) 675.87 2

S. Road SH Length Districts Name of Roads No. No. No. (KM) II. JABALPUR PACKAGE 10 16 Rahatgarh-Khurai-Khimlasa SH-42 47.48 Sagar Damoh-Hata-Gasiabad i/c Hata Town 11 18 SH-47 62.66 Damoh Portion Hata-Patera-Kumhari & Raipura- Damoh-Panna- 12 19 SH-48 91.28 Salaiya-Bahuribandh-Sihora Katni-Jabalpur 13 20A Amarpatan-Gorsari-Badera SH-13 46.50 Satna-Katni Sundara-Singhpur-Kothi-Jaitwara- Panna-Satna- 14 21 SH-52 85.29 Birsinghpur-Semaria Rewa 15 22 Sidhi-Beohari SH-55 71.29 Sidhi-Shahdol Total (Jabalpur Pkg) 404.49 Grand Total (Bhopal Pkg + Jabalpur 1,080.36 Pkg) Source: MPRDC

1.2. Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) and Environmental Assessment 23. ADB has fielded TA: 7198 IND to assist MPRDC Road Construction Department (RCD) in project preparation for possible financing of MPSRSP III. As a part of this TA and safeguard requirement of ADB, environmental assessment has been carried out in accordance with relevant country’s applicable laws, regulations and in consistent to ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines, 2003 and Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009. Each sub-project was scrutinized as to its type, location, scale, and sensitivity and the magnitude of its potential environmental impacts. 24. The present report pertains to Damph-Hata-Gaisabad including Hata town (SH-47) sub-project. This sub-project is categorized as Category ‘B’ and hence an initial environmental examination (IEE) has been undertaken. 1.3. Purpose of the Study 25. This IEE report documents the environmental assessment of the Damoh- Hata-Gaisabad Road Subproject (hereafter the Subproject) and identifies the environmental issues to be considered at project planning and design stage. The IEE addresses the environmental management requirements of (i) the Government of India (GOI); (ii) the donor, Asian Development Bank (ADB), and (iii) the Project. In general, In general, an IEE addresses the following:

o Provides information about the baseline environmental setting of the subproject; 3

o Provides information on potential impacts of the Subproject and their likely characteristics including magnitude, distribution, duration, and who will be affected; o Provides information on potential environmental impacts of the proposed subproject activities with its magnitude, distribution and duration o Provides information on required mitigation measures with cost to minimize the impacts o Analyses the alternatives options considering alternative locations, designs, management approaches, for selection of most feasible and environmental acceptable options. o Provides details of stack holders consultation o Suggest environmental management and monitoring plan with institutional measures for effective implementation of mitigative measures proposed. 1.4. Extent of IEE 26. IEE was conducted based on Detailed Project Report (DPR) provided by the design team during the preparation of this report. Certain changes may occur in the sub-project structural components but these changes are unlikely to cause significant environmental impacts. The IEE covers all activities proposed under the project including various bridges and cross-drainage structures constructions. The core zone of impact is taken as 100 meters either side of the alignment. However, the study area is considered up to 7 km on either side of road alignment for larger analysis of land-use and other environmental features. Assessment is carried out for all components of environment covering terrestrial and aquatic ecology, soil, water, noise and socio economic aspects. 1.5. IEE Content 27. The IEE has been largely structured as per SPS, 2009 and ADB’s Environmental Assessment Guidelines (2003). This includes following eight chapters including this introduction Chapter. • Chapter 1- Introduction • Chapter 2- Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework • Chapter 3- Description of Project • Chapter 4- Description of Environment • Chapter 5- Anticipated Impacts and Mitigation Measures • Chapter 6- Information Disclosure, Consultation, and Participation • Chapter 7- Environment Management Plan and Grievance Redress Mechanism • Chapter 8- Conclusion and Recommendation 1.6. Team Composition and Acknowledgements 28. The environmental assessment has been carried out by the team of the environmental Experts of EQMS India Pvt. Ltd. The environmental team acknowledges the support extended by the executing agency, design consultant, and state departments/agency of forest, water resources and pollution control Board etc.

1.7. Methodology 29. Suitable methodology was adopted to accomplish the study. As the first step, project-scoping exercise was undertaken identifying the parameters needed to be considered for the study and to outline the activities for collecting data on each parameter. Data pertaining to all facets of environment viz. physical, ecological and socio-economic environment both through primary and secondary sources were collected. The stepwise activities includes: • Review of legal requirements • Review of feasibility study • Reconnaissance survey for identification of key issues data requirement and preliminary consultation. • Primary and Secondary data Collection • Consultation with stakeholders • Identification of Impacts and Mitigation measures • Institutional Review and finalization of EMP in consultation with EA. 1.7.1. Information/ data Sources Key relevant information sources has been summarised in Table 1.2.

Table 1.2 : Primary and Secondary Information Sources

Environmental Parameters Information Sources Project objectives, Technical Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation information on existing road (MPRDC) and Design Consultant features and proposed rehabilitation work Inventory of road features like Ground Physical surveys and Strip Plans by water Bodies, Community Design Consultant structures, environmentally sensitive locations areas, congested locations etc. Climatic Condition India meteorological Department, DPR, primary data collection Geology, Seismicity, Soil and Central Ground Water Authority, State of Topography Environment report published by SPCB, Government websites and primary data collection Land Use/ Land Cover Survey of India (SoI) Toposheet, Observation during survey and Satellite Imagery Drainage Pattern Survey of India Toposheet, water resources, field observation and local people, GIS Based land use analysis Status of forest areas. Compensatory afforestation Divisional Forest Office, Damoh norms etc. Status of Fishing Activity District Fisheries offices and Local Fishermen Air quality Noise, Soil and Water Onsite monitoring and Analysis of Field samples Borrow Areas, Quarries and other Design consultant and public consultation during construction material source field visit River geo-morphology, hydrology, Water resources department, DPR and 5

Environmental Parameters Information Sources drainage, flood patterns, information from local people, field observations Socio-economic Environment Different Govt. agencies/civic bodies, Official websites maintained by state Govt., census of India 2001 and Public Consultation during the Field survey, through figures collected from Directorate of Statistics. 1.7.2. Public Consultation 30. Extensive consultations were held with all stakeholders’ viz. local and beneficiary population, govt. departments/agencies, fishermen, road users and NGOs with intent to collect baseline information, for better understanding of the potential impacts and appreciate the perspectives/concerns of the stakeholders. Information thus gathered was used to integrate it in project design and formulating mitigation measures and environmental management plan. .

2. POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

2.1. Country’s Legal Framework and Regulatory Requirements for the Project 31. The legal framework of the country consists of several acts, notifications, rules and regulations to protect environment and wildlife. Review of Indian legal system has been critically reviewed to identify its applicability to the project. A list of all required clearances/ permissions related to environment has been summarised in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1 : Permissions/Clearances Required for the Sub-Project2

Concerned S.No. Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility Agency A. Pre-construction Stage Environmental EIA Notification, 2006 amended till State Not applicable Clearance3 date, promulgated under Environment Environmental for this (Protection) Act 1986 Impact particular road (not required Assessment stretch as it is 1 for this Sub- Authority an expansion Project) (SEIAA) 4. of existing road and no new bypasses are to be constructed Permission for Forest Conservation Act (1980) District Level felling of trees Procedural Guidelines developed by Committee the Department of Environment GoMP, constituted by 2 MPRDC under the orders of the Hon’ble High the State Court; Tree removal will be guided as Govt. per state government rules.

2 Since this project is not passing through any protected areas or ground water authority notified areas, therefore the following list of laws will not be applicable to this project. a. Central Ground Water Authority b. Wildlife (Protection) Act 2002 and rules thereof c. The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remain Act 1958/Rules 1959

3 This Particular clearance is applicable to all new road projects as mentioned underneath. However for this road stretch as it is expansion of existing road and no bypasses are being constructed so this clearance is not applicable. The Notification and its latest amendment entails requirement of prior environmental clearance to the following road projects. Category A -i) New National High ways; and ii) Expansion of National High ways greater than 30 km, involving additional right of way greater than 20m involving land acquisition and passing through more than one State. Category B-ii) All State High ways; and ii) Expansion projects in hilly terrain (above 100 m mean seal level (msl) and or ecologically sensitive areas)

Note: A general condition applies to both of the above category: “Any project or activity specified in Category ‘B’ will be treated as Category A, if located in whole or in part within 10 km from the boundary of: (i) Protected Areas notified under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, (ii) Critically Polluted areas as notified by the Central Pollution Control Board from time to time, (iii) Notified Eco-sensitive areas, (iv) inter-State boundaries and international boundaries”.

4 The SEIAA has varying opinion about its applicability. EA propose to take official confirmation about applicability of this notification. EA will obtain the environmental clearance in case SEIAA directs about the same. 7

Concerned S.No. Clearances Acts/Rules/Notifications/Guidelines Responsibility Agency B. Implementation Stage River Board Authorities/ Permission for Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Department of 3 Sand Mining Development) Act, 1957 as amended Contractor Mining Govt. from river bed in 1972 of Madhya Pradesh Consent to Madhya operate Hot mix Air (Prevention and Control of Pradesh 4 Contractor plant, Crushers, Pollution) Act 1981 Pollution Batching Plant Control Board Authorization Madhya for Disposal of Hazardous Waste (Management and Pradesh 5 Contractor Hazardous Handling) Rules 1989 Pollution Waste Control Board Consent for Madhya Disposal of Water (Prevention and Control of Pradesh 6 Contractor Sewage from Pollution) Act 1974 Pollution Labour camps Control Board Use of Fly ash within 100 kms Fly Ash Notification, 1999 as amended 7 th MoEF Contractor around Thermal up to 17 August 2003: Power plants. Department of Pollution Under Transport, 8 Control Central Motor and Vehicle Act 1988 Govt. of Contractor Certificate Madhya Pradesh The Building and Other Construction Employing District Labour 9 Workers (Regulation of Employment Contractor Labour/workers Commissioner and Conditions of Service) Act, 1996,

2.2. Environmental Clearance Process 32. The environmental clearance is not applicable for this sub-project since expansion is confined along the existing road corridor with no new bypass. However, the procedure for obtaining environmental clearance has been depicted as Figure 2.1 for reference purposes only.

Figure 2.1 : Environmental Clearance Procedure in India 9

2.3. Administrative Structure and the Interactive framework 33. The Government through specific legislations regulates the environmental management system in India. The MoEF and the pollution control boards (CPCB i.e. Central Pollution Control Board and SPCBs i.e. State Pollution Control Boards) together form the regulatory and administrative core of the part. Other Ministries/Statutory Bodies/departments responsible for ensuring environmental compliance and granting various clearances includes State ministry /Dept. of environment, regional offices of MoEF and state forests/wildlife departments. Their key roles and responsibilities and interface among them have been concisely depicted through the flow diagram in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2 : Legislative Interface among various regulatory bodies

3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.1. Project Location 34. The sub project road Damoh – Hata - Gaisabad road section segment of SH-47 is 62.70 Km long and traverse through Damoh district of Western Madhya Pradesh. The Location map of project road and MP State Highway Projects is given as Figure 3.1. This project is important as it provides connectivity to NH 75 (Refer Table 3.2 for schematic view) NH 25. (Refer Figure 3.2 for schematic view)

Figure 3.1 : Location Map of SH-47

ROAD No. 18

DAMOH - HATA - GAISABAD (62.7 Kms) TO PANNA GAISABAD ( END POINT) HARDUA GADARIYA

HATA Town

MUDIA

TO HIRAPUR TO BANDAKPUR BANDAKPUR CHAURAHA (START POINT) TO DAMOH KEY PLAN OF ROAD (START / END POINTS)

Figure 3.2 : Connectivity to the project Road

3.2. Characteristics of the Existing road

35. Right of Way and carriageway width: The existing carriageway is a single\intermediate road having flexible pavement with widths varying between 3.0 to 5.5 m along the entire length of the project road. Right of Way (ROW) available for the entire project road is around 14-20 m on either sides from road centre line, except in built up areas and forest sections where it is around 10 m. The existing road has earthen shoulder of about 1.0 m to 2.5 m on either sides of the project road. Chainage-wise carriageway widths are provided in Table 3.1.

Table 3.1 : Carriageway Details Chainage Chainage Width Type Shoulder From To Type Width 0.000 5.800 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 5.800 6.700 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 6.700 8.800 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 8.800 9.300 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 9.300 12.100 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 12.100 12.400 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 12.400 19.000 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 19.000 19.200 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 19.200 33.200 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 33.200 37.200 3.5 BT Earthen 1.0 37.200 44.000 3.5 BT Earthen 1.0 44.000 61.100 3.5 BT Earthen 1.5 61.100 62.700 4.5 CC Earthen 1.0 Source: DPR 36. Pavement and carriage way conditions: The pavement condition along the entire length of the road is generally fair to moderate and so is riding quality. Cracking exists throughout the road except in few stretches where pavement quality is good. Ravelling and potholes also exists at some locations. The existing crust along the sub-project road is in weak condition and suffers from frequent rutting, settlement, ravelling, poor riding quality and substantial pavement deflection along these stretches. Therefore, reconstruction is proposed at stretches with weak crust, or location where sub-grade failure is identified. 37. Alignment and Geometrics: There are many horizontal curves comprising very sharp turns which need to be improved to as per IRC 73 norms for State highway. Currently, an average travel speed of only 20km/hr can be maintained due to sub-standard geometry. There is no coherence between horizontal alignment and vertical profile. Setback distances are almost non- existent at curve locations; especially at sharp curves where the provisions are worse. 38. Cross Drainage (CD) Structures: Drainage condition for the entire road is found to be poor. The existing road does not have proper side drains and requires an efficient drainage network and stable embankment slopes. There are fifteen minor bridges, forty nine HPC and twenty four Slab culverts are proposed to be modified under reconstruction, widening, new and retained with/without repairs along the project road. List of major and minor bridges along with survey chainages and conditions of existing 13

structures are appended as”Inventory and Condition Survey for Bridges” in Appendix 3.1. 39. Terrain and Land-use: The project road alignment traverses through plain terrain. A number of river/rivulets drain the project influence area. The land use along the project road is mainly agricultural, with habitation and barren lands in few areas. The road passes through three important towns namely Damoh, Hata and Gaisabad. No land acquisition is involved. 40. Road Intersections: There are 8 major and 73 minor intersections along the project section. Almost all of these are poor in geometrics and junction developments. The chainage-wise details of these intersections are given in Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 : List of Major and Minor Intersections CHAINAGE TYPE SIDE DESTINATION REMARKS Right To Bandakpur Major Junction & 0.000 + Start point of the Left To Hirapur Road 0.100 T Left To Small Village Inside (CC) 0.600 T Right To Khutera 1.400 T Left To Dakheti (WBM Road) To Small Village Inside 1.800 T Left (Kachcha Road) 3.800 T Right To Manpura (Kachcha Road) 4.200 T Right To Farm (Kachcha Road) 5.300 T Left To Khajuri (BT Road) 7.600 T Left To Mahantpur (WBM Road) 7.800 T Left To Mahanpur (CC Road) 8.500 T Right To Small Village (WBM Road) 9.100 T Left To Disger 9.200 T Left To Small Village (CC) 9.400 T Right To Small Village Inside(WBM) 9.650 T Right To Small Village Inside(WBM) 10.400 T Left To Padrai (WBM) 11.800 T Left To Kamkheda (BT Road) 12.150 T Right To Mudiya (WBM) 12.250 T Left To Mudiya (Kachcha Road) 12.300 T Right To Mudiya (CC) 14.050 T Left To Farms (Kachcha Road) 14.700 T Right To Farms(Kachcha Road) 15.450 T Left To Akarkheda (WBM) 16.400 T Right To Farm(Kachcha Road) To Small Village(Kachcha 17.200 T Left Road)) 18.400 T Left To Bhagwa (Kachcha Road) 19.100 + Right To Nduriya Patera (BT) Major Junction To Small Village (Kachcha 16.050 T Left Road) 21.000 T Left To Kajra (Kachcha Road) 21.600 T Left To Mudiya (BT)

CHAINAGE TYPE SIDE DESTINATION REMARKS 22.650 T Right To Kua Kheda (Kachcha Road) To Bijoli Pathak (Kachcha 23.550 T Left Road) 27.300 T Right To Lohari (Kachcha Road) 27.350 T Left To Bhatiya (BT) Right To Rusalli (Kachcha Road) 28.000 + Major Junction Left To Lohari (Kachcha Road)

To Prempura,Bori Khurd 31.000 T Left (Kachcha Road) 32.400 T Right To Farm (Kachcha Road) 33.250 T Right To Russali (BT) 33.700 T Left To Rest House (WBM) 34.000 T Right To Colony (WBM) 34.500 T Left To Hata Colony(Kachcha Road) 34.600 T Right To School(CC) 35.050 T Left To Hata Bus Station 35.100 T Right To Patera Sihora (BT) To Colony Hata (Kachcha 35.400 T Left Road) 35.500 T Right To Hata Market (Bt Road) 35.600 T Left To Hata Market (BT Road) 35.800 T Left To Hata Market (BT Road) Right To Hata Market (BT Road) Major Junction 36.150 + Left To Hata Market (BT Road) 36.350 T Left To Colony(CC) 36.400 T Left To Hata Market (BT Road) 37.500 T Left To Pajigaon (Kachcha Road) 40.100 + Right To Binti (Kachcha Road) Major Junction 44.150 T Left To Binti (Kachcha Road) 40.300 T Left To Madiyado (BT) 42.000 T Right To Small Village Inside (CC) 42.200 T Left To Farm (Kachcha Road) To Small Village (Kachcha 44.800 T Left Road) Right To Raneh(BT) 46.200 + To Small Village Inside Major Junction Left (Kachcha Road) To Small Village Inside 50.600 T Left (Kachcha Road) 47.000 T Left To Kachwada (Kachcha Road) To Small Village Inside 48.100 T Right (Kachcha Road) 49.000 T Left To Farms (Kachcha Road)

49.700 T Left To Sakor (BT)

49.900 T Right To Niwai (WBM) 51.200 T Right To Bhaisa Kala (BT) 52.000 T Right To Small Village Inside(CC) 52.100 T Left To Murachh (Kachcha Road) 55.400 T Left To Samargor (BT) 15

CHAINAGE TYPE SIDE DESTINATION REMARKS Left To Kachnari (Kachcha Road) 55.600 T To Dewra Jamsha (Kachcha 56.000 T Right Road) 56.500 T Right To Tewraiya(BT) 56.800 T Left To Budwar (Kachcha Road) 58.300 T Left To Society(CC) 59.100 T Right To Small Village Inside(CC) 59.400 T Left To Hadua (Kachcha Road) To Small Village (Kachcha 61.850 T Left Road) To Small Village (Kachcha Right Road) 62.000 + Major Junction To Small Village (Kachcha Left Road) To Small Village (Kachcha 62.100 T Left Road) To Small Village (Kachcha 62.250 T Left Road) 62.700 End Point Source: DPR

3.3. Category of the Project

41. The sub-project has been evaluated using environmental screening checklist (Appendix-3.2) for Roads and Highways of the ADB‘s Environmental Assessment Guidelines 2003. The sub-project road traverses primarily through agricultural land and few habitations. It neither passes through nor is located near any Wildlife Sanctuary, National Park, or any other environmentally sensitive or ecologically or archeologically protected areas. Hence, the sub-project has been classified as Category “B” in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009. 3.4. Need for the Sub-Project

42. The main aim of developing this state highway is to provide connectivity to the selected townships with other major social and commercial centres within the district as well in the other parts of state. The sub-project road holds strategic importance as it provides vital connectivity to Sidhi and Shahdol districts and to the nearby districts namely Rewa, Singrauli, Umaria, Katni and Satna. The sub-project road will benefit more than 12 million populations (mainly rural) by providing improved transport and communication facilities which will contribute in accelerating the local economy. 43. The sub-project road serves as important link for providing connectivity to NH-75. The traffic intensity at this sub-project road is increasing, requiring augmentation of capacity for safe and efficient movement. The road condition is poor which reduces the average traffic speed to about 20 Km/h and also results in higher fuel consumption and vehicular pollution. Therefore, improvement of this subproject road is proposed to provide safe movement traffic at higher travel speeds with reduced travel time, accidents, overloading, and vehicle emissions.

3.5. Existing and Projected Traffic

44. Existing Traffic Volume: Average Daily Traffic (ADT) of sub-project road is studied at (chainage km 1.0) near Damoh village is presented in the Table 3.3. The recorded ADT is 4308 vehicles (4041 PCU).

Table 3.3 : ADT of Project Road Average Daily Average daily Section Traffic PCUs Damoh – Hata – Gaisabad 4308 4041 Source: DPR

45. Projected Traffic: The maximum traffic projection at Near Damoh Village location for the years 2009 to 2029 are given in Table 3.4. It is expected that the traffic volume will be doubled by the year 2019 i.e. 8652 (7402 PCU) and increase to more than three times after 20 years i.e. 14852 (11887PCU).

Table 3.4 : Summary of Projected Traffic for the Project Road Project Road Year Year Year Year Year From To 2009 2014 2019 2024 2029 Near Damoh (CH: 1.00) 4315 6176 8652 11451 14852 Damoh Gaisabad (4041) (5523) (7402) (9451) (11887) Source: DPR Note: Values in bracket indicate PCUs/day 46. The capacity of different carriageways is around 6000, 15000 and 18000 PCUs per day for intermediate lane, 2 lane with earthen shoulders and 2 lane with Paved shoulders respectively. Analysing the capacity of Design Service Volume of Carriage ways and the projected traffic, it is concluded that the project road requires two lanes with earthen shoulder by 2018- 2023. 3.6. Key Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Activities 47. The sub project road rehabilitation involves activities like widening, realignment, intersections improvement, correction in road geometry and raising the embankment height in at certain stretches of the road to meet the design norms defined for state highways under IRC codes. The brief of key project activities are described below: 48. Realignment and Curvature Improvement: To avoid resettlement / rehabilitation and land acquisition issues existing alignment is followed with substandard geometry. There are many sharp curves in the existing road which need to be improved to develop a high-speed highway. In plain or rolling terrain, a minimum curve radius of 230 m is considered to achieve design speed. Absolute minimum radius of 150 m is used at location with space constraints (e.g. urban areas). 3.6.1. Proposed Cross Section Details 17

49. Lane Width and Earthen Shoulder: In order to meet future traffic requirements, the existing carriageway is proposed to be upgraded to Two Lane with earthen shoulders to achieve high speed of travel with comfort and safety. A carriageway of about 7m wide is proposed with basic traffic lane width of 3.5 m. Earthen shoulders of 2.5 m wide is proposed on either side of the proposed main carriageway for rural plain and rolling terrains. 50. Footpath: The minimum width of footpath in urban stretches is proposed to be 1.0 m. The side drain in such stretches may be accommodated under the footpath. 51. Utility Corridor: Minimum width of utility corridor for rural sections will be 2.0 m and for urban/ built-up sections will be 1.0 m. 52. Side Slopes: The side slopes are proposed based on embankment height and is as follows 53. For fill sections, the following side slopes are proposed: Embankment height up to 3.0 m - 2H: 1V Embankment height from 3.0 m to 6.0 m - 1.5H: 1V Embankment height exceeding 6.0 m - To be designed based on soil parameters. Cut slopes will be as follows Soil - 1H: 1V 54. Cross fall : Carriageway will have crossfall of 3.0%. For earthen shoulders crossfall value will be 4.0%. Figure 3.3 shows the typical cross section to be followed on the project stretch of 42.5 km length.

Figure 3.3 : Typical Cross section of the project Road 19

3.6.2. Pavement Design and Widening : 55. Existing road will be widened to improve the capacity as well as horizontal geometrics. A combination of overlay and new construction will be followed for proposed improvements. At a number of places, the vertical profile will be changed to improve the vertical geometrics. This will require reconstruction after partial or full removal of the existing pavement, depending upon sub-grade condition. In urban areas cement concrete pavement along with side drain is proposed. 56. Concentric widening scheme is followed to minimise land acquisition issues and to ensure maximum utilisation of existing carriageway. The improvement is proposed to the existing pavement to meet the design requirement of 2.5 m. In specific stretches where the pavement is damaged/deteriorated special treatments, are proposed. The improvement proposal includes overlay of BC=30mm, DBM=50mm, or raising and reconstruction with WMM, or raising and reconstruction with GSB. The details of existing carriage way and widening proposal is given at Table 3.5

Table 3.5 : Sections for Existing Pavement Widening S. Existing Chainage Proposed Length Existing Proposed No. From To From To (mt.) Carriageway Carriageway 1 0.000 5.800 0.000 5.800 5.800 3.5 7.0 2 5.800 6.700 5.800 6.700 0.900 3.5 7.0 3 6.700 8.800 6.700 8.800 2.100 3.5 7.0 4 8.800 9.300 8.800 9.300 0.500 3.5 7.0 5 9.300 12.100 9.300 12.100 2.800 3.5 7.0 6 12.100 12.400 12.100 12.400 0.300 3.5 7.0 7 12.400 19.000 12.400 19.000 6.600 3.5 7.0 8 19.000 19.200 19.000 19.200 0.200 3.5 7.0 9 19.200 33.200 19.200 33.200 14.000 3.5 7.0 10 33.200 37.200 33.200 37.200 4.000 3.5 7.0 11 37.200 44.000 37.200 44.000 6.800 3.5 7.0 12 44.000 61.100 44.000 61.100 17.100 3.5 7.0 13 61.100 62.700 61.100 62.700 1.600 4.5 7.0 Source: DPR

Table 3.6 Proposed Improvement shoulder S. No. Improvement Proposed Section (in Km) From To 1 Two lane with earthen shoulder 0.00 62.700 Source: DPR 3.6.3. Improvement Proposal for Intersection 57. Improvement scheme in respect of each junction is prepared to smooth movement of traffic. The improvement proposal suggested include either left in left out approach or channelized intersection design.

3.6.4. Design of Road Side Drains 58. For a sound drainage system open lined drain and chute drains in RCC on hill side in mountainous terrain and slopes of high embankment respectively and as rapids on high cut sections is followed. The construction of an underground drain 1 m x 1 m lined with RCC-20 cm thick and covered with RCC slab10 cm in thickness is proposed at urban and semi-urban stretches. Details about the drainage are given in Table 3.7.

Table 3.7 : Cement Concrete Lined Drain Sr. Proposed Chainage Length Remarks No. (km) ( L+R) From To (m) 1 5.800 6.700 900+900 Lakshmanpur 2 8.800 9.300 500 + 500 Palar 3 12.100 12.400 300 + 300 Mudiya 4 19.000 19.200 200+200 Bangaon 5 33.200 37.200 4000+4000 Hata 6 61.100 62.700 1600+1600 Gaisabad Source: DPR 3.6.5. Traffic Control and Safety Measures 59. Adequate provisions for roadway width, geometric elements and junction improvement are proposed to enhance the safety of road users. Due consideration has been made for the provisions contained in IRC: SP 44- 1994, “Highway Safety Code”. Also, various measures have been proposed to increase traffic control for the High-speed highway. 3.6.5.1 Crash Barrier : 60. Safety barrier of rigid, flexible or semi-rigid type are proposed at following locations. In general W-beam crash barrier is proposed.

♦ Non-traversable road side embankments ♦ Where embankment height is 3 m or more ♦ Where embankment is retained by a retaining structure ♦ On valley sides of highway in hill sections ♦ Miscellaneous hazardous locations (like proximity to water structures, non-collapsible sign supports, buildings etc.) ♦ Between main carriageway and footpath in bridges The crash barrier locations are given in Table 3.8

Table 3.8 : Crash Barrier Location Both Side Proposed Chainage Length From To m 1.6 3.9 2.3 6.1 6.45 0.35 35.8 36.25 0.45 Source: DPR 3.6.5.2 Road Signs 61. Adequate road signs are proposed for the project road in order to provide advance information to regulate/control traffic flow and ensure safety of operations. All road signs are provided in accordance with IRC-67. 62. Appropriate road markings are provided with stop signs, give-way signs, traffic merging and diverging signs, lane closure signs, compulsory keep left/right signs or any other signs as per IRC-67. Advance cautionary signs are proposed for sharp curves along with chevron signs at the outer edge of the curves. 63. The signs will be of retro reflective sheetings of high intensity grade with encapsulated lens and fixing details as per of MoRT&H Specifications for Road and Bridge Works, 2001 are proposed. 3.6.5.3 Pavement Markings 64. In project road, pavement markings are proposed as per IRC: 35-1997, “Code of Practice for Road Marking” with centre-line, edge line, continuity line, stop line, give way lines, diagonal/chevron markings and zebra crossings. The pavement marking shall be of hot applied thermoplastic paint with glass beads as per the MORT&H specification for Road and Bridge Works, 2001. 3.6.6. Slope Stabilisation and Protection Works 65. Erosion is proposed to be minimized largely by the use of flat side slopes, rounded and blended with natural terrain; serrated cut slopes; drainage channels designed with due regard to width, depth, slopes, alignment, and protective treatment; inlets located and spaced for erosion control prevention of erosion at culvert outlets; proper facilities for groundwater interception; dikes, berms, and other protective devices to trap sediment at strategic locations; and protective ground covers and planting. 66. High embankment will be site specifically designed considering the quality of the available material, prevalent moisture condition and associated pore water pressure, bearing capacity of the founding strata and the requirement of any preloading etc. 67. Other stabilisation measures as Concrete block pitching and Launching apron in CC blocks are proposed to be adopted on case to case basis after thorough study of the problematic sites. 3.6.7. Improvement Proposal for Bridges and Drainage Structure 68. There are sixteen minor bridges for improvement. The rehabilitation of the bridge include the activities like change of damaged handrails,

replacement of defective expansion joints, repairing of minor cracks, repairing of solid slab having signs of damage, cleaning by sand blasting of corroded steel reinforcement and additional reinforcement where necessary, strengthening and repairing with PMC of RCC solid slabs which show honeycombing, removal of existing wearing coat and replacement with new wearing coat of 50 mm thick bituminous concrete after laying 12 mm thick mastic asphalt, strengthening of approaches. 69. Water way/ vent way will be cleaned if vegetation growth is impeding the main water channel. The channel will be dredged if excessive siltation has blocked the waterway. Spur, dykes will be provided to change the water course if it is found that due to the flow direction, excessive scouring is occurring near one of pier or abutment and it is in danger. 3.6.8. Improvement Proposal for Causeways 70. There are no causeways proposed 3.6.9. Improvement Proposal for Culverts 71. There are 73 culverts consisting of 49 pipe culverts and 24 Slab type culverts. The culverts are proposed to be widened for carriage way width of 12m. The improvement proposal includes dismantling and recasting of head walls, dead replacement with proper designs. Many of the culverts have vegetation in the channels apart from some sand mounds causing vent way obstructions, which need clearing. Pipe diameter less than 0.9 m is to be replaced by 1.2m diameter pipe. The culverts which are completely damaged or distressed are proposed for reconstruction. The culvert retained and repaired as mentioned above will be widen to match with formation width of road section 3.6.10. Utilities and Services 72. Utilities and Services are seen only in the vicinity of towns, villages and roadside establishments the project road alignment traverses through either open area or agricultural land with small stretches of forest area. As the project road connects the major towns namely Damoh, Hata and Gaisabad, all major utilities run adjacent to the road alignment. Electric and telephone lines almost follow the existing road alignment. These have to be relocated. 3.7. Material required and Sourcing 73. The various construction materials which will be required for the project road construction and other activities are listed below. • Borrow Soil • Aggregate • Granular material • Sand • Cement • Bitumen • Steel • Water

3.7.1. Borrow soil 74. Borrow Soil identified during survey for DPR study revealed that it can be used for road embankment as well as for sub-grade layer. The details of available source, location, average lead distance to the project road and approximate available quantity are given in Table 3.9

Table 3.9 : List of Borrow Area

S. No. Location Villages Distance from project corridor 1. Km. 9.35 Patla 200m Left & 300m Right 2. Km. 19.65 Sita nagar, bilai 500m Left & 400m Right panka 3. Km. 22.15 Kanjara 2 Km. Left 4 Km. 34.20 Rusalli 300m. Right Source: DPR 3.7.2. Aggregate 75. Aggregate stone is basic ingredient in road construction. Investigation of quarry area was carried out to ascertain the potential source of aggregate for the construction of different pavement layers like Bituminous Concrete (BC), Dense Bituminous Macadam (DBM), Bituminous Macadam (BM), Wet Mix Macadam (WMM), Granular Sub-base, sand for cement concrete works and GSB. The details of the quarry/crusher along with location details are given in Table 3.10

Table 3.10 : Quarry/crusher Locations Chainagewise

S. No. Location Chainage (km.) 1. 3 Km. Left Crusher 25 Km. Right crusher 0.00 Km. 2. 500m. Left Dealer 35.50 3. 300m.Left crusher 69.75 Source: DPR 3.7.3. Sand 76. Sand to be used in the concrete work during construction is available near the location along the project road. The chainage-wise location is mentioned in Table 3.11.

Table 3.11 : Availability of Sand Locations Chainage-wise

S. No. Location Chainage (km.) 1. River 400m on both sides 10.95 2. River 400m on both sides 11.05 3 River 400m on both sides 36.00 4 River 400m on both sides 52.69 5 Vyarma nadi on Right sides 65.75 Source: DPR 3.7.4. Cement 77. There are various cement manufacturing units in Madhya Pradesh through which cement can be procured. 3.7.5. Bitumen 78. No specified is location is found along the sub project road. The Bitumen will be procured from the nearest source available. Bitumen of VG-10 equivalent of 80-100 or VG-30 equivalent of 60-70 penetration grade is proposed to be used for bituminous work. 3.7.6. Steel 79. There is numbers of steel rolling factories is situated in Madhya Pradesh, with various grade of steel. The steel is to be purchase from the open market. 3.7.7. Water 80. Ground water and surface water in the vicinity of the project road is proposed to use as a source of water for construction activities. The approximate quantity of water required for construction activities in the project is 300 KLD 3.8. Project Implementation Schedule and Cost 81. The project is in the detailed design stage. The construction of widening of the road to 2- lane road will be implemented in 18 to 24 months. The estimated cost of the project excluding R and R and EMP is estimated to be INR 951, 848, 637/-. 25

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 82. Baseline environmental conditions about all facets of environment viz. physical, biological and socio-economic have been established using both primary and secondary sources. Efforts have been made to collect the latest information both at regional as well as local level especially along the project corridor. This will help to predict likely changes in the environment due to the project and will serve as performance indicators for various components. 83. The project road Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad is a section of SH-47 measuring 62.70 km in length and located in Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh. A summary of the important features of the project district is given in Table 4.1.

Table 4.1 : Summary of Important Features of the Project Districts S. No. Parameters Damoh . It is lying in the north eastern part of Madhya Pradesh and occupies an area of 7,306 sq. km . It is surrounded by Jabalpur in South-East, Sagar in West, Chhatarpur in the North, Tikamgarh in North-West and Panna in North- 1. General East. . The district is located between 23º 8' to 24º 28' north latitude, 79º2' to 79º 56' east longitude. . It is located at an elevation of 595 m above MSL . Temperature goes up to 48.2 º C (max.) and min. 1 º C. 2. Climate . It receives a normal rainfall of 1145 mm of annually. Ecologically Sensitive Area Wild Life Sanctuaries None National Parks None Tiger Reserves None Elephant Reserves None Karibara R.F, Choraiya R.F, Silapari R.f, Nepar R.f, Chopra R.f, Manakpura R.f, Sakari R.F, Ghora 3. Khuri R.F, Hathidol R.F, Jamuniya P.F, Bahera R.F, Balakot R.F, Chirai R.F, Kalapani P.F, Somkhera R.F, Jamunhatri R.F, Lodhi R.F, Lagra Reserve/Protected Forests R.F, Dhakarvaho R.F, Kaliyakuhi R.F, Devari R.F, Palwa R.F, Jamun R.F, Sahajpur R.F, Silpura R.F, Tala R.F, Devri R.F, Aloni R.F, Bhonrpani R.F, Gidra R.F, Sanga R.F, Mohar R.F, Jhada R.F, Churiari R.F, Magra R.F, Mariya R.F, Rajnagar R.F, Katangi R.F. Geomorphology Vindhya Plateau 4. Alluvial Plains 1. Major Physiographic Units Elevated plateau with low hills and forests

Sonar River, Bearma River, Kathera Nadi, Guralya 2. Major Drainage Nadi. 5. Major Soil Type Shallow , medium and deep Black soil Soyabean, wheat, Pulses, Rice, Jowar, Gram, 6. Principal Crops Linseed . Predominant Geological 7. Vindhyan Supergroup, Bulandkhand Granite Formations Weathered/ Fractured Granite, Vindhyan & Deccan 8. Hydrogeology Trap Source: District/Govt. websites

4.1. Physical Environment 4.1.1. Meteorology and Climate 84. Madhya Pradesh has a subtropical climate characterized by hot summer season and dryness except southwest monsoon season. Like most of north India it has a hot dry summer (April-June) followed by monsoon rains (July-September) and a cool and relatively dry winter (December- February). The maximum temperature during summer season ranges from 33 to 44ºC and 10 to 27ºC during winter season. The average rainfall is about 1,370 mm which decreases from east to west. The south- eastern districts have the heaviest rainfall, some places receiving as much as 2,150 mm, while the western and north-western districts receive 1,000 mm or less. The average rainfall pattern in different districts is shown in Figure 4.1

Figure 4.1 : Isohyetal map of Madhya Pradesh 85. Climate: The sub-project passes through Damoh district having a semi- arid climate. The winter season starts from December and continues till the end of February. January is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 24oC and the mean daily minimum temperature at 6oC. Monsoon in the area comes from south-westerly winds. The average annual rainfall of the district is recorded as 1033 mm during 2009. The air is generally humid during monsoon and the average relative 27

humidity varies between 52 to 80%. Generally light to moderate winds prevails throughout the year. The predominant directions of wind were observed from NE, NW and N. During the past six years, highest amount of rainfall was received in year 2005. Monthly rainfall details for last six years in the district have been summarized in Table 4.2.

Table 4.2 : Monthly Rainfall (mm) at Damoh During Past Six Years Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Total 2004 39.2 0 0 20 4.6 264.4 352.4 293.5 62.4 12.2 0 0 1048.7 2005 7 0 0 0 0 191.4 922.4 352.2 168.3 7 0 18.5 1666.8 2006 0 0 38.4 14.2 0 14 339 311 79 0 10.4 0 806 2007 0 22.6 4.6 0 22.4 109 229.2 356.6 139.7 0 0 4.8 888.9 2008 0 0 0 4 0.5 579 256.3 315.5 99.6 4.5 0 0 1259.4 2009 25.1 0 0 11 5.6 19 230 153.1 192.6 46.9 101.1 8.7 1033.1 Source: India Meteorological Department, Delhi 4.1.2. Air and Noise Quality 86. In absence of any existing data on ambient air quality and noise levels of the project area, onsite monitoring was conducted at few selected locations. Most of the project area lies in vast open agricultural land and is largely free from air pollution and noise generating sources other than traffic and few brick-kilns existing in the area. 4.1.2.1 Air Quality 87. The 24 hourly average ambient air quality levels with respect to suspended particulate matter (SPM), respirable particulate matter (RSPM), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) are shown in Table 4.3. The Table reveals that SPM, RSPM, SO2 and NOx range from 81 to 167 µg/m3, 34 to 82 µg/m3, 4.3 to 12.6 µg/m3 and 5.5 to 16.7 µg/m3 respectively in the project area. These ambient air quality levels conform to the prescribed National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) (Appendix 4.1).

Table 4.3 : Ambient Air Quality Along the project section (24 Hourly)

Location RSPM SPM SO2 NOX Max 62 138 10.2 12.4 Palar Min 34 84 6.4 8.2 Avg 47 122 8.3 10.7 Max 77 158 11.6 14.5 Kanjara Min 41 90 8.3 11.6 Avg 52 130 9.4 12.8 Max 71 146 12.6 16.7 Gutariya Min 38 81 5.7 5.5 Avg 58 126 8.5 12.3 Max 82 167 9.7 13.4 Gaisabad Min 55 95 4.3 Avg 60 130 7.2 Source: Field Monitoring

4.1.2.2 Noise: B 88. The ambient noise levels (Table 4.4) at most of the locations is well within the permissible limits as prescribed by CPCB (Appendix 4.2) for day time and night time. Overall the noise level in the project region is not disturbing.

Table 4.4 : Noise Level Along the Project Section Noise level in dB (A) S. No. Location Day Night Leq Leq 1 Mudiya 52.3 44.2 2 Luhari 54.4 40.5 3 Hardua Gadaiya 50.8 42.3 4 Hinota Kala 49.5 41.7 Source: Field Monitoring 4.1.3. Topography and Geomorphology 89. The project road lies between 79º 26’ E to 79º 50’ E and 23º 50’ N to 24º 14’ N and lies in Damoh district. The district mainly comprises of Vindhya Plateau. The district, which falls in Sagar Division, lies on the southeast of the Vindhyan plateau and is ringed by forested Vindhyachal hills in the west. The southern part of the district is an elevated plateau with low. The plateau slopes towards the north, till there is an abrupt drop to a highly fertile plain spread across the central and northern parts of the district 90. The topography of the project road section is mixed type. The proposed project road passes through plain terrain. No forest exists along the project road. The land use is mixed type with sections of agricultural land along the project road. 4.1.4. Geology/Soil 91. The project area is occupied by Vindhyan Supergroup. The Vindhyan constitutes un-metamorphosed columns of Calcareous, Arenaceous, and Argillaceous sediments .The Vindhyan rocks are developed in ‘Son- valley’ and in certain parts of M.P. 92. Soil: The soil type of the district is mainly shallow to medium Black soil. In some portion of the district river alluvial soil is also found. The alluvium consists of clay, silt, sand, gravels and pebbles. The soil sample has been collected at four locations in the project section as shown in Table 4.5. The Table reveals that the dominant soil type is sandy loam with good organic content.

Table 4.5 : Physiochemical Characteristics of soil in the project road S. Location Parameters No. Bangaon Luhari Gutariya Hinota Kala 1 Colour Brown Brown Yellow Yellow 2 pH (20% slurry) 7.3 8.2 7.8 7.3 Conductivity ( μmhos / 3 230 317 288 224 cm, 20% slurry) 4 Moisture (%) 1.45 1.26 1.72 1.58 5 Chlorides (%) 0.0422 0.0458 0.0384 0.0335 6 Bulk density (g/cc) 1.32 1.25 1.27 1.3 7 Porosity (%v/v) 0.65 0.6 0.72 0.65 Water Holding 8 26 28 32 26 Capacity (%) 9 CEC meq/100g 28.4 26.3 24.5 25.8 10 Carbonate (%) NT NT NT NT 11 Bicarbonate (%) 0.0774 0.0832 0.0884 0.0746 12 Organic Matter (%) 0.55 0.58 0.6 0.51 Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Sandy Clay 13 Texture Loam Loam Loam Loam 14 Nitrogen % 1.44 1.45 1.36 1.72 15 Potassium ,kg/h 1.58 1.47 1.32 1.45 16 Phosphorous, kg/h 28.2 26.8 32.4 30.5 Source: Field Monitoring 4.1.5. Seismicity 93. The project region falls in Zones II & III of seismicity & low hazard zone in the seismic and hazard zoning map respectively as shown in the Figure 4.2 below.

Source: Amateur Seismic Centre, Pune Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002

Figure 4.2 : Hazard and Seismic Zoning Map 4.1.6. Land use 94. The area under various land uses in the state is presented in Table 4.6. The Table shows that the major portion of the land use is under agriculture (48.69%) followed by forest cover (28%).

Table 4.6 : Land Use Pattern in the State Land Use Area in '000 ha Percentage Total geographical area 30824 Reporting Area for land utilization 30756 100 Net area Sown 14975 48.7 Forest* 8688 28.2 Area not available for cultivation 3364 10.9 Permanent Pasture & Grazing land 1341 4.3 Land under misc. tree crops & groves 20 0.06 Cultivable waste land 1175 3.8 Fallow land other than current fallows 596 1.9 Current fallows 596 1.9 Source: DPR • The data is given for 2004-05 (as per availability) including Reserved & Protected Forest

95. Land Use Pattern along the project road Section: Land use pattern along the project road is also mixed type dominated by agriculture and residential areas. Chainage-wise land use along the project road is given in Table 4.7. It has plain terrain. The project road passes through plain terrain. No forest exists along the project road. The land use is mixed type with sections of agricultural land along the project road. However, density of vegetation is very less i.e. 0.20 to 0.25.There are also few public and private settlements along the project road.

Table 4.7 : Chainage wise land use along the project road

CHAINAGE LAND USE REMARK From To 0.000 0.400 Built-up area / Agricultural land Town – Damoh 0.400 0.900 Built-up / Agricultural Village – Motigagh 0.900 1.300 Agricultural land 1.300 2.300 Built-up area Hata Naka 2.300 2.600 Agricultural land 2.600 3.500 Agricultural land 3.500 4.000 Built-up area Village – Manpura 4.000 5.800 Agricultural land 5.800 6.700 Built-up Village - Lakshmanpur 6.700 6.950 Agricultural land 6.950 7.000 Built-up area Village – Mahantpur 7.000 8.800 Agricultural land 8.800 9.300 Built-up area Village – Palar 9.300 9.700 Agricultural land 9.700 9.900 Built-up area Village- Mondlakhedi 31

CHAINAGE LAND USE REMARK From To 9.900 12.100 Agricultural land 12.100 12.400 Built-up area Village – Mudiya 12.400 15.300 Agricultural land 15.300 15.600 Built-up area Village –Akarkheda 15.600 19.000 Agricultural land 19.000 19.200 Built-up area Village – Bangaon 19.200 21.000 Agricultural land 21.000 21.100 Built-up area Village – Kanjara 21.100 27.300 Agricultural land 27.300 27.600 Built-up area Village - Luhari 27.600 28.000 Built-up area 28.000 33.200 Agricultural land 33.200 33.800 Built-up area Town - Hata 33.800 34.100 Built-up area Town - Hata 34.100 34.900 Built-up area Town - Hata 34.900 36.200 Built-up area Town - Hata 36.200 37.200 Built-up area Town - Hata 37.200 38.200 Agricultural land 38.200 39.800 Agricultural land 39.800 40.100 Agricultural land 40.100 40.800 Built-up area Village - Binti 40.800 41.900 Agricultural land 41.900 42.100 Built-up area Village – Karaiyajoshi 42.100 43.800 Agricultural land 43.800 44.000 Agricultural land 44.000 44.900 Built-up area Village – Hardua 44.900 46.000 Agricultural land 46.000 47.000 Built-up area Village – Khudriya 47.000 48.100 Agricultural land 48.100 48.300 Built-up area Village – Sarapchopra 48.300 51.200 Agricultural land 51.200 52.500 Built-up area Village – Hinota Kala 52.500 56.900 Agricultural land 56.900 57.400 Built-up area Village – Budwar 57.400 58.900 Agricultural land 58.900 59.200 Built-up area Village – Garraiya 59.200 60.900 Agricultural land / barren land 60.900 61.100 agricultural land/ barren land 61.100 62.700 Built-up area Town - Gaisabad Source: DPR 4.1.7. Hydrology and Drainage 96. Madhya Pradesh represents great river basins and the watershed of a number of rivers. Catchments of many rivers of India lie in Madhya Pradesh.Damoh district lies in the catchment area of river Ken which falls in the Ganga Basin. The major drainage is Sonar and Bearma River and their tributaries. Kathera Nadi and Guralya Nadi also drain the Damoh district. 97. The project area is drained by Sonar and Kopra rivers and their tributaries. Sohar river crosses the road which is a non perennial river.

The Kopra river is running in left hand side of the road. Sonar River is found perennial on ground observation. The water bodies along the corridor are given in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8 : List of Surface Water Sources Along/Across Project Corridor S. No. Name Whether Crossing or in Buffer Area 1. Sohar Nadi Crossing the project alignment 2. Sonar River Buffer Zone 3. Kopra River Buffer Zone Source: District planning map sheets/ Google Earth/Wikimapia site

Figure 4.3 : Drainage map of the Project Road SH-47.

4.1.8. Groundwater 98. The ground water availability along the project road area is poor. The depth of water table varies from 100-1500 feet below ground level. Most of the wells become dry except in monsoon season. The groundwater quality of the samples collected during field survey in the study area has been summarised in Table 4.9. The results reveal that the ground water quality conforms to the drinking water standards (Appendix 4.3).

Table 4.9 : Groundwater Quality Along the Project Corridor Locations S. Hardua Hinota Kanjara No Parameters Palar Gadaiya Kala 1 Colour Colourless Colourless Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.5 6.8 7.3 7.8 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 580 615 485 450 4 Turbidity, NTU 2 2 2 2 5 TDS (mg/l) 370 380 305 270 6 TSS (mg/l) 21 15 10 14 7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 155 125 140 132 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 35.6 32.2 28.7 32.6 9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 15.6 18.2 14.5 16.2 10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.08 12 Florides as F (mg/l) 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.24 0.27 0.23 0.2 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.8 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.06 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 32.5 27.3 26.5 29.8 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 21.5 17.3 18.5 16.8 Source: Analysis of Field Samples 4.1.9. Surface water 99. Water samples taken from Sonar River and Kopra River have been compared with the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Irrigation- Class D and propagation of wild life and fisheries -Class-E (Appendix.4.4). The results of the samples conforms their suitability for both these purposes. Results of the surface water quality in the project area have been summarized in Table 4.10.

Table 4.10 : Surface Water Quality of the rivers in project area

S. Location Parameters No. Sonar River Kopra River 1 Colour Colourless Colourless 2 pH 7.4 7 3 Conductivity (μmhos / cm) 430 445 4 Turbidity, NTU 5 6 5 TDS (mg/l) 270 280 6 TSS (mg/l) 20 19 7 Total Hardness as CaCO3 (mg/l) 126 135 8 Chlorides as Cl (mg/l) 32.2 28.2 9 Sulphates as SO4 (mg/l) 16.3 15.6 10 Nitrates as NO3 (mg/l) ND ND 11 Phosphates as PO4 (mg/l) 0.06 0.07 12 Florides as F (mg/l) 0.3 ND 13 Iron as Fe (mg/l) 0.14 0.2 14 Lead as Pb (mg/l) ND ND 15 Copper as Cu (mg/l) ND ND 16 Nickel as Ni (mg/l) ND ND 17 Zinc as Zn (mg/l) 0.7 0.8 18 Chromium Total as Cr (mg/l) ND ND 19 Manganese as Mn (mg/l) 0.05 0.08 20 Oil & grease (mg/l) ND ND 21 Calcium as Ca (mg/l) 24.5 26.3 22 Magnesium as Mg (mg/l) 15.2 14.2 23 Total Coliform ND ND 24 DO 5.7 4.4 25 BOD 6.3 4.2 26 COD 22 20.9 Source: Analysis of field Samples; ND: Not Detected 4.2. Ecological Resources 4.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 4.2.1.1.1 Forests 100. Madhya Pradesh is endowed with rich and diverse forest resources. Lying between lat. 21° 04'N and long. 74° 02' and 82° 49' E, it is a reservoir of biodiversity. The geographical area of the state is 3,08,144 km2 which constitutes 9.38% of the land area of the country. The forest area of the state is 95,221 km2 constituting 31% of the geographical area of the state and 12.44% of the forest area of the country. Legally this area has been classified into "Reserved Forest, Protected Forest and Unclassified Forest", which constitute 61.7%, 37.4% and 0.9% of the forest area respectively. Central, eastern and southern parts of the state are rich, whereas northern and western parts are deficient in forest. The forest cover of Madhya Pradesh is shown in Figure No. 1 35

Figure 4.4 : Forest Cover Map of Madhya Pradesh 101. There are four important forest types viz. Tropical Moist, Tropical Dry, Tropical Thorn , Subtropical broadleaved Hill forests. The forest area can also be classified based on the composition of forest and terrain of the area. Based on composition, there are three important forest formations namely teak, Sal and miscellaneous forests. Bamboo bearing areas are widely distributed in the state. 102. Forest Area along the Project Section: There are no forests along the project road. 4.2.1.1.2 Flora 103. The study area is dominated by agricultural fields. The vegetation in the study area is found on the edges of fields and along the roadside. However, there are few orchards enroute the corridor which are fruit bearing in nature like Mangifera indica Syzygium cumini Tamarindus indica etc. Dominant species found along the road side are Shisham or Indian Rosewood- Dalbergia sissoo, Aam or Mango-Mangifera indica, Eucalyptus spp., Jamun or Java Plum- Syzygium cumini, Teak- Tectona grandis, Khair- Acacia catechu, Neem- Azadirachta indica, Kikar or Babul- Acacia nilotica, Siris - Albizia lebek, Ber or Indian Jujube- Zizyphus mauritiana, Kair or Teat -Capparis deciduas, Barh or Banyan- Ficus benghalensis, Pipal or Bo Tree - Ficus religiosa, Bogori - Zizyphus jujuba, Imli or Tamarind- Tamarindus indica, Ghoranim – Melia azedarach, Mahua - Madhuca indica and Bamboo plantations. The list of common trees observed during the present survey along the road is given in Table 4.11.

Table 4.11 : List of Plant Species found in the Study Area S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family Large Trees 1. Achar Buchanania lanzan (spreg) Anacardiaceae 2. Arjun Terminalia arjuna (Bedd) Combretaceae 3. Aam Mangifera indica (Linn) Anacardiaceae 4. Awla Emblica officinalis Euphorbiaceae 5. Imli Tamarindus indica (Linn) Caesalpiniaceae 6. Kardhai Anogeissus pendula Combrataceae 7. Kala siras Albizia lebbek Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 8. Kevlor Bauhinia purpurea Caesalpinaceae 9. Kumbhi Careya arborea Myrtaceae 10. Kullu Sterculia urens Stcrculiaceae 11. Kem Mitragyna parvifolia Rubiaceae 12. Khair Acacia catechu Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 13. Gular Ficus glomerata Moraceae 14. Gunja Gardenia pinnata Burseraceae 15. Chchwa Albizzia odoratissima Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 16. Chirol Holoptelea integrifolia Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 17. Jamun Syzygium cuimini Myrataceae 18. Kankar Lannea coromandalica Anacardiaceae 19. Tendu Diospyros melanoxeon Ebenaceae 20. Dhavda Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 21. Dhobin Dalbergia paniculata Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 22. Nilgiri Eucalyptus spp Myrtaceae 23. Neem Azadirachta indica Meliaceae 24. Palas Butea monosperma Leguminosea (papilionaceae) 25. Pakar Ficus infectoria Moraceae 26. Padar Stereospermum suaveolens Bignoniaceae 27. Pangra Erythrina Suberosa Leguminosae (Pipilionaceae) 28. Pipal Ficus religiosa Moraceae 29. Bad Ficus bengalensis Moraceae 30. Bahera Terminalia belerica Combretaceae 31. Babul Acacia nilotica Legumenosae (Mimoseae) 32. Bel Aegle marmelos Rutaceae 33. Bhirra Chloroxylon Swietenia, D.C. Meliaceae 34. Maharukh Ailanthus excelsa Simarubiaceae 35. Mahua Madhuca indica Sapotaceae 36. Shisham Delbergia latifolia, Roxb Leguminosae (Papilionaceae) 37. Safed Siras Albizzia procera, Benth Leguminosae (Mimoseae) 38. Sagwan Tectona grandis Verbenaceae 39. Saj Terminalia tomentosa Combretaceae 40. Salai Boswellia serrata Burseraceae 41. Seja Lagerstroemia parviflora Lythraceae 42. Semal Salmalia malabarica, Bombaxcieba Malvaceae 43. Haldu Adina Cardifolia Rubiaceae Small Trees 44. Amaltash Cassia fistula Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 45. Astara Bauhinia malabarica Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 46. Asta Bauhinia racermosa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 47. Ghont Zizyphus xylopyra Rhamnaceae 48. Ber Zizyphus jujube Rhamnaceae 49. Lokhandi Ixora arborea Rubiaceae 37

S. No. Local Name Botanical Name Family 50. Sehra Bauhinia retusa Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) Shrubs and Under Shrubs 51. Adusa Adhatoda vasica Acanthaceae 52. Apamarg Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae 53. Arandi Ricinus Communis Euphorbiaceae 54. Aak Calotropis gigantean Asclepiadaceae 55. Gokhru Tribulus terrestris Zygophllaceae 56. Zhadneri Zizyphus nummularia Rhamnaceae 57. Tulsi Ocimum Sanctum Labiatae 58. Thuar Euphorbia nerifolia Euphorbiaceae 59. Dhavai Woodfordia fruticosa Lythraceae 60. Nirgudi Vitex negundo Verbenaceae 61. Neel Indigofera pulchella Leguminosae 62. Pawar Cassia tora Leguminosae (Caesalpiniaceae) 63. Beshram Ipomoea pescaparae Convolvulaceae 64. Bhatkatiya Solanum nigrum Solanaceae 65. s Vidyasini Lantana camara Verbenaceae 66. Shatavari Asparagus recemosus Liliaceae 67. Sitafal Anona Squamosa Anonaceae 68. Harsingar Nyctanthes arbortristis Oleacaae 69. Ratanjot Jatropha curacas Evphorbiaceae 70. Gunja Abrus precatorious Leguminosea 71. Gauj Millietia auriculata Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 72. Palasbel Butea superba Leguminosea (Pipilionaceae) 73. Amrbel Cuscuta reflexa Convolvulaceae 74. Bans Dendrocalamus Strictus Gramineae Source: Field Survey and Secondary Sources 104. The study area shows presence of medicinal plants. The area abounds in production of many kinds of fruits, flowers, seeds and leaves which have medicinal properties. Study area has got a variety of trees and plants owing to the climatic and geological factors. There are many plants like Brahmi, Satavari, Safed Musli, Bahera, Amla, Dhavas, Arjuna which have medicinal value found in the study area. 105. No threatened, rare or endangered plant species is found in the project section.

4.2.1.2 Fauna 4.2.1.2.1 Wild Life and Protected Areas 106. There are 9 National Parks and 25 Sanctuaries spread over an area of 10,862 km2 constituting 11.40% of the total forest area and 3.52% of the geographical area of the state. The details of National Park and Sanctuaries is shown in Figure 4.4

Figure 4.5 : National Parks and Sanctuaries in Madhya pradesh 107. The vegetation density and diversity is an important factor determining the habitat and thus for particular wild animals. Different animals prefer different types of habitat for food and shelter. During the survey langur and macaque were sighted in different locations. Grazing activity mostly performed by domestic animals like cow, buffaloes, goat etc. was also witnessed during field survey. The public consultation revealed the existence of Jackals, Foxes, Hare, macaque in the study area. The list of fauna present in study area is given in Table 4.12.

Table 4.12 : List of Fauna found in the Study Area S. No. Local Name Zoological Name Family 1. Common Langur Presbytia entellus Colobidae 2. Rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta Circopthecidae 3. Common jungle cat Felis chaus Felidae 4. Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi Herpestidae 5. Jackal Canis aureus Canidae 6. Indian Fox Vulpes benglensis Canidae 7. Common five Stripped squirrel Funambulus pennanti Sciuridae 8. Field rat Bandicota bengalensis Muridae 9. Common house rat Rattus rattus-refescena Muridae 10. Common India Porcupine Hystrix indica Hystricidae 11. Common Indian hare Lepus nigricollis Leporidae Source: Field Study/Secondary Sources and Public Consultation 108. The reptile includes the snakes and lizards of various types. Non poisonous snakes include rat snake, Dhaman etc. the poisonous snakes include the cobra, common Krait, Russell’s viper etc. lizards including monitor lizard are also observed. The agriculture field in the study area provides an ideal habitat for many snakes and other reptiles. Reptiles such as Russell viper, cobra, and python were found occasionally in the 39

dense vegetation areas as per-narrated by local people. The list of common reptiles found in the study area is shown in Table 4.13

Table 4.13 : List of Reptiles in the Study Area S. No. Scientific Name English Name Family 1. Python molurus Indian python Pythonidae 3. Mabuya carinata Common skink Scincidae 6. Ptyas mucosus Rat snake Colubridae 7. Hemidactyhus House Lizard Gekkonidae flaviviridis 9. Calotes versicolor Garden Lizard Agamidae 10. Bungarus caeruleus Common India Krait Elapidae 11. Viper russelli Russel’s Viper Viperidae 14. Naja naja Indian cobra Elapidae 17. Varanus bengalensis Moniter Lizard varanidae 18. Dendrelaphis tristis Tree snake Colubridae Source: Secondary Sources and Public Consultation 109. There are no Wild Life Sanctuaries/National Parks, Tiger Reserves etc. in the project area 110. The common Butterflies found in the study area are Danaus chrysippus, Tirumala limniace, Euploea core etc the list of Butterflies found in the study area is given in Table 4.14.

Table 4.14 : List of Butterflies found in the study area S. No. Scientific name Common name 1 Danaus chrysippus Plain tiger 2 Euthalia nais Baronet 3 Euploea core Common crow 4 Catopsilia Pomona Common emigrant 5 Danaus genutia Stripped tiger 6 Tirumala limniace Blue tiger Source: Secondary Sources 4.2.1.2.2 Avifauna 111. A total number of 22 species of birds were encountered during the present survey. Dominant bird species observed during the survey are blue rock pigeon, rose ringed parakeet, small blue kingfisher, green bee eater, house crow, common myna, House sparrow etc. List of bird species found in study area is given in Table 4.15

Table 4.15 : List of Avifauna found in the Study Area S. No. English Name Zoological Name Family 1. Gray Heron Ardea Cinerea Ardeidae 2. Paddy Bird Ardeola grayii Ardeidae 3. Cattle egret Bulbulcus ibis Ardeidae 4. White egret Egretta alba Ardeidae 5. Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae 6. Black parteidge Francolinus from Colinus Phasianidae 7. Gray partridge Francolinus pond-icerianus Phasianidae 8. Common or gray quail Cotuenix coturnix Phasianidae 9. Red wattled lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadridae 10. Yellow wattled lapwing Vanellus malabaricus Charadridae 11. Common green pigeon Treron Phoenicoptera Collumbidae 12. Blue rock pigeon Columba livia Collumbidae 13. Indian ring dove Streptopelia decaocto Collumbidae 14. Spotted dove Streptopelia chinensis Collumbidae 15. Large Indian Parakeet Psittacula eupatria Psittacidae 16. Rose ringed Parakeet Psittacula Krameri Psittacidae 17. Blossom headed Psittacula cyanocephala Psittacidae parakeet 18. Koel Eudynamys scolopaceae Cuculidae 19. Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae 20. Pied king fisher Ceryle rudis Alcedinidae 21. Small Blue king fisher or Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae Common king fisher 22. White breasted king Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae fisher 23. Green bee eater Merops orientalis Meropidae 24. Indian roller blue jay Coracias benghalensis Coracidae 25. Indian pitta Pitta brachyuran Pittiade 26. Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus Orioladae 27. King crow; Black Drongo Dicrurus adsimilis Dicruidae 28. Large Racket tailed Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruidae drango 29. Pied myna Sturnus contra Sturnidae 30. Common myna Aeridotheres tristis Sturnidae 31. Jungle myna Aeridotheres Sturnidae 32. House crow Corvus splendens Corvidae 33. Jungle crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae 34. Red whisked bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Pycnontidae 35. Redvented bulbul Pyenonotus cafer Pycnontidae 36. Jungle babbler Turdoidesstriatus Muscicapidae Timalinae 37. Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae 41

S. No. English Name Zoological Name Family 38. Magpie Robin Copsychus-saularis Muscicapidae Turdinae 39. Indian Robin Saxicola fulicatus Muscicapidae Turdinae 40. Grey wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae 41. Yellow Wagtail Motacilla glava Motacillidae 42. Purple sun Bird Nectarinia asiatica Nectarinidae 43. House sparrow Passer-domesticus passerinae 44. Weaver bird Ploceus philippinus passerinae 45. Red Munia Estrilda amandava Estrildinae Source: Secondary Sources and public consultation 112. Roadside plantations: The major species envisaged Mango, Babool, Sagon, Gurar, Sheesham, Pipal, Aam, Chidol, Liptus, Sheesham, Soya Babool, Palash, etc along the project road. It is envisaged that about 1422 trees (675 trees in left side and 747 trees are on right side) exist within a corridor of 20 m along (10 m on either side from the centre line) of the project road. 4.2.2. Aquatic Ecology 113. The important fishes commonly available in the region are Catla catla, Labeo rohita, Labeio calbase, Cirrihinus, mirgigale, Clarius, batrachus, Rita rita, Heteropneuptus fonilis, Notopterus nontopterus, N. Chitala, Macrobrachum rosenbergii, M. malconsini, M. Chapral, Channa punetatus C. gaehua, C.striatus. 4.3. Socio-Economic Environment 4.3.1. Economic Development 114. The economy of Madhya Pradesh is based on agriculture, forest products, industries, mineral resources, and cottage industry sectors. The gross domestic product of the state amounted to Rs. 304,720 million in 1990, in 1995 this figure amounted to Rs. 478,410 million, and in 2000 this figure stood at Rs. 737,150 million. 4.3.1.1 Agriculture 115. In 2004-05, the state has produced about 14.1million tones of food grains (comprising Cereals 10.7million tonnes and 3.4million tonnes of pulses) and about 4.8 million tones of total Oilseed (Soyabean production is 3.75 million tones). The state has contributed 7.43% food grains, 8.7% cereals and 21.4% pulses to the national food storage. The contribution of national oil seed production was 22.1% in the 2003-04. Thus the state became highest producer of pulses and second oilseed producer in the country in 2003-04. 116. Agriculture of the Project District: The major economic crops of the district are Soyabean, Wheat, Gram Jowar and Pulses. The district is economically backward because of unfertile land and lack of irrigation sources.

4.3.1.2 Mineral Resources 117. Madhya Pradesh is rich in minerals. There are large reserves of coal and important deposits of iron ore, manganese ore, bauxite, limestone, dolomite, copper, fire clay & china clay. Diamond reserves at Panna are of particular interest. There are 24 cement factories in the state. The state is one of the largest producers of cement in the country. The reserves of dolomite (66 million tonnes), fuller’s earth (1.2 lakh million tonnes), clay (12030 million tonnes), lime stone, quartz etc. reported in project area. 118. Mineral Resources of the Project District: The Vindhyan range of the project district provides good sandstone and limestone. 4.3.1.3 Industries 119. The major industries of the state are electronics, telecommunications, petrochemicals, food processing and automobiles. The state has also taken a lead in the production of cement. The state is also famous for its traditional handicrafts and handlooms manufactured at Chanderi and Maheshwar. The major industrial unit in the state are- cement, Pig Iron, Steel Ingots, News Prints and Sugar mills. 120. Industries of Project District: Industries include oilseed milling, handloom weaving and dyeing, and the manufacture of bell-metal vessels and pottery, bidi (indigenous cigarette) factories, cement and gold and silver smithies. A number of betel leaf gardens are located around Damoh, and the leaf is exported. Annual fairs are held on Nagapanchami day and the Jatashankar fair is held in January. It has a considerable cattle-market, and a number of small industries, such as weaving, dyeing and pottery-making. Because of the Limestone deposits in and around it, Mysore Cements Ltd., a Company owned and controlled by the "House of Birlas", constructed a large cement plant - Diamond Cements - at Narsingarh with a capacity of One million tons per annum. 121. Industries in the project road section:-No industries exist in the section of the project road. 4.4. Infrastructural Facilities 4.4.1.1 Water Supply 122. The groundwater condition of the projects districts is poor. It is for this reason that agriculture in the region is monsoon dependent. Groundwater is primarily used for drinking and domestic purposes in the project influence area. 4.4.1.2 Transportation 123. Madhya Pradesh is poorly served with transport and communication facilities. State has about 21km of roads per 100 sq. km, as amongst an all India average of 62 km per sq. km. The road network is deficient both in the quantum network connectivity as well as in riding quality of the roads, mainly the state highways, district roads and village roads. The main railroads that pass through the state were originally laid down to connect the ports of Chennai, Mumbai and Kolkota with their surrounding areas. Important railway junctions include Bhopal, Ratlam, Khandwa, 43

Itarsi and Katni. Major airports connecting the states with other part of the country are at Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Rewa and Khajuraho, as well as several national highways. 124. Transportation of the Project District: Damoh district is connected by rail and road. It lies on Bina –katni railway line of western –central Railway. SH- 37 is passing through the district. Damoh is well connected by rail and road. The nearest rail heads are Harpalpur and Jhansi from Delhi and Madras and the Satna district is connected with both the districts and is the nearby rail head for the people coming from Mumbai, Calcutta and Varanasi through Mumbai-Allahbad line of the Central Railway. Damoh district is well connected to Sagar and Jabalpur by road and rail. The nearest airport to Damoh district is Jabalpur. 125. The proposed Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad road i/c Hata Town section serves as a link connecting important cities of Damoh District. This will improve the quality of life for the rural population in the project influence area (Damoh, Hata and Gaisabad) this as a result of better access to markets, health, education and other facilities; and the derived stimulus for local economic activity. The project road connects to the tourist destinations i.e. Jatashankar and Nohleshwar temple in Damoh district.The improvement of roads infrastructure in the region will enhance the tourism potential as well as will lead to increased socio-economic activities in the district. Therefore, the existing road infrastructure urgently needs improvement by widening and reconstruction. 4.4.1.3 Power Sources and Availability 126. The state is well endowed with potential hydroelectric power. Main hydroelectric projects (jointly developed with other states) are the Babanthadi with Maharashtra, the Ban Sagar with Bihar and uttar Pradesh, the Chambal Valley with Rajasthan, Narmada Sagar with Gujrat and Rajasthan, and Rajghat and Urmil with Uttar Pradesh. The Hasdeo Bango, Bargi, and Birsinghapur thermal power projects are also within the state. 127. Installed power capacity of Madhya Pradesh is 6,305 MW, of which 2,990 MW is produced from state’s own projects, 1,599 MW from joint-venture projects and 1,716 MW from the central sector allocation. Per capita electricity consumption in the state is 270 Kwh. About 97.43% villages in the state have been electrified. 4.4.2. Population and Communities 128. Madhya Pradesh is a landlocked state in the central part of the country with a population of 60.3 million with more than74% of the population living in the rural areas. The population density of the state is 196 persons/km2 an compared to 325 persons/km2 of India. Sex ratio of the state is 920 against the 933 in the country. 129. According to the census 2001, the state of Madhya Pradesh and India have following facts on Population (Table 4.16)

Table 4.16 : Demographic Profile of the State and the country S. No. Feature Madhya Pradesh India 1 Geographical Area (sq. km) 308824 3287240 2 Total Population 60385118 1028737436 3 Male population 31456873 532223090 4 Female population 28928245 496514346 5 Rural Population 44282528 742490639 6 Urban Population 16102590 286119689 7 Density 196 325 8 Sex ratio (female/1000 male) 920 933 9 Literacy (%) 64.08 64.8 Source: Census Data, Census of India, 2001

130. The project road SH-47 is passing through the 14 villages of the district. These villages are listed in Table 4.17.

Table 4.17 : List of villages in the project road Chainage S. No. Name of the village Side From To 1. Lakshmankuti 0.000 2.300 Both sides 2. Palar 8.700 9.300 Both sides 3. Mudiya 11.100 12.700 Both sides 4. Bangaon 19.000 19.500 Both sides 5. Kanjara 23.100 23.550 Both sides 6. Luhari 27.300 28.100 Both sides 7. Hata Town 33.100 37.00 Both sides 8. Binati 40.000 40.500 Both sides 9. Karaiyajoshi 41.900 42.100 Both sides 10. Hardua Gadaiya 44.000 44.900 Both sides 11. Gutariya 45.900 46.800 Both sides 12. Hinota Kala 51.200 52.700 Both sides 13. Budwar 56.900 57.300 Both sides 14. Gaisabad 61.100 End of point Both sides Source: DPR and Strip Mapping 131. The total number of households in the villages of the project road is 8688 where the total population is 45065. Out of these, about 77.54 % is general.The SC/ST population accounts for about 22.46 % of the total population as shown in Figure 4.6. The figure also reveals that the gender ratio among SC/ST population is almost the same. 45

6000 1.43% 21.03% 5000

4000 M F GEN SC 3000 ST 2000 Populations (Nos) 1000

0 77.54% SC ST

Source: Census of India, 2001 Figure 4.6 : Demographic Status of the Project Section 4.4.3. Literacy 132. The overall literacy rate of Madhya Pradesh is 64.08 %, which is almost equivalent to the countries literacy rate (64.8%). The project road passing through the Damoh district of Madhya Pradesh covering 14 villages have total literacy rate of 62.7% (Figure 4.7).The population of literate male (60.51%) is comparatively high than female literate (39.48%).

18000 16000 14000 LIT ILL 12000 10000 8000 6000

Population (Nos) 4000 2000 0 Male Female

Figure 4.7 : Literacy rate along the project section 4.4.4. Occupational Status 133. In the villages of the project road 39.1 % of the total population comprise the workforce out of which about 69.1 % are male working class population. Marginal population of villages of the project road is 6.98 %. Maximum percentage of the workers is in the agriculture sector as cultivators or agricultural labourers or employee in agro based industries as shown in Figure 4.8.

18%

32.14%

MA IN CL MAIN WORKER 11% MAIN AL MARG WORKER MA IN HH NON WORKER 59% 60.88% MA IN OT 6.99% 12%

7000 900 800 6000 M F 700 5000 600 M F 500 4000 400 3000 300

2000 Population (Nos) 200 Populations (Nos) 100 1000 0 0 MA RG CL MARG AL MA RG HH MA RG OT MA IN CL MAIN AL MA IN HH MA IN OT

Figure 4.8 : Occupational Status 134. Tribal population in the project area is very low (1.43 % in the project area). 4.4.5. Structures or sites of historical, archaeological, paleontological, or architectural significance 135. There is no such site of significance either impacted or in the close vicinity of the project area. 4.4.6. Areas of Eco-Sensitivity/Protected Area/Restricted Area legislative and others 136. The project road does not pass through any National Park / Wildlife Sanctuary. No forest exists along the project road.

5. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND ITS MITIGATION MEASURES 137. Environmental impacts have been assessed considering present environmental setting of the project area, nature, and extent of the proposed activities. Suitable approach and qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to ascertain likely direct and indirect impacts during design, construction and operation stages of the project. Impacts are classified as being insignificant, minor, moderate and major. The mitigation measures have been presented along with the impacts. . 138. During the field study, a number of informal consultations were held with people in the locality including those presently living along the various stretches of the sub project corridor. Some NGOs working in the areas were also contacted. Discussions were held with various concerned Government authorities like with Forests Departments, pollution control boards, State environmental impact assessment authority. Outcome of these consultations is referred for environmental impact assessment and designing of mitigative measures. 5.1. Impact on Physical Environment 5.1.1. Climate Design and Construction Phase 139. Project will have no impact on climate of the area. The subproject may have minor impact on weather conditions of the area due to cutting of the 471 trees. Mitigation Measures 140. All efforts are made to minimise the cutting the trees through suitable design modifications. Supervision consultants will further ensure minimal cutting of the trees during the construction stage. The compensatory afforestation shall be made on the basis of 1:7. The plantations shall begin with start of construction. The survival of plantation will be ensured, even if they are planted through concerned forest department. Tree of native variety only will be planted. In addition to above plantation, additional trees shall be planted through village Panchayats to improve microclimatic conditions of the area. Operation Stage 141. The sub-project road is located in vast open agricultural land which will provide adequate dispersion of gaseous emission from vehicle. Further, extensive plantation will ameliorate/enhance the micro-climate. It also has associated benefits with respect to Green House Gas (GHG) emission reduction. The GHG emission reduction is anticipated due to improved road conditions and better connectivity. The GHG reduction is anticipated due to reduced idling of vehicle and reduced travel time due to better road condition.

Mitigation Measures 142. It is proposed that MPRDC may initiate study to assess the GHG emission reduction and reap the economic benefits from road improvement projects including higher tree plantation. 5.1.2. Natural Hazard 143. Earthquake: The sub project roads lies in seismic zone II/III as per classification by Bureau of Indian Standards. This means lower to medium seismic intensity. Mitigation Measures 144. All subproject structures shall be designed with consideration of above seismicity. 5.1.3. Air Quality Design and Construction Phase 145. The potential sources of air emission during the construction phase of the project are: (i) dust from earth works (during site preparation), (ii) emissions from the operation of construction equipment and machines, (iii) fugitive emissions from vehicles plying on the road, (iv) fugitive emissions during the transport of construction materials, (v) air emissions other than dust arise from combustion of hydrocarbons particularly from the hot mix plants, and (vi) localised increased traffic congestion in construction areas. Most of the emissions will be in the form of coarse particulate matter which will settle down in close vicinity of construction site. Hot mix plant will generate carbon monoxide (CO), un-burnt hydrocarbon (HC), sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matters (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. This may affect the air quality of nearby areas, especially, due to emission discharge from low height of the stack. However, this will be a temporary phase and hence, no significant impact is envisaged. 146. The stone aggregate will be sourced from licensed quarries. No new quarries shall be opened for the project. The pollution related aspects to these quarries are independently complied by the quarry owner. Mitigation Measures 147. Road pavement design should be such that tyre friction due to vehicle movement will be reduced. Vehicles delivering loose and fine materials like sand and aggregates shall be covered. Dust suppression measures like water sprinkling, water fogging shall be applied in all dust prone locations such as unpaved haulage roads5, earthworks, stockpiles and asphalt mixing plant areas. PPE shall be provided to the construction workers to minimise inhalation of respirable suspended particulate matter. 148. Mixing plants and asphalt (hot mix) plants shall be located at least 1 km away and in downwind direction of the human settlements. Material storage areas shall also be located downwind of the habitation area. Contractor shall obtain consent to establish and operate from concerned

5 Water suppression of fugitive dust can reduce emissions from 12% to 98% 49

State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) before its use for the project road. Hot mix plant shall be fitted with stack of adequate height (30 m) or as may be prescribed by SPCB to ensure enough dispersion of exit gases. Diesel Generating (DG) sets shall also be fitted with stack of adequate height. Low sulphur diesel shall be used in DG sets and other construction machineries. Construction vehicles and machineries shall be periodically maintained. LPG should be used as fuel source in construction camps instead of wood, wherever possible. 149. Air quality monitoring shall be carried out during construction phase. Suitable pollution control measures shall be adopted if monitored parameters are found above the prescribed limit. 150. The aggregate will be transported in covered trucks through existing national and state highways. Operation Phase 151. The bad road conditions and settlement areas due to which traffic congestion occurs are the main causes of the air and noise pollution at present. The improved road conditions will result in the improved ambient air quality. Since traffic is projected to increase with improved roads and better connectivity, the impact will remain more or less same. Since subproject road is largely traversing through vast open agriculture areas, which provides adequate dispersion to gaseous pollutants generated from vehicles. Mitigation Measures 152. It is proposed to maintain the road conditions including shoulders and embankment turfing. Trees shall be planted close to sensitive locations such as hospital, school boundaries and near religious places. 153. Awareness boards for safe and fuel efficient driving shall be fixed at major intersections and habited locations.

5.1.4. Noise Design and Construction Phase 154. Ambient noise level may increase temporarily in the close vicinity of various construction activities, maintenance workshops and vehicles and earthmoving equipment. These construction activities are expected to produce noise levels in the range of 80 – 95 dB(A) (at a distance of about 5 m from the source). Although this level of noise is higher than the permissible limit for ambient noise level for residential/commercial levels but will occur only intermittently and temporary. This noise level will attenuate fast with increase in distance from noise source. Impact due to noise during construction activities will be minimal to inhabitants since most of the built-up areas are located at safer distance from the road. However, there are few noise sensitive locations especially schools close to the alignment (Table 5.1)

Table 5.1 : List of Some Noise- Sensitive Locations along the Alignment Chainage Offset from the Edge S. No Village Feature Side (L/R) (km) of Road 1 0.45 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 15 2 1.6 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 17 3 2.1 Lakshmankuti Temple R/S 20 4 3.9 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 18 5 6.1 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 21 6 6.1 Lakshmankuti Temple R/S 22 7 6.45 Lakshmankuti School L/S 40 8 7.6 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 23 9 8.8 Palar School R/S 30 10 9.15 Palar Temple R/S 20 11 9.3 Palar Temple R/S 19 12 13.6 Bangaon Temple L/S 24 13 19.1 Bangaon School L/S 26 14 21 Bangaon Temple L/S 23 15 24.05 Kanjara Temple L/S 25 16 27.55 Luhari School R/S 30 17 34.6 Hata Town School R/S 20 18 35.05 Hata Town Temple R/S 20 19 35.25 Hata Town Temple R/S 19 20 35.8 Hata Town Temple R/S 21 21 36.15 Hata Town Temple L/S 23 22 36.2 Hata Town Temple R/S 21 23 36.25 Hata Town Temple R/S 20 Source: DPR and Strip Mapping Mitigation Measures 155. Vehicles and equipments should be fitted with silencers and maintained regularly. The workers shall be provided with personal protection devices such as earplugs and earmuffs. Tree plantation shall be started along with the construction activities. Noise and vibration monitoring shall be carried out as per the suggested monitoring plan. The construction equipments/machinery (stationary) shall be placed away from habitat areas Operation Phase 156. During the operational phase, movement of traffic will be the prime source of noise. Traffic congestion and pedestrian interferences increase the use of horns. This may result in increased noise levels at commercial areas, nearby schools and religious places. Mitigation Measures 157. Effective traffic management and good riding conditions shall be maintained to reduce the noise level throughout the stretch and speed limitation and honking restrictions may be enforced near sensitive. Multilayer trees shall be planted close to the sensitive locations. 51

5.1.5. Impact on Land and Soil 5.1.5.1 Loss of Productive Soil and Change in Land use Design and Construction Phase 158. No land use will change due to the project since required ROW is available throughout the alignment. Land use though will change temporarily of construction camp areas and for the period of construction. This will also result in loss of soil productivity. 159. Land use may also change due to borrowing the earth. Land will also loose its productivity if top soil is not preserved. Mitigation Measures 160. . It shall be ensured that the land taken on lease for access road and construction camp is restored back to its original land use before handing it over back to land owner. 161. The top soil from the productive land (borrow areas, road widening areas etc.) shall be preserved and reused for plantation purposes. It shall also be used as top cover of embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion. Operation Phase 162. The better access can lead to conversion of agriculture land for residential and commercial purposes close to roads and especially in rural and urban area. This may result in loss of productive land and agricultural produce. Mitigation Measures 163. The EA may explore the feasibility of restricting about 50 m area on either side of the road as no development zone on the line restriction is imposed for National Highways in India. 5.1.5.2 Soil Erosion Design and Construction Phase 164. Soil erosion may take place along steep and uncompacted embankment slope, and wherever vegetation is cleared. Soil erosion may have cumulative effect viz. siltation, embankment damage, drainage problem etc. Loss of soil due to run off from earth stock-piles may also lead to siltation. The intensity of soil erosion at different locations will be influenced by the lithology, topography, soil type and climatic condition (mainly rainfall) and drainage pattern. Mitigation Measures 165. Bank protection measures shall be taken at erosion prone areas. The protection measures may include use of geo-textiles matting. Provision of side drain shall be made to guide the water to natural outfalls. Stone pitching shall be carried out wherever necessary. When soil is spread on slopes for permanent disposal, it shall be buttressed at the toe by retaining walls. Side slopes of the embankment shall not be steeper than 2H:1V. Turfing/bio-turfing of embankment and slopes shall be done along

the stretch. IRC: 56 -1974 recommended practice for treatment of embankment slopes for erosion control shall be taken into consideration. Soil erosion shall be visually checked on slopes and high embankment areas. In case soil erosion is found, suitable measures shall be taken to control the soil erosion. 166. Though terrain is flat all through the stretch, except at few locations where it is rolling terrain. Therefore, all steep cuts shall be flattened and benched. Retaining wall on both sides shall be provided. Shrubs shall be planted in loose soil area. Operation Phase 167. Soil of steep slopes of embankment and near bridge approaches may erode the embankment formation due to unexpected rainfall. Soil erosion condition may arise if borrow areas are not stabilized/restored properly. Regular visual checking of effectiveness of soil erosion measures (turfing, stone pitching, etc.) shall form part of the environmental monitoring during project operation. Regular monitoring of side drains and cross drainage structures will also be carried out to check any drainage blockade situation. 5.1.5.3 Borrow Areas and Quarries Design and Construction Phase 168. The project area is generally having a flat terrain. Farmers were ready to provide earth from their field up to certain depth on adequate compensation, it is recommended that borrowing from agricultural land shall be minimised to the extent possible. Further, no earth shall be borrowed from already low lying areas. 169. Borrow areas if left un-rehabilitated may pose risk to people, particularly children and animals of accidentally falling into it as well as become potential breeding ground for mosquitoes and vector born disease. 170. Illegal quarrying may lead to unstable soil condition; destroy the landscape of the terrain, air and noise pollution. Opening of new quarries is not envisaged due to the proposed project. Quarry material will be sourced from existing nearby quarries. Mitigation Measures 171. Borrow pits shall be selected from barren land/wasteland to the extent possible. Borrow areas should not be located on cultivable lands except in the situations where land owners desires to level the land. The top soil shall be preserved and depth shall be restricted to the desired level. Borrow areas should be excavated as per the intended end use by the owner. The Indian Road Congress (IRC):10-1961 guideline should be used for selection of borrow pits and amount that can be borrowed 172. The depths in borrow pits should be so regulated that the sides are not be steeper than 25%. To the extent possible, borrow areas shall be sited away from habited areas. Borrow areas shall be levelled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, it shall be converted into intended use as per the requirement of 53

land owner/community. The borrow area shall be located/ rehabilitated as per the guidelines given at Appendix 5.1 5.1.5.4 Compaction and Contamination of Soil Design and Construction Phase 173. Soil in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, haulage roads, and construction camp area may be compacted due to movement of construction vehicles, machineries, equipments and due to siting of construction camps and workshops. 174. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of liquid waste, (lubricating oil and fuel spills, waste oil and lubricant and vehicle/equipment washing effluent) and solid waste (fuel filters, oily rags) likely to be generated from repair and maintenance of transport vehicles, construction equipment and machinery. Soil may get contaminated due to inappropriate disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage from construction camps. Mitigation Measures 175. To prevent soil compaction in the adjoining productive lands beyond the ROW, the movement of construction vehicles, machinery and equipment shall be restricted to the designated haulage route. The productive land shall be reclaimed after construction activity. Septic tank or mobile toilets fitted with anaerobic treatment facility shall be provided at construction camp. Domestic solid waste at construction camp shall be segregated into bio-degradable and non-biodegradable waste. The non- biodegradable and recyclable waste shall be sold off. Efforts shall be made that bio-degradable waste shall be composted in the mechanised and movable composter by the contractor. Non biodegradable and non saleable waste shall be disposed off to authorised land fill site. If land fill site not available then burial of the waste in a secured manner shall be ensured. 176. Fuel and lubricants shall be stored at the predefined storage location. The storage area shall be paved with gentle slope to a corner and connected with a chamber to collect any spills of the oils. All efforts shall be made to minimise the waste generation. Unavoidable waste shall be stored at the designated place prior to disposal. To avoid soil contamination at the wash-down and re-fuelling areas, “oil interceptors” shall be provided. Oil and grease spill and oil soaked materials are to be collected and stored in labelled containers (Labelled: WASTE OIL; and hazardous sign be displayed) and sold off to SPCB/ MoEF authorized re-refiners. Operation Stage 177. No impact on soil is anticipated during operation phase of the project except along slope lying areas and near bridge approaches where unexpected rainfall may erode the embankment formation and deterioration of borrow areas if not rehabilitated properly.

Mitigation measures 178. Erosion prone areas shall be visually checked periodically for any erosion and appropriate corrective action shall be taken if any erosion is identified. 5.1.6. Groundwater Design and Construction Stage 179. Water will be mainly required for compaction of formation and domestic purposes in the workers camp. These requirements will be mainly sourced from groundwater (approximately 300 KL per day). Also, the depth to water table in some part is depleting annually. Any uncontrolled abstraction can further deteriorate the situation. Contamination of groundwater is not envisaged since all construction camps will have septic tanks or mobile toilets depending on the number of workers in each camp. Mitigation Measures 180. Requisite permission shall be obtained for abstraction of groundwater from State Ground Water Board/Central Ground Water Authority. 181. The contractor shall make arrangements for water required during construction in such a way that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remains unaffected. 182. Water intensive activities shall not be undertaken during summer period to the extent feasible. 183. Provision shall be made to link side drains with the nearby ponds for facilitating water harvesting. Where ponds are not available, the water harvesting pits shall be constructed as per the requirement and rainfall intensity. Operation Stage 184. No impact is anticipated on groundwater due to the project during operation phase, hence, no specific mitigation is proposed. 5.1.7. Siltation and Surface Water Quality of Rivers and Other Water Bodies Design and Construction Stage 185. The project section is being crossed by Sohar Rivers which dry up during non-monsoon period. Hence, no impact is envisaged on surface water bodies in the project section. Minimal impacts are anticipated on new water harvesting ponds that maybe formed from borrow areas. 186. Since most of the major water bodies are seasonal in nature, siltation impact due to bridge rehabilitation works will be negligible, if construction debris/other waste are cleared immediately after construction. The temporary pollution of water bodies from spillage of chemicals and oil at construction sites and waste from construction camps may occur. Soil erosion has direct bearing on siltation. The siltation likely to be caused due to bank erosion has already been addressed above in soil erosion section. 55

187. Accidental oil and chemicals spills can contaminate the water. Mitigation Measure 188. Siltation Issues: Required mitigation as suggested in soil erosion section shall be taken into consideration. Bridge rehabilitation activity is recommended during non-monsoon (mid-September to mid-June) period. Silt fencing and/or brush barrier shall be installed for collecting sediments before letting them into the water body. Silt/sediment should be collected and stockpiled for possible reuse as surfacing of slopes where they have to be re-vegetated. Chute drains shall be provided to drain surface runoff and prevent erosion from slopes. 189. Fuel and Lubricant Spillage Issue: All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. No vehicles or equipment should be parked or refuelled near water-bodies, so as to avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants. All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection. The emergency response procedures including reporting, preferably written in the local language and simple to understand shall be provided by the contractors. The slopes of embankments leading to water bodies should be modified and re-channelised to prevent entry of contaminants. Large construction camps shall be avoided along the alignment and located away from habitation and water bodies. 190. Waste Disposal Issues: All wastes arising from the construction should be disposed in an environmentally accepted manner so as not to block the flow of water in the channels. The wastes should be collected, stored and transported to the approved disposal sites. Construction labourers shall be preferable from local population. Sewage from labour camps will be treated through septic tanks. No untreated sanitary wastewater shall be discharged into surface water bodies. Operation Stage 191. No major or long-term impact is anticipated during the operation phase on the surface water bodies due to the project implementation activities. Oil-contaminated runoff from the road during monsoon will have minimal impacts considering their low concentration. However, regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockade of drains. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures to ensure for its effective maintenance. 5.1.8. Hydrology and Drainage Design and Construction Stage 192. The activities involved with proposed road development will be carried out along with existing alignment. No new bridge is proposed to be constructed. Existing bridges/cross drainage structures are only to be improved. Diversion of water channels during rehabilitation of cross drainage structures is not envisaged. Mitigation Measures

193. Elaborate drainage system shall be provided to drain the storm water from the roadway and embankment and to ensure minimum disturbance to natural drainage of surface and subsurface water of the area. The design of drainage system such as surface and sub-surface drainage shall be carried out as per IRC: SP: 42 and IRC: SP: 50. Surface runoff from the main highway, embankment slopes and the service roads shall be discharged through longitudinal drains, designed for adequate cross section, bed slopes, invert levels and the outfalls. If necessary, the walls of the drains shall be designed to retain the adjoining earth. IRC: 34- 1970: Recommendations for road construction in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines for Design of High Embankments shall be referred. Operation Stage 194. Water accumulation incidence may occur due to inadequate availability of cross drainage structure or clogging of cross drainage structures. Mitigation Measures 195. Regular removal/cleaning of deposited silt shall be done from drainage channels and outlet points before the monsoon season. Rejuvenation of the drainage system by removing encroachments/ congestions will be regularly conducted. 196. Water logging in the low lying and adjoining areas especially during monsoon season is long standing issue. The permanent and long term solution is possible only through co-ordinations between different departments/agencies that include irrigation, agriculture, fisheries, and road construction. 5.2. Impact on Biological Environment 5.2.1. Terrestrial Ecology 197. About 471 trees are likely to be cut due to the proposed road improvement work. The impact and mitigation due to tree cutting has been discussed in following paragraphs. Design and Construction Stage 198. One month before the construction starts, clearing and grubbing will be performed by the contractor. All trees within the ROW with 300 mm diameter at 1 m above the ground will be cut, including the removal of stumps. All stumps and roots of trees of girth more than 33 mm at above 1 m from the ground level will be culled. 199. 471 trees are likely to be affected due to the project. Most of the roadside trees are non-fruit bearing in nature. The cutting of trees will have minor to negligible impact on local environment. Moreover, this will be temporary since large number of trees have been planned to be planted on both sides of the road. This will improve the local climatic conditions in long term. Mitigation Measures 57

200. Requisite permission from forest department shall be obtained for cutting of roadside trees. 201. The project envisages plantation of approximately 3297 trees along both sides of road as per IRC SP: 21 specifications. This will include the compensatory plantation on 1:7 basis replacement rate. All tree plantations will be carried out in close consultation with forest department. 202. A range of 10-15 m centre-to-centre is recommended for spacing of trees (parallel to the road). Setback distance of trees in different situations shall be based on IRC: SP: 21 and IRC: 66. The distance between the kerb, if any, and the nearest edge of tree trunk shall be at least 2 m. The plantation in median shall comprise shrubs whose height would normally not exceed 1-1.5 m and shall be as per IRC SP: 21. 203. For safe traffic operation, vertical clearance between the crown of the carriageway and lowest part of overhang of the tree available across the roadway shall conform to the standards laid down in IRC: SP: 21. The pit size, fencing, watering, and manuring requirements shall also conform to the above standard. Excess use of pesticides shall be restricted. Planting shall be such that it does not obstruct the visibility of traffic from any side and shall be pleasing in appearance. Operation Stage 204. Positive impacts on terrestrial ecology are expected during the project operation due to the increase in vegetation and landscaping along the state highway. The Project will coordinate with the local communities to maintain and enhance the trees planted along the state road. ”No adverse impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management“. 205. No direct impact is anticipated during operation stage except accidental damages or absence of proper tree management. Mitigation Measures 206. Arrangement shall be made to ensure survivability of the tree plantation. The Social Forest Department or Divisional Forest Offices shall be consulted or involved in this programme. The tree survivability audit shall also be conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness of the programme. 5.2.2. Aquatic Ecology Design and Construction Stage 207. Large scale/organised fishing was not observed in the Sohar river of the project area. 208. Improvement of existing embankments particularly along the waterways will increase silt while accidental spill of materials, chemicals, and fuels will deteriorate receiving water quality. Mitigation Measures 209. Siltation shall be avoided by measures suggested above.

Operation Stage 210. No impact is envisaged during operation phase of the project and hence no mitigation proposed. However, periodic surveillance shall be conducted to check erosion and siltation in major water bodies. 5.2.3. Fauna Design and Construction Stage 211. No movement of schedule animals was found along the project section. However, domestic animals like cattle, cows, buffaloes cattles etc were cited. Mitigation measures 212. Disturbance to these animals will be avoided to the extent possible by restricting the construction time from 6 am – 6 pm. No food and waste littering will be ensured to disturb their natural habitat. 213. All precautions will be taken to minimise noise and other human activity in these areas. Operation Stage 214. No movement of schedule animals was found along the project section. However, domestic animals like cattle, cows, buffaloes cattles etc were cited. Mitigation measures 215. Fencing wherever cattle, cow and buffalo movement is expected. 216. To avoid the need for cattle underpasses, some of the proposed culverts `near habitations may be widened to facilitate cattle movement 5.3. Management of Construction Debris/Waste 217. Quarry dust and unused iron bars or damaged support structures constitute significant wastes. Mitigation for solid waste from construction camp has been given in construction camp section. Mitigation measures 218. All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage and the like will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. 219. Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre- designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. 220. The locations of dumping sites should be selected with following considerations. 221. Unproductive/wastelands shall be selected for dumping sites. 222. Away from residential areas and located at least 1000 m downwind side of these locations, 59

223. Dumping sites should be away from water bodies to prevent any contamination of these bodies. and 224. Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats about the location of debris disposal site has to be obtained before finalizing the location. 225. Form works will be re-used to the extent possible, more than 20 times as dictated by good practice. All stripped formworks will be examined for any damage and rectified in the workshop for re-use. Rectification includes plugging holes, and straightening bent steel props. 5.4. Socio-Economic Impact 226. Assessment of project impact on socio-economic conditions point to the conclusions that positive benefits are many fold compared to its adverse impact. 5.4.1. Positive Impacts 227. Road-side economic activities will increase due to increased number of vehicle using the road. Economic activities supporting transport like gasoline stations, automotive repair shops, lodging, and restaurants are expected to increase. Increase agro-industrial activities are also expected to take advantage of improved access to urban centres where there are higher demands and better prices for agricultural products. Other generic benefits of such projects are (i) Reduction in travel time (ii) better mode and frequency of transport (iii) access to quality heath care facilities, educational and other infrastructural facilities (iv) enhanced tourism activities in the area and state which in many terms will boost the local economy (v) better investment climate for industries creating more employment opportunities to local people. 5.4.2. Anticipated Negative Impacts 228. Minor losses like problems in accessibility and community linkage, health and safety during and after construction, and temporary change in demographic configuration are mitigable with minor to negligible residual impacts. 5.4.2.1 Impacts due to Construction Camp and Immigration of Workers 229. Poor siting and improper management of construction camp may lead to several adverse impacts on environment viz. (i) loss of vegetation due to use of wood as fuel source for cooking (ii) deterioration in nearby surface water bodies’ quality (iii) compaction and contamination of soil due to uncontrolled disposal of solid waste (iv) Poor sanitation may result to transmission of communicable diseases among the workers and the host communities. This include the possible spread of sexually transmitted disease, diseases from improper handling and supply of foodstuffs, poor water supply, insect-borne diseases, and alcoholic and drug. Mitigation measures 230. Construction camp shall be sited at such locations so as to utilise the existing infrastructure. No productive land should be utilised for construction camp. All sites must be graded, ditched and rendered free

from depressions to avoid water stagnation and necessary provisions for adequate drainage must be made. Accommodation and ancillary facilities including recreational facility for workers shall be erected and maintained to standards and scales approved by the resident engineer. All camps should maintain minimum distance of 500 m from habitation and water bodies. 231. All construction camps shall be provided with sanitary latrines and urinals with provision of septic tanks attached with soak pits. Storm water drains shall be provided for the flow of used water outside the camp. Drains and ditches shall be treated with bleaching powder on a regular basis. Garbage bins must be provided in the camp and regularly emptied and disposed off in a hygienic manner. The possibility of using LPG cylinders as fuel source for cooking to avoid any tree cutting should be explored. 232. At every workplace, the contactor will ensure, in collaboration with local health authorities that a readily available first-aid unit including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials and appliances shall be provided. Suitable transport shall be provided to approach the nearest hospital. 233. The contractor will ensure the good health and hygiene of all workers to prevent sickness and epidemics. These include the HIV/AIDS prevention program to reduce the risk and transfer of HIV virus between and among the workers and community, promote early diagnosis and assist affected individuals. Activities under the program include monthly information, education, and consultation communication campaigns to workers, drivers, delivery crew, and communities on the risk, dangers, and impacts of STD and HIV/AIDS. 234. The contractor will ensure that sufficient supply of suitable and hygienically prepared food at reasonable price is available to the workers. 235. The contractor will provide adequate and safe water supply for the use of the workers. 236. The contractor will ensure that all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. 237. No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, and barter to the workers of host community. 238. Migrant workers may be the potential carriers of various diseases. Local community may get exposed to the diseases carried by migrant workers. Regular health check-up and immunization camps shall also be organized for the workers and nearby population. 5.4.2.2 Safety of Construction Workers and Accident Risk to Local Community Design and Construction Stage 239. The following safety aspects viz. (i) safety of construction workers, (ii) safety of road users including pedestrians and cyclists (iii) safety to cattle; (iv) safety of local community (iv) unsafe/ hazardous traffic conditions due to construction vehicle movement need to be considered during design and construction stage and (v) conduct of safety audit. 61

Mitigation measures 240. During the construction phase, contractors shall be required to adopt and maintain safe working practices. Internationally accepted and widely used safety procedures should be followed during (i) road works (ii) handling of large construction equipment and machineries, (iii) handling of chemicals and hazardous materials and inflammable substances (iii) welding (iv) electrical works etc. A set of mitigation measures for construction workers have been provided in EMP matrix table. 241. Contractor shall arrange all PPEs for workers, first-aid and fire fighting equipments at construction sites. An emergency plan shall be prepared duly approved by engineer in charge to respond to any instance of safety hazard. The contractor will be required to appoint an Accident Prevention Officer (APO) who will conduct regular safety inspections at construction sites. The APO will have the authority to issue instructions and take protective measures to prevent accidents. The partial control on access for the project road shall be achieved through measures like service road with physical separation for local traffic, intersections, acceleration/deceleration lanes, vehicular and pedestrian underpasses, median openings with shelter lane. 242. Grade separated intersections/junctions shall be provided at all major intersections in consistent to IRC: 92 243. Pedestrian/cyclist and cattle passageways shall be provided near identified locations. These facilities shall be planned in accordance with the relevant provisions contained in IRC-11, IRC-17 and IRC-103. The crossing facilities can be designed either in conjunction with grade intersections or through underpasses. 244. To avoid disruption of the existing traffic due to construction activities, comprehensive traffic management plan shall be drawn up by the concessionaire. Traffic in construction zones shall be managed as per the provisions of IRC SP 55. 245. After construction is completed in a particular zone, it shall be opened for normal operation. All diversions/access roads should be closed before start of normal operation. 246. Use of retro-reflectorized traffic signs, and cantilever/gantry types overhead signs, thermoplastic road marking paints, delineators, traffic cones, empty bitumen drums, barricades, and flagmen will be used to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures adopted during construction. The audit will cover manpower and their safety, machinery, temporary works, equipment and vehicles, materials storage and handling, construction procedures, environment, site safety guidelines, and miscellaneous services. Operation phase 247. Important issues related with safety during operational phase are monitoring of emergencies and establishing procedures to carry out rescues during sudden disasters such as floods, fires especially near habited areas.

Mitigation Measures 248. It is proposed to explore the feasibility of providing the following facilities:

o Highway patrol unit(s) for round the clock patrolling to provide assistance to the users in case of any need, monitor the travel conditions to provide information to the control section and to undertake immediate measures for managing the traffic flow in case of any incident.

o Phone booths for accident reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims.

o Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles. 249. MPRDC may also explore the possibility of coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate. 5.4.3. Obstruction and Disruption of Traffic Construction Phase 250. Disruption of access to infrastructure or social resource due to construction activity will cause nuisance and to a certain extent additional cost to the public in terms of longer travel period due to diversion or heavier traffic. It will also pose risk of accident to motorist at night if these blockages and disruption are not clearly demarcated. Mitigation Measures 251. The contractor will submit a Traffic Plan to the Project Engineer at least two weeks before the construction starts that will result to obstruction. The plan will include a drawing of temporary diversions and details of arrangement. It will also include plan for transportation of raw materials like quarry, sand etc. A section of the Traffic Plan will be a Control Plan that details how the safety of the pedestrians and workers and delineation of the roadway at night. This plan will recommend for approval of safe and convenient temporary diversion of traffic during construction, design of barricades, delineators, signs, markings, lights, and flagmen, among others. 252. Paved shoulder will be provided on one side of the existing road by the contractor with the following minimum requirements: • At least one 3.5 m lane to remain to traffic at all times • The surface used by the through traffic will be firm bituminous compacted surface free of defect • The maximum continuous length over which construction under traffic may take place is limited to 750 meters. • Construction activity will be restricted to only one side of the existing road. 253. On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. 63

These paved diversions will comply with standards on junctions and temporary cross drainage. 254. Transportation of quarry material to the construction sites through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible. This will restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. Small vehicles/un-motorised vehicle can also be used for its further transportation to the construction sites from temporary storage areas. 5.4.4. Transportation and Storage of Materials 255. The construction material primarily will consist off aggregate, sand, cement, bitumen, lubricating oil and fuel for vehicle and construction equipments. These will be stored temporarily at construction camps. Oils, fuels and chemicals will be stored on concreted platform with spill collection pits while cement will be stored under cover. All these temporary storage areas will be located at least 150 m away from the habitat areas. The likely impacts due to transportation and storage including fugitive emission have already been covered under different section above. 5.4.4.1 Impact on Land and Private Properties 256. The assessment made by the resettlement expert shall be referred for exact loss of private properties and measures to compensate such losses. Environmental screening of resettlement sites, if required for the project, shall be carried out. Besides monetary compensation for any loss of private trees, compensatory afforestation and extensive plantation has been incorporated in the EMP to have long-term environmental benefits. 257. Income restoration measures/livelihood options for vulnerable group/resource poor sections and other affected persons as recommended by social development/resettlement expert shall be implemented. 5.4.4.2 Impact on Common Property Resources 258. There are various types of community structures/ facilities/utilities along the proposed alignment. Geometric adjustments have been made to minimize the loss to any such facilities. Any such structures even falling within ROW but out of required formation width shall be saved. Alternate access has to be provided to these structures during construction stage. No community structures are likely to be dismantled/relocated. The impact on other community properties has been provided at Table 5.2.

Table 5.2 : Common Property Resources Along the Alignment Distance from S. Chainage Side Village Feature the centre of No (km) (L/R) road (m) 1 0.4 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 15 2 1.6 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 17 3 2.1 Lakshmankuti Temple R/S 20 4 3.9 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 18 5 6.1 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 21 6 6.1 Lakshmankuti Temple R/S 22 7 6.4 Lakshmankuti School L/S 40 8 7.6 Lakshmankuti Temple L/S 23 9 8.8 Palar village School R/S 30

10 9.15 Palar village Temple R/S 20 Ware 11 9.3 Palar village L/S 50 House 12 9.3 Palar village Temple R/S 19 13 13.6 Bangaon village Temple L/S 24 14 19.1 Bangaon village School L/S 26 15 21 Bangaon village Temple L/S 23 16 24.0 Kanjara village Temple L/S 25 17 27.5 Luhari School R/S 30 Petrol 18 33.1 Hata Town R/S 30 Pump Petrol 19 33.35 Hata Town L/S 26 Pump

20 34.6 Hata Town School R/S 20

21 35.0 Hata Town Temple R/S 20 22 35.2 Hata Town Temple R/S 19 Petrol 23 35.8 Hata Town L/S 25 Pump 24 35.8 Hata Town Temple R/S 21 25 36.1 Hata Town Temple L/S 23 26 36.2 Hata Town Temple R/S 21 27 36.2 Hata Town Temple R/S 20 Source: DPR and Strip Mapping 5.5. Cumulative and Induced Impact 259. Cumulative Impact: The area along the present road section SH-47 is developing. The road already exists and proposed project will facilitate the pace of development. Some of the cumulative impacts will be deterioration in the air and noise quality especially at the congested 65

locations like Damoh, Lakshmanpur, Hata, Hinota Kala, Gaisabad due to increased traffic. The ancillary development activity due to the improved road conditions will further put pressure on agricultural lands and vegetated areas such as Palar, Mudiya, Hardua, Khudriya. However, these activities will be slow and impacts are expected to be minimal. 260. The project is expected to improve long time water flooding, soil erosion conditions especially near Sohar River and at other drains due to additional culverts and over-toppings. The higher amount of compensatory afforestation (1:7) will increase the aesthetics along the ROW and help in countering the polluting the air. The improved accessibility will also result in increased industrial and commercial developments especially near Damoh, Hata, Lakshmanpur, Gaisabad etc. The net impacts are expected to be more positive. 261. Induced Impact - The induced impact from the project will be mainly due to the related developmental activities and improved infrastructural development like building construction and commercial establishment. This is likely to result in net positive impact due to overall social development

6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE 6.1. Consultation Method and Information Disclosed 262. Consultations were held during different stages of the preparation of IEE. To address the key environmental issues, consultations at various levels with local people and government departments were conducted to arrive at socially and technically accepted solutions. A comprehensive consultation with all stakeholders was conducted at the project section. 263. Stakeholder’s consultations were held with the intent to understand their concerns, apprehensions, overall opinion and solicit recommendations to improve project design. Informal meetings, interviews were organized covering the entire project stretch. The informal consultation generally started with explaining the sub projects, followed by an explanation to potential impacts. Participant’s views were gathered with regard to loss of agricultural land, effect on air and noise quality of the area due to traffic, water availability, accident and risk. 264. The discussions were designed to receive maximum inputs from the participants regarding their acceptability and environmental concerns arising out of the sub-project. They were given the brief outline of the project to which their opinion was sought. Suggestions were also sought for mitigating any potential adverse impact. 6.2. Compliance with Relevant Regulatory Requirements 265. In India, public consultation is mandatory in case of Category A and B1 category projects6 in select conditions. Being a category B project as per ADB SPS 2009, consultation was carried out during the early stage of IEE report preparation. The requirement of public consultation during the implementation of the project has been proposed as part of the mitigation plan. 266. Public consultation was undertaken consistent with the ADB requirements. All the five principles of information dissemination, information solicitation, integration, co-ordination and engagement into dialogue were incorporated in the consultation process. A framework of different environmental impacts likely from the project was strengthened and modified based on opinions of all those consulted, especially in the micro level by setting up dialogues with the village people from whom information on site facts and prevailing conditions were collected. 6.2.1. Consultation with Executing Agency 267. Officials of executing agency provided technical information’s about the project. All issues related to effective implementation of EMP, grievance redressal mechanism, various clearances/consent and permission required prior to and during implementation were discussed. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal and Mr. P.K. Chaturvedi, Managing Director and Deputy General Manager of Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), expressed their organization’s commitment to implement the

6 As per schedule I of EIA notification number S.O. 1533, dated 14th September 2006. This notification also defines when a public consultation is mandatory. 67

project in environmentally sustainable way and as per the applicable laws/regulations/guidelines and safeguard requirements of ADB and the country. They also shared about lessons learnt from ongoing project. 6.2.2. Consultation with other Government Departments 268. All relevant government departments/agencies including forest and wildlife, fisheries, pollution control board, water resources, and DRDA were consulted for collection of available information their views/ comments and suggestions about the project. 269. Forest officials of the Damoh District informed about the existence of forests in the project area. They were also interacted about the existing rules and norms with regards to forest resources and compensation in case of cutting of roadside trees. The officials assured their cooperation in compensatory afforestation work. 270. The list of government officials contacted, along with purpose/objective has been summarised in Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 : Summary of Consultation with Government Officials S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted PCCF (Working Plan), Status of forest in state, Impacts on 1. Mr. Dubey Forest Department, forest, mitigation options, Satpura Bhavan, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities Sr. Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya Pradesh framework of MoEF and revised EIA 2. Dr. Rita Kauri Pollution Control Board notification 2006, applicable permits & Paryavaran Bhavan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Scientist, Environmental Issues in the state, legal Madhya Pradesh framework of MoEF and revised EIA 3. Dr. Abhay Saxena Pollution Control Board notification 2006, applicable permits & Paryavaran Bhavan, clearances, Impacts of proposed project Bhopal on environment, Environmental quality in the state and Superintending Engineer major urban centres. Capacity of Mr. Rajesh Madhya Pradesh pollution control board in environmental 4. Srivastava Pollution Control Board management and monitoring Paryavaran Bhavan, requirements of SPCB in the proposed Bhopal project.

Dy. Conservator of Status of forest in state, Impacts on 5. Mr. S. P. Sharma Forest, Forest forest, mitigation options, Department, Bhopal Environmental friendly forest activities

Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, Managing Director, 6. Mr. Vivek Aggarwal environmental issues related with road MPRDC, Bhopal improvement, capacity enhancement of MPRDC, future plans

S. Name of Official Department Issue discussed No. Consulted Conditions of road network in state, DGM (Enviornment), scope of road improvement, 7. Mr. Alok Chaturvedi MPRDC, Bhopal environmental issues related with road improvement Conditions of road network in state, scope of road improvement, Mr. Piyush.K. environmental issues related with road 8 DGM, MPRDC, Bhopal Chaturvedi improvement, implementation schedule of various activities, organizational setting of MPRDC, Jagat Kumar, Status of forests along the project road, Forest Guards, Range Somesh Gupta – presence of flora and fauna species in 9. officers, local community Panchayat the forests, forest boundaries and road leaders members encroachments

6.2.3. Consultation with NGOs 271. All the NGOs welcome the project. They express concern over afforestation programme. NGOs also demand to pay attention for survival rate of the trees. Awareness camp among the people regarding road safety is also suggested. The outcome of consultation with NGOs is summarised below in Table 6.2.

Table 6.2 : Summary of Consultation with NGOs Name of NGOs Contact Remarks Person BYPASS - Bhopal Yuwa Mr. Akhilesh • Welcomed the project Paryavaran Shikshan Singh Yadav • Raised concerns about the impact on and Samajik Sansthan reserve forests through the project stretch Chunabhatti, • Expressed his concern about use of fodder Bhopal,M.P.-16 from the forest being used during construction phase • Suggested minimal tree cutting and proportional afforestation Ecosake Society for Mr. Kinshuk • Welcomed the project Environment Tiwary • Expressed his desire that adequate Conservation and Social compensation should be provided, as per Awareness the latest R&R policy, to the people Bhopal-16 affected from this project • Desired minimal impacts on forest and other mineral resources in the region from the project • Desired involvement of Local skilled and unskilled labour during construction activities Green Hurt Nature Club Jai Sharma • Welcomed the project M.P. Nagar, Bhopal-11 • Emphasized the need of plantation of local tree species for the roadside plantations. • Raised his concerns on the land filing/borrow activity suggested about 69

Name of NGOs Contact Remarks Person prevention of top soil • Desired the need of awareness/ training program for the contractors and labourers to educate them for environmental issues. Forum for Environmental Dr. R. Mathur • Welcomed the project Protection • Expressed his concern regarding water Gwalior - 474011 logging problem during construction phase at many places. • Raised his concerns about health and safety schemes to be provided to construction labours especially during monsoon period. • Emphasized on the need of identification of sites for disposal of construction debris before the start of civil works. • Wanted banning of old vehicles on these roads by Government to reduce the pollution. Energy Environment and Ajit Kumar • Welcomed the project Development Group Saxena • Raised his concerns about the problem of R-12, II Floor electricity and its role in number of Above Central Color Lab accidents that occurred on this road due to Bhopal - 462003 it. • Enquired about the compensation to be provided to the displaced/affected people. Centre for Envirocare Mahendra • Welcomed the project and Energy Technology Kumar Shukla • Expressed his concerns about the cutting E-7/466 Arera Colony of trees and stressed the need for their Bhopal - 462016 rehabilitation and afforestation. Madhya Pradesh • Suggested the need of increasing the awareness among contractors, labourers and villagers.

6.3. Beneficiaries’ Comments 272. People of villages located adjacent to the proposed road like Laxman dham, Bongaon, Hata, Hinaut Kala and Gaisabad demanded for crossing-over facility/service roads, drainage, wayside amenities, and safety provisions. 273. Villagers of Laxman Dham request for special safety provision in the road, 100m from both side of the Laxman Dham temple. 274. Other common demands included modifications of alignment near Community structures. If technically not feasible, accessibility and safety to community structures especially schools should not be affected. Local people should be consulted before relocation of such structures. The list of participants, their views, and outcome of the consultations have been summarised in Table 6.3.

Table 6.3 : Consultation with local community S. Place Participants View/Suggestion/ demand of Local People No. 1 Laxman Dheeraj Kumar Rana, People from various parts of the Damoh district Dham Girdhari Sen, Mohan Lal come to offer pray to the Laxman Dham Patel, Phani Ram Patel Temple. Local people request for special safety (Businessman) provision especially in the area 100m from Kaluram Patel, Kherori temple on both the side. Agriculture activity is Patel, Seetaram, dominated by Soya bean, wheat and pulses. Pushpendu Khare, Scanty rainfall and lack of irrigation facilities Jagdish Patel create problem to them but with improved roads (Farmer),Iswar Das farmer will be able to get more financial benefit (Shopkeeper) of agro- products. No sensitive environmental issues in the area. 2 Bangaon K.L. Prajapati (High School River Koira is 1km away from the road but with teacher),Neeraj Singh lessen amount of rain it converted to seasonal Thakur, Uma Shankar River. No fishing activities practiced in the River Tripathi, and other seasonal streams. People are happy (Businessman),,Baleram to know about the project. No sensitive issues Yadav, Kamlesh Yadav, in this area. But asking for implementation of Murlidhar Patel (Farmer), safety sign near academic institutes and Yagdish Prasad Mishra hospitals. (Shopkeeper) 3 Hata P.M. Patel, Sankosh Singh People are welcoming the project as it will (teacher),Ram Singh Yadav improve the communication and transportation (Shopkeeper), Ram Lal link with the Damoh district head quarter. Yadav, Umesh Patel, Alok Demand for CC road along the town and Patel, Yogesh Patel residential area with cover drainage system. No (Farmer) sensitive environmental issue in this road as per the local people but construction materials (sand and gravels is available far away from Hata. Borrow area will be readily available in this stretch. 4 Hinaut Kala Jagdish Patel People are welcoming the project as it will (Shopkeeper), Bhukal Sen improve the communication and transportation (Teacher), Satpal Patel, link with the Damoh district head quarter as well Manoj Parihar (Farmer), as with the Hata town. Borrow area will be Alok Kumar (Businessman), available in the near by area but sand and Aditya Patel- (Student) metals need to be bring from Damoh and in huge amount from Mahanadi River in Katni. No sensitive environmental issues in this area except depth of ground water. Ground water is available in the depth of 250-300 feet. Demand for involving local people in construction work. 5 Gaisabad Mastram Namdev The road is passing through thick habitation on (Shopkeeper), Ehsan Khan, both sides. In market area ROW is occupied by Pramod Nagaria, Md. shelter or extension of shops. But the local Shakil Ali, Imaan Ali people assured that these will be evacuated for (Farmer),Durga Prasad the better purpose of renovating the existing Pathak (Teacher), Manoj road into State Highway Sand available in Saurasia (Shopkeeper) nearby river Bearma is of not good quality. No sensitive environmental issue in this section of the road.

Consultation at Bongaon Consultation at Daha

Consultation at Laxman Dham

Consultation at Hinaut Kala Consultation at Gaisabad

7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN AND GRIEVANCE REDDRESS MECHANISM

7.1. Environmental Management Plan 275. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is prepared to facilitate effective implementation of recommended mitigations measures with defined roles and responsibility, regulatory compliance requirements, stages of implementation with location, time frame and costs. The mitigation measures are proposed to eliminate or minimise the identified impact associated with design, construction and operation stages of the project, to acceptable level by adopting the most feasible options. 276. The EMP consists of action plans for (i) implementation of recommended mitigation measures, (ii) environment quality monitoring during construction and operation stage to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed, and (iii) institutional capacity building and training. The EMP is detailed at Appendix 7.1.

7.1.1. Social Development and Indigenous People Development Program (IPDP) 277. A separate Social Impact Assessment study is undertaken and social development programme is addressed as per this study. The involuntary resettlement issue is also addressed under separate study. However, the correlated issues like safety of habitats and workers, protection of common physical cultural resources, safe passage of habitats are addressed under environmental assessment and mitigation plan. 278. Since there is no indigenous population likely to be affected in the project area, IPDP is not envisaged. This has to be confirmed based on the social assessment.

7.1.2. Emergency Response Plan 279. Assessment of nature, type and extent of project activities establishes that accidents on paved roads and consequent spillage can be the more frequent emergency. Other situation includes road overtopping due to heavy flood. It is suggested to develop a communication and response system to minimize the response time. The project authorities shall be prepared to counteract against such emergency either by developing in-house capabilities or by associating with any competent agency. 7.2. Environmental Monitoring Program (EMoP) 280. The environmental monitoring programme is prepared with the aim to monitor the environmental performance of environmental management plan. The EMOP is planned with the focus on following objectives: • To the assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures proposed • To assess the change in environmental quality during construction and operation stage with respect to before the project scenario. 73

• To assess compliance to regulatory requirements • To monitor the status of corrective action taken in case of deviation from the planned measures or regulatory requirements. This will be used as performance indicators for the project. A monitoring plan defining the parameters to be monitored, with sampling locations, frequency of measurements, cost and responsibility for various component of environment is prepared for all stages of project and provided as Appendix 7.2.

7.2.1. Monitoring schedule and performance indicator 281. The monitoring schedule has been developed based on the possible occurrence of adverse impacts and required mitigation actions. However, this schedule is subject to change depending on the analysis results obtained. The performance indicators and protocol for changing the monitoring schedule is given below. 7.2.1.1.1 Tree Plantation 282. The 75% survival rate of re-plantation shall be monitored on the first year of the operation phase. If the survival rate is found below 75%, necessary measures will be taken to increase the survival rate and monitoring shall be again taken on the third year of operation. This cycle should continue until the 75% survival rate is achieved. 7.2.1.1.2 Soil Erosion and Drainage Congestion 283. No significant soil erosion problem is anticipated due to the project either in the construction phase or in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, some localised soil erosion may be noticed owing to construction activities. However, if soil erosion is noticed during construction and operation phase, the corrective action shall be initiated and frequency of check be increased to assess the tendency of occurrence. 284. The cross drainage structure shall be free from siltation. Visual check shall be made periodically to identify any drainage congestion or water logging along the road. Appropriate corrective action shall be taken to clear the congestion and prevent reoccurrence. 7.2.1.1.3 Air and Noise Quality 285. Due to the variability of the construction activities, namely changes in batch composition, type of construction activity and other anthropogenic influences, the ambient air quality of the project area may change. If the air quality with respect to any parameter exceeds by more than 25% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be doubled and cause of the increase investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 286. Similarly, due to the variability in traffic movement, namely changes in traffic volume, traffic compositions and other anthropogenic influences, the noise quality in the project area is likely to change. If the noise quality exceeds by 20% of the applicable ambient noise quality standard or 5% of its last monitored value, the monitoring frequency shall be increased and the cause of the increase

investigated. If the construction activities are found to be the reason for this increase, suitable measures should be adopted. 7.2.1.1.4 Water Quality 287. No significant change in water quality is perceived due to the project in the operation phase. However, in the construction phase, the monitored values for pH, BOD, COD, TDS, DO and Oil & Grease might change owing to construction activities. Hence, it is suggested that if the monitored value for any water quality parameter exceeds by more than 20% of its last monitored status the monitoring frequency shall be increased.

7.2.2. Authorities and their Responsibilities for Implementation of EMoP 288. The most essential component of the Environment Monitoring Plan is the execution of the Plan in accordance with the monitoring schedule provided therein. The field officer concerned at PIU will be responsible for timely monitoring of various parameters and compliance with the mitigative measure proposed. He can execute this task through supervision consultant. A resultant database is proposed to be maintained. A Management Information System (MIS) is also put in place for effective flow of information between various levels and functions within the MPRDC. 289. The monitoring reports shall be sent to Sr. Manager (Environment & Social) at head office with copy to Divisional Officer. 7.3. Institutional Setting and Proposed Implementation Arrangement 290. M. P. State Road Development Corporation (MPRDC), is responsible for the development of state roads. MPRDC has set up divisional offices which act as Project Implementation Unit (PIU). Each PIU is headed by Divisional officer who is supported various engineers (field officers). These field officers also have the responsibility to comply with various regulatory permitting and compliance monitoring requirement. A Sr Manager (Environment & Social) is posted at Head Quarter who is responsible for overall environment and social management of sub projects. He reports to Dy General Manager who is responsible for the implementation of MPSRP_II and co-ordinate with ADB to monitor all environmental requirements of this subproject. 291. For subproject planning and implementation, Project Implementation Unit/s (PIUs) are established. This is headed by Divisional Officer and supported by Field officers. It is proposed to designate one of the field officers with additional responsibility of environment and social management. This officer shall be given adequate training for effective environmental management and monitoring. The designated field officer will be responsible for implementation and monitoring of EMP. Field Officer will monitor the compliance directly or with the help of supervision consultant. SQC will also supervise the contractor for complying the EMP requirements, monitoring requirements and obtaining the required permits. Divisional officer will overall responsible for ensuring effective implementation of EMP at PIU level who will ensure it through field officer and SQC. Field officer will be fully responsible for operation stage monitoring. 292. The EMP will be included in the construction contract and the contractor will be responsible for its implementation. MPRDC will monitor the implementation of these mitigation measures by the contractors through Sr Manager Environment, 75

Field Officers at PIU and SQC. The field officers at PIU level will be responsible for compliance monitoring and periodic reporting to divisional officer and Sr. Manager Environment at Head office. 293. The roles and duties of various agencies responsible for monitoring have been outlined in Table 7.1. The flow diagram depicting the institutional arrangement for implementation EMP and EMoP has been given as Figure 7.1. Table 7.1 : Roles and Duties of Implementing Agency/Organisations HQ MPRDC Contractor PIU Supervision Consultant • Obtain statutory • Obtain permits as • Joint verification to • Assist and advise the clearances required required during be carried out by PIU in matters relating during pre-construction construction stage HQ, PIU, SC to environment and stage Contractor Env. social matters. • Joint Verification Manager. • overall project Exercise including, • Compliance reporting coordination and PMU CMU, SC for • Overall Supervision to EMP and clearance management through review of EMP of implementation of conditions PIU supported by SC EMP • Interaction with Sr • Provide corrective • Interaction and Manager (Env. & • Environmental action if any deviation Reporting to ADB. Social) , PIU and SC monitoring through to EMP is identified Submission of approved laboratory progress reports to • Contractor’s Env. or through SC • Part of Joint ADB atleast once in a Officer will be primarily Verification Exercise • Verification of year. responsible for to be carried out by implementation EMP consent taken by HQ, PIU and • Effective contractor for Contractor for review • implementation of Filling of Reporting opening of borrow of EMP for EMP and Monitoring of Format and submitting areas, and setting up modification in EMP to SC labour camps. enhancement Ensuring restoration • Compilation of data • Monitoring through measures (if required) as per initial relating to approved agency. agreement with land • Ensure that the implementation of • Preparation of various owner contractor define the EMP. plans for effective cost of environmental • Keeping records of • Advising and implementation of measures like borrow all consents obtained suggesting corrective EMP as detailed out in area rehabilitation etc by contractor. measures to adhere to EMP and submitting it which are shown as time schedule for for approval to SC • Compilation of data part of construction implementation of relating to cost under EMP • EMP. Identification of sites implementation of matrix (Appendix 7.1) for labour camps, hot before the start of • EMP. Carry out mix plant, batch mix construction. This • verification/supervision plant, debris disposal Filling of Summary amount shall be exercises for etc Sheets and reporting released against implementation of to HQ. completion of EMP with respect to • Approval of plans respective EMP modification (if prepared by measures. required) for contractor enhancement • Supervise measures. • Addressing implementation of grievances of local EMP/EMoP by community and contractor information • Develop good dissemination practices construction through guidelines to assist

NGOs/CBOs. contractor in implementation of EMP • Conduct Consultations programs with the stakeholders on regular basis to get first hand information on the inconvenience caused to contractor’s activities such as noise, debris disposal etc. • Maintain environmental reporting system • Ensure submission of compliance report to EMP/EMoP once in six month to PIU

HQ MPRDC Asian DY General Manager Developmen (MPSRSP II) t Bank

Social and Env. Group (Proposed) Sr. Manager (Env and Social) Supported by Manager Env. and Social (proposed)

PIU Supervision Consultant Contractor Divisional Officer supported by field Officers

Field Officer – (Proposed to be designated with additional responsibility of Env. And Social)

Need Based Support from Approved Monitoring Agency and Independent Subject Experts and Institutions

Figure 7.1 Proposed Structure for EMP/EMOP Implementation

7.3.2. Institutional / Capacity Building 294. Capacity Building: As per the existing structure, one officer at Sr Manager level is responsible for Environmental and social aspect at MPRDC. Considering the increasing magnitude of activities, it is proposed that another manager level officer be appointed to support Sr manager’s activities. The group shall be named as Environmental and Social Group. To facilitate and streamline this group’s activities it is proposed to develop the Environmental and social impact guidelines. This will standardise the impact assessment, regulatory compliance and environmental quality monitoring mechanism. A software (MIS) system with on line linkage with different PIUs is also proposed to track the environmental performance. A budget of Rs. 30.0 lacs is made for the same. 295. Training and Awareness: To enhance the capacity of officials for effective implementation of proposed mitigation measures and monitoring the resultant effects, as well as create awareness amongst workers and public, the training and awareness programme is planned and is given as Table 7.2. The institutions/agencies like regional office of MoEF, SPCB/CPCB, and Indian Institute of Technologies can be consulted for such trainings. Independent subject’s experts/consultants (e.g., for the environmental awareness program, impact assessment specialist will be the resource person) can also be the resource persons to impart trainings. These experts /agencies shall be appointed based on specific need for the training.

Table 7.2 : Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II

Combined Training Budget for MPSRP II S. Target Subject(s) Method Time Basis for Costs Estimation No. group Frame and Training Training Delivery Estimate Material d Cost Preparation 1 All staffs Environmental Lectures Before @ Rs 2.0 Reproduction of Training of MPRDC Overview: cum beginning Lacs Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. including Environmental interactio of the 200 per set for 120 sets ) PIU Regulations, sub- n implemen project project related tation of Training Delivery: staff provisions of the sub- Honorarium and travel cost involved in various Acts/ project. of the faculty Rs 2.0 lac (@ implement Guidelines, EIA 50,000 per programme for 4 ation of notification, process INR 6.24 programmes) the project and methodology Lakhs and Select for IEE, EMPs Venue and other facility NGOs. costs Rs 2.0 lacs ( @ Rs 50000 per programme with 25 participants in each) 2 Field Implementation of Worksho Before @ Rs 2.0 -do- Officer EMPs: ps and the Lacs (Env) at Basic features of an Seminars constructi PIU, EMP, Planning, on begins Supervisio designing and n execution of INR 6.24 Consultant environmental Lakhs ’s mitigation and Environme enhancement ntal measures, Specialists monitoring and and Select evaluation of NGOs environmental conditions – during construction and operation 3 Sr Environmentally Worksho Before @ Rs 3.0 -do- Manager, Sound ps and the Lacs Manager Construction Site visits constructi at Head Practices: on Quarter Clean construction and Field technology, INR 6.24 officer at alternatives Lakhs PIU, , materials and design techniques for team, construction, Waste Supervisio Management and n minimization in Consultant construction, Constructi pollution control on devices and Contractor methods for s’ staff construction sites 79

and equipment, Environmental clauses in contract documents and their implications, protection of flora and fauna Environmental monitoring during construction 4 PIU and Monitoring Lectures, During @ Rs 1.5 Reproduction of Training Supervisio Environmental Worksho initial Lacs Material Rs 24,000 (@ Rs. n Performance p and site phases of 200 per set for 120 persons Consultant during visits constructi ) , NGOs Construction: on and Air, Water, Soil and Training Delivery: communit Noise, tree survival INR 5.0 Honorarium and travel cost y Monitoring Lakhs of the faculty Rs 1.6 lac (@ representa requirement and 40,000 per programme for 4 tives techniques, programmes) Evaluation and Review of results, Venue and other facility Performance costs Rs 1.6 lacs ( @ Rs indicators and their 40,000 per programme with applicability, 25 participants in each) possible corrective actions, reporting requirements and mechanisms Total Rs 23.72 Training lacs or Costs Say Rs. 24 lacs

296. Management System: It is proposed to develop standard environmental guidelines for impact assessment, management plan, and monitoring. It is recommended to develop an Environmental Management and Reporting Systems following international standards like ISO 14001. 7.4. Grievance Redress Mechanism 297. Any environmental grievance received from public or stakeholders concerning the project will be directed to the concerned PIU. Firstly, field officer will assess if the grievances are genuine or suggestion is acceptable. Accordingly, response will be given within 15-30 days through suitable mode by the field officer with the approval of Divisional Officer. In case PIU is unable to resolve the issue, the matter will be forwarded to Sr. Manager ( Environment & Social) at head quarter who will take it up further and resolve. The corrective and preventing action will be taken in a time bound manner as per response given to the stakeholders. The outcome shall also form part of quarterly report to ADB. 298. The local community will be informed by the respective supervision consultants about the option to express their grievances if any through the mechanism described above before the start of construction activities. The grievance redress

mechanism with the name of concerned official shall also be displayed at MPRDC website, and on notice boards of the PIU office and construction sites.

8. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 8.1. Conclusions 299. The findings of Environment Assessment indicate that project is unlikely to cause any significant environmental impacts. While some of the impacts are negative, there are many bearing benefits to the area. Most of the impacts are likely to occur during construction stage and are temporary in nature and can be mitigated with minor to negligible residual impacts. Some impacts require design consideration and are suitably addressed. The project received immense support from local people as they perceive that this project will improve the overall connectivity and bring various economic opportunities to the people of the area. 300. The alignment does not pass through or located nearby any ecologically sensitive or protected areas. No archaeological/protected monument is located in the project vicinity. The land use pattern around the alignment is predominantly agricultural. The significant impact during construction is mainly associated with minor increase in dust borne air pollution, increased noise level, nuisance due to movement and operation of vehicles, establishment of temporary facilities, hindrance in accessibility to common property resources etc. During operation stage, the main impact may be related to air quality and noise. Other issues relates to road safety including pedestrian and cattles. 301. Environmental screening and assessment of likely impacts, the project has been categorised as Category ‘B’. The effective implementation of environmental management plan will facilitate in minimising the environmental impact to acceptable level. No additional studies or need of undertaking detailed EIA is envisaged at this stage. 302. Key findings of the IEE are summarised in following paragraphs: • The groundwater condition in the project section is poor. Hence, provisions of water harvesting should be adopted. • Drainage along the roadside is poor. Hence, adequate measures are required as per the mitigation measures suggested in the IEE. • Since no land acquisition is involved, the project will not affect any family. Also, there will be no Impact on community infrastructure as the upgradation is limited to the available ROW. • Ambient noise level is within prescribed limit except near busy intersections. Some of the key suggested measures during construction are provision of temporary noise barriers and regulating construction timings near sensitive locations. Operation stage mitigation includes multilayered plantation and restricting honking near sensitive areas, maintaining good road conditions and congestion free traffic movement. • Large quantity of earth is required for the project. The availability of government waste land/barren land/uplands etc. is limited in the area. Morrum and borrow area is available in the nearby area but sand and metals need to be sourced from distant locations such as Damoh.

• The compensatory afforestation should be undertaken at 1:7 basis in close consultation with forest department. Roadside plantation should be done as per IRC specifications. Additional plantation should be done in consultation at river banks especially at major bridge locations. • Soil erosion along embankment slope, river banks, bridge sites and river training structures shall be checked through measures suggested in IEE. These measures coupled with silt fencing/brush barrier etc will also help to minimise siltation of water bodies though required at only few locations since most of the water bodies are seasonal in nature. • Predominant land use along the project alignment is agricultural/open area which helps in adequate dispersion of air emission. The increased pollution level during construction stage will be largely localised and temporary in nature. Corridor specific measures to curb emission include maintaining good road conditions, improved traffic regulations and roadside plantation with pollutant absorbent species. • Siting and management of temporary construction facilities i.e. construction camp, workers camp, hot mix plant, batching plant, dumping sites, stone crusher etc. shall be done in environmentally accepted manner as mentioned in IEE. • Dismantled material shall be reused to the extent possible. Leftover debris shall be disposed off in environmentally acceptable method and at designated sites. • Risk involved with accidents, community and occupational health safety should be mitigated as per measures provided in IEE. A proper traffic management plan shall be in place well before start of the construction. 303. Post Environmental Assessment Surveillance and Monitoring is essential to sustain the effectiveness of the mitigative measures suggested. A detailed monitoring plan has been prepared as part of the Environmental Management Plan. The focus areas of monitoring covers air, surface water quality, noise, soil erosion, drainage congestion and tree survival rate. The reporting requirements along with the follow up actions in case of deviation from the norms have been detailed out as a part of EMP. The frequency has been set in consideration of the likely impacts. 8.2. Key Recommendations: 304. Any major changes or any major additional work other than the proposed project activities will require preparation of another environmental assessment. This additional assessment will have to be submitted to concerned Government authorities and ADB for concurrence before civil works commence. 305. The implementation of prescribed mitigation measures will minimize/avoid the adverse impacts. Moreover, the impacts shall be monitored continually by implementing and updating the Environmental Management plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan. Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan may be updated if deemed necessary as per site conditions. MPRDC shall submit six monthly compliance/update reports to ADB. 83

306. All necessary clearances/permissions/No-objections/Consents should be obtained as required at different stages and as outlined in legal framework chapter of IEE. MPRDC shall ensure that environmental clearance as may be required is obtained before start of construction. 307. Executing agency shall ensure that EMP and EMoP is included in Bill of Quantity (BOQ) and forms part of bid document and civil works contract. The same shall be revised if necessary during project implementation or if there is any change in the project design and with approval of ADB.

APPENDIX 3.1 : INVENTORY AND SURVEY CONDITION OF BRIDGES

CHAINAGE CHAINAGE PAVEMENT SHOULDER Avg. TERRAIN EMBANKMENT SOIL LAND USE REMARKS From To TYPE CONDITION WIDTH TYPE CONDITION WIDTH ROW

EARTHEN VERY BUILTUP / 0 0.4 BT 3.5 / GRAVEL POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC 15 RC POOR AGRICULTURAL (GR)

EARTHEN VERY BUILTUP / 0.4 0.9 BT 3.5 / GRAVEL POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC 15 RC POOR AGRICULTURAL (GR)

EARTHEN VERY 0.9 1.3 BT 3.5 / GRAVEL POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR (GR)

EARTHEN VERY 1.3 2.3 BT 3.5 / GRAVEL POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR (GR)

EARTHEN VERY 2.3 2.6 BT 3.5 / GRAVEL POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR (GR) VERY 2.6 3.5 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR VERY 3.5 4 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR VERY 4 5.8 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR VERY 5.8 6.7 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR VERY 6.7 6.95 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR VERY 6.95 7 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR VERY 7 8.8 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR 85

CHAINAGE CHAINAGE PAVEMENT SHOULDER Avg. TERRAIN EMBANKMENT SOIL LAND USE REMARKS From To TYPE CONDITION WIDTH TYPE CONDITION WIDTH ROW

VERY 8.8 9.3 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR VERY 9.3 9.7 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR VERY 9.7 9.9 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR VERY 9.9 12.1 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR VERY 12.1 12.4 BT 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR VERY 12.4 15.3 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR VERY 15.3 15.6 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR VERY 15.6 19 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR VERY 19 19.2 BT 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR VERY 19.2 21 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR VERY 21 21.1 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR VERY 21.1 27.3 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC POOR VERY 27.3 27.6 BT 3.5 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC POOR 27.6 28 BT FAIR 3.5 / 5.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

28 33.2 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

12- 33.2 33.8 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC BUILTUP RC Oct 12- 33.8 34.1 BT FAIR 3 EARTHEN POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC BUILTUP RC Oct

CHAINAGE CHAINAGE PAVEMENT SHOULDER Avg. TERRAIN EMBANKMENT SOIL LAND USE REMARKS From To TYPE CONDITION WIDTH TYPE CONDITION WIDTH ROW

12- 34.1 34.9 BT POOR 3 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP RC Oct 12- 34.9 36.2 BT FAIR 5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP RC Oct 12- 36.2 37.2 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP RC Oct

37.2 38.2 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

38.2 39.8 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

39.8 40.1 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

40.1 40.8 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

40.8 41.9 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

41.9 42.1 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

42.1 43.8 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

43.8 44 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

44 44.9 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

44.9 46 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 1 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

46 47 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

47 48.1 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

48.1 48.3 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

48.3 51.2 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

51.2 52.5 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

52.5 56.9 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

56.9 57.4 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC BUILTUP 15 RC 87

CHAINAGE CHAINAGE PAVEMENT SHOULDER Avg. TERRAIN EMBANKMENT SOIL LAND USE REMARKS From To TYPE CONDITION WIDTH TYPE CONDITION WIDTH ROW

57.4 58.9 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.5 BC AGRICULTURAL 15 RC

58.9 59.2 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0 BC BUILTUP 15 RC

AGRICULTURAL 59.2 60.9 BT POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 BC 15 RC / BARREN

AGRICULTURAL 12- 60.9 61.1 CC POOR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 / 0.0 BC Widening / BARREN Oct

12- 61.1 62.7 BT FAIR 3.5 GR POOR 1.5 PLAIN 0.3 / 0.0 BC BUILTUP RC Oct

APPENDIX 3.2 : RAPID ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT CHECKLIST

Roads and Highways

DAMOH-HATA-GAISABAD (SH-47) SECTION

Instructions:

(i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES), for endorsement by Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer.

(ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists.

(iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.

IND/Sub-regional Transport Enhancement Project – Road improvement w/ Country/Project Title: bituminous overlay: Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad (62.70 km)

Sector Division: IND: TA 4998

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A. PROJECT SITING

IS THE PROJECT AREA ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY OF THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS? . CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE None

None A. Protected Area

None . WETLAND

. MANGROVE None

. ESTUARINE None

. BUFFER ZONE OF PROTECTED AREA None

. SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING None BIODIVERSITY

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS B. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

WILL THE PROJECT CAUSE… No encroachment on historical or Encroachment on historical/cultural areas; cultural areas is envisaged. disfiguration of landscape by road embankments, cuts, fills, and quarries? The topography of project road is mainly flat. But, minor impacts on landscape by road embankments to improve profile, cuts and fills cannot be ruled out.

None. The project road does not Encroachment on precious ecology (e.g. sensitive pass through any ecologically or protected areas)? sensitive areas. None, since no new construction of Alteration of surface water hydrology of waterways bridges are proposed. Also, since, crossed by roads, resulting in increased sediment the project section crosses Sohar in streams affected by increased soil erosion at River and other steams etc. which construction site? remain dry during non-monsoon seasons. Hence, no impact is envisaged on the surface water hydrology. All measures shall be taken during construction stage so that watercourses are not affected and temporary soil and rock stockpiles will be designed so that runoff will not induce sedimentation of waterways. Suitable prevention measures such Deterioration of surface water quality due to silt as silt fencing will reduce silt run runoff and sanitary wastes from worker-based off. camps and chemicals used in construction? Adequate measures for sanitary waste and silt runoff shall be taken to prevent any such condition. Local air pollution level is likely to Increased local air pollution due to rock crushing, be increased for short duration cutting and filling works, and chemicals from during construction period asphalt processing? particularly due to earth work. Appropriate distance from settlement area and wind direction may be taken into account to locate air polluting facility like stone crushing unit etc., if required.

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Risk is temporary and associated Risks and vulnerabilities related to occupational with construction phase. health and safety due to physical, chemical, biological, and radiological hazards during project Construction workers will be construction and operation during project provided with proper occupational, construction and operation? health and safety gear. Safety officer will be appointed by contractor to lead implementation of occupational and community health and safety plan during construction phase During operation period higher Noise and vibration due to blasting and other civil noise and vibration will be mainly works? impulsive in nature and temporary. However, suitable mitigation measures will be taken to minimize the adverse effects. None. Dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people

No displacement. Dislocation and compulsory resettlement of people Project improvement work is to be living in right-of-way? carried out within existing available ROW, no resettlement is envisaged. None. Disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable groups?

All possible mitigation measures Other social concerns relating to inconveniences in will be taken to avoid any living conditions in the project areas that may inconvenience due to the project. trigger cases of upper respiratory problems and Efforts will also be made to keep stress? air pollution within permissible levels to prevent respiratory problems and stress among the nearby inhabitants. Transport routes for construction Hazardous driving conditions where construction vehicle shall be decided interferes with pre-existing roads? considering this aspect to avoid any hazardous driving condition. Appropriate waste management Poor sanitation and solid waste disposal in shall be adopted to prevent any construction camps and work sites, and possible such conditions. Awareness plan transmission of communicable diseases from for workers will be prepared to workers to local populations? educate them about communicable diseases. No such condition is anticipated Creation of temporary breeding habitats for mosquito vectors of disease?

SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS Temporarily during construction Accident risks associated with increased vehicular stage. Adequate measures will be traffic, leading to accidental spills of toxic materials provided to prevent them such as and loss of life? speed reduction, provision of crash barrier & proper traffic signage system at sensitive places will ensure smooth traffic flow which will reduce accidental risk Increased noise and air pollution resulting from Temporarily during construction traffic volume? phase.

Increased risk of water pollution from oil, grease Temporarily during construction and fuel spills, and other materials from vehicles phase. using the road? Adequate preventive measures will take to prevent such risks. Most of the workers will be hired Social conflicts if workers from other regions or locally. countries are hired?

Most of the workers will be hired Large population influx during project construction locally. All groundwater extraction and operation that causes increased burden on will be covered by necessary social infrastructure and services (such as water permits and all construction sites supply and sanitation systems)? will have sanitary toilets with septic tank. No blasting will be made, bitumen Risks to community health and safety due to the handling will be consistent with the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of Material Safety Data Sheet, materials such as explosives, fuel and other occupational and community chemicals during construction and operation? health and safety provisions included in the EMP Community and occupational Community safety risks due to both accidental and health and safety plan will form natural causes, especially where the structural part of EMP. elements or components of the project are accessible to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning.

The Project is categorized as B.

As per MOEF latest EIA notification, Environmental Clearance for the project is not required. However, other consent conditions will be required.

APPENDIX 4.1 : NATIONAL AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS

The finding as Notified on 16th November 2009 by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 6 and Section 25 of the Environment Protect Act, 1986.

Time-Weighted Concentration in Ambient Air

Ecologically Industrial, Pollutant Sensitive Area Residential Average (Notified by and other Central rural area Government) Annual* 50 20 3 SO2 ug/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 40 30 3 NOx ug/m 24 hours** 80 80 Annual* 60 60 3 PM10 ug/m 24 hours** 100 100 Annual* 40 40 3 PM2.5 ug/m 24 hours** 60 60

Annual* 0.50 0.50 3 Lead ug/m

24 hours** 1.0 1.0

8 Hours** 2000 2000 3 CO ug/m 1 Hour** 4000 4000 8 Hours** 100 100 3 O3 ug/m 1 Hour** 180 180 Annual* 100 100 3 NH3 ug/m 24 hours** 400 400 Source: Gazette of India, Part II-Section-3-Subsection (i)

* Annual Arithmetic Mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24-hourly at uniform interval. ** 24-horly / 8-hourly values or 0.1 hourly monitored values shall be complied with 98% of the time in the year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed but not on two consecutive days.

APPENDIX 4.2 : AMBIENT NOISE LEVEL LIMITS (IN LEQ DB(A)), INDIA

Day Time Night Time Area/Class (6:00 AM to 9:00 PM) (9:00 PM to 6:00 am)

Standard Standard

Industrial 75 70

Commercial 65 55

Residential 55 45

Silence 50 40 Source: Environment Protection Rules, 1986, Schedule III

APPENDIX 4.3 : Drinking Water Standards And Probable Effects on Human Health (BIS: IS: 10500, 1991)

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible 1 COLOUR (HAZEN UNIT) 5 25 Aesthetically undesirable. 2 ODOUR Essentially free Aesthetically undesirable. 3 TASTE Agreeable Aesthetically undesirable. 4 TURBIDITY (NTU) 5 10 Indicates pollution/ contamination. Affects taste, corrodes supply 5 pH 6.5 8.5 system. Causes scaling, excessive soap HARDNESS, as CaCO3, 6 300 600 consumption, calcification of mg/l arteries. Causes staining of laundry and 7 IRON, as Fe , mg/l 0.30 1.00 porcelain. In traces it is essential for nutrition. May be injurious to heart or kidney patients. Taste, indigestion, 8 CHLORIDE, as Cl , mg/l 250 1000 corrosion and palatability are affected. RESIDUAL CHLORINE, only Excessive chlorination causes 9 when 0.20 - asthma, colitis and eczema Water is chlorinated May cause gastro-intestinal TOTAL DISSOLVED 10 500 2000 irritation, corrosion and laxative SOLIDS, mg/l effect to new users. Excessive Cause incrustation, deficiency causes rickets, 11 CALCIUM, as Ca, mg/l 75 200 essential for nervous, muscular, cardiac functions and in coagulation of blood. Its salts are cathartics and diuretic. Excessive may cause laxative effect; deficiency causes 12 MAGNESIUM, as Mg, mg/l 30 100 structural and functional changes. It is activator of many enzyme systems. Beneficial in human metabolism, deficiency results in nutritional anaemia in infants. Large amounts may result in liver damage, 13 COPPER, as Cu, mg/l 0.05 1.50 causes central nervous system irritation and depression. Enhances corrosion of Al in water supply systems. Causes gastro-intestinal irritation. Along with Mg or Na can have a 14 SULPHATE, as SO4, mg/l 200 400 cathartic effect. Concentration more than 750 mg/l may have laxative effect. Causes infant methaemoglobinaemia, at very 15 NITRATE, as N, mg/l 45 100 high concentration causes gastric cancer and effects central nervous 95

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible and cardiovascular system.

Reduces dental carries, very high 16 FLUORIDE, as F, mg/l 1.00 1.50 concentration may cause crippling skeletal fluorosis. Acute toxicity may be associated with renal, arterial hypertension, 17 CADMIUM, as Cd, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation itai-itai (bone disease). Cd salts cause cramps, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. Burning in mouth, severe inflammation of gastro-intestinal tract with vomiting and diarrhoea. 18 LEAD, as Pb, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation Chronic toxicity produces nausea, severe abdominal pain, paralysis, mental confusion, visual disturbances, and anaemia etc. Essential and beneficial in human 19 ZINC, as Zn , mg/l 5 15 metabolism. Imparts astringent taste to water. Cr6+ produces lung tumours, 20 CHROMIUM, as Cr, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation coetaneous and nasal mucous membrane ulcers and dermatitis. Causes skin damage, circulatory 21 ARSENIC, as As, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problems, and increased risk of skin cancer. Raises blood cholesterol, lowers 22 ANTIMONY, as Sb, mg/l 0.006 No relaxation blood sugar. 23 ALUMINIUM, as Al, mg/l 0.030 0.200 Leads to neurological disorders. 24 BARIUM, as Ba, mg/l 2 No relaxation Increases blood pressure. 25 BERYLLIUM, as Be, mg/l nil 0.0002 Is carcinogenic Causes nerve damage, thyroid 26 CYANIDE, as CN, mg/l 0.05 No relaxation problem. Neurological and renal disturbances. Excess causes 27 MERCURY, as Hg, mg/l 0.001 No relaxation gonadotoxic and mutagenic effects and disturbs the cholesterol metabolism. Essential as a cofactor in enzyme systems and metabolism processes. Excessive causes change in appetite and reduction 28 MANGANESE, as Mn, mg/l 0.10 0.30 in metabolism of iron to form haemoglobin. Imparts undesirable taste and stains plumbing fixtures and laundry. Leads to hair, finger loss, and 29 SELENIUM, as Se, mg/l 0.01 No relaxation numbness in fingers or toes, circulatory problems. Affects central nervous system, 30 BORON, as B, mg/l 1.00 5.00 salts may cause nausea, cramps, convulsions, coma, etc. 31 ALKALINITY, as CaCO3, 200 600 Imparts unpleasant taste,

S. Prescribed limits Parameters Probable effects No. Desirable Permissible mg/l deleterious to humans in presence of high pH, hardness and TDS. Imparts toxicity, accumulates in different organs of body, and 32 PESTICIDES, ug/l nil 0.001 affects immune and nervous systems. Carcinogenic. High concentration causes vomiting and diarrhoea stimulates 33 PHOSPHATE, as PO4, mg/l No guideline secondary hyperthyroidism and bone loss. Harmful to persons suffering from 34 SODIUM, as Na, mg/l No guideline cardiac, renal and circulatory diseases. Essential nutrition element but 35 POTASSIUM, as K, mg/l No guideline excessive amounts are cathartic. Non-toxic element but may be carcinogenic in animals, can react 36 NICKEL, as Ni , mg/l No guideline with DNA resulting in DNA damage in animals. PATHOGENS Causes water borne diseases like a)TOTAL COLIFORM coliform jaundice; Typhoid, 37 No/dl 1 10 Cholera etc. produces infections

b)FAECAL COLIFORM involving skin mucous membrane No/dl of eyes, ears and throat. RADIOACTIVITY: -BETA PARTICLES 0-4 milligram/year 38 Increases risk of cancer. -ALPHA PARTICLES 0-15 picocuries/year -RADIUM 0-05 picocuries/year

APPENDIX 4.4 : Water QUALITY Criteria And Standards for Freshwater Classification (CPCB, 1979)

Characteristics A B C D E

Dissolved Oxygen (DO), 6 5 4 4 - mg/L, Min Biological Oxygen Demand, BOD, mg/L, 2 3 3 - - max Total Coliform organism 50 500 5000 - - **, MPN/100ml, Max pH value 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6 – 9 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 Free Ammonia (as N), - - - 1.2 - mg/L, Max Electrical Conductivity, - - - - 2250 µmhos/cm, max Sodium absorption Ratio - - - - 26 Boron, mg/L, Max - - - - 2

A) Drinking water sources without conventional treatment but after disinfecting B) Outdoor Bathing (organized) C) Drinking water source with conventional treatment followed by disinfecting D) Propagation of wildlife, fisheries E) Irrigation, industrial cooling, controlled waste disposal

APPENDIX 5.1: Guidelines for Borrow Areas Management

1. SELECTION OF BORROW AREAS Location of borrow areas shall be finalized as per IRC: 10-1961guidlines. The finalization of locations in case of borrows areas identified in private land shall depend upon the formal agreement between landowners and contractor. If, agreement is not reached between the contractor and landowners for the identified borrow areas sites, arrangement for locating the source of supply of material for embankment and sub-grade as well as compliance to environment requirements in respect of excavation and borrow areas as stipulated from time to time by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, and local bodies, as applicable shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. The contractor in addition to the established practices, rules and regulation will also consider following criteria before finalizing the locations. (1) The borrow area should not be located in agriculture field unless unavoidable i.e. barren land is not available. (2) The borrow pits preferably should not be located along the roads. (3) The loss of productive and agriculture soil should be minimum. (4) The loss of vegetation is almost nil or minimum. (5) The Contractor will ensure that suitable earth is available. 2. CONTRACTOR’S RESPONSIBILTY The Contractor shall obtain representative samples from each of the identified borrow areas and have these tested at the site laboratory following a testing programme approved by the Engineer. It shall be ensured that the sub-grade material when compacted to the density requirements shall yield the design CBR value of the sub-grade. Contractor shall begin operations keeping in mind following; (1) Haulage of material to embankments or other areas of fill shall proceed only when sufficient spreading and compaction plants is operating at the place of deposition. (2) No excavated acceptable material other than surplus to requirements of the Contract shall be removed from the site. Contractor should be permitted to remove acceptable material from the site to suit his operational procedure, then shall make consequent deficit of material arising there from. (3) Where the excavation reveals a combination of acceptable and un- acceptable materials, the Contractor shall, unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer, carry out the excavation in such a manner that the acceptable materials are excavated separately for use in the permanent works without contamination by the un-acceptable materials. The acceptable material shall be stockpiled separately. (4) The Contractor shall ensure that he does not adversely affect the stability of excavation or fills by the methods of stockpiling materials, use of plants are siting of temporary buildings or structures.

3. BORROWING FROM DIFFERENT LAND-FORMS

A. Borrow Areas located in Agricultural Lands

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrowing of earth will be carried out up to a depth of 1.5m from the existing ground level. (iv) Borrowing of earth will not be done continuously through out the stretch. (v) Ridges of not less than 8m widths will be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (vi) Small drains will be cut through the ridges, if necessary, to facilitate drainage. (vii) The slope of the edges will be maintained not steeper than 1:4 (vertical: Horizontal). (viii) The depth of borrow pits will not be more than 30 cm after stripping the 15 cm topsoil aside.

B. Borrow Areas located in Elevated Lands

C. Borrow Areas near River side

D. Borrow Areas near Settlements

(i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile.

100

(ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Borrow pit location will be located at least 0.75 km from villages and settlements. If un-avoidable, the pit will not be dug for more than 30 cm and drains will be cut to facilitate drainage. (iv) Borrow pits located in such location will be re-developed immediately after borrowing is completed. If spoils are dumped, that will be covered with a layers of stockpiled topsoil in accordance with compliance requirements with respect MOEF/PPCB guidelines.

E. Borrow Pits along the Road

Borrow pits along the road shall be discouraged and if deemed necessary and permitted by the Engineer; following precautions are recommended (i) The preservation of topsoil will be carried out in stockpile. (ii) A 15 cm topsoil will be stripped off from the borrow pit and this will be stored in stockpiles in a designated area for height not exceeding 2m and side slopes not steeper than 1:2 (Vertical: Horizontal). (iii) Ridges of not less than 8m widths should be left at intervals not exceeding 300m. (iv) Small drains shall be cut through the ridges of facilitate drainage. (v) The depth of the pits shall be so regulated that there bottom does not cut an imaginary line having a slope of 1 vertical to 4 horizontal projected from the edge of the final section of bank, the maximum depth of any case being limited to 1.5m. (vi) Also, no pit shall be dug within the offset width from the toe of the embankment required as per the consideration of stability with a minimum width of 10m. 4. REHABILITATION OF BORROW AREAS The objective of the rehabilitation programme is to return the borrow pit sites to a safe and secure area, which the general public should be able to safely enter and enjoy. Securing borrow pits in a stable condition is fundamental requirement of the rehabilitation process. This could be achieved by filling the borrow pit floor to approximately the access road level.

Re-development plan shall be prepared by the Contractor before the start of work inline with the owners will require and to the satisfaction of owner. The Borrow Areas shall be rehabilitated as per following; • Borrow pits shall be backfilled with rejected construction wastes and will be given a vegetative cover. If this is not possible, then excavation sloped will be smoothed and depression will be filled in such a way that it looks more or less like the original round surface. • Borrow areas might be used for aquaculture in case landowner wants such development. In that case, such borrow area will be photographed 101

after their post use restoration and Environment Expert of Supervision Consultant will certify the post use redevelopment. The Contractor will keep record of photographs of various stages i.e., before using materials from the location (pre-project), for the period borrowing activities (construction Phase) and after rehabilitation (post development), to ascertain the pre and post borrowing status of the area.

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APPENDIX 7.1: Environmental Management Plan (SH-47: Damoh-Hata-Gaisabad 60.7 km) All activity for supervision is on part of SQC unless involvement of different department Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision A. Design and Construction Stage 1. Alignment  Pavement • Selection of suitable pavement Design requirement • All habitat areas throughout During the Included in Design SQC/MPRD damage and design in habitat areas the alignment design construction Consultant C inadequate considering alignment level and stage cost drainage drainage provisions in • Raise road level above the habitat areas nearby areas with provision of adequate side drains to evacuate the rain water and domestic discharges (drained by habitats occasionally) to prevent damage to road and rain water entry to habitats’ houses. • Provision of adequate no of cross drainage structures based on drainage pattern around the alignment  Safety along the • Make provisions of crash barriers Design requirement • Crash barriers are proposed During the Included in Design SQC/MPRD proposed at accident prone areas at Lakshman Dham (Khujeri), design construction Consultant C alignment • Provision of rumble strips in Palar, Ankhera (Bangaon), stage cost habitat areas to regulate speed. Luhari, Hata town, Hardua, • Provision of retro-reflective Ghataria, Sakour (Hinota warning sign boards nears Kala), Budwar, Gaisabad school, hospital, religious places and forests areas • Provision of footpaths along the road near habitat areas, school, hospital, religious places and forests • Compliance with norms specified in IRC codes for state highway for curvature and grading • Provision of safety kerb with 103

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision footpath at all bridges • The design should attempt to equalize cut and fill. The centerline should be aligned so that on all slopes below 60 degrees, half cut and half fill can be achieved. • Minimize the cutting in hill areas. Incorporate slope stabilization measures to prevent any land slide situation. • 2. Natural Hazards  Protection from • Design considering the IRC:34 Throughout the stretch Design Project Design SQC/MPRD damage from earthquake potential though the Recommendations Stage preparation Consultant C Earthquake area falls under low earthquake for road construction Cost intensity of 2/3 in waterlogged area and IRC: 75 and MOSRTH guidelines  Protection of road • Raise embankment height above for Design of High All the existing culverts/bridges Design Included in Design SQC/MPRD embankment in the HFL levels in the flood prone Embankments are improved to increase their and construction Consultant C Flood prone areas. carrying capacity. Constructi cost Areas • Provision of adequate balancing on Stage culverts. 3. Weather Conditions and Air Quality  Local Weather • Geometric adjustment to reduce Kyoto Protocol, Throughout project corridor, Design Road Side Design SQC conditions tree cutting. Environmental mainly at level crossings, and Plantations Consultant /MPRDC • Compensatory tree Plantation Protection Act, haulage roads, earthwork, Constructi +Additional and Contractor (1:5) 1986; The Air construction sites, loading on stage Plantation • Additional Plantation on river (Prevention and areas, storage areas, transport During the cost7=4.0 banks, borrow areas and Control of Pollution) route Constructi Million sensitive locations to increase Act, 1981 on stage (@1200/tree)

7 The total no. trees likely to be cut are estimated to be 471. Compensatory afforestation norm is 1:5. Additional 1:2 plantations are suggested. Hence, 3297 trees have to be planted in lieu of compensatory plantation. Project has the provision of planting trees on both sides of the road. The lump sum cost of cutting a tree, its afforestation and maintenance is taken as Rs. 1200.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision the green cover and improve the + aesthetics IRC and  Dust Generation • Transport, loading and unloading MORTH Included in Design SQC/MPRD due to of loose and fine materials Specifications for project cost Consultant C construction through covered vehicles. Road and Bridge and Contractor SQC/MPRD activities and • Paved approach roads. works C Air (P and CP) transport, storage • Storage areas to be located Act 1974 and and handling of downwind of the habitation area. • Water spraying on earthworks, Central Motor and construction unpaved haulage roads and Vehicle materials other dust prone areas. Act 1988 • Provision of PPEs to workers.  Emission of air • Regular maintenance of Asphalt mixing plants, crushers, During the Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD pollutants (HC, machinery and equipment. DG sets locations Constructi project cost C SO2, NOX, CO • Batching, asphalt mixing plants on stage etc) from vehicles and crushers at downwind (1km) due to traffic direction from the nearest congestion and settlement. use of equipment • Only crushers licensed by the and machinery PCB shall be used Included in • DG sets with stacks of adequate monitoring cost height and use of low sulphur diesel as fuel. • Ambient air quality monitoring • Follow traffic management plan as given in Section 8. 4. Noise  Noise from • All equipment to be timely Legal requirement Throughout project section During the Cost for Contractor SQC/MPRD construction serviced and properly Noise Pollution especially at construction sites, Constructi Plantation C vehicle, maintained. (Regulation and residential areas such as on stage already equipment and • Bottlenecks to be removed. Control) Rules, Lakshman Dham (Khujeri), indicated machinery. • Construction equipment and 2000 and Palar, Ankhera (Bangaon), above. machinery to be fitted with amendments Luhari, Hata town, Hardua, silencers and maintained thereof Ghataria, Sakour (Hinota Kala), properly. + Budwar, Gaisabad and identified • Only IS approved equipments Clause No 501.8.6. sensitive locations as given in shall be used for construction MoSRTH Table 5.1 105

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision activities. Specifications for • Timing of noisy construction Road and Bridge activities shall be done during works Monitoring night time and weekends near Cost as sensitive receptors such as indicated In schools and temples, concurrent EMoP. noisy operations may be separated to reduce the total noise generated, and if possible re-route traffic during construction to avoid the accumulation of noise beyond standards. Else provision of temporary noise barrier at sensitive locations or near sources. • Time regulation near residential and forest areas construction shall be restricted to daylight hours. • Initiation of multi layered plantation, to serve as mitigation option for operation phase • Honking restrictions near sensitive areas • PPEs to workers • Noise monitoring as per EMoP. 5. Land and Soil  Land use • For construction non-agricultural Project requirement Throughout the project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD Change and Loss areas to be used as borrow and borrow areas design construction C of productive/top areas. and cost soil • If using agricultural land, top soil constructi to be preserved and laid over on Stage either on the embankment slope for growing vegetation to protect soil erosion.  Slope protection • Bio-turfing of embankments to IRC: 56 -1974 Throughout the stretch Design Construction Design SQC/MPRD and Soil erosion protect slopes. recommended especially along hilly areas and cost consultant and C

106

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision due to • Slope protection by providing practice for constructi Contractor, construction frames, dry stone pitching, treatment of on stage activities, masonry retaining walls, planting embankment slopes earthwork, and of grass and trees. for erosion control cut and fill etc. • The side slopes of all cut and fill Clause No. 306 and areas will be graded and covered 305.2.2 with stone pitching, grass and MoSRTH shrub as per design Specifications for specifications. Care should be Road and Bridge taken that the slope gradient works shall not be greater than 2:1. Guidelines IX for  Soil erosion at • The earth stockpiles to be Soil erosion At earth stockpiles Design Construction Contractor SQC/MPRD earth stockpiles provided with gentle slopes to and cost C prevent soil erosion. constructi on stage  Borrow areas • Non-productive, barren lands, IRC Guidelines on Borrow sites location. During Construction Contractor SQC/MPRD upland shall be used for borrow areas and Design cost C borrowing earth with the for quarries and necessary permissions/consents. (Environmental constructi • Depths of borrow pits to be Protection Act and on Stage regulated and sides not steeper Rules, 1986; Water than 25%. Act, Air Act) • Topsoil to be stockpiled and + Clause No. protected for use at the 305.2.2 MoSRTH rehabilitation stage. Specifications for • Transportation of earth materials Road and Bridge through covered vehicles. works • IRC recommended practice for Guidelines V for borrow pits (IRC 10: 1961). Borrow Areas • Borrow areas not to be dug Management continuously. • To the extent borrow areas shall be sited away from habitated areas. Borrow areas shall be leveled with salvaged material or other filling materials which do not pose contamination of soil. Else, it shall be converted into 107

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision fishpond in consultation with fishery department and land owner/community. Rehabilitation of the borrow areas as per Guidelines for redevelopment of Borrow Areas.  Quarry • Aggregates will be sourced from Clause No. 111.3 Operations existing licensed quarries. MoSRTH • Copies of consent/ approval / Specifications for rehabilitation plan for a new Road and Bridge quarry or use of existing source works Guidelines VI will be submitted to EO, MPRDC. for Quarry Areas • The contractor will develop a Management Quarry Redevelopment plan, as per the Mining Rules of the state and submit a copy of the approval to EA.  Compaction of • Construction vehicles, Design Parking areas, Haulage roads Just Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD soil and impact on machinery, and equipment to be requirement and construction yards. before construction C quarry haul roads stationed in the designated ROW commenc cost due to movement to avoid compaction. ement of of vehicles and • Approach roads/haulage roads constructi equipments shall be designed along the on barren and hard soil area to reduce the compaction. • Transportation of quarry material to the dumping site through heavy vehicles shall be done through existing major roads to the extent possible to restrict wear and tear to the village/minor roads. • Land taken for construction camp and other temporary facility shall be restored to its original conditions.  Contamination • Construction vehicles and Design Fuelling station, construction Just Monitoring Contractor SQC/MPRD of soil due to equipment will be maintained requirement sites, and construction camps before Cost Included C leakage/spillage and disposal location. commenc in EMoP

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision of oil, bituminous and refueled in such a fashion ement of and non that oil/diesel spillage does not constructi bituminous debris contaminate the soil. on generated from • Fuel storage and refueling sites demolition and to be kept away from drainage road construction channels. • Unusable debris shall be dumped in ditches and low lying areas. • To avoid soil contamination Oil- Interceptors shall be provided at wash down and refueling areas. • Waste oil and oil soaked cotton/ cloth shall be stored in containers labeled ‘Waste Oil’ and ‘Hazardous’ sold off to MoEF/SPCB authorized vendors • Non-bituminous wastes to be dumped in borrow pits with the concurrence of landowner and covered with a layer of topsoil conserved from opening the pit. • Bituminous wastes will be disposed off in an identified dumping site approved by the State Pollution Control Board • Soil quality monitoring 6. Water Resources Sourcing of water • Requisite permission shall be - Throughout the Project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD during Construction obtained for abstraction of Constructi construction C groundwater from Central on stage cost Groundwater Authority • Arrangements shall be made by contractor that the water availability and supply to nearby communities remain unaffected.  Disposal of water • Provisions shall be made to Clause No. 1010 EP Throughout the Project section During Included in Contractor SQC/MPRD during connect road side drains with Act 1986 MoSRTH Constructi construction C 109

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision Construction exiting nearby ponds otherwise Specifications for on stage cost make provision of water Road and Bridge harvesting pits intermittently. works  Alteration in • Existing drainage system to be Design requirement, Near all drainage channels, river During Included in Contractor SQC surface water maintained and further Clause No 501.8.6. crossings at Kathera, Bearma, Constructi construction hydrology due to enhanced. MoSRTH Suhar river etc. on stage cost embankment • Provision shall be made for Specifications for adequate size and number of Road and Bridge cross drainage structures esp. in the areas where land is sloping towards road alignment. • Road level shall be raised above HFL level wherever road level is lesser than HFL.  Siltation in water • Embankment slopes to be Design requirement Near all river water bodies, such During Included in Contractor SQC bodies due to modified suitably to restrict the , as Kathera, Bearma, Suhar river Constructi construction construction soil debris entering water bodies. Clause No 501.8.6. embankment slopes. on stage cost activities/ • Provision of Silt fencing shall be MoSRTH earthwork made at water bodies. Specifications for • Silt/sediment should be collected Road and Bridge and stockpiled for possible reuse works as surfacing of slopes where (CP and CP) they have to be re-vegetated. and worldwide best • Earthworks and stone works to practices be prevented from impeding natural flow of rivers, streams and water canals or existing drainage system.  Deterioration in • No vehicles or equipment should The Water Water bodies, refueling stations, During Construction Contractor SQC Surface water be parked or refuelled near (Prevention and construction camps. Constructi cost quality due to water-bodies, so as to avoid Control of Pollution) on Stage leakage from contamination from fuel and Act, 1974 and Monitoring cost vehicles and lubricants. amendments as indicated in equipments and • Oil and grease traps and fuelling thereof. EMoP waste from platforms to be provided at reconstruction fuelling locations. camps. • All chemicals and oil shall be stored away from water and

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision concreted platform with catchment pit for spills collection. • All equipment operators, drivers, and warehouse personnel will be trained in immediate response for spill containment and eventual cleanup. Readily available, simple to understand and preferably written in the local language emergency response procedure, including reporting, will be provided by the contractors • Construction camp to be sited away from water bodies. • Wastes must be collected, stored and taken to approve disposal site only. • Water quality shall be monitored periodically. 7. Flora and Fauna  Vegetation loss • Minimize tree cutting to the Forest Conservation Throughout project corridor During the Indicated MPRDC SQC due to site extent possible. Act 1980 design above through preparation and • Roadside trees to be removed + and competent construction with prior approval of competent IRC SP: 21 and IRC Constructi authority activities and authority. SP:66 on stage Plantation Strategy • Compensatory plantation at 1:5 basis and additional plantation as per the IRC guidelines in consultation with Forest Department. • Regular maintenance of all trees planted. • Provision of LPG in construction camp as fuel source to avoid tree cutting, wherever possible. • Plantation of trees on both sides of the road. Integrate vegetation 111

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision management (IVM) with the carriage way completely clear of vegetation. From the edge of the road to the boundary of ROW, vegetation structured with smaller plants near the line and larger trees further away to avoid costly and provide habitats for a wide variety of plants and animals. Additional plantation near river banks to check erosion as part of compensatory plantation. • In the event of design changes during the construction stages additional assessments including the possibility to save trees shall be made by the EA. • Road side Plantation Strategy as per IRC specifications including manuring. • Control use of pesticides/fertilizers 8. Construction Camps  Impact associated • All camps should maintain Design Requirement All construction camps During Included in Contractor and SQC with location minimum distance from Constructi construction EO following: on stage cost # 500 m from habitation # 1000 m from forest areas where possible # 500 m from water bodies where possible # 500 m from through traffic route where possible • The average distance between two camps should be 50 km

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  worker’s Health in • The location, layout and basic The Building and All construction camps During Part of the Contractor SQC construction facility provision of each labor Other Construction constructi Contract camp camp will be submitted to SQC workers (Regulation on stage prior to their construction. The of Employment and construction shall commence Conditions of only after approval of SQC. Service) Act 1996 • The contractor will maintain and necessary living accommodation The Water and ancillary facilities in (Prevention and functional and hygienic manner Control of Pollution) as approved by the EA. Act, 1974 and • Adequate water and sanitary amendments latrines with septic tanks thereof attached to soak pits shall be provided. • Preventive medical care to be provided to workers including a First-Aid kit that must be available in the camp. • Waste disposal facilities such as dust bins must be provided in the camps and regular disposal of waste must be carried out . • The Contractor will take all precautions to protect the workers from insect and pest to reduce the risk to health. This includes the use of insecticides which should comply with local regulations. • No alcoholic liquor or prohibited drugs will be imported to, sell, give, barter to the workers of host community. • Awareness raising to immigrant workers/local community on communicable and sexually transmitted diseases. 113

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision 8. Management of Construction Waste/Dismantled Debris  Selection of • Unproductive/wastelands shall Design Requirement At all Dumping Sites Constructi Part of the Contractor. SQC Dumping Sites be selected for dumping sites. and MoSRTH on contract • Away from residential areas and guidelines water bodies • Dumping sites have adequate capacity equal to the amount of debris generated. • Public perception and consent from the village Panchayats has to be obtained before finalizing the location.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Reuse and • The existing bitumen surface disposal of shall be utilized for paving of construction and cross roads, access roads, and dismantled waste paving works in construction sites and camps, temporary traffic diversions, and haulage routes. • All excavated materials from roadway, shoulders, verges, drains, cross drainage will be used for backfilling embankments, filling pits, and landscaping. • Unusable debris material should be suitably disposed off at pre- designated disposal locations, with approval of the concerned authority. The bituminous wastes shall be disposed in secure landfill sites only in environmentally accepted manner. For removal of debris, wastes and its disposal MOSRTH guidelines should be followed. • Unusable and surplus materials, as determined by the Project Engineer, will be removed and disposed off-site. 8. Accessibility, Traffic Management, Accident and Safety Risks  Design • Temporary traffic diversion shall Throughout the project corridor During Project Contractor SQC requirement and be planned by the contractor and Design requirement especially at intersections. constructi preparation Traffic Planning approved by the ‘Engineer’. and on stage and During • The traffic control plans shall IRC SP:55 construction Construction contain details of diversions; cost Stage traffic safety arrangements during construction; safety measures for nighttime traffic 115

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision and precautions for transportation of hazardous materials. Traffic control plans shall be prepared in line with requirements of IRC’s SP 55 document’. • The Contractor will ensure that the diversion/detour is always maintained in running condition, particularly during the monsoon to avoid disruption to traffic flow. • On stretches where it is not possible to pass the traffic on the part width of existing carriageway, temporary paved diversions will be constructed. • Restriction of construction activity to only one side of the existing road. • The contractor shall inform local community of changes to traffic routes, and pedestrian access arrangements with assistance from “Engineer”. • Use of adequate signages to ensure traffic management and safety. Conduct of regular safety audit on safety measures.  Pedestrians, • All measures for the safety of Design requirement Near habitation on both sides of Included in Contractor in SQC animal and traffic during construction viz. and schools, temples, hospitals, construction consultation Vehicular signs, markings, flags, lights and • IRC: SP: 27 - graveyards, construction sites, cost. with Forest movement, flagmen as proposed in the 1984 Report haulage roads, diversion sites department Traffic Control Plan/Drawings Containing (refer Table 5.1). Some of the and MPRDC shall be taken. Recommendation specific locations are: Lakshman s of IRC Regional • Temporary access and diversion, Workshops on Dham (Khujeri), Palar, Ankhera with proper drainage facilities. Highway Safety (Bangaon), Luhari, Hata town, • Access to the schools, temples • IRC:SP: 32 -1988 Hardua, Ghataria, Sakour and other public places must be Road Safety for (Hinota Kala), Budwar, maintained when construction Children (5-12 Gaisabad

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision takes place near them. Years Old) • Fencing wherever cattle • IRC:SP: 44 -1994 movement is expected. To avoid Highway Safety Code the need for cattle underpasses, • IRC: SP: 55 - some of the proposed culverts 2001 Guidelines `near habitations may be for Safety in widened to facilitate cattle Construction movement. Zones  Safety of Workers • Contractors to adopt and • The Building and Construction sites Constructi Included in Obligation of SQC and accident risk maintain safe working practices. other on period construction Contractor from construction • Usage of fluorescent and Construction cost activities workers Act 1996 retroflectory signage, in local and Cess Act of language at the construction 1996 sites • Factories Act • Training to workers on safety 1948 procedures and precautions. • Mandatory appointment of safety officer. • All regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe means of entry and egress shall be complied with. • Provision of PPEs to workers. • Provision of a readily available first aid unit including an adequate supply of dressing materials. • The contractor will not employ any person below the age of 14 years for any work • Use of hazardous material should be minimized and/or restricted. • Emergency plan (to be approved by engineer) shall be prepared to respond to any accidents or 117

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision emergencies. • Accident Prevention Officer must be appointed by the contractor.  Accident risk to • Restrict access to construction Construction sites local community sites to authorized personnels • Physical separation must be provided for movement of vehicular and human traffic. • Adequate signages must be provided for safe traffic movement 9. Common Property Resources and other Utilities  Utilities • All telephone and electrical Project requirement Throughout the corridor Before Included in Contractor/SQ SQC poles/wires and underground Constructi construction / C cables should be shifted before on R and R cost. start of construction 10. Enhancement Measures  Environmental • Maintenance of tree Environmental Throughout the corridor Design Construction Contractor SQC enhancement plantations. Enhancement as and cost along the corridor • Enhancement/rehabilitation of part of project Constructi borrow areas and camp sites requirement on Stage etc. 11. Contractor Demobilization

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Clean-up • Contractor will prepare site Project requirement Throughout the Corridor and Immediate ---- Contractor SQC Operations, restoration plans, which will be borrow areas ly after Restoration and approved by the ‘Engineer’. Constructi Rehabilitation The clean-up and restoration on operations are to be implemented by the contractor prior to demobilization. • All construction zones including river-beds, culverts, road-side areas, camps, hot mix plant sites, crushers, batching plant sites and any other area used/affected by the project will be left clean and tidy, at the contractor's expense, to the satisfaction of the Environmental officer. All the opened borrow areas will be rehabilitated .and ‘Engineer’ will certify in this regard. B. Operation Stage 1. Climate and Air quality  Air pollution due • Roadside tree plantations shall Environmental Throughout the Corridor Througho Indicated In SQC/contractor to due to be maintained. Protection Act, ut EMoP vehicular • Regular maintenance of the road 1986; The Air operation movement will be done to ensure good (Prevention and period surface condition Control of Pollution) • Vehicular air pollution will be Act, 1981 managed and monitored at the toll plazas. • Ambient air quality monitoring. If monitored parameters are above the prescribed limit, suitable control measures must be taken. • Technological and behavioral changes • Road signs shall be provided reminding the motorist to 119

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision properly maintain their vehicles to economize on fuel consumption and protect the environment. 2. Noise Environment  Noise due to • Effective traffic management Noise Pollution Noise sensitive locations as Througho Included in SQC movement of and good riding conditions shall (Regulation and given in Table 5.1 ut additional traffic be maintained to reduce the Control) Rules, operation plantation cost. noise level throughout the 2000 and period stretch and speed limitation and amendments honking restrictions may be thereof enforced near sensitive locations. • The effectiveness of the multilayered plantation should be monitored and if need be, solid noise barrier shall be placed. • Create awareness amongst the residents about likely noise levels from road operation at different distances, the safe ambient noise limits and easy to implement noise reduction measures while constructing a building close to the road.

3. Land and Soil  Soil erosion at • Periodic checking to be carried Project requirement At bridge locations specifically at Througho Included in SQC embankment to assess the effectiveness of Kathera, Bearma, Suhar river ut Operation/ during heavy the stabilization measures viz. and embankment slopes and operation Maintenance rain fall. turfing, stone pitching, river other probable soil erosion period cost training structures etc. areas. • Necessary measures to be followed wherever there are failures 4. Water Resources

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Contamination of • Monitoring of surface water Near surface Water bodies surface water bodies specifically at Kathera, Bearma, Indicated in quality due to Suhar river EMoP leakage of oil  Siltation • Regular visual checks shall be made to observe any incidence of blockage of drains/culverts. Regular checks shall be made for soil erosion and turfing conditions of river training structures for its effective maintenance.  Water logging • Regular checks shall be done Throughout the corridor due to blockage along the alignment to ensure of streams that flow of water is maintained through cross drains and other channels/streams. • Monitoring of water borne diseases due to stagnant water bodies  Protection of • Immediate removal of deposited Project requirement Identified Flood prone areas During Operation and SQC Embankment in silt from drainage channels and whole Maintenance Flood prone out-let points. Rejuvenation of operation Cost Areas the drainage system by removing stage encroachments/ congestions. This shall be done in close coordination with concerned department. • Long term strategy to be worked out with water resources, agriculture, soil and other department. 5. Flora and Fauna 121

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision  Vegetation • Planted trees, shrubs, and Forest Conservation Throughout project section During Indicated in SQC grasses to be properly Act 1980 whole Monitoring cost maintained. operation in EMoP • The tree survivalist audit to be period conducted at least once in a year to assess the effectiveness • Maintenance of box culverts, wherever provided. 6. Flooding/ inundation  Road inundation • MPRDC will ensure that all Project operation Throughout the stretch During Overall SQC due to choking of drains (side drains and all cross requirement particularly in rolling topography whole Operation cost drainage drainages) are periodically section operation channels cleared especially before period monsoon season to facilitate the quick passage of rainwater and avoid flooding. 7. Right-of-Way Maintenance  Accident Risk due • Efforts shall be made to make Project requirement Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC to uncontrolled shoulder completely clear of whole operation/ growth of vegetation. operation Maintenance vegetation • Regular maintenance of period. cost plantation along the roadside • Invasive plant not to be planted near the road. 8. Accidents and Safety  Accident risks • Traffic control measures, IRC:SP:55 Throughout the Project route During Included in SQC associated with including speed limits, will be whole operation/ traffic movement. enforced strictly. operation Maintenance • Further encroachment and period. cost squatting within the ROW will be prevented. • No school or hospital will be allowed to be established within 100 m of the highway without permission from the planning authorities.

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Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision • Monitor/ensure that all safety provisions included in design and construction phase are properly maintained • Highway patrol unit(s) for round the clock patrolling. Phone booths for accidental reporting and ambulance services with minimum response time for rescue of any accident victims, if possible. • Tow-away facility for the break down vehicles if possible. • Coordination with operating agency of intersecting National Highways to have common facilities and share the costs as appropriate if possible.  Transport of • Preparation of spill prevention Throughout the project stretch Included in SQC Dangerous and control and emergency operation/ Goods preparedness and responsive Maintenance plans based on an analysis of cost. hazards, implementation of presentation and control measures. • Emergency plan for vehicles carrying hazardous material 9. Monitoring Operation Performance  Monitoring • The MPRDC will monitor the Throughout the corridor Included in SQC Operation operational performance of the EMoP Performance various mitigation/ enhancement measures carried out as a part of the project • The indicators selected for monitoring include the survival rate of trees; utility of enhancement provision, status of rehabilitation of borrow areas, Air 123

Environmental Remedial Measure Reference to laws Approximate Time Mitigation Institutional Responsibility Issue/ Component /guidelines Location Frame Cost Implementation Supervision quality, water quality, noise levels, soil quality, drainage pattern, etc. EA: Executing Agency, MPRDC: Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation, SQC: Supervision Quality Controller, EO: Environmental Officer, IRC: Indian Road Congress

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APPENDIX 7.2: Monitoring Plan for the Performance Indicators Env. Project Frequency Approximate Supervisi Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Indicator Stage and Duration cost (Rs) on High volume sampler Hot mix plants, stone crushers to be located 50 m 24 hr Contractor and construction/ earthwork Construction from the plant in the continuous, 6x5000x3x3 through approved sites and as suggested by NAAQS SQC stage downwind direction. 3/year for 3 =Rs. 2,70,000 monitoring SQC Use method specified years agency SPM, (Total 6 Locations) by CPCB for analysis Air RSPM, SO2, High volume sampler Quality NOX, CO, to be located 50 m Major Road Intersections and 24 hr SQC through HC from the selected 6X5000x3X1 Operation Residential area continuous, approved locations in the NAAQS =Rs 90,000 SQC stage (6 Locations) 3/year for 1 monitoring downwind direction. year agency Use method specified by CPCB for analysis Groundwater at Construction Ground Camps/site and Surface water water: (IS: at and downstream of Budhni Contractor Construction 10500:1991) 3/year for 3 6x 4000x3X3 through approved river and any large pond CPCB SQC stage and years =Rs 216, 000 monitoring Grab sample collected located close to the alignment Surface agency from source and being used by local water for analyze as per Water Class D and community. Quality Standard Methods for Class E as Groundwater at 2 locations and Prescribed Examination of Water by CPCB and Wastewater Surface water sample of river EO through Operation Budhni (downstream of bridge 3/year for 1 6X3x4000 approved and for CPCB SQC stage vector borne Location) and stagnant water year =Rs 72, 000 monitoring diseases bodies developed due to agency borrow areas Once during Guidelines Siltation Visual Checks for presence of All rivers/streams/drainage rainy seasons Routine work from water in Water Construction construction debris/waste and channels and major water of the of Engineering Contractor SQC resources Bodies bodies along the stretch construction Team blockade of drainage channels department period. 125

Env. Project Frequency Approximate Supervisi Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Indicator Stage and Duration cost (Rs) on Guidelines EO, with support Once during Routine work from water of Water Operation operation of of Engineering SQC st resources Resource 1 year Team department Department Construction sites, major road Free field at 1 m from intersections and 1 each at 24 hr 10x1500x3x3 Construction the equipment whose residential, commercial and continuous, =Rs. 1,35,000 SQC SQC stage noise levels are being sensitive locations along the 3*/year for 3 Equivalent determined. alignment. years Noise levels Noise (10 Locations) on dB (A) MoEF levels Equivalent Noise scale for day levels using an Near residential, commercial and night Operation integrated noise level and silence zone. 3 / year for 1 6x3000x3X1 SQC SQC stage meter kept at a (6 Locations) year =Rs 54, 000 distance of 15 m from edge of Pavement NPK (ICAR standard ) Once during CPCB and Construction and heavy agricultural land and HMP whole NPK as per 12,000 SQC SQC Stage metals for sites construction ICAR Soil dredging stage standard Quality sites At oil spillage locations and Once for the Operation Oil and As specified by the other probable soil first year of CPCB 12,000 SQC SQC stage grease site engineer contamination location operation MPRDC/SQC Part of routine Construction Visual action of After first rain Contractor BSRDCL Stage Visual check Throughout the project Checks engineering Soil for Soil corridor especially at River team Erosion erosion and banks, bridge locations Part of routine Once during Operation siltation structures Visual action of operation of Engineering Team of MPRDC Stage st Checks engineering 1 year team Throughout the Project Part of routine Drainage Once in a Construction Corridor especially at probable None action of Contractor’s Congesti Visual Checks year before SQC stage drainage congestion areas as Specific engineering Engineering Team on rainy season described in IEE team

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Env. Project Frequency Approximate Supervisi Parameters Method/Guidelines Location Standards Implementation Indicator Stage and Duration cost (Rs) on Once in a Part of routine Operation year before None action of MPRDC Engineering Team Stage rainy season Specific engineering for 3 yrs team IRC guidelines Identification of and Best Contractor with Construction Visual Once in a borrow areas as per Borrow areas to be operated Practices approval from SQC Stage Checks month IEE for Borrow MPRDC Borrow Part of the area Areas Contract operation Borrow Operation Visual Rehabilitation as Quarterly for 1 Area Closed Borrow Areas MPRDC Stage Checks recommended in IEE year rehabilitatio n Plan Storage Area, Construct Construction IRC Quarterly ion Sites for guidelines Part of the Contractor with Construction Rapid audit as per during Sites and Hygiene, Construction Sites and Camp and to the regular approval from SQC stage reporting format construction Labour drainage satisfaction monitoring E.O., MPRDC period Camp Medical of SQC Facilities Etc. During site Surveillance monitoring of trees Construction Throughout the Project clearance in felling SQC/Local Forest Departments Stage Section construction

phase As Included in Tree suggested The Engineer will be overall Plantatio by Forest responsible for monitoring upto plantation Cost n Operation Audit for survival rate of trees Throughout the Project Once in a Dept. the Defect Liability Period in stage plantation Section year for years any particular stretch. After this period the SQC will be responsible for monitoring Monitoring Costs: INR 0.86 Million MPRDC – Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation Limited, EO: Environmental Officer, SQC-Supervision Quality Controller; IS - India standard; NOx - Nitrogen Oxide; Pb - Plumbum, (lead); RPM - Respirable Particulate Matter; SO2 - Sulfur Dioxide; SPM - Suspended Particulate Matter, HC- Hydrocarbon, CO- Carbon monoxide