Chimpanzees Use of Sign Language
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Sign Language Typology Series
SIGN LANGUAGE TYPOLOGY SERIES The Sign Language Typology Series is dedicated to the comparative study of sign languages around the world. Individual or collective works that systematically explore typological variation across sign languages are the focus of this series, with particular emphasis on undocumented, underdescribed and endangered sign languages. The scope of the series primarily includes cross-linguistic studies of grammatical domains across a larger or smaller sample of sign languages, but also encompasses the study of individual sign languages from a typological perspective and comparison between signed and spoken languages in terms of language modality, as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to sign language typology. Interrogative and Negative Constructions in Sign Languages Edited by Ulrike Zeshan Sign Language Typology Series No. 1 / Interrogative and negative constructions in sign languages / Ulrike Zeshan (ed.) / Nijmegen: Ishara Press 2006. ISBN-10: 90-8656-001-6 ISBN-13: 978-90-8656-001-1 © Ishara Press Stichting DEF Wundtlaan 1 6525XD Nijmegen The Netherlands Fax: +31-24-3521213 email: [email protected] http://ishara.def-intl.org Cover design: Sibaji Panda Printed in the Netherlands First published 2006 Catalogue copy of this book available at Depot van Nederlandse Publicaties, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Den Haag (www.kb.nl/depot) To the deaf pioneers in developing countries who have inspired all my work Contents Preface........................................................................................................10 -
A Lexicostatistic Survey of the Signed Languages in Nepal
DigitalResources Electronic Survey Report 2012-021 ® A Lexicostatistic Survey of the Signed Languages in Nepal Hope M. Hurlbut A Lexicostatistic Survey of the Signed Languages in Nepal Hope M. Hurlbut SIL International ® 2012 SIL Electronic Survey Report 2012-021, June 2012 © 2012 Hope M. Hurlbut and SIL International ® All rights reserved 2 Contents 0. Introduction 1.0 The Deaf 1.1 The deaf of Nepal 1.2 Deaf associations 1.3 History of deaf education in Nepal 1.4 Outside influences on Nepali Sign Language 2.0 The Purpose of the Survey 3.0 Research Questions 4.0 Approach 5.0 The survey trip 5.1 Kathmandu 5.2 Surkhet 5.3 Jumla 5.4 Pokhara 5.5 Ghandruk 5.6 Dharan 5.7 Rajbiraj 6.0 Methodology 7.0 Analysis and results 7.1 Analysis of the wordlists 7.2 Interpretation criteria 7.2.1 Results of the survey 7.2.2 Village signed languages 8.0 Conclusion Appendix Sample of Nepali Sign Language Wordlist (Pages 1–6) References 3 Abstract This report concerns a 2006 lexicostatistical survey of the signed languages of Nepal. Wordlists and stories were collected in several towns of Nepal from Deaf school leavers who were considered to be representative of the Nepali Deaf. In each city or town there was a school for the Deaf either run by the government or run by one of the Deaf Associations. The wordlists were transcribed by hand using the SignWriting orthography. Two other places were visited where it was learned that there were possibly unique sign languages, in Jumla District, and also in Ghandruk (a village in Kaski District). -
Sign Language Endangerment and Linguistic Diversity Ben Braithwaite
RESEARCH REPORT Sign language endangerment and linguistic diversity Ben Braithwaite University of the West Indies at St. Augustine It has become increasingly clear that current threats to global linguistic diversity are not re - stricted to the loss of spoken languages. Signed languages are vulnerable to familiar patterns of language shift and the global spread of a few influential languages. But the ecologies of signed languages are also affected by genetics, social attitudes toward deafness, educational and public health policies, and a widespread modality chauvinism that views spoken languages as inherently superior or more desirable. This research report reviews what is known about sign language vi - tality and endangerment globally, and considers the responses from communities, governments, and linguists. It is striking how little attention has been paid to sign language vitality, endangerment, and re - vitalization, even as research on signed languages has occupied an increasingly prominent posi - tion in linguistic theory. It is time for linguists from a broader range of backgrounds to consider the causes, consequences, and appropriate responses to current threats to sign language diversity. In doing so, we must articulate more clearly the value of this diversity to the field of linguistics and the responsibilities the field has toward preserving it.* Keywords : language endangerment, language vitality, language documentation, signed languages 1. Introduction. Concerns about sign language endangerment are not new. Almost immediately after the invention of film, the US National Association of the Deaf began producing films to capture American Sign Language (ASL), motivated by a fear within the deaf community that their language was endangered (Schuchman 2004). -
The 5 Parameters of ASL Before You Begin Sign Language Partner Activities, You Need to Learn the 5 Parameters of ASL
The 5 Parameters of ASL Before you begin Sign Language Partner activities, you need to learn the 5 Parameters of ASL. You will use these parameters to describe new vocabulary words you will learn with your partner while completing Language Partner activities. Read and learn about the 5 Parameters below. DEFINITION In American Sign Language (ASL), we use the 5 Parameters of ASL to describe how a sign behaves within the signer’s space. The parameters are handshape, palm orientation, movement, location, and expression/non-manual signals. All five parameters must be performed correctly to sign the word accurately. Go to https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrkGrIiAoNE for a signed definition of the 5 Parameters of ASL. Don’t forget to turn the captions on if you are a beginning ASL student. Note: The signer’s space spans the width of your elbows when your hands are on your hips to the length four inches above your head to four inches below your belly button. Imagine a rectangle drawn around the top half of your body. TYPES OF HANDSHAPES Handshapes consist of the manual alphabet and other variations of handshapes. Refer to the picture below. TYPES OF ORIENTATIONS Orientation refers to which direction your palm is facing for a particular sign. The different directions are listed below. 1. Palm facing out 2. Palm facing in 3. Palm is horizontal 4. Palm faces left/right 5. Palm toward palm 6. Palm up/down TYPES OF MOVEMENT A sign can display different kinds of movement that are named below. 1. In a circle 2. -
Finding Koko
1 A Wish for Koko by Julie Brinckloe 2 This book was created as a gift to the Gorilla Foundation. 100% of the proceeds will go directly to the Foundation to help all the Kokos of the World. Copyright © by Julie Brinckloe 2019 Grumpkin Press All rights reserved. Photographs and likenesses of Koko, Penny and Michael © by Ron Cohn and the Gorilla Foundation Koko’s Kitten © by Penny Patterson, Ron Cohn and the Gorilla Foundation No part of this book may be used or reproduced in whole or in part without prior written consent of Julie Brinckloe and the Gorilla Foundation. Library of Congress U.S. Copyright Office Registration Number TXu 2-131-759 ISBN 978-0-578-51838-1 Printed in the U.S.A. 0 Thank You This story needed inspired players to give it authenticity. I found them at La Honda Elementary School, a stone’s throw from where Koko lived her extraordinary life. And I found it in the spirited souls of Stella Machado and her family. Principal Liz Morgan and teacher Brett Miller embraced Koko with open hearts, and the generous consent of parents paved the way for students to participate in the story. Ms. Miller’s classroom was the creative, warm place I had envisioned. And her fourth and fifth grade students were the kids I’d crossed my fingers for. They lit up the story with exuberance, inspired by true affection for Koko and her friends. I thank them all. And following the story they shall all be named. I thank the San Francisco Zoo for permission to use my photographs taken at the Gorilla Preserve in this book. -
American Sign Language
4-H 365.00 General OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION PROJECT IDEA STARTER American Sign Language by Marla Berkowitz, MA, CDI, ASLTA Certified, ASL Program, The Ohio State University; and Kara Detty, Clover Bees 4-H Club Member and Supporter of ASL, Ross County. Special thanks to Abby White, Deaf and Hard of Hearing Educator, Ohio School for the Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) is the official language used mostly by deaf and hard of hearing people who are immersed in the deaf community. The deaf community includes deaf and hard of hearing people, ASL interpreters and hearing people who use ASL and are familiar with deaf culture. Different sign languages such as French, Japanese, British and many more are used all over the world. ASL and its users have influenced our world. For bilingual, using ASL and English for all instruction, and instance, William “Dummy” Hoy (born in 1862) was is located in Washington, D.C. the first deaf baseball superstar and a graduate of As ASL became recognized as a language, it cleared the Ohio School for the Deaf. Hand signals became the path for various laws leading to the Americans necessary for Hoy to understand the plays during the with Disabilities Act in 1990. Most deaf and hard of games. Other players and the fans found them useful hearing people now have better opportunities in a and these signals became commonplace. The football wide array of jobs and careers. huddle was invented in 1892 by Paul Hubbard, a Today, awareness of ASL is growing rapidly and deaf student at Gallaudet University, who urged his classes are now offered in high schools, colleges and teammates to “huddle up” to prevent other teams in local libraries, agencies and other organizations. -
What Sign Language Creation Teaches Us About Language Diane Brentari1∗ and Marie Coppola2,3
Focus Article What sign language creation teaches us about language Diane Brentari1∗ and Marie Coppola2,3 How do languages emerge? What are the necessary ingredients and circumstances that permit new languages to form? Various researchers within the disciplines of primatology, anthropology, psychology, and linguistics have offered different answers to this question depending on their perspective. Language acquisition, language evolution, primate communication, and the study of spoken varieties of pidgin and creoles address these issues, but in this article we describe a relatively new and important area that contributes to our understanding of language creation and emergence. Three types of communication systems that use the hands and body to communicate will be the focus of this article: gesture, homesign systems, and sign languages. The focus of this article is to explain why mapping the path from gesture to homesign to sign language has become an important research topic for understanding language emergence, not only for the field of sign languages, but also for language in general. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. How to cite this article: WIREs Cogn Sci 2012. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1212 INTRODUCTION linguistic community, a language model, and a 21st century mind/brain that well-equip the child for this esearchers in a variety of disciplines offer task. When the very first languages were created different, mostly partial, answers to the question, R the social and physiological conditions were very ‘What are the stages of language creation?’ Language different. Spoken language pidgin varieties can also creation can refer to any number of phylogenic and shed some light on the question of language creation. -
A Message from the President
Bulletin Toni Ziegler - Executive Secretary Volume 27, Number 1 March 2003 A Message from the President... “Now, when they come down to Canada Scarcely ‘bout half a year. .” Bob Dylan, “Canadee-i-o”, 1992 Annual Meeting in Calgary, August 2003 As usual, Dylan is right on the mark with his lyrics, since we are now fast approaching the 6-month mark to our annual meeting in Calgary, Alberta. By the time you receive this newsletter, abstracts will have been received and the scientific review will be underway by Marilyn Norconk and the rest of the program committee. This committee has already guaranteed a scientifically stimulating conference by arranging for invited presentations by Suzette Tardif, Linda Fedigan, Amy Vedder, and the receipient of the 2002 Distinguished Primatologist Award, Andy Hendrickx. The late meeting date (31 July – 2 August 2003) presumably allowed each of us to collect that last bit of crucial data needed for our abstracts! I look forward to hearing from all of you about the latest advances in primatology in disciplines ranging from anthropology to zoology, and having my students tell you about our recent research endeavors. ASP President Jeff French and Outstanding Poster Presentation winner Michael Rukstalis at the 2002 Oklahoma meetings World Politics and Primatology As I write these words in late February, the world faces an uncertain period where the risk of global instability is higher than at any other time in my 48-year lifetime. US and alllied troops are gathering around Iraq, North Korea is firing missiles into the Sea of Japan, and Pakistan and India are once again restless on their shared and disputed borders. -
Menagerie to Me / My Neighbor Be”: Exotic Animals and American Conscience, 1840-1900
“MENAGERIE TO ME / MY NEIGHBOR BE”: EXOTIC ANIMALS AND AMERICAN CONSCIENCE, 1840-1900 Leslie Jane McAbee A dissertation submitted to the faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English and Comparative Literature. Chapel Hill 2018 Approved by: Eliza Richards Timothy Marr Matthew Taylor Ruth Salvaggio Jane Thrailkill © 2018 Leslie Jane McAbee ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Leslie McAbee: “Menagerie to me / My Neighbor be”: Exotic Animals and American Conscience, 1840-1900 (Under the direction of Eliza Richards) Throughout the nineteenth century, large numbers of living “exotic” animals—elephants, lions, and tigers—circulated throughout the U.S. in traveling menageries, circuses, and later zoos as staples of popular entertainment and natural history education. In “Menagerie to me / My Neighbor be,” I study literary representations of these displaced and sensationalized animals, offering a new contribution to Americanist animal studies in literary scholarship, which has largely attended to the cultural impact of domesticated and native creatures. The field has not yet adequately addressed the influence that representations of foreign animals had on socio-cultural discourses, such as domesticity, social reform, and white supremacy. I examine how writers enlist exoticized animals to variously advance and disrupt the human-centered foundations of hierarchical thinking that underpinned nineteenth-century tenets of civilization, particularly the belief that Western culture acts as a progressive force in a comparatively barbaric world. Both well studied and lesser-known authors, however, find “exotic” animal figures to be wily for two seemingly contradictory reasons. -
Ndume, and Hayes, J.J
Publications Vitolo, J.M., Ndume, and Hayes, J.J. (2003) Castration as a Viable Alternative to Zeta Male Propagation. J. Primate Behavior [in press]. Vitolo, J.M., Ndume, and Hayes, J.J. (2003) Identification of POZM-A Novel Protease That is Essential for Degradation of Zeta-Male Protein. Nature [in press]. Vitolo, J.M., Ndume, and Gorilla, T.T. (2001) A Critical Review of the Color Pink and Anger Management. J. Primate Behavior, 46: 8012-8021. Ndume, and Gorilla, T.T. (2001) Escalation of Dominance and Aberrant Behavior of Alpha-Males in the Presence of Alpha-Females. J. Primate Behavior, 45: 7384-7390. Ndume, Koko, Gorilla, T.T. (2001) The ëPound Head with Fistí is the Preferred Method of Establishment of Dominance by Alpha- males in Gorilla Society. J. Primate. Behavior, 33: 3753-3762. Graueri, G., Ndume, and Gorilla, E.P. (1996) Rate of Loss of Banana Peel Pigmentation after Banana Consumption. Anal. Chem., 42: 1570-85. Education Ph.D. in Behavioral Biology, Gorilla Foundation 2000 Cincinnati, OH. M.S. in Behavioral Etiquette 1998 Sponge Bob University for Primate Temperament Training. *Discharged from program for non-compliance. Ph.D. in Chemistry 1997 Silverback University, Zaire B.S. in Survival and Chemical Synthesis ? - 1995 The Jungle, Zaire Research Experience Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 2001 - Present Postdoctoral Fellow Advisor: Dr. Jeffrey J. Hayes Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 2000 - 2001 Postdoctoral Fellow Advisor: Dr. Jeffrey J. Hayes Department of Behavioral Biology, Gorilla Foundation, Cincinnati OH 1997 - 2000 Ph.D. -
DQP TISLR 10 Fingerspelling Rates
Rates of fingerspelling in American Sign Language David Quinto-Pozos Department of Linguistics, University of Texas-Austin TISLR 10; Purdue University Methodology Introduction Main points Signers: 2 deaf native users of ASL (Kevin & James) Information in the text (examples of items that were fingerspelled): • Faster rates than previously reported Fingerspelling used often in American Sign Language (ASL) • Where Don lived (various states and cities such as Idaho, Indiana, and Means: 5-8 letters per second (125 – 200 ms/ltr) • Morford & MacFarlane (2003); corpus of 4,111 signs (27 signers) Task: deliver an ASL narrative (originally created in English) about Dallas) and worked (e.g. Gallaudet University, Model Secondary School • 8.7% of signs in casual signing the life of a Deaf leader in the US Deaf community (Don Petingill) for the Deaf, etc.) • 4.8% of signs in formal signing • Donʼs involvement in the Deaf community including advocacy work • Signers can differ in rates: Some signers are faster • 5.8% of signs in narrative signing Three audiences per signer: school children (ages 9-10) (e.g. for the Texas Commission for the Deaf) fingerspellers than other signers plus two audiences of adults • Anecdotes about Donʼs life (e.g., Donʼs joke-telling & humor) • Padden & Gansauls (2003) • 10% - 15% of signs in discourse • “Long” words are fingerspelled faster than “short” • > 50% of native signers fingerspelled 20% of time words • non-native signers: lower frequency of fingerspelling General Description of the Data: Reasons for “short” vs. “long” -
Pre-Sleep and Sleeping Platform Construction Behavior in Captive Orangutans (Pongo Spp
Original Article Folia Primatol 2015;86:187–202 Received: July 28, 2014 DOI: 10.1159/000381056 Accepted after revision: February 18, 2015 Published online: May 13, 2015 Pre-Sleep and Sleeping Platform Construction Behavior in Captive Orangutans (Pongo spp. ): Implications for Ape Health and Welfare a b–d David R. Samson Rob Shumaker a b Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, N.C., Indianapolis c Zoo, VP of Conservation and Life Sciences, Indianapolis, Ind. , Indiana University, d Bloomington, Ind. , and Krasnow Institute at George Mason University, Fairfax, Va. , USA Key Words Orangutan · Sleep · Sleeping platform · Nest · Animal welfare · Ethology Abstract The nightly construction of a ‘nest’ or sleeping platform is a behavior that has been observed in every wild great ape population studied, yet in captivity, few analyses have been performed on sleep related behavior. Here, we report on such behavior in three female and two male captive orangutans (Pongo spp.), in a natural light setting, at the Indianapolis Zoo. Behavioral samples were generated, using infrared cameras for a total of 47 nights (136.25 h), in summer (n = 25) and winter (n = 22) periods. To characterize sleep behaviors, we used all-occurrence sampling to generate platform construction episodes (n = 217). Orangutans used a total of 2.4 (SD = 1.2) techniques and 7.5 (SD = 6.3) actions to construct a sleeping platform; they spent 10.1 min (SD – 9.9 min) making the platform and showed a 77% preference for ground (vs. elevated) sleep sites. Com- parisons between summer and winter platform construction showed winter start times (17:12 h) to be significantly earlier and longer in duration than summer start times (17:56 h).